How beautiful to arrange a staircase. Modern staircase to the second floor with your own hands. Installation of steps and railings in the manufacture of wooden stairs with their own hands

Some people don't want to build cottage and they are building a multi-story building, and it will be impossible to move around the house without stairs. Stairs are different forms and made from different materials. Stairs that are between floors are made of metal and.

The design and calculations for stairs between floors made of any materials are no different.

They have the usual requirements:

In a private house, the smallest width of the stairs is 900 centimeters.
The normal height of steps is 160 - 180 millimeters.
The minimum allowable depth of steps is 270 millimeters.
The railing on the stairs must withstand a side pressure of about one hundred kilograms.
The distance between the posts of the railing should be 150 millimeters and, if there are children in the family, this distance should be 120 millimeters.
Ladders are made forged and welded.

there are the following types:

There are stairs:

If you do not have special skills for building stairs, then start with simple option, that is, with a single-march design.

Necessary calculations

In organizations that are engaged in the development of projects, they use special ones, with the help of these programs they design 3D models of structures. In the model, it is very easy to change the parameters of different parts.

After the approval of the final version, the computer program prepares the specification and drawings of the metal staircase.

But in our case, the calculations will have to be done without help computer program. We will consider a simple version of a direct single-march design.

The basic requirements for the depth and height of the steps are already known. It is necessary to make measurements between points, that is, from the beginning to the end of the stairs from the floor of the first floor and the height between the floor of the first and second floors. Now we determine the length of the stairs, you need to remember that the average angle of inclination is from thirty to forty-five degrees.

We calculate the available parameters and extract Square root and get the length of the ladder.

Materials and tools required for work

For the construction of an interfloor metal staircase, we need the following tools and materials to build an interfloor metal staircase.

Tools:

Materials:

Carrying out work

Stages of work:

First of all, corners are made from the corners for fixing steps, that is, fillies.

You can’t make a mistake so that there are no various distortions and flaws that will ruin the stairs.

Also, fillies should be the same and should be exactly opposite each other. Fillies are made from a corner by cutting out a sample and joining the corners to each other.

As a result, L-shaped nodes are obtained with shelves down and inward. For our design, fourteen pairs of these nodes are needed, and in each of the pairs one support will be left and the second right. Then we weld the brackets to connect the steps and the horizontal crossbar between each of the pairs of corners.

We also make a horizontal crossbar from a corner. They reinforce the structure with the help of kerchiefs, we weld them from the bottom of the steps towards each of the stringers.

Edgewise square pipe we make markings from the profile and, according to the markings, weld the fillies to the rib of the kosour, the second kosour is attached to the first kosour with fillies and transfer the markings.

We make and then weld the stringers with the lower end to the support platform. If in houses concrete foundation, then the support platform is installed in concrete. We attach the upper end to the support post, the support post is fixed to the ceiling between floors with steel anchors. Then once again the fillies must be checked for level.

In the event that the staircase is made near the wall, then to give the structure rigidity, one stringer is welded to the brackets that are fixed to the wall.

They consist in welding the steps to the filly, you can also fix them with bolts, but in this case it is necessary to sheathe the steps with wood. The steps can also be installed wooden, on the filly with the help of screw connections.

Like building a structure interfloor stairs not such a difficult task, but this work requires accuracy, accuracy and care.

In the article, we told how to make a metal staircase to the second floor.

This article is an overview of the most popular types of stairs, and also contains practical advice how to make and calculate stairs to the second floor in a private house with your own hands. Scheme, calculations, dimensions, as well as drawings are attached. At the end of each chapter there is a video with a visual display of the construction process.

For ease of reading, the article is divided into several chapters:

the first chapter contains general recommendations;
the second chapter presents methods for creating a spiral staircase project that can be applied at work;
the third, fourth and fifth chapters have examples on creating conventional structures from wood, concrete and metal;
the latter offers 10 designs and answers the question about the optimal width.

For convenience, the article has a navigation bar with which you can go to any item and start reading from the desired chapter.

An example of a metal staircase project

How to calculate the stairs to the second floor in a private house with your own hands correctly - general recommendations

The staircase is used for comfortable movement between floors. As a rule, this design is used daily - two-storey houses most often built with the location of bedrooms and a bathroom on the second floor. From this you can get the two most important rules when designing a structure - safety and convenience.

Above the racks

Important: Stairs are a source of increased trauma for people of all ages. A fall can have an extremely negative impact on human health, therefore, it should be made as safe as possible. To do this, there are several ways that allow you to completely minimize the risks.

First of all, it is necessary to make steps of optimal height and width. It’s easy to stumble on too high steps, and it’s extremely difficult to walk along narrow ones, so you can easily slip. It is necessary to take this into account when designing, laying the size in advance in the project.

