The proportions of concrete for the foundation in buckets. Proportions to knead concrete in buckets. Proportions of concrete mixture

The finished concrete solution has a plastic composition, which includes four required components: cement, rubble (gravel), sand and water. Mixing materials should occur in a strict sequence. The proportions of components for the foundation are approximately the following: C - 1 share, sh - 5 shares, P - 3 shares, in - 0.5 share (C - cement, sh - crushed stone, P - sand, in water).

These figures may vary, as in practice depend on a number of factors, for example, from the required brand of concrete used by the grade of cement, the physical and chemical characteristics of sand and rubble, from the type of additives and their dosage.

The key components that are part of the concrete remain cement and water that are responsible for the monolithic structure and the cement stone forming in the tandem. However, when hardening, such a stone is prone to deformation, shrinkage may approach the value of 2 mm per meter.

The process occurs unevenly, internal stresses occur in the material, the result of which is microcracks. How much do not look, visually notice them is impossible, but the quality of cement stone will be low. To reduce deformations to a minimum, in the solution include aggregates in the form of sand, crumples, gravel or rubble.

Appointment of aggregates - form structural fittings, which will have to take the stress of material from shrinkage. As a result, the shrinkage decreases significantly, while concrete strength increases, and the creep decreases.

Marking concrete

For the labeling of concrete, a digital designation is used, which follows the letter "M". There is an extensive line of concrete: from M-75 to M-1000. A set of numbers indicates the calculated resistance of the concrete to its compression (measured in kgf / cm2) at the time of its complete hardening, i.e. after 28 days. For example, for the M300 brand, this value is approximately 300 kg / cm2. Thus, the greater the digital indicator in the marking, the stronger concrete.

Areas of use

Even the unfinished person knows that concrete is the basis of the foundation. Each type of work corresponds to a certain brand.

M-100 and M-150 - used for the device of pillows under the base of the foundation;
M-200 is the most common brand, applied to fill the foundations, sexual screed, device of retaining walls, scenes and tracks;
M-250 and M-300 - intermediate brands between M-200 and M-350;
M-350 is the most demanded brand that is used to build monolithic foundations, carrying structures, road surfaces;
M-400 and M-450 are rarely used, mainly in the construction of hydraulic structures;
M-500 and M-550 serves to build objects to which special requirements are applied (these are dams, dams, metro, etc.).

Cooking concrete

To perform small construction work, the number of components is conveniently measured in buckets. So easier and faster knead the concrete of good quality. How many buckets of materials need to prepare the worksee depends on the scope of work. It is important here to take into account the fact that all components of the concrete test have a different bulk mass: the cement bucket weighs about 15 kg, the sand bucket is about 19 kg, and the rubble mass of approximately 17.5 kg.

The optimal proportions of the components in one Cuba concrete test using the buckets are approximately as follows: 2: 5: 9, where, respectively, cement / sand / crushed stone. Measuring the components, the M200 concrete solution is beginning to prepare, which can be used both for filling the foundation and for the flooring, the construction of the porch, etc. Water into a concrete composition is usually added in an amount equal to half the cement volume. The preparation of the working solution is carried out immediately before the start of concreting in the amount of how much it is planned to work out in 2 hours.

For the construction of light framework structures, there is quite enough foundation of a column type. Therefore, the concrete mass for its fill does not imply ultrahigh strength.

Preparation of concrete using buckets is relevant in the following cases:

to perform small in terms of work;
when the fill of the foundation is carried out by stages;
inaccessibility of the construction site for special equipment (concrete mixers);
dettle of factories supplying the prepared composition.

Proportions of components

Even an experienced concrete can not answer the question: "How many components in the weight equivalent need to take for a kneading ideal solution?". It is too much about, since in each particular case, the composite parts have different humidity and the dimensions of the fractions. One thing remains to adhere to the recommended proportions. The ratio of components by volume is more convenient to measure buckets.

Table of the proportion of cement M-400, Sand and Gravel:

The proportions of the components of the concrete mix for the foundation

Planning the construction of the house, garage and other objects in its plot, I want them to serve as longer as possible. To do this, first of all, you should take care of a reliable and solid foundation. His qualitative characteristics are determined not only by the technology of bookmark, but also the composition and proportions of concrete for the foundation. When mixing the solution, it is important to understand how the change in relations between the ingredients affects the final result.

Composition composition for foundation

The main ingredients of the solution are cement and water, it also includes aggregates: sand and crushed stone (gravel, granite screening, ceramzite). For certain properties, special purpose additives are introduced.

Cement is a binder that combines solid particles of a mixture into a concrete mass. It has high hygroscopicity, so you need to buy it immediately before use. Depending on the composition and thinness of the grinding distinguish such grades:

Portland cement ordinary - material normally transfers the impact of moisture and low temperatures. Used to fill foundations operated under normal conditions.
Slagoportland cement is a good choice for monolithic bases built in gentle climatic zones with high humidity and infrequent frosts. Such a concrete is hardening slower than usual, but it has high moisture resistance and durability.
Poacezolana Portland cement - shows the average level of strength at maximum resistance to moisture. It is used to fill underground and underwater foundations that are not experiencing large loads.
Furious - cements with special additives, accelerating the gripping process and reduce the ripening period of concrete up to 2 weeks. Used in any climatic conditions.

According to compression, cement is divided into several brands - from M100 to M500. Numbers denote the degree of fortress, which is expressed in kilograms per CM2.

Marking use alphanumeric designations by analogy with cement. In the construction sphere there is a wide range: from M75 to M1000. The numbers reflect the estimated compression resistance at the time of complete hardening (28 days after the fill). The indicator is measured in kg / cm2. The higher the concrete brand, the greater its strength. For the foundation device in private construction, it is usually enough M200 or M300.

Proportions of concrete mixture

In order for concrete to be high-quality, and the base is reliable and durable, it is important to choose the correct ratio of components. In the compositions that are manufactured in factory conditions, cement, sand, crushed stone and water are mixed in proportions 1: 2: 4: 0.5. For private house-building, the volume ratio of ingredients depends on their characteristics and the planned fortress.

