Hevea jatoba and other species. Where does Hevea grow? Use of Hevea Brazilian wood

Hevea, the solid wood furniture in question, has unique properties. Hevea is a member of the mahogany family, which also includes piankado, keruing, napauk, teak, thinvin, etc. All these species are distinguished by the extraordinary hardness and strength of wood, resistance to decay, durability, and at the same time they can be processed well. Hevea brasiliensis is a genus of evergreen trees in the Euphorbia family. In nature, Hevea grows in the tropical rainforests of the Amazon River Valley.

From the milky juice of hevea, rubber is obtained, for which the cutting of trees of 10-12 years of age is used. This juice protects the tree from various pests, due to which the internal structure of the tree always remains intact and has no damage. Process Due to the presence of natural rubber in the wood structure, which holds the fibers together, hevea furniture has such a high strength - it is classified as HARDWOOD (hardwood). Hevea is comparable in strength to European oak.
Hevea wood has a weak texture, as it does not have annual rings formed from the change of seasons. This noble tree has soft cream-colored wood, which is pierced with small brown veins at the roots, and above it has an even cream color, turning into light pink closer to the crown. This difference makes it possible to create exclusive furniture using the play of wood texture and its various shades. Solid wood is easier and more precise to process than other woods, allowing designers to express their ideas freely and furniture makers to achieve clean lines and sophisticated shapes.
longdesc="" Hevea is native to South America but is now cultivated in many tropical countries. Malaysia is a major supplier of latex and receives a steady supply of timber from rubber plantations. Collection The fact is that only a young tree is suitable for collecting juice, so mature trees are cut down, and new ones are planted instead. Together with rubber, wood and its products are the most important line of Malay exports, so it is not surprising that the "golden tree", as the Malays call hevea, has the status of a national treasure in the country.

Since ancient times, figurines have been cut out of hevea, openwork picture frames were made, and furniture was decorated with skillful carvings - elegant patterns give it a unique charm. In ancient times, this wood was considered magical; special things used in rituals were made from it. Currently, not only furniture is produced from hevea, but also beautiful and extra-strong parquet, decorative panels, kitchen utensils and much more.

Hevea brazilian(lat. Hēvea brasiliēnsis) - plant; species of the genus Hevea of ​​the Euphorbiaceae family (Euphorbiaceae), the main source of natural rubber.

The whey remaining after the separation of the rubber contains about 0.6% protein and can be added to animal feed. The seeds contain 35-37% drying oil suitable for the production of drying oil.

Hevea Brazilian tree description

An evergreen tree up to 20-30 m high. The trunk is straight, up to 30-50 cm thick, with a whitish bark. All parts of the plant contain milky sap (latex).
The leaves are trifoliate, leathery, oval in shape with a pointed apex,
their length reaches 15 cm. They are collected in bunches at the ends of the branches. The leaves of Hevea brazilian are replaced annually.
The plant is monoecious with unisexual flowers. The flowers are small, white-yellow, collected in loose brushes.
The fruit is a tricuspid capsule with three ovoid, 2.5-3 mm long, seeds with a dense shell.

Hevea Brazilian, is a plant of the humid tropics. For normal growth, hevea requires a climate with a uniform average temperature of about 25-27 ° C and 1500-2000 mm of precipitation per year.
Hevea is not very demanding on the soil, although it grows better on humus-rich soils with a high level of groundwater. It is grown mainly on the plains and lower slopes of the mountains: in higher terrain, tree growth slows down and plantation productivity decreases.

The Pará rubber tree originally grew only in the Amazon rainforest. Increasing demand and the discovery of vulcanization in 1839 led to a rubber boom in the region, enriching the cities of Berlen and Manus. The name of the tree comes from Para, the second largest Brazilian state, whose capital is Belém.
The trees of Hevea brasilensis were used to produce rubber by the local people who inhabited these lands. Among the Olmec peoples who inhabited Mesoamerica at that time, rubber balls were found, made from primitive rubber, which was obtained from trees that also produce latex, these trees were called Castilla elastica Castilla Elastica. The first mention of this plant was 3600 years ago. The ancient Olmecs used the rubber balls used in the Mesoamerican ball game.