In the big house

The most optimal step height can be considered 150-200mm. This is enough to take a confident step, without fear of stumbling or incorrectly bringing your foot up. The depth, or width, must be at least 200mm - this requirement is easy to obtain from the average length of a person's leg.

In addition, each staircase needs a railing. They allow you to move with greater comfort and safety - the risk of falling is significantly reduced.

Important: The material must not be slippery. It is better not to make a staircase from tiles or varnished wood - they have a smooth surface, which is very inconvenient for movement. If wood is still used, it is not superfluous to sandpaper or upholster the steps with a carpet.

Above the sofa

Convenience often depends on safety. If the steps are safe, then, at the same time, they will be comfortable. Of course, sometimes for the sake of convenience, you can deviate somewhat from standard sizes- if only a large person will use them, you can make the height of the steps more than 200mm.

Ladder slope versus usability graph

How to make a screw structure yourself

The spiral staircase has its own special appearance, due to which it becomes possible to create a completely different design. Besides, screw design allows you to save a lot of space on both floors, making the room more ergonomic.

screw

Calculation of the spiral staircase to the second floor

In the case of creating a spiral staircase to the second floor, the calculation must begin with the number of steps and the height of their location. Based on what was said in the last chapter, the optimal height between the steps is 200mm, and the depth is 200-300mm. But it must be taken into account that the steps of spiral staircases have the form of expanding cones, therefore, their depth must be calculated in a special way.

With center pillar

For calculation it is better to use mathematical formulas. First, you need to know the circumference of the structure. It is most convenient to do this using the formula 2 * 3.14 * r, where r is the span width. For example, with a span width of 1000mm, the circumference will be 6280mm. To get the step width from outside, it is enough to divide this distance by the number of steps in one span. For example, with 10 steps, the distance will be 628mm, which will allow you to create a flat staircase without voids.

Screw model calculation scheme

The height of the structure is determined by the height of the room, just like when creating a regular staircase. The height between the steps should be equal to the optimum - for example, usually 150-250mm is enough. The optimal height is best calculated from the height of the room. For example, for the height of the ceilings in the room - 2700mm. The steps will be 20mm thick, the ceiling thickness will be 150mm.

Advice: Calculations must start from the floor - the floor is the zero step. First you need to sum up the height of the room and the ceiling, since it is at this distance that the stairs should go. In this case, it is equal to 2850mm. To get the number of steps, it is necessary to divide it by the appropriate height of one step with its height - for example, 220mm. The result, rounded off, is 13 steps. The last, 13th step, in this case, will be the floor of the second floor.

Graphic construction and dimensions

At this stage, it is best to create a project on paper. It is not necessary to make it as accurate as possible in terms of drawing, but even a simple sketch will help to better understand the project.

Dimensions of spiral staircases to the second floor

When calculating the size, it is necessary to build on the most comfortable width of the stairs in 800-1000mm. This is enough to pass even with a large load on your hands, while not restricting your movements (unfortunately, large-sized furniture will still have to be lifted through the windows).

Screw model project

A spiral staircase is a circle, therefore the diameter is equal to the addition of the width of the passages and, if the staircase is built with a central support, the size of the support. On average, the diameter of such a design is 1600-2000mm, which is enough for its convenient use, regardless of the features. More details in the table below

Advice: Very often the size of the stairs depends on the height of the ceiling. For the little one country house it makes no sense to make a very wide staircase - 700mm will be enough to go to the second floor. For the attic, exactly the same rule is followed.

Video spiral staircase project

This video shows how to make stairs to the second floor in a private house with your own hands (diagram and dimensions of the project are attached). The main points of installation are shown, as well as all the features of working with this type of structure.

Do-it-yourself wooden staircase to the second floor

An ordinary staircase can be built according to similar calculations and methods. wooden stairs on the second floor in a private house with their own hands is made much simpler than a screw one, but it takes up relatively more space. Next, consider the main points of the calculation and video instructions.

from wood

Calculation of a wooden staircase to the second floor

In this case, it is necessary to build on the same average values - with a depth of 200-250mm and a height of 200-250mm. The distance must be divided in the same way - by calculating from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second floor.

Calculation example

The calculation of a wooden staircase to the second floor must take into account the length - it is the addition of the depth of all steps. The more there are, the longer the length itself will be. For an ordinary staircase in a room, on average, 10-12 steps are enough, which in total will be equal to 2000-2500mm with a depth of 200mm and 2500-3000mm with a depth of 250mm.

Stair design with 90 degree turn

Advice: The width of such a design should be on average 800-1000mm. This size should provide complete freedom of action. Therefore, if railings are planned, then there should be additional space for them on the steps.

The opening above the structure should begin from the place where less than 2000-2200mm remains from the step to the ceiling - this is enough for any person of height. Do not make the opening too short - savings in this case can result in inconvenience and additional labor costs.