To get the most weak M100 brand, you need to prepare the mixture in the proportion of 1: 4: 6: 0.5. If we are weighed on scales, then for the production of 1 m3 requires such a composition:

cement - 206 kg;
sand - 780 kg;
crushed stone - 1200 kg;
water - 185 liters.

At home, much easier and faster leading settlements in buckets. A radical capacity of 10 liters is usually taken as a basis. In this case, the proportions of the components of the concrete look like this:

cement - 10 l \u003d 1 bucket;
sand - 41 l \u003d 4;
crushed stone - 61 l \u003d 6-7.

For the fill of the ribbon foundation under the fence, the garage, various economic buildings are better to prepare M250 in proportion 1: 2: 3.5: 0.5.

The construction of low-rise buildings requires creating a more reliable basis. If there is a pressure of at least 400 kg for each centimeter, then the proportion of concrete should be selected on the foundation 1: 1: 2.5: 0.5. When the developer has no accurate load data on the base, you can progress and make a very strong concrete M450. For it, the proportion is 1: 1: 2: 0.5. The foundation of increased strength costs 4-4.5 times more expensive than the M100 brand, so the fortress must be justified not only with the design, but also from the economic side.

Cooking concrete alone

The solution is easiest to be mixed with a concrete mixer. But if the technique turned out to be inaccessible, it is quite possible to do it manually. Stocking tools and fixtures for filling the foundation:

shovel 2 pcs;
bucket 2 pcs;
capacity for kneading (metallic or plastic trough, wooden box);
wheelbarrow;
traaming;
plumb, level;
meter, roulette.

One bucket and shovel to use only for cement. They should be dry and clean. The second pair of tools is intended for sand and rubble. All components of the composition are measured by buckets in the desired proportion, slightly seal the shovel and align on top.

In the prepared container, fall asleep rubble with sand and mix thoroughly.
On the surface of the shovel to form grooves, in which then pour cement.
The dry composition is mixed as long as the color becomes homogeneous.
Give the cone shape, make a deepening and pour a small portion of water. The mixture from the edges of the cone is pissed into the liquid until it is completely intact. Then shape a new cone and add water again. Manipulations repeat until concrete takes normal saturation for filling the foundation.
Unload to formwork no later than 2 hours after cooking.

Too thick concrete can be diluted with a small amount of water. The structure must be homogeneous, and mixing is made without unnecessary effort. Another extreme should be avoided - the oversaturation of moisture. Liquid concrete quickly and easily clenches with shovels. If the sand turned out to be wet or work on the basis of the base of the base goes into crude weather, then in the proportion you need to reduce the volume of water.

Construction professionals are recommended to engage in the construction of the foundation only in the warm season. With a plus temperature, a normal chemical reaction occurs and it solidens well. In frosts you have to constantly warm the water and concrete. If this is not done, the ice is formed in the solution, which leads to the weakening of the strength and destruction of the foundation from the inside.

Concrete proportions for foundation

The stability and durability of any design directly depends on the strength and reliability of the foundation - the base of the house. For its construction, special knowledge and availability of qualifications and experience at the master are needed.

As a rule, the design under the foundation of any construction is chosen depending on the soil of the Earth, on which it is planned, material for walls, climate, conditions and character of the structure itself. There are several types of foundations that are used to build.

Types of concrete foundations

The most basic types of foundations from concrete - column and tape, but there are other subtypes and varieties:

Ribbon.

Two subtypes can be used on the quality of the quality of soil and climatic zone:

As a material for this type of base, use:

Booth, which has excellent strength. Low temperatures and groundwater flowing are not affected by the material. It is used by the Stone Booth of the same fraction. The construction process requires large labor and funds, so it is used very rarely. The depth of the bookmark does not exceed 70 cm mark, and its durability is about 150 years.
Boot concrete, which includes a combination of cement mortar and filler (crushed stone, stone bouts of minor sizes, fragments of bricks). According to the degree of strength, it is not worse than butt, but it is much easier in the construction and more affordable. It is used to build structures from funny materials or consisting of several floors.
Concrete. This type of base of the house is more known as the bay, since the material is laid in the concrete mixer, after which they are filled with formwork. The period of operation of the material is over 50 years, and its cost is much higher due to large volumes of cement used. Most often, this option is used in construction to build walls from hard materials, as well as buildings of country cottages and houses.

Columnarwhich is used to build light-type designs (for example, bathrooms, garden, shedding houses). This option of base includes sets of support pillars located under construction angles and places experiencing enhanced load. Poles are formed from pipes, concrete, boot and reinforced concrete. This foundation is used on durable soils.

Band-column. It is somewhat cheaper than the tape type of foundation and combines only the best qualities of both types of foundation.

The correct selection of the material and the foundation type allows you to make the design more durable and durable. It is possible to buy material for the foundation in the ready version, in the form of mixtures at industrial enterprises. But it is much better to make a concrete solution independently, which allows you to significantly save money.

The composition of the foundation concrete

A solution of concrete for the foundation support can be prepared by itself, for this you only need to know what concrete is, and what characteristics it has.

The solution itself consists of a combination of interconnected substances (cement), filler and various additives, which prevent the entire mass of casting characteristic qualities and properties. Then, the formed solution is diluted in the desired proportions with water.

The composition of the foundation solution is not the first year in construction and every day it will improve and increase the quality and strength indicators.

Each individual component is responsible for the specific quality of the concrete solution. Therefore, the final quality of the material depends on the proportions of its components. So that the final indicators of the solution perfectly corresponded to the construction, it is necessary to take into account the construction site and its purpose.

Composition composition for the foundation of proportion in buckets

The main components in the composition of concrete:

Cement - Binds each other fillers.
Fillers. These belong to: gravel, crushed stone, sand, bulk additives.
Water.

There are several ways to mix proportional mortar of concrete. The most common variant of the steel concrete mixers, in which the required number of sand buckets, rubble, cement and water are loaded, and then the device thoroughly mixes materials among themselves.