The content of rubber in the milky juice of this tree, growing in the Amazon basin, reaches 40-50%. The demand for rubber arose in the 19th century. and increased sharply after, having discovered the process of vulcanization, people learned how to get rubber. Rubber material has become widely used in many industries. In the middle of the XIX century. The Brazilian state of Para was considered the supplier of the best rubber, where it was obtained from the milky juice of the wild-growing hevea brazilian. In 1875, the British brought a large consignment of hevea seeds from Brazil and began to grow this tree in Sri Lanka and Singapore. Soon, the vast plantations of hevea in Southeast Asia began to produce cheaper rubber than that supplied from Brazil.

Hevea brazilian is native to South America, but subsequently the disease of epiphytosis practically destroyed the plant on the mainland. Even then, the competition of the Amazonian culture from the hevea culture in Asia was very high. Back in 1876, the British took a large number of hevea seeds from Brazil, and planted this crop in Southeast Asia. Currently, Hevea brazilian is widely cultivated in tropical Asia. There are large plantations of Hevea brazilian and in some African countries, for example, in Nigeria.

Green color indicates the places where Hevea Brazilian grows

Hevea brasiliensis was amphidiploidized from two unknown diploid species.
The main hevea hybrids planted on plantations are GT1 and RIM600. The planting density of Hevea GT1 hybrid seedlings is 555 pcs. per 1 hectare, and Hevea hybrid RIM600 - 408 pcs. per 1 hectare. Both Hevea Brazilian hybrids are drought tolerant. During cultivation, seedlings are treated with insecticides and herbicides during their growth period, especially during the monsoon rains from July to November.

Hevea Braziliana is a tree from which rubber is extracted - the main raw material for the production of rubber and rubber products. Natural latex obtained from Givea Brazili is used in the manufacture of latex balloons.

The maximum productivity of the Hevea plantation of 2 tons of latex per 1 ha is achieved in the 8th, sometimes in the 9th year after planting and lasts up to 30 years. In the next period, the productivity of rubber extraction noticeably decreases to 1 ton. After 40 years of operation, the plantations are subject to cutting down.

To collect the latex, make fresh grooved, spiral cuts in the bark so as not to damage the cambium, and attach a cup to the tree to collect the sap. Latex is released from the incision for 3-5 hours, and most intensively - early in the morning. Collect latex almost all year round, except for periods of intense leaf change and heavy rains.

Use of Hevea Brazilian wood

Latex production declines as the rubber tree ages. After the trees reach the age of 25-30 years, as a rule, hevea brazilian, by this age, rubber releases very little. Old trees are cut down. Previously, all the wood from felled trees was burned in rubber sheet smokehouses. Today, this wood is used to make furniture.

What is good furniture made of solid wood hevea
For example, the small state of Malaysia. In this country there are large plantations of Hevea Brazil for the extraction of rubber. In Malaysia, furniture production from this tree is very developed. Malaysia ranks tenth on the list of global exporters of high quality furniture, with furniture exports worth $3 billion a year. The main reason for the developed furniture industry is the use of the so-called "golden tree" from which Malaysian furniture is made. Under the "golden tree" is meant the tree of Hevea of ​​Brazil. That's right, hevea is called by the Malaysians themselves. We call it the rubber tree.

Probably, many believe that natural rubber has long become an anachronism like parchment books or starch paste. We believe that in the 21st century it has certainly been replaced by synthetic rubber, about which everyone vaguely remembers something from the school curriculum. But it turns out that natural rubber is still mined, moreover, without it, the production of modern car tires and many other necessary products is impossible.

natural rubber

I confess that I myself was completely ignorant of the fate of natural rubber, until by chance I found myself on a hevea plantation, which literally serves as its source. This happened not in Brazil, where the hevea comes from, and not in Malaysia, where its most extensive plantings are located today, but in Mexico. Here, this tropical tree is respected and serves to replenish the national treasury.

Rubber growing is one of the youngest branches of crop production (and it is closer to forestry than to agriculture). Wild plants have been used to produce rubber for a long time, but their cultivation began less than three-quarters of a century ago.

Almost all heveas (heveas), and there are about 20 species of them in the genus, grow in South America and are known only to a few specialists in the Euphorbiaceae family. But one species has gained immense popularity. This is Hevea Brazilian (Hevea brasiliensis) - an evergreen tree, reaching 30 m in height and 75 cm in trunk diameter. In the wild, it is found in the forests of the Amazon. All parts of the plant contain milky juice (latex), which contains up to 50 percent rubber.

The natives extracted juice from hevea, and cover their canvas raincoats with it to make them waterproof.