Notation

If you plan to create a turn, then you need to calculate it with the same conditions - the only change is the width of the step - steps in the turn area are calculated similarly to screw ones, but they can be done with emphasis on the wall.

Video instruction

This video is an instruction for the design and installation of a wooden staircase with a 90 degree turn.

Do-it-yourself concrete staircase to the second floor - video instruction

Concrete is an excellent material for stairs - it is very durable and allows you to work with any volume. Often, for such a design, it is enough just to assemble the frame and fill it.

Formwork for concrete structure

Important: It should be noted that the creation of a concrete staircase to the second floor with your own hands requires a very large investment - a completely cast structure takes a huge amount of concrete. Most likely you will have to order a full-fledged concrete mixer - the process will take an extremely long time using the usual manual method.

Cast construction

To facilitate this process the span should be additionally strengthened with different blocks. A good idea is to create a frame from foam blocks, on which the formwork is subsequently laid. This allows you to get additional space under the structure and use it for household needs.

The video below shows the process of assembling the formwork and pouring it, showing the main points of work.

Do-it-yourself metal staircase to the second floor - calculation and video instruction

Metal is an extremely ductile and at the same time durable material. metal staircase to the second floor with your own hands, unfortunately, is not the most comfortable - it is quite difficult to heat it, but the strength will be very high. In addition, a metal staircase takes up little space - this is true for houses with a small total area.

Iron construction

In this case, one of the features of the calculation is the fact that metal step takes up very little space. Usually its size is 5-10mm, and with the entire height of the structure, their total volume rarely exceeds 90-100mm.

The calculations are no different from ordinary stairs, but with the difference that it is necessary to take into account the resistance of materials. For construction, we recommend using metal pipes with a wall thickness of at least 8 mm, and for steps - reinforcement not thinner than 7 mm. At the same time, with wide steps, thickened options should be used that will not bend under the weight of a person.

Do-it-yourself single-march iron staircase to the second floor

Advice: If the design is created from square profiles, it is worth choosing them with a cross section of at least 5 mm - square profiles are much more stable than round ones due to hard edges. You can work with metal both by welding and fasteners.

The video below shows an example of creating a metal staircase structure, which is subsequently sheathed with drywall. It shows the main points of the work.

What should be the width of the stairs to the second floor in a private house - the correct dimensions?

This question is purely personal. Despite the optimal span width of 800-1000mm, this value can seriously vary depending on the personal preferences of the person. It should be borne in mind that the wider the opening, the more resources will be required.

Width examples different types stairs

It is worth separately setting a minimum border of 500mm - a narrower design will be completely inconvenient to use, and it will be quite problematic to move some things or furniture along it. The maximum limit depends solely on the room, but still, you should not make the width more than 2000-2500mm, especially in cases where the staircase is not the main one in the hall.

Do-it-yourself stairs to the second floor in a private house - diagram and drawing of 10 projects

Scheme of stairs with straight marches

Angled 90 degrees

Drawing of a U-shaped staircase with a turntable

Plan wooden model

Detail drawing

Payment

simple staircase

Rotated 180 degrees

Project of a straight marching staircase

Direct two-march

Most private residences today have more than one floor, which means there are stairs to the upper levels. This article will provide instructions on how to properly make a ladder to the second floor out of wood on your own and according to your own project, it will tell you what rules you should follow, as well as how to make calculations.

Calculation of the main parameters

A ladder made by one's own hands will not only be cheaper than ordered in specialized workshops, but it will also exactly meet your requirements and desires. The main thing is to approach its creation with intelligence and patience. To do this, the first step is to take accurate measurements and calculate all important parameters designs.

Consider the calculation of the dimensions of the steps and other parameters of the stairs using the example of a marching structure on stringers - the simplest project. This design consists of load-bearing boards, steps or treads and risers. In addition to the dimensions of the stairs, it is also necessary to determine its slope. It is clearly visible what angle range will be acceptable for the design in the diagram below.

As you can see, the most convenient, and most importantly, safe angle of inclination is considered to be in the range of 23-37 °. When choosing the right slope for your room, it is worth considering that when small area, it is worth choosing the largest angle, then the required space for the structure will be the smallest, and vice versa.

Attention! If the angle of inclination of the stairs is too high, it will be more problematic to lift or move something to the second floor. And if the angle is less than 23 °, then it is easier to install a ramp.

The width of the march is determined by the number of people that can climb it at the same time. At least this value can be about 1 m, but it is recommended to build a structure from 1.25-1.5 m wide. The height of the stairs will be fixed depending on the layout of the house. It is the distance from the floor of the 1st floor to its ceiling plus the thickness of the floor of the second level.

Now we need to calculate how many steps will be needed for our stairs. We carry out the calculation based on the height of the steps recommended for comfortable movement - from 18 to 20 cm. Having chosen the height of the step, you can calculate their number by dividing the fixed height of the entire structure by the height of the step itself, chosen independently.