The formation of a solution of buckets is relevant in several cases:

For construction work Less than 4th 3 solutions are required.
Inability to deliver Concrete from the plant due to its problems with the location, for example, the production company is far away, and the cost of delivering the material is too high.
Filling the foundation occurs With interruptions, for example, when several design tiers are formed.
On an object erected There is no access to the installation of autosimes and concrete mixers.

Proportions of concrete on the foundation in buckets

As a rule, measurements with the help of the buckets are used with minor amounts of work.

Weight dimension of components for the manufacture of concrete solutions:

Each component of the concrete solution is distinguished by different volume weight, for example, the mass of one sand bucket is 19.5 kg, cement - 15.6 kg, and gravel - 17 kg. Therefore, in practice, a convenient variant of cement proportions, sand and gravel - 2: 5: 9. In some situations, gravel change to crushed stone.

If the construction of the design is carried out with their own hands, the finished sandy-gravel mixture is used (PGS). The ratio of concrete for the foundation to the mixture is approximately 1 cement bucket to 5 PGS buckets.

What proportions make concrete?

In most situations, a column version of the foundation is used for the framework of the frame type, for which the concrete mixture is not required with increased strength indicators. For this type, concrete M 200 is suitable, which is made from cement M 500, sand, rubble and water.

For one cubic meter, the mixture is necessary:

300-350 kg of cement;
1100-1200 kg rubble;
600-700 kg of sand;
150-180 liters of water.

Such a ratio of materials is formed by their qualities, for example, granite crushed stone has a high level of strength, in comparison with dolomite rubble or limestone, so it can be used in fewer.

If you use low quality sand, the holes and potholes can be formed.

Choosing cement, initially pay attention to the manufacturer's company. As a rule, the more famous is the organization, the less likely to acquire a poor-quality product.

Water should also be consumed clean so that it was without impurities and salts. If the construction is carried out in the cold season, then water, like other components of the concrete solution, should be heated to +60 0 s to give the solution necessary consistency and strength.

How to knead the concrete?

For the preparations of a small amount of solution, a bucket is used as a measure of the weight of the components. The proportions are calculated in accordance with the fact that the components have a different volumetric weight. Based on this fact, when preparing 1-m 3 solution, a ratio of 9: 5: 2 (gravel or crushed stone, sand and cement) will be needed.

The manufacture of concrete M 200 is performed according to the rules to achieve as a result of high quality mixture.

Concrete mixing rules for foundation:

Initially, you should mix well Between itself, sand and crushed stone so that there are no lumps when adding water. On the surface, furrows are made in which the cement is suited. The mixture should be mixed before getting a completely homogeneous color.
Make a mixture of cone And add water with small portions, mix everything thoroughly.

Deciding on how best to knead the solution should relate to among themselves the needs and financial capabilities. The most optimal option will be the use of concrete mixer, but buy it for a small building is unprofitable, so it is better to apply manual production.

Preparation of concrete mix for ribbon foundation

For this type of foundation, first of all, it will be necessary to calculate the number of necessary material. One tape parameters (length, width and depth) are multiplied by their number.

Prepare the required amount of the mixture, it is pouring it into the formwork. It is performed by layers, for example, if the base depth is one meter, then the layers should be four, each 0.25 cm. After the bookmark, each of them needs to be carried out. Then, to release an excessive air, through each meter or two should slowly stick into the mortar solution.

Cooking concrete for a column foundation

Calculations in this type of foundation correspond to the tape variant. The difference is that the concrete solution is not poured in stages, but immediately, after which it is trambed.

Necessary properties of foundation concrete

The concrete base of the house has different properties and characteristics. They directly depend on what materials are applied in terms of quality and their initial components. Also, the properties of concrete depend on the proportions of its components, which are used to build a different type of structures.

Required strength of foundation concrete

The strength of the concrete foundation is the key indicator on which it depends will withstand the foundation scheduled for its load. It is measured in the calculation of a kilogram on a square centimeter.

Calculate this indicator can be calculated by the exact degree of load, which the design will have on the base. To do this, it will be necessary to summarize the total weight of all designs and communications, as well as indicators of the useful and possible load, which is created by climatic conditions. Then the result should be divided into the area of \u200b\u200bthe entire foundation.

The degree of concrete strength is indicated in its brand, which means the limit degree of load on the foundation in kg / cm 2.

According to the calculations obtained, a concrete solution should be prepared with the corresponding characteristics.

The necessary proportions of the material can be viewed in the tables:

Concrete from cement brand M 500, sand and rubble

Proportions for cooking concrete in buckets

Application of cement mix

The use of cement and PGS in construction is widespread. The material is used to knead the concrete for plastering, pillars and production of the building solution. Due to the low cost, this material is easily accessible. The reliability of the foundation and other structures directly depends on the quality of the cement mixture and PGS.

Mixtures table.

The grades of the cement formulation should be distinguished by strength. Figures from 100 to 600 mean a compression bar. The higher the figure, the stronger and, accordingly, the brand is more expensive. For example, M300 brand is characterized by a low pace of hardening, it is used for the production of reinforced concrete and monolithic and prefabricated class structures not higher than B20, for the manufacture of a mortar. From the M300 correctly to make low thermal concrete for hydraulic structures.

The solution of the solution depends not only on the material brand, the functional designation of the structure, the quality of PGS and water. The ratio of all components of the solution is also very important. To properly knead the solution, you need to know how much water, PGS, rubble and other components will be required, what kind of mixing order must be observed and how to correctly determine the shares. The ratio of components (water, PGS, rubble) is usually given in weight or voluminous proportions.

In practice, it would be correct to make measurements in buckets - it's easier, more convenient and more accurate. The use of the bucket allows you to quickly and correctly measure the parts, to do it.

Concrete mixer diagram.

The solution can be reached perforator, manually or in a concrete mixer. It is definitely necessary to interfere with the concrete mixer with large volumes of construction, limited time or when absolute homogeneity is required. Observe the proportions of the solution both with manual mixing and in the concrete mixer it is extremely important to achieve the desired fortress of the solution, the absence of emptiness and durability of the structure. Completely making in a concrete mixer or manually help simple recommendations.