"Tears of a Tree"

The first information about rubber can be found in the Spanish historian Antonio Guerrera, whom Philip II appointed historiographer of both the Indies and Castile. In describing the second voyage of Columbus, Guerrera mentions that the Indians of newly discovered lands use the resinous sap of some trees to make elastic balls or balls. Somewhat later, in 1615, in his Monarquia Indiana (Indiana Monarchy), Juan de Torquemada describes how the natives extract sap from trees and cover their canvas cloaks with it to make them waterproof.

However, only a century and a half later, Europeans learned what kind of tree it was and how juice was obtained from it. The famous French surveyor Charles Marie de la Condamine (1701–1774) figured this out. Already at the age of 29, he became a member of the French Academy of Sciences and in 1735 went on an expedition to South America, where he spent more than 10 years. In Ecuador, he managed to find a hevea, which the Indians called "cao-chu", which means "tears of a tree." Condamine turned out to be the first European to see the entire process of rubber production - from the first cuts in the trunk to the manufacture of raw rubber mass by smoking latex in the smoke of a fire. He saw rubber galoshes, bottles, pipettes and other household items, which he did not hesitate to inform his academic colleagues upon his return to Paris.

But, as, alas, often happens, the stunning news did not cause serious consequences. Except that the great English chemist Joseph Priestley began to use a piece of imported rubber as an eraser for erasing pencil notes. For a long time, this remained the only useful use of rubber.

Rubber conquers Europe

In 1791, the ice broke: the English industrialist Samuel Peel was given the privilege of using rubber to make waterproof fabrics. Since that time, interest in rubber in Europe began to grow rapidly. Inventions related to its use fell one after another.

In 1813, John Clark discovered that turpentine dissolves rubber and used the solution to make air mattresses. In 1823, the enterprising Scottish manufacturer and inventor Charles Mackintosh discovered that rubber was soluble in coal oil. From this solution, a waterproof fabric was obtained, from which the inventor began to make an outer dress, which later received its name from him - a mac. Raincoats were in great demand, especially in rainy England.

Gradually, rubber gained more and more popularity. The need for it was growing rapidly. In Russia, the first rubber factory started operating in 1832. Industry specialized mainly in the production of rubber galoshes.

Hevea conquest

Like many different kinds of plant resins, essential oils, gums, rubber is a waste product of the plant organism. They get it from hevea in the same way as we have resin from pine - by tapping.

The method of tapping rubber trees and making latex has changed little over the centuries. It consists in the fact that horizontal notches are made on a tree with a sharp knife to a depth of several centimeters. Juice flows out of the incision only for a few hours, until the wound heals. The next day, new notches are made 20-30 cm lower, this procedure is repeated every day until they reach the base of the trunk, after which they move to the other side of the tree. The juice flowing from the incisions is collected in cups (earlier clay, now plastic), from where it is poured into one wide open vessel. The Indians smoked the latex collected in this way in the smoke of a fire, which gave the rubber resistance to oxidation and the effects of microorganisms. Now rubber from latex is isolated by coagulation with formic, oxalic or acetic acid.

The rapidly growing demand for rubber provoked its predatory harvesting in Brazil. In search of hevea, Indians-collectors were forced to go further and further into the jungle, and from there deliver raw materials along the Amazon and its tributaries to the "rubber capital" - the city of Manaus.

In 1876, Wickham, despite the law in Brazil prohibiting the export of hevea seeds, nevertheless collected 70,000 seeds and delivered them to England, to the famous Botanical Garden in Kew. Of this batch, only 2800 seeds were viable and produced seedlings. Most of them were transported to the island of Ceylon and planted in the Botanical Garden in Peradeniya. These seedlings laid the foundation for the organization of industrial plantations of the Brazilian hevea in the Old World. Initially, the hevea culture was domesticated in Ceylon, then on the Malay Peninsula, in Indonesia, in Vietnam - almost everywhere where there are favorable conditions for it. Here, on the fertile plains, it has become much cheaper to grow hevea, although its new highly productive varieties have returned to the American continent. It was on one of the Mexican plantations of the "new" hevea that I had to visit.

The industrial cultivation of hevea turned out to be much more effective than searching for it in the inaccessible jungle. Almost all natural rubber is now obtained from the huge man-made hevea plantations.