In addition, it is also necessary to determine the width of the tread, which should vary in the range of 25-30 cm. It depends on the size of the legs of the residents of the house - the length of the foot. By multiplying this value by the number of steps, you can get the projection of the structure on the floor of the first floor. It remains to determine only the length of the entire staircase.

The length is calculated using a simple formula that you probably still remember from the school course - the Pythagorean theorem. The figure above shows all the parameters and the calculation formula. When all the parameters are calculated, you can proceed to the procurement of material and the manufacture of structural elements.

Manufacturing and installation of stairs according to the calculated parameters

Most often today masters use oak as a material for a wooden staircase, coniferous trees, lime and so on. Choose according to the overall style of the interior and your budget possibilities. Excellent railings can be made from a blockhouse, and for balusters you can use wooden blocks 500x500 mm.

To create a kosour with precise recesses for steps, it is necessary to mark up according to the template. Below is an illustrated guide to this event. For marking, you will need a pattern and a square, and of course a pencil. The kosour itself can be made from a timber beam about 14x16 in size.

According to the marked marks, now you need to work with a circular saw. When cutting steps, you must move with extreme caution so as not to go beyond the markings. When one kosour is ready, cut the rest along it.

Note! The more stringers in the design, the stronger and tougher the staircase will come out. It will also avoid unwanted deflections of the steps and loosening of the entire structure.

Now only the cutting of steps and risers remains, the size of the former will depend on the thickness of the latter. In addition, do not forget about the protrusion of the step by about 2-4 cm above the step itself. To create a more attractive appearance of steps, you can process the edges with a round cutter.

When all the details are ready, it is necessary to conduct a trial fitting of the structure. If everything is in order, you can start grinding the parts and assembling the structure. The connection of all the components of the stairs is coated with carpentry or PVA glue, and it is also necessarily fastened with stainless steel screws for reliability.

The final finishing touch will be decoration stairs - varnishing or coating with stain, paint and other means. First of all, a stain is applied, and when the layer dries, you can start varnishing (recommended in more than 1 layer) with a waterproof agent. The stain can also be replaced by drying oil.

Attention! It is even better to cover with a stain before assembling the entire structure, in this case, the joints that will be smeared with glue must be protected with molar tape.

Building a staircase to the second floor is a rather complicated procedure, but with experience and good walkthrough you can handle this on your own. The main difficulty in this case is that the dimensions of the span and the angle of inclination of the structure must be calculated with the utmost accuracy, since both the durability of the structure and the convenience of its operation largely depend on this. Reliable and aesthetically pleasing attractive staircase- a great chance to test yourself and gain valuable experience for subsequent work in your private home.

First, you should decide what role your staircase should play in general interior. Such a design can serve decorative element or be invisible; moreover, the stairs can become central element the whole design, according to which the whole room will be designed. But before choosing a specific option and starting directly manufacturing, it is necessary to find out how this kind of staircase works in general, and determine its required dimensions.

Construction - what are interfloor stairs made of

And they consist of a large number structural elements. You definitely cannot do without some, while the rest, on the contrary, may be absent in some variations of the described design.

Let's start with the fact that in the design in without fail steps must be present, as well as supports supporting them - these are the main elements of any interfloor structure of this type. The step itself is an element consisting of two parts perpendicular to each other. In professional terms, from the riser and the riser. The latter, by the way, serves as a kind of support under the approach, but you can often do without it.

As for the supports, they can be of two types:

kosour (this is a special beam that supports the steps from below);
bowstring (a similar beam for steps, only it supports them at the ends).

The next structural element is the railing. They are extremely important, although they are not available on all types of construction. And if elderly relatives or children live in your house, there is certainly no way without a railing.

Finally, balusters are special vertical supports for railings, often necessary not only for practicality, but also for decoration. For balusters can be used various materials, and the shape of the elements is also different.

Note! Due to the wide variety of stairs, they may have such details that are required exclusively for this design. Let's get acquainted with them.

Boltsy. By them are meant special bolts intended to support the steps. They can be attached both to them and to the walls themselves. They are not often used, but only for some versions of the stairs.
Racks. Such elements are used in the construction of spiral staircases. Steps are attached to one such rack with an appropriate step, having a special shape and forming a spiral, which rises to the second floor from the first.

Which version of the stairs to the second floor to choose for the house?

So, first we determine which ladder we need, and make the appropriate calculations. As a rule, in private houses there are metal, concrete and wooden stairs.

According to their design, they can all be:

screw;
rotary;
straight.

There are, by the way, combined options with varying degrees of complexity, but we will not dwell on them.