Preparation of composition

To properly make the foundation for the foundation, ideal is considered the ratio of 1: 3: 5. That is, the concrete interferes follows from 1 bucket of cement, 3 - sand and 5 - rubble or gravel. You can use a sandy-gravel mixture for the foundation, then the ratio will look like 1: 5. How much water should be added to the foundation solution? The amount of water is approximately equal to half of the cement volume, but the accurate litter is determined by fact depending on which fluidity is the damage. If it is not plastic, crumbs, then for the foundation this solution is not suitable, it must be diluted. Concrete should be done thick, but plastic, it keeps the form and does not spread much.

Scheme of columnar foundation.

The solution for plaster does not have in its composition gravel and rubble, as the base for the foundation. The mortar for plaster can be made from 1 part of cement and 3 - sand (aggregate). There is an inverse relationship between the amount of aggregate and the fortress of plaster. The smaller the sand contains a solution, the stronger it is. But such a kneading can crack and give a big shrinkage. Therefore, it is necessary to make the mixture, based on the functional goals that you need to achieve. The minimum ratio of aggregate and cement 1: 1 for especially fat compositions and 1: 5 - for skinny. Sometimes lime, gypsum, clay (approximately 1/10 part) are added to the plaster. Such a consistency is best to do in rooms with high humidity, for example, in a basement, bathroom, winter garden, etc.

Concrete for pillars is prepared in proportions 1: 2: 3. 1 part of cement, 2 - sand and 3 rubberies shallow fraction (5-20 mm) for pillars allow to obtain a durable solution. The solution for pillars is the stronger, the smaller the water contains a mixture, but it should not be dry. Concrete for pillars is better to calculate the M200 brands, not lower, based on this and select the brand of cement composition.

Number of components per cube

For other proportions, the number of materials is calculated similarly. The cube plaster will require 600 kg, and the cube for pillars will require 500 kg. For the preparation of the mixture will be needed:

sand or PGS;
crushed stone or gravel;
cement;
water;
plasticizers and additives.

It is easiest to interfere with a solution in concrete mixer, the time and strength will save, but with small volumes you can use a perforator or completely manual mixing. The main requirement for the mixture is observance of proportions and homogeneity. The composition should not be any stones, lumps, undisguised parts or major air bubbles. Water should be added with minor portions and several times not to spoil the mixture.

Concrete and proportions for foundation

Concrete - Important component of any construction. The operational characteristics of the erected structure largely depend on the foundation. Therefore, it is very important to properly prepare a solution for pouring it. Concrete solution for large-scale buildings are prepared in the factory.

Private developers by building their own hands the house usually prepare it for themselves to at least reduce the costs of construction. By choosing self-preparation, it is important to comply with the proportions for concrete under the foundation. After all, the strength of the foundation of the house often depends on this.

Choice

The foundation is the carrier part of any construction. To make it resistant to various loads, you need to properly choose the composition of the concrete for its fill. In this case, its resistance to loads on compression will be sufficient, which means that the pressure of the whole house will be able to withstand the pressure. Various brands of concrete are produced, therefore there are several embodiments. Which one to choose to fill the foundation? You need to answer this question with two factors:

The characteristics of the structure (number of floors, weight, basement size).
The features of the soil on the site.

The choice of composition, taking into account the first factor, is made as follows:

M 150 is used to fill bases for frame and shield structures.
Under the light houses from the log and timber selected M 200.
M 300 under block and brick buildings.

Dependence on the features of the site is as follows. The harder in the portion, the soil, the higher the brand of concrete you need to choose. So, for rock soil, it is enough to prepare a solution M 150. For a sublibious soil, the composition M 200 is suitable.

Compound

Any concrete regardless of its brand consists of the following components:

All of these components must have the necessary characteristics, with which they need to choose them. Cement in the concrete mixture of the main ingredient, since this is a biased substance. It produces cement plants. Cement is divided into brands and by the number contained in it of various additives. The most sought-after portland cement, there are many special additives in it to improve the properties of the material. Private developers when filling the foundation of the house, experts recommend using cement M 400 or PC 400.

Important!

It should be borne in mind, like many building mixtures, the shelf life of cement is limited. After a year of storage in the package, it significantly loses its activity that determines the properties and brand of material.

Sand - This is one of the aggregates of concrete mixes. To obtain a high-quality solution, it is necessary to seriously approach his choice. It is worth noting that at the moment the selection of sand in the construction market is huge. If you wish, you can even get sand from the seabed, but not every sand material is suitable for concrete.

So, specialists do not recommend applying sand for this purpose with clay impurities. Because of it, concrete is less durable and frost-resistant. But with river sand you can prepare the perfect solution. It is often very high quality and consists of homogeneous fractions.

Crushed stone and gravel Just like sand in the solution act as aggregates. Thanks to them, the solution is less "sits", which makes a concrete structure more durable and durable. When choosing rubbent, pay attention to its form. Since the ease of pouring the concrete solution depends on it.

Flat and angular crushed stone for mixing concrete is usually not used. Since because of it, it is necessary to spend more of other components, which affects the strength of the structure. The most optimal option for filling the foundation is the use of gravel crushed stone. It consists of particles of 3 to 70 mm. In addition, it is available for private developers.

Water. This component can have any characteristics, the main thing is that the water is clean without any impurities. Having all the above components and knowing the proportions of concrete for the foundation you can prepare a solution of any necessary brand.

Video

Video on how to make concrete, as well as proportions in buckets.

Proportions of components

The correct ratio in the concrete solution of components is the key to obtaining high-quality material. The composition of concrete for the foundation of the proportion to one part of the cement powder is considered optimal for the construction of a private house for one part of the cement powder. Four pieces of rubbank (1/4). And in the proportion of cement and sand, a ratio of 13 is taken, that is, on 1 part of the cement (M 400) there are 3 parts of the sand. In general, the weight of cement in cement mortar should be 14 from the entire mass.

But to harden concrete still need water. An important characteristic of concrete is the proportion of water and cement (the so-called water-cement ratio). Concrete strength depends on this ratio: the less its value, the stronger the material is obtained. For a concrete mix used for concreting foundations, the maximum water-cement value is 0.75.