The technical maturity of a tree on an industrial plantation occurs in the 10–12th year. It easily endures tapping for 20-30 years. On average, one tree produces up to 3-4 kg, and the best - 8-14 kg of rubber per year (this is 1500-1800 kg / ha). If in 1912 about 70% of world production was natural rubber from wild-growing hevea, then already in 1922 it was only 6.6% of rubber, and now it is less than 2%.

recent history

With the invention of rubber tyres, car tires and cylinders, the need for rubber increased immeasurably. It was no longer about raincoats and galoshes. Rubber became a strategic commodity. But rubber production in industrialized countries, including Russia, was still dependent on the supply of rubber from tropical countries.

For years, chemists around the world have struggled to develop a synthetic replacement for rubber. The merit of developing a modern technology for its production belongs to a number of chemists: Russian B.V. Byzov and I.I. Ostromyslensky, German G. Staudinger, Americans E. Farmer and E. Guta.

Synthetic rubber could not completely replace natural rubber. Russia is stillneeds rubber supplies from tropical countries.

Thanks to the creation of synthetic rubbers, the consumption of natural rubber began to decline. However, in many industrial applications, synthetic rubber still needs to be blended with natural rubber. Not all (and not every) modern car tire is made from natural rubber anymore; According to a number of physical and chemical properties, natural rubber is indispensable in the production of only some of its parts. It goes to the manufacture of conveyor belts, drive belts, shock absorbers, seals, electrical insulating materials, to obtain rubber adhesives. Rubbers made from natural rubber are characterized by good elasticity, wear and frost resistance and high dynamic properties, although they have low resistance to solvents and oils.

Since ancient times, this plant has been called the "golden tree". And this is well deserved, as it is the best rubber tree in the world. It makes an excellent wood, widely used in the manufacture of furniture.

We are talking about hevea, which belongs to the most valuable species of redwood. It is durable and strong, all thanks to the content of sticky veins inside its trunk. The article presents a photo of a hevea tree, description, growth features and much more.

Spreading

Hevea is native to Brazil (South America). After a certain time, the plant spread to other continents. Now it is cultivated in the territories of Southeast Asia and South America. Hevea tree habitats: Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Peru. It is also grown in tropical Africa (Congo, Nigeria, Liberia). Under natural conditions, Brazilian hevea can be found in the tropical jungle. It is actively grown on vast artificial plantations, but it can also be seen among the collections of botanical gardens.

Best of all, hevea took root in the so-called rubber belt (width 2600 meters) of the equator. These places are characterized by humid warm air and fairly fertile soil, which is very suitable for this plant.

Wood characteristics

Hevea is an evergreen tropical plant of the Euphorbiaceae family. This genus of trees includes about 20 species, and the most famous of them is Hevea Brazilian. She received quite wide recognition as the best rubber plant in the world.

The tree is quite tall (20-35 meters, rarely up to 50 meters) with a bare lower part of a straight trunk up to 50 cm in diameter. Its bark is brownish-gray in color. The leaves are slightly pointed, oval. Flowers of a light yellow hue are collected in bunches at the tips of the branches. In the bark of the tree there are many vessels through which milky juice (latex) circulates.

Properties and value of the plant

Hevea, as noted above, is a valuable rubber plant of global importance. Almost all parts of the tree accumulate latex. Fresh milky juice extracted from this plant contains about 75% water, about 30-36% rubber, about 1.5% protein, 2% resins, about 1.5-4% sugars, 0.5% or more ash . On average, up to 500 kg of rubber is collected from 1 ha, and on the best plantations this value reaches up to 2600 kg per year.

The hevea tree has a very strong and durable wood. This is due to the fact that it is precisely due to the content of rubber in the wood structure that the fibers are well fastened. This material is resistant to elevated air temperatures, high humidity, rot and pests.

Moreover, the wood of this tree is processed quite simply, and polished almost to a mirror finish. It has a subtle texture. And this is due to the fact that annual rings, which are formed in almost all trees as a result of changing climatic conditions during the seasons, are absent in the hevea tree.

Thailand and Brazil are the largest suppliers of timber for this amazing plant. Today hevea is actively cultivated in Thailand. The main share of rubber falls on the largest plantations, in which factories are built. They process the collected latex and produce sheet rubber.

An interesting story of the emergence of plantations in Thailand

Today, the island of Phuket in Thailand has extensive hevea plantations. After the discovery of rubber, there was a need for the extraction of rubber. Brazil at that time was the only country producing natural rubber. In this regard, the state tried to preserve the source of such wealth as long as possible - it was forbidden to export seedlings and seeds of hevea from the country. However, one British spy was able to smuggle out hevea seeds by hiding them in the holds of his ship.