Concrete stairs require a very strong base, and the construction itself takes a lot of time, however prefabricated structures are very durable and strong. Installing a metal staircase is nothing complicated, but provided that you know how to work with welding machine. But everyone can build a wooden structure if you familiarize yourself with the algorithm of such a process.

The straight line is considered to be the simplest in construction. marching structure- not a particularly difficult staircase to the second floor with your own hands. It is quite compact, does not include too many details, and complex calculations are not required in this case. If space is limited, then best option- this is a spiral staircase, which, although it looks elegant, is not always convenient to use. For example, it will be difficult for you to lift something heavy or bulky on it. More difficult to install structures that consist of several spans, but they are the most suitable option for buildings with a large distance between floors.

Stairs to the second floor with their own hands made of wood single-flight

This design consists of the following elements:

stringers;
risers;
tread;
railing.

With what each of these elements represents, we have already figured out, so we immediately move on to the main thing.

So, the height of a single-flight staircase to the second floor should be the same as the distance between floors + floors. To simplify the calculation, it is first necessary to determine the dimensions of the steps themselves. If children or elderly relatives live with you, then it is desirable that the steps be 15 centimeters high, in other cases this height can be 20 centimeters. It is undesirable to exceed the latter value, since the ascent will turn out to be steeper, and it will not be so convenient to climb.

As for the width of the steps, it should vary from 20 to 30 centimeters - the specific value depends on how much free space is allocated for the staircase. After all, the wider the steps, the more space will be required. Select the required dimensions, proceed to the calculation of the length of the base and the number of steps. Take the total height of the entire structure and divide by the height of one riser, and round the number you get to the nearest integer and multiply by the tread depth value. For example, the entire staircase to the second floor with your own hands will have a height of 300 centimeters, and the height of each riser will be 20 centimeters.

This will require 15 steps, because:

300:20=15

And if the width of each step is 25 centimeters, then the base should be 37.5 centimeters long (15x25 \u003d 37.5).

Step-by-step instructions for making stairs to the second floor

Having finished with the calculations, start making all the necessary structural elements. Stringers must be made of hard and dense wood, since they will bear both the weight of people and the weight of the entire staircase. Cut out a template from thick cardboard, making cutouts corresponding to the dimensions of the steps, while the slope should be the same as the angle of inclination of the stairs itself. Cut out grooves on the ends of the stringers, through which they will be attached to the ceiling and base, and then mark up in accordance with a pre-made template.

To cope with the subsequent work, you must prepare:

electric jigsaw;
hammer;
grinder;
drill;
level;
and finally anchor bolts.

Take a jigsaw and use it to make protrusions on the stringers in accordance with the markings, then carefully sand both sides. Next, cut out mounting holes in the floor beams or, alternatively, install metal supports. In the place where the first step will be located on the first floor, install the support beam, fixing it with anchor bolts. Then install the stringers, without fail checking the slope through the level. Secure the stringers at the top/bottom with the same anchor bolts.

Now you can make the stairs yourself. Take dry boards whose thickness is at least 3.6 centimeters; the width at this time should be similar to the width of future steps or even slightly larger.

Note! When making risers, you can take boards 2 centimeters thick.

As for the length of the blanks, it should be the same as the width of the entire structure (that is, within 80-120 centimeters).

When finished cutting, carefully sand each piece to remove roughness and sharp cuts. The installation process itself is nothing complicated: coat the lower cutouts on the stringers with wood glue, attach the risers and align everything around the edges. Next, fix them using self-tapping screws, and lay the steps themselves on top. If you do not use glue, then wooden details under load will create squeaks.

Lay all the steps in the same way, and then start attaching the railing. Balusters for railings are made from square bars or, alternatively, figured wooden blanks. You can mount on each step or through one (it all depends on what the characteristics of the span are). Fasten with screws, do not forget to close the hats with decorative caps. If the stairs to the second floor with your own hands will be located approximately in the middle of the room, you can equip the railing immediately on each side.

In the end finished staircase sand well and treat with an antiseptic. Then paint the wood or open it with varnish. It is important that the final surface is not too smooth - the roughness of the steps will significantly increase the safety of the inhabitants of the house. Finish coat Apply two or three layers, and before each new layer, the previous one must dry completely.

Straight concrete stairs

If your house is spacious enough, and interfloor overlap it is made of concrete, then you may well build concrete stairs. As a rule, people often build one of two design options:

monolithic;
combined type (here only the stringer is made of concrete).

Note that option #2 looks much more attractive. However, a concrete staircase requires formwork in any case, as well as a sufficiently strong base that can withstand such a weight.

To get started, prepare everything you need, in particular:

moisture resistant plywood (can be replaced edged board, upholstered with PET film);
concrete;
strong bars 10x10 centimeters in cross section;
self-tapping screws;
fittings or special knitting wire.