Private developers for a small amount of work, it is easier to mix the solution on the construction site. In the concrete mixtures there is one kneading solution for the foundation in such a roughly proportion:

300 kg of cement powder.
600 kg of sand.
1300 kg rubbank.

But the developer does not have the opportunity to weigh the bulk materials when it is located at the construction site of the house. There is a completely reasonable question, how to make a solution for the foundation correctly. To do this, you need to know the proportions of concrete for the foundation in buckets. Since all components have a bulk density of approximately the same one can move them and then the composition of the concrete for the foundation of the proportion in buckets will be approximately the following:

Cement 25 buckets.
Sand 43 buckets.
Crushed stone 20 buckets.

When determining the amount of water, the cement is focused on the measure: one bucket of the cement powder should be added not to complete the water bucket. This volume, depending on the situation, may vary. For example, if the formwork is reinforced, the concrete is mixed more plastic so that it makes it easier to penetrate inside the frame.

Without reinforcement, it is more practical to make it tough, it will accelerate the frozen. In both cases, water needs to be added so much so that there are no puddles in the finished solution. To obtain one cube of concrete of different brands, the optimal ratio of components in the volume expression is set out in the table.

Electric concrete mixer with their own hands: the original solution in construction

Types of concrete foundations

The most basic types of foundations from concrete - column and tape, but there are other subtypes and varieties:

Ribbon. It is installed in the form of a continuous tape, which consists of a reinforced concrete, stacked under all the carrying walls of the structure. The depth of the base of the building is formed depending on the level of soil freezing plus an additional 20 cm.
Two subtypes can be used on the quality of the quality of soil and climatic zone:
- intermittent;
- continuous.
As a material for this type of base, use:
- Booth, which has excellent strength. Low temperatures and groundwater flowing are not affected by the material. It is used by the Stone Booth of the same fraction. The construction process requires large labor and funds, so it is used very rarely. The depth of the bookmark does not exceed 70 cm mark, and its durability is about 150 years.
- Boot concrete, which includes a combination of cement mortar and filler (crushed stone, stone bouts of minor sizes, fragments of bricks). According to the degree of strength, it is not worse than butt, but it is much easier in the construction and more affordable. It is used to build structures from funny materials or consisting of several floors.
- Concrete. This type of base of the house is more known as the bay, since the material is laid in the concrete mixer, after which they are filled with formwork. The period of operation of the material is over 50 years, and its cost is much higher due to large volumes of cement used. Most often, this option is used in construction to build walls from hard materials, as well as buildings of country cottages and houses.
Columnarwhich is used to build light-type designs (for example, bathrooms, garden, shedding houses). This option of base includes sets of support pillars located under construction angles and places experiencing enhanced load. Poles are formed from pipes, concrete, boot and reinforced concrete. This foundation is used on durable soils.
Band-column. It is somewhat cheaper than the tape type of foundation and combines only the best qualities of both types of foundation.

The composition of the foundation concrete

A solution of concrete for the foundation support can be prepared by itself, for this you only need to know what concrete is, and what characteristics it has.

The composition of the foundation solution is not the first year in construction and every day it will improve and increase the quality and strength indicators.

Composition composition for the foundation of proportion in buckets

Important! If the proportionality of the concrete solution is determined by buckets, then it is necessary to check the cement brand. If it changes, then the proportions are replaced in the creation of the solution.

The main components in the composition of concrete:

Cement - Binds each other fillers.
Fillers. These belong to: gravel, crushed stone, sand, bulk additives.
Water.

The formation of a solution of buckets is relevant in several cases:

For construction work Less than 4th 3 solutions are required.
Inability to deliver Concrete from the plant due to its problems with the location, for example, the production company is far away, and the cost of delivering the material is too high.
Filling the foundation occurs With interruptions, for example, when several design tiers are formed.
On an object erected There is no access to the installation of autosimes and concrete mixers.

Proportions of concrete on the foundation in buckets

As a rule, measurements with the help of the buckets are used with minor amounts of work.

Weight dimension of components for the manufacture of concrete solutions:

cement - 1;
sand - 3;
crushed stone (gravel) - 5.

What proportions make concrete?

For one cubic meter, the mixture is necessary:

300-350 kg of cement;
1100-1200 kg rubble;
600-700 kg of sand;
150-180 liters of water.

Such a ratio of materials is formed by their qualities, for example, granite crushed stone has a high level of strength, in comparison with dolomite rubble or limestone, so it can be used in fewer.

To create a mixture of concrete, the required consistency is best used for washed crushed stone, and only purified river sand in which there are no different clay impurities.

If you use low quality sand, the holes and potholes can be formed.

Choosing cement, initially pay attention to the manufacturer's company. As a rule, the more famous is the organization, the less likely to acquire a poor-quality product.

How to knead the concrete?

The manufacture of concrete M 200 is performed according to the rules to achieve as a result of high quality mixture.

Concrete mixing rules for foundation:

Initially, you should mix well Between itself, sand and crushed stone so that there are no lumps when adding water. On the surface, furrows are made in which the cement is suited. The mixture should be mixed before getting a completely homogeneous color.
Make a mixture of cone And add water with small portions, mix everything thoroughly.

Preparation of concrete mix for ribbon foundation

For this type of foundation, first of all, it will be necessary to calculate the number of necessary material. One tape parameters (length, width and depth) are multiplied by their number.

Example. Length 20 m., Width 0.5 m, depth 1 m. Alternate these values \u200b\u200band get, on one side of the foundation it is necessary to prepare 10 cubic meters of concrete solution.

Cooking concrete for a column foundation

Calculations in this type of foundation correspond to the tape variant. The difference is that the concrete solution is not poured in stages, but immediately, after which it is trambed.

Necessary properties of foundation concrete

Required strength of foundation concrete

The final concrete strength must be more than a few positions than the load planned.

The degree of concrete strength is indicated in its brand, which means the limit degree of load on the foundation in kg / cm 2.

According to the calculations obtained, a concrete solution should be prepared with the corresponding characteristics.