Approximately 70,000 seeds of a unique plant ended up in Kew (the famous botanical garden), in which only about 2,000 seedlings sprouted. They were sent to the British colonies. Unexpectedly for Brazil, the first hevea plantations were planted in Southeast Asia.

Application

As it became clear from the above, the main purpose of the hevea tree is the extraction of natural rubber.

The highest productivity is achieved in the 8-9th year after planting, and it lasts up to 30 years. Then it decreases, and old trees are cut down. Young growth is planted in their place. This process occurs constantly on an area of ​​approximately 10 million hectares of land in Asia (southeast) intended for artificial plantations of this plant.

This activity allows the owners of such gardens to produce not only valuable rubber, but also a large amount of wood used in the manufacture of a wide variety of products. This is a unique non-waste activity. Today, the most widely used in the furniture industry is Brazilian hevea, which grows wild in the forests of the Amazon basin.

Once the Mayans learned how to make balls from rubber juice, they came up with a game reminiscent of today's football. The property of the balls to bounce off the surface prompted the priests to perceive this as magic. Therefore, rubber balls were also used for magical rituals, and sanctuaries and temples were decorated with various objects made of hevea.

Rubber production has become one of the most important industrial sectors today, and the sale of wood and various products from it is an important part of the export of tropical countries, especially Thailand.

Finally

It is not for nothing that the hevea rubber tree in sultry regions is called the "golden tree". It has the status of a national treasure, so the export of Hevea seedlings and seeds abroad is strictly protected by law.

Finally, it should be noted that the word "rubber" in translation from the Indian language (the words "kau" and "teaching" respectively "tree" and "cry") means "weeping tree" or "tears of a tree". And this was invented due to the fact that the dripping juice from a damaged tree reminded the Indians of tears.

In the world there is a problem of environmental pollution due to production waste, fumes and the distribution of non-perishable materials. This can lead to a global environmental catastrophe. To prevent such consequences, it is necessary to switch to harmless production of natural products.

One such material is the Hevea sap product. Rubber (latex) applied in many areas of life. It is a safe product for human health. This is the processed hardened tree sap of the Hevea plant.

The Indians honored the spirit of the rubber tree by collecting "rubber milk". They carved protective amulets and magical paraphernalia from the array. The name itself is translated from the ancient Indian as “tears of a tree” - kau (tree) and uchu (tears).

Hevea (Hevea), or rubber tree, belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family, genus Hevea. The plant is evergreen and thermophilic.

Its white-yellowish milky juice has unique properties similar to rubber in terms of elasticity and strength.

For this reason, the alternative name for its juice is "rubber". This genus contains 9 main species. The most popular of them was Hevea Brazilian, as the most unpretentious source of high-quality raw materials.

Description

Hevea looks like a narrow and long plant due to a straight, even bare trunk and a narrow crown. It is also a tropical plant. In height, it reaches a maximum of 40 meters, but on average 25 meters, with a trunk diameter of 40-60 cm.

Leaves on the tree:

• Dark green.
• Oval shape.
• With a sharp outer end.
• Oily.
• With thin veins.
• Up to 16 cm long.

They change slowly, constantly falling out one at a time, which is characteristic of all evergreen trees and shrubs. The rubber plant blooms in spring with whitish-yellow small flowers, united in inflorescences.

It belongs to the monoecious species, since each specimen contains flowers of both sexes. The plant bears fruit once a year. The fruits are similar to chestnuts. Inside are small seeds up to 3 mm with oil (up to 40%), from which natural drying oil is produced.

Rubber juice begins to be produced in sufficient quantities for the 8th year of life from the moment of planting. It is released from the trunk and branches in a volume of up to 200 ml per day.

It contains:

• 60% water.
• 35% latex.
• 1.5–2% proteins and carbohydrates.
• 2% resin.

Flowing out through a cut in the trunk, the juice thickens, becoming yellow-brown in color. This is the resin of the rubber tree. On average, you can collect up to 2500 kg of "rubber milk" per year. The amount and composition of the juice directly depends on the mineral composition of the soil and the level of moisture.

This crop requires fertile soil and high tropical humidity, with about 1500 liters of precipitation per year, as well as warmth and sunlight, the optimum air temperature is +25 degrees. When the temperature drops below 20 degrees, the juice is not produced, and the kidneys may die.