Note! The thickness of the board for the construction of formwork should be 3 centimeters, and plywood - at least 1.8 centimeters. Calculate all the necessary dimensions in the same way as for the design from the previous paragraph of the article, however strength characteristics bases are required maximum.

Start work with the construction of formwork: take plywood or boards, knock them down in accordance with a pre-drawn drawing, avoiding cracks and observing the required slope.

When the formwork is ready, install it between floors and fix it with the same bars. Then lay out the reinforcement bars inside the formwork, tie them with steel wire. Where the railing will be installed, fix the wooden plugs, and only after that fill the entire box with cooked concrete mortar. It is important that the formwork be filled immediately, in one go, otherwise the solidity of the future structure will be broken.

After the concrete has set, dismantle the box, and moisten the formed steps with water from time to time, otherwise their surface may crack. Start finishing only when the concrete gains strength and dries completely. During the construction of stairs of the combined type, stringers are poured in the same way, and the formwork should be narrower (which is typical, the installation of steps should be taken into account here).

Ready monolithic structure you can decorate with stone, wood, decorative tiles and other finishing materials. Before proceeding directly to the cladding, consider the weight - for example, the same tile will put a much greater load on the foundation than wood. You can attach any steps to concrete stringers, but they will look especially attractive with a tree.

Video - Self-made stairs

How to build a metal staircase

It is not so difficult to assemble such a structure, but this will require skills in working with a welding machine and metal elements in general.

So, to get started, prepare the following materials and equipment:

grinder with a grinding nozzle;
channel number 10;
file;
iron corners;
metal in sheets;
actually welding.

First, take a channel, cut it into segments and assemble a frame from them of such dimensions as the stairs to the second floor will be with your own hands. Next, take the corners and weld them to the ends of the resulting frame with the same step equal to the height of the steps. It is important that all corners are exactly perpendicular to each other. To facilitate the installation of the structure, you can weld the steps after the frame has been mounted and fixed.

TO top floor qualitatively attach the upper elements of the frame, using anchor bolts for this purpose. Attach the lower ends to the floor of the lower floor. After that, weld the steps made of sheet metal and install the railing. When finished with the assembly, carefully sand the joints special nozzle or, alternatively, ordinary files. At the end, treat the entire structure with an anti-corrosion primer.

How to make a spiral staircase

The main advantages of a spiral staircase are excellent decorative properties, as well as the fact that such a design does not take up much space. For example, a staircase 2.5 meters high will consist of 16-17 steps, while the base will be approximately 2 meters in diameter. One of the most popular ways to build spiral staircases to the second floor is to “string” triangular / trapezoidal steps onto a central axis. In this case, the width of the wide part will be from 30 to 35 centimeters, and the narrow one - only 15 centimeters.

For self-manufacturing stairs to the second floor will need:

two steel pipes by 5 and 5.5 centimeters;
primer mixture;
wooden slats with which the template will be made;
file;
corners;
welding machine.

A pipe with a smaller diameter will serve us as the main rack, therefore, its length should be the same as the interfloor distance. It is also recommended to concrete the staircase near the base to make it more stable (do not forget to set the structure vertically in advance). A large pipe must be cut into cylinders, the length of which is approximately 15 centimeters. Make sure all cuts are at a 90 degree angle, otherwise you won't be able to align all the steps horizontally.

Note! Cylinders should be put on the main pipe as tightly as possible, and there should not be any backlash. If the docking turns out to be loose, you will have to use sealing rings.

To make steps, you will need a template made from wooden slats. Glue the latter in such a way that the corners placed in the frame form steps of the required dimensions.

Weld each rung to the corresponding cylinder, then sand thoroughly. When all the necessary elements are ready, begin to assemble the entire structure. Put the steps on the axle, set the corners and weld securely.

The last step is the installation of railings and the final finishing of the entire structure. For the manufacture of railings, you can use:

fittings;
thin profile;
chrome-plated pipes of small diameter.

They will look very impressive and forged railing. At the same time, do not forget that all metal surfaces must be carefully sanded primer mixture and paint.

The spiral staircase to the second floor is assembled in a similar way, for which wooden steps. Wood blanks should be made in the form of trapeziums, after which a hole with a diameter of 5 centimeters is made in the narrow part. Further, using special seals, the steps must be strung on the axis and fixed there. At the end, railings are attached, the wood is primed, painted and decorated with decor.

Features of assembling stairs to the second floor on the rails with your own hands

As a result, one more interesting option should be considered on how a staircase to the second floor is built with one's own hands. In this case, we will talk about the design on the bolts, which got its name from him. Bolzen, which translates as "bolt". In other words, we are talking about a structure that is fixed on special bolts. Although in reality these are not even bolts, but fasteners made in the form of pins, at the ends of which there is a thread. Thanks to the bolts, the railings and steps are interconnected and also attached to the wall. As a result, we get an airy and light staircase that can decorate any private house. Moreover, in this case there are no risers at all.