The necessary proportions of the material can be viewed in the tables:

Concrete from cement brand M 500, sand and rubble

Concrete from cement brand M 400, sand and rubble

Giving concrete of special properties

If additional requirements and special properties are presented to the design, for example, water resistance or frost resistance, then additives and special concrete of the XD, XF, XM or XA exposure class can be used.

To give a concrete solution of special properties, various additives are added to it that can increase and improve certain quality material.

Concrete with high frost resistance requires the addition of an appropriate additive that increases the level of stability of a concrete base to frost.

Adding such a type of additive contributes to the fact that the foundation can withstand a large number of frost cycles and defrosting.

If, in addition to frost, the design is exposed to salts, use additives with high frost resistance and resistance to the thawing salts acting on the base.

Also used additives capable of improving the plasticity of the solution. As a rule, they are used in solutions for formwork with a frequently repeated metal reinforcing grid. This additive contributes to the best distribution of the mixture throughout the perimeter of the formwork.

An additives are used to increase the degree of sustainability of the foundation of the structure to the beams of its groundwater (waterproof concrete). Without them, it is almost impossible to do in places where the soil is too strongly overshadowed by moisture. A solution of a more dense consistency is used for structures with a thickness of 10 to 40 cm that the water penetration depth does not exceed 0.6, and for structures with a greater thickness - 0.7.

Number of components per cube

As we already know, the main components for the preparation of concrete water, sand and crushed stone. To prepare the appropriate mixture consistency, proportions should be observed.

To obtain 1-m 3 concrete solution, you will need the following amounts of materials presented in the table

Approximate proportions for forming 1-m 3 concrete

If the preparation of the solution is performed for the first time, then initially prepare a trial option. When the sand is wet, it is better to use less water than indicated.

Focusing on the specified data, you can prepare the necessary concrete solution yourself.

Read 8 min. Published on 11/19/2018

Concrete is not an ordinary mixture of the main components in any proportions. For the preparation of a truly high-quality solution, it is necessary to strictly follow the instructions, and comply with the proportions of substances. But not everyone knows how to intend to mix the components, if there is no accurate weights at hand. If there is only an ordinary bucket and shovel, you should apply exact proportions that many years ago were clearly adjusted for mixing in the concrete mixer.

Main components

The quality of the finished concrete depends not only on strict adherence to proportions, it is also associated with the quality of the mixed substances and their modification. So that concrete is durable, the basic recommendations should be followed.

Cement

Without this component, it will not work concrete at all.

Cement affects the strength of the finished product and the speed of its solidification.

Among the variety of choices in the market should choose Portland cement. It will allow you to get the best grip of all components.

The main characteristic to select cement is a brand. It allows you to determine the type of work for which the use of the manufacturer is recommended. The brand is indicated by the letter "M", and is measured in kilograms per cubic centimeter. It depends on the strength of the dry mixture.

In order not to make a mistake in the choice of cement in quality and cost, it is necessary to determine in advance the type of work that is planned to be performed:

Masonry Cement M400 - M500 is best suited to create a bearing wall. The designs of other types can be made from the M300 mixture. If you need to create a small design (gazebo or barn), it is enough and cement M200.
Foundation. If necessary, bookmark the base for single-storey buildings of modest size (garage or summer kitchen) is allowed to apply cement M200. If the building must be residential and with several floors, it is better to choose a binder M400 or M500.
SCHOOT. Cement M50 or M150 is suitable for creating a scene. If you need to repair a certain surface, then you can not pay attention to strength at all. But with the fill of the floors another story. Here it is necessary to select a specific grade of cement. It depends on the operational characteristics of the floor.
Plaster. When preparing a solution for plastering, it is worth choosing binding with the strength of M300 or M400.

Important! It makes no sense to buy a lot of cement about the reserve right away, because after a month its strength begins to decrease. Two months later, it takes 10%, after 6 - 50%, and after the year, the material becomes unsuitable for use.

If during the preparation of concrete you have to mix several cement marks, then the proportions of all the components will have to be changed. This is done due to the fact that the content of the high brand cement in the finished solution should be less than a low brand.

Crusheden

This ingredient provides ready-made high strength in compression.

To prepare a high-quality concrete mix, you must select a rubble with a size of 1-2 cm.

If there are larger stones, it is better to apply them for factory work.

It is also necessary to trace the presence of clay and purity of crushed in the inclusion of clay.

Sand

This component is simply necessary for the preparation of concrete. The best solution will take river or quartz sand (there are brilliant crystalline splashes), the size of which is 1.2-3.5 mm.

It should also be paid to the presence of clay lumps in the substance. If it is present, then the raw material is a second-rate, it is not recommended to use it for cooking concrete. Clay is capable of significantly reduce the strength of the finished solution. In some situations, instead of sand, it is allowed to use chopped gravel.

Water

If the composition is prepared for small construction, the type of water is not important, you can use any.

The main thing is to pay attention to its purity and the presence of oil inclusions and various chemical impurities.

For household purposes, rain or dilated water are often used. Industrial production usually use purified.

It is not recommended to take water from mineral springs, it is usually present a lot of salt, which is badly affected by concrete. Also carefully you need to be with the use of water from wells with a clay base. Even good natural filtration cannot be a guarantor of the absence of clay particles in water. The higher the cement brand, the smaller the water should be taken to mix.

Excipients

Additional substances are recommended only when concrete is laid in special climatic conditions (low temperatures). For hardening the finished product, fittings (polypropylene fiber) are also often used. It should be added not to the solution itself, but to lay it during its fill.

Plasticizers

These substances can give concrete high viscosity or improve its fluidity.

Simultaneously with their use, the amount of water should be carefully monitored, which is added to the concrete mixer.

This component allows you to significantly improve the quality of the walls of the walls and laying the foundation. You can cook it my own. To do this, take 100-150 ml of liquid soap on the cement bucket, after which a similar amount of extinguished lime is added. As a result, the concrete grabbing more evenly, and the finished surface turns out to be more even.