Where does the rubber tree grow?

Initially, hevea spread within the basin of the South American Amazon River. By the end of the 18th century, Europeans discovered that the natives often used rubber in everyday life. The settlers took advantage of the knowledge of the Indians by planting a tree in other regions of America and Asia:

• Indonesia.
• Ceylon.
• India.
• Taiwan.
• Sri Lanka.
• Vietnam.
• Congo.
• Nigeria.
• Cambodia.
• Myanmar.
• Bolivia.
• Colombia.
• Peru.
• Liberia, on special plantations.

All species have one thing in common: they grow in the equatorial tropical zone. For the growth of this plant, a humid and hot climate is necessary, the subtropics are no longer suitable for these conditions.

In Thailand, the tree is known as "golden". The production of mattresses and wood materials are strategically important for the development of the economy of this country. Thus, the plant brings money to the people of Thailand or, in earlier times, gold.

Hevea brazilian, cultivation

This crop grows in acidic soils rich in humus, nitrogen and phosphate in a common root system. Plantations are planted with specially treated seeds, at a distance of 2-3 meters in rows. The distance between rows should be 5-6 meters.

The gaps are planted with coffee, tea, pineapples to create soil protection and enrich it with nitrogen. The land must be regularly cleared of weeds, fertilized with 900 g of ammophos for each hevea seedling per year.

Plants propagate in two ways: growing from seeds or grafting buds to suitable trunks, the so-called vegetative method. The seedlings are grown in special nurseries resembling greenhouse fences. After they reach the age of 1.5-2 years, they are planted in prepared soil on a plantation.

It is necessary to monitor the acid-base balance of the soil, adjust it in the acid direction. With an increase in pH and depletion of the soil, the release of latex juice slows down and its properties are violated. After about 40-50 years, when the juice stops being released, only wood is used, which also has unique properties.

The rubber tree almost never gets sick, as its sap has protective antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties. If the bark has been damaged, antibacterial preparations, lanolin paste are used. This speeds up the restoration and regeneration of the tree.

Useful properties of rubber tree and application

The rubber tree has a characteristic burgundy hue, which is why it is also called "red".

Its wood is found in different colors depending on the species and growing conditions:

• Caramel shade.
• With dark chocolate stains.
• White.
• Pink or powdery.
• With a pearl finish.

At different angles, the overflow of shades can change color. The wood itself is characterized by increased density and strength due to repeated impregnation with rubber juice. The tree does not absorb water, does not rot and is not damaged by insects.

Thanks to these properties, it is easy to process. The wood is often used for decorative purposes, as it has a beautiful cut.

This material is used to create:

• parquet boards.
• Furniture (including a kitchenette).
• Statuettes.
• Jewelry (necklaces, earrings, rings).

In terms of price, the rubber tree can be compared to precious metals. Furniture made of this tree can withstand heavy loads and constant use, does not absorb odors, liquids.

Rubber juice is collected exclusively by hand. To do this, incisions are made similar to hollows, up to 1 cm deep and several centimeters along. Under them are containers for collecting juice. The container is not taken until it is completely filled. As a preservative, ammonia is used, a solution of acetic acid to prevent drying.

Each tree secretes sap every day, except during the rainy season. The collected juice is cleaned of impurities by washing with plenty of water. After that, the water is squeezed out.

The resulting raw material is laid out on special horizontal surfaces and dried, and then subjected to a smoking process to get rid of ants and excess water and impurities. So rubber becomes suitable for the production of latex products.

By itself, latex is an elastomer consisting of 97% polyisoprene. This material is used in several areas:

• Machine-building, light industry.
• Building.
• The medicine.
• Manufacture of care items and children's toys.
• Household items.

With the advent of a new technology for the rubber vulcanization process, artificial latex began to be produced, but it differs in chemical composition and is inferior in its technical characteristics and hypoallergenic properties.

During the production and disposal of artificial materials, fumes and chemical waste are released that are harmful to the environment.

From the seeds, natural drying oil is produced, which is used in the production of high-quality artistic, industrial and building paints, varnishes, solvents.

Cultivation of a rubber tree prevents the release of carbon dioxide into the environment, there is no waste of chemical origin. Due to the conditions of the habitat, rubber is grown in limited quantities, which cannot be said about a tree -. For this reason, synthetic latex is the more common material.