Among other things, stairs of this type are both quite compact and stretched on a specific section of the wall. Despite the fact that these structures seem light, in reality they are strong and durable, they can easily withstand several hundred kilograms, which is why, in fact, they acquire last years increasing popularity.

Note! It is quite obvious that it is impossible to install such a staircase in the center of the room, because, as we have already found out, the fastening is carried out to the wall. But most importantly, for the construction you need to use only high-quality and durable materials.

It is extremely difficult to calculate such a ladder with your own hands, but it can be purchased at ready-made or order specialists in individual project. For more details on the installation of this design, see the video below.

That's all, good luck and warm winters!

Video - How to install a wooden ladder on the rails

Low-rise building we are talking O residential buildings, implies the construction of at least two-level buildings. Therefore, to move to the second floor, you cannot do without an internal staircase. Acquisition ready kit, firstly, it will be quite expensive (at least 35,000 rubles), and secondly, it must be adapted to specific premises even before installation, or be reconstructed (re-planned). And this is an additional cost and time.

In most cases, it is more expedient to make a staircase to the second floor with your own hands, especially since it will turn out to be approximately the same in terms of time. The most simple and inexpensive option- wood construction. This article will explain in detail all the nuances of choosing lumber, drawing up a staircase drawing and the features of its assembly.

In relation to a private house, two are most common - a spiral staircase and a mid-flight staircase. The first option is quite complicated, and it is unlikely that it will be possible to implement it with your own hands, without practical skills and experience in this area. You have to make specific engineering calculations, which means that without the help of a professional, at least at this stage of preparation, one cannot do. Focusing only on the schemes available on the Internet is not entirely correct. They do not take into account the specifics of a particular structure, so they will definitely have to be processed taking into account the characteristics of its dimensions, layout and a number of other factors. And the installation of a spiral staircase itself, especially a wooden one, is far from a simple process.

For DIY assembly optimal solution- marching wooden staircase. Based on the height of the premises on the first floor, there can be one or two spans (swivel structure).

But in the details, even completely identical stairs can differ greatly. And this is easily explained by the fact that making with your own hands implies an element of creativity. Since all private houses differ in many ways (dimensions, ceiling heights, layout, internal filling), then following a single standard is a hopeless business. By the way, the author has already drawn the attention of the reader to this. Therefore, below are only general recommendations that will help you correctly draw up a drawing of a wooden staircase, taking into account all the features of the structure, and install it in place.

general information

There are several options for the execution of mid-flight stairs. Their main varieties are shown in the figures below. It is not difficult to decide which modification to choose for installation with your own hands, knowing all the features of the house and the premises of the first and second floors.

When describing any product or prefabricated structure, one cannot do without special terminology. The following drawings explain well what the main elements of the stairs are called.

Preparation of materials

When choosing a tree species, if you focus on a reasonable combination of quality / price, it is recommended to give preference to pine or larch. The latter is even better, as it is less prone to decay. In addition, when the liquid is absorbed, it only becomes stronger. Since in any residential area there will definitely be evaporation - more than relevant, especially if in adjoining room there is a kitchen. All other species - cedar, oak and a number of others - are unlikely to belong to budget options wooden stairs.
The durability of the structure largely depends on the degree of drying of the lumber. If the wood in this regard is not sufficiently processed, then such a ladder will “lead” quite quickly. Drying the boards with your own hands is a process that is both troublesome and complicated. You will need not only a place for their storage, but also knowledge of all the features of the methodology. You will have to ensure the constancy of temperature, high-quality ventilation, and so on. The conclusion is unequivocal - it is not advisable to save on the material for a wooden staircase. That is, if you buy boards, then only a high degree of drying, although they are more expensive.

Calculation of the main parameters of the stairs

Width

When determining this parameter, one should be guided by such moments. Firstly, whether it will be convenient to move up the stairs at the same time, towards each other. Secondly, will it be possible to transfer oversized cargo from floor to floor (furniture, household appliances etc). For a private house recommended width of the internal stairs – 130±20.

Ladder height

When calculating this parameter, inexperienced "home masters" are guided by the ceiling of the first floor room. This is not true. When drawing up a staircase drawing, not only this parameter is taken into account, but also the total thickness of the ceiling and floor of the second room (together with finishing). That is, the last step should be on the same level with it.

span height

The distance between the steps and the ceiling of the second floor (ceiling) is implied. It is clear that moving up the stairs, constantly bending your head is not an option to save space. Basically, the masters are guided by 200. This is enough, since rarely anyone has growth that exceeds this value.