Proportions

The veser can be of different sizes (from 5 to 15 liters), so for accurate calculations it is more convenient to use the weight of the components. If you know the volume of the most concrete mixer, then it is easy to determine the required amounts of substances in the vendors. It is only necessary to deal with the brand of finished concrete.

For the manufacture of one cubic meter of concrete, the following amounts of materials are required:

This calculation is carried out if the cement fill occurs at the stages (depending on the volume of concrete mixer), and the process itself lasts long. It should be borne in mind that the calculations are conducted for laying concrete under normal climatic conditions. Relative air humidity ranges from 60 to 75%, and the temperature is from +15 to +25 C.

In buckets

To calculate the number of materials in the vendors, the specified numbers are transferred to liters. The values \u200b\u200bare not completely accurate due to the non-permanent density of bulk materials, but they will be enough for the preparation of workable concrete. The bulk density of cement is 1200 kg / m3, sand - 1440 kg / m3, and rubble - 1600 kg / m3.

After translating, the following values \u200b\u200bare obtained:

Now the obtained indicators are transferred to the vest and calculates how much they need to fill the concrete mixer. Most often, the construction of 10 liters are used in construction, and it will be calculated. But concrete mixers differ in size. For home use, starting builders buy devices with a volume of from 70 to 250 liters. Since concrete mixers work in an inclined position, the amount of concrete will be less. Therefore, the calculation will be carried out for averaged indicator of 55% of the fullness.

The numbers opposite each ingredient indicate the amount of vest for concrete:

The volume of concrete mixers, l	Brand concrete, m	Cement	Sand	Crusheden	Water
70	400	1,1	1,8	3,1	0,7
70	500	1	2	3,1	0,6
100	400	1,5	2,5	4,3	1
100	500	1,3	2,7	4,3	0,8
120	400	1,8	3	5	1,1
120	500	1,6	3,2	5	1
140	400	2,2	3,5	6	1,3
140	500	1,8	3,7	6	1,1
160	400	2,5	4	7	1,5
160	500	2,1	4,3	7	1,3
180	400	2,8	4,5	7,7	1,7
180	500	2,5	4,8	7,8	1,5
200	400	3	5	8,5	1,9
200	500	2,7	5,5	8,7	1,6
220	400	3,5	5,3	9,5	2
220	500	3	6	9,5	1,8
250	400	3,8	6,1	10,7	2,3
250	500	3,3	6,7	10,8	2

In domestic conditions operate on a simplified scheme. To knead concrete, the proportion is used: 1 bucket of cement, 0.5 buckets of water, 2 sand buckets and 4 buckets of rubble. If a plasticizer is added, then this is done in carefully stirred material, after which the concrete mixer is launched for a couple of minutes.

For foundation

For the construction of the foundation, depending on its type, the following cement marks are used: M200, M400 and M500. The calculation is carried out by the same scheme that is described above. The proportional ratio for the solution is selected 1: 3: 5 or 1: 2: 4 (cement: sand: crushed stone).

Cooking

Not all the masters know how to make a concrete properly, so that all components are thoroughly mixed. At the same time, it is important to trace that the consistency of the composition gets thick, and he did not stick.

To solve these issues, it is necessary to clearly know the proportions of the components and the outlining of the concrete mixer. Before starting cooking, it is better to carry out calculations and prepare the ingredients not to be distracted in the process.

The procedure is as follows:

1/2 part of the water is poured into the tank.
Almost the entire rubble falls asleep, and the concrete mixer turns on. At the beginning, it is necessary to put rubble in order to cope with the breakdown of a thick solution in the tank. This will avoid compete.
The entire volume of cement is poured. We mix the resulting composition until it becomes homogeneous.
Now, without stopping the device, the entire sand is poured. At this stage, it is necessary to be especially neat and attentive. The resulting composition should look homogeneous without sand lumps.
To finish cooking in the concrete mixer, the remaining part of the rubble is falling asleep. When the device thoroughly blears all the ingredients, the rest of the water fills in the tank. After that, the composition is brought to a homogeneous state.
When the mixture is ready, it needs to be carefully pouring. For this, the rotating concrete mixture is turned down in such a way that the solution resulted in the prepared tub.

Important!After the end of the kneading, it is necessary to wash the concrete mixer. For this use water and trowel. It is impossible to neglect this rule, even if this day is scheduled for another cup of concrete. Due to the residues of the old mixture in the new concrete, lumps often appear.

During the manufacture of concrete at home operate on a clear technology. In order for the composition to be durable and durable, it is impossible to ignore the nuances:
If at the pouring of concrete, errors were performed, emptiness are formed in the finished material. That this does not happen, a special vibrator is applied.
To fill the ribbon foundation, choose concrete brands above M200.
Pulling concrete at low temperatures is not recommended. Otherwise, weather conditions will destroy the structure of the composition, which will cause a destructive effect on the quality of the finished object.
If the fill is carried out at high temperatures, it follows 10-14 days after the fill moisturize concrete. Otherwise, cracks are formed on the surface.

When independent construction, the house has to prepare a concrete composition at home. To make a sturdy design, it is worth sticking to clear recommendations, carry out the accurate calculation of the components and comply with the load sequence. No need to be afraid to mix the ingredients and pour concrete, even if there is no experience in construction! If you consider this task carefully, then the end is the durable and durable design.

One of the essential building materials is concrete. As is known, it is not sold in its pure form, but is created directly at the facility, when using a special recipe and technology. The exact proportions of concrete in buckets for concrete mixers are determined by several factors, including the cement brand, the preparation method and the type of coming work.

general information

Even an inexperienced master knows what the concrete mix consists of. The principle of cooking this building materials is very simple: prepared cement, gravel and sand are flooded with liquid, and then stirred until the formation of a homogeneous mass. After that, the composition is poured into the prepared form and are waiting for its frost.

The procedure for creating concrete may be difficult if you lose a number of important working moments and nuances. One of them lies in the correct calculation of the proportions of elements for the upcoming kneading. The exact parameters are determined by the components and appointed concrete. As you know, the following types of mixtures are used in construction:

We must not have forgotten that the group of cellular materials includes solutions of thermal insulation, including polystyrene bonts, ceramzite concrete, arbolit. If their density corresponds to the required, it will make it possible to build a bearing wall structure with minimal thermal conductivity. Also, the material can be used to warm the walls already erected.