Steepness of a wooden staircase

A slope of 40 ± 5º is considered optimal. Exceeding this value will complicate the climb to the second floor for the elderly, young children, as well as those whose physical capabilities are limited for some reason. But even a more flat design has a number of disadvantages. The consumption of wood is increasing, and much more space will be needed for its installation. Here you need to choose the most suitable option for a particular house.

steps

Tread. You should focus on the 45th size of a person's foot, then it will be convenient for everyone to walk up the stairs. Based on this, the recommended step width is within 28 ± 2.

Riser. The optimal value, regardless of design features wooden stairs, 18±2. It will be convenient for both children and a tall person to move along it.

Number of steps. This requires a calculation. The distance between adjacent ones is simply determined - the thickness of their board + risers. When a fractional value is received, it is rounded up to an integer value. It remains only to divide the height of the stairs by it.

What to consider:

The dimensions of all steps of the flight ladder must be identical. That is, it is enough to make calculations for only one.
If there are more than 18 steps, then it is recommended to provide a platform in the design of the stairs (hence, at least 2 marches). It is called differently - viewing, turning, intermediate - but you need to mount it. Another question - where exactly should it be located - strictly in the center of the span, closer to the top of the stairs? Here it is worth thinking, in accordance with the features of the house and the convenience of moving to the second floor.

Ladder length

This is the last step in the calculations. The initial data are the parameters of the steps and their number. As practice shows, when drawing up a drawing of a staircase on its own, it often does not fit in terms of the estimated length to the premises of the first floor. How to proceed? There are several options:

Add one march. This solution is more complicated, since it will be necessary to mount an additional platform, and, therefore, to re-perform the main calculations.
Provide for several turning (winder) steps in the design of the stairs. The option is simpler and more convenient for doing it yourself. It is he who is most often implemented.

Features of mounting a wooden staircase

Regardless of its design, all basic technological operations are identical. If you understand the nuances of building a single-flight staircase, then it will not be difficult to assemble it according to any other scheme.

The specifics of the preparation of components

Steps. For them, board segments are selected that do not have any defects in the form of chips, cracks, curvature. Their recommended thickness, taking into account the expected loads, is 35 ± 5. More impractical, since both the consumption of material and the total weight of the structure increase. Less undesirable for reasons of safety when moving up stairs (taking into account the loads carried).

At the stage of preparing the steps, it is necessary to round off the sharp edges of the fragments of the boards in order to eliminate the risk of injury. In addition, their front surface and ends must be carefully sanded - no chips, burrs, and so on. Here you will be most welcome. The length of the steps is selected depending on the chosen scheme of the wooden staircase. But their protrusions beyond the stringers by more than 3 (cm) are undesirable.

Riser. They are not load-bearing elements, and often play only a decorative role. Here you can save a little on them using a board for 10 or 15. By the way, some wooden stairs are assembled without them. Such structures look even more impressive, and, in addition, the cleaning of spans is greatly simplified.

Kosoura. These are supporting elements for the entire staircase, so the lumber for them should be chosen especially carefully. Particular attention is paid to the equality of all parameters. Both stringers should be like "twin brothers", otherwise the staircase after assembly will turn out to be asymmetric, with distortions, curvature, and so on. The figures show some variants of stringers.

The feasibility of making do-it-yourself fencing elements is in question. Well, if it is possible to process balusters, handrails on machine tools. Otherwise, it's better to buy ready samples. Given the fact that it is they (especially with a side view) that are the first to catch the eye, such costs are fully justified.

The nuances of installing a wooden staircase

Kosour fastening. Fixing the extreme on the wall is possible only if the base is strong enough (a house made of bricks, timber, and so on). In other cases, the entire staircase structure is mounted on racks.

To prevent movement of the lower part, a support bar is installed on the floor of the first floor. The top of the span is attached to the ceiling itself (you will need to make a cutout in the beam along its width) or “fastened” to it anchor bolts. The stringers themselves must also be fastened together so that they are not “led” during the drying process of the wood. For example, yes.

Riser. If it is decided to use them in the staircase scheme, then they are mounted on stringers.

Steps. In order not to be mistaken, their installation begins from the bottom of the structure. Side mounts - on the support beams, if there are risers, then at least at one point (in the center) on them.

Balusters. First, only two are mounted - the upper and lower. A cord is stretched between them. Focusing on it, it is easy to install stairs along the flights and align all the others.

Handrail attachment. When it comes to a wooden staircase, this does not a priori mean that these elements must also be made of wood. It is quite difficult to make them from it with your own hands. Here you will need not only experience, but also the appropriate tool. Options for handrails - plastic or metal.

Final stage

After checking the symmetry of the structure, the reliability of all connections, a number of measures are taken:

Grinding of all structural parts.
Impregnation with special / compositions (from fire, rot, wood-boring insects).
Surface finish. The painting option is not for a private house. It is advisable to treat the stairs with a tinting compound, and on top or with a wax-containing solution. But this is at the discretion of the owner, depending on general style room finishing.