There are in the market and modified varieties of concrete, including hydrotechnical, auxiliary and special compositions. The first variety is resistant to moisture and is able to maintain high performance regardless of the surrounding effects.

The main components of the solution

It is no secret that the quality of building material and the service life of the construction, which will be erected directly dependes not only from correctly selected proportions, but also from the choice of key components. Before starting work, it is necessary to carefully consider the composition of the concrete brand of concrete, its properties and features of components.

As is known, concrete solutions are created from such parts:

Cement mix.
Sand.
Crushed stone.
Water.

The main element of each concrete mix is \u200b\u200bcement. It is from the quality of this component depending on the duration of the finite products and the strength of the future building. There is a wide variety of binding elements of various series and properties. Among their popularity is portland cement, which guarantees the best grip of substances and strength of the product.

On each packing of cement, the brand is indicated by the "M" symbol, as well as the measurement coefficient in the form of kg / cm3. The strength characteristics of the material depend on this designation. For example, the proportions of concrete M300 in buckets differ significantly from the proportions for the M400, M100, M150, M200, and so on.

When choosing a suitable brand, it is important to deal with the main characteristics of the series in advance and consult with a specialist. Depending on the individuality of the project, the brand and proportions of concrete may differ.

The next element in the concrete solution is sand. He plays a binder and is provided for by the preparation project. Experienced builders advise taking purified quartz or river sand with a small fraction - 1.2-3.5 millimeters. It is important to make sure that the component is completely clean and does not contain in the composition of clay impurities. Otherwise, the strength rate will seriously suffer. Before you begin mixing, sand needs to be sifted through a sieve with small cells, which will prevent third-party inclusions.

Crushed stone and water

Also, a large-caliber filler should be present in the composition of the concrete mix. We are talking about a crushed machine that gives the consistency with maximum strength and reliability. When erecting household structures, the optimal solution is grains with a diameter of 10-20 centimeters. If cells are larger, they will be indispensable for industrial activities.

The presence of water in the composition of the mixture is provided by individual building projects. The liquid used should be absolutely clean and not contain in its composition of all sorts of additives of chemical and oily character.

To knead concrete in a concrete mixer for household purposes, it is better to take rain or dilated water. If the scale of construction is industrial - it is quite suitable for the purified option.

If necessary, we will build a bearing wall structure better to prepare cement under the brands M400, M300, M500. To arrange partition structures, a brand 300 will completely come down. If we are talking about the construction with small dimensions, it is better to stop your choice on the M200 model.

To equip a qualitative basis for the convenient construction of the future room, it is better to take the M200 brand. If the roofing design is provided by the project, the concrete must be more durable and match the M400-500 series.

Skosting and plaster

As for the scene, it will truly qualitatively, if using the M50-M150 cement. As you know, such structures do not have to cope with large loads, therefore, for their construction, those series of cement mixtures are fully suitable, which do not have high strength. However, if you need to build gender, it is better to give preference to more durable products that will comply with the requirements of the floor covering.

Another important element of the mixture is plaster. In order for the material to show itself from the best side, it is better to include cement mixtures under M300-400 brands.

It makes no sense to buy large volumes of concrete if it is not spent in 30 days. The fact is that after 30 days, building materials will lose weight of its operational properties and will not be able to ensure the desired quality of construction. Already in two months, the loss will reach -10%, after six months - -50%, and in a year cement will generally become unsuitable for operation.

The main disadvantage of the cement mixture is commerciality. Such a problem is characteristic of cheap brands from dubious manufacturers. To avoid trouble, it is better not to save, buying unmarked, old or discounted cement.

Regardless of the vintage or modification features, the proportions for the cement mixture are measured by a unit installed - kilograms. If it is not possible to calculate each type of component in kg, you can apply the old Dedovsky method for measuring concrete. The proportions in buckets for concrete mixers were created back in the distant past.

It is important to remember that each concrete mixer can enjoy different tanks. An example of decrypting symbols may look like this:

"C" - the established volume of cement.
"P" - the volume of sand.
"Shch" - the volume of rubbank.
"C / C" is part of the water in the ratio with the cement.

If you prepare such a calculation, you can determine the volume of fluid without any particular difficulties. Example: For one part of cement, weighing 10 kg with / c \u003d 0.5, it will take about five liters of fluid.

When using wet fillers, the amount of liquid components is reduced. Otherwise, excess water will lead to a serious deterioration in the quality of concrete.

If we are talking about the proportions of concrete for the foundation in buckets, it is possible to improve its strength properties using superplasticizers. Such funds are sold in each construction hypermarket, and instructions for use, calculation and recipes are provided directly to the instructions.

Subtleties of the right kneading

In order for the cement mixture to be correct, and the final product has gained homogeneous consistency, it is important to be guided by some rules and take into account the recommendations of the experienced masters. So experts recommend to follow such advice:

Manual method

It is no secret that the concrete mixer is not every owner. However, this is not a problem at all, since when solving uncomplicated household problems, you can do the manual method of preparing cement. Back in the distant past, people used two buckets for such a goal and as much shovel to create high-quality mixtures for construction work.

So, the first bucket and shovel will be used exclusively for cement, so they should not be wet, and the second - for sand and crushed stone. After placing materials in the buckets, they need to be spawned on top to achieve maximum compliance with a valid measurement unit. Zam cement is better to carry out in a wide capacity, thoroughly stirring sand and crushed stone. From above of the formed mass, you need to make a small furrow for further addition of cement. Components need to be mixed until a thick homogeneous consistency appears with the appropriate tint.

After that, the mixture give a cone-shaped form, making in the center of the recess, and begin to fasten the liquid. The cement remaining at the edges of the cone falls asleep into the recess with water. It is important to wait until the composition is not completely soaked with liquid, and then repeat all stirring procedures. As soon as the concrete dough acquires the right state, it can be reached and pouring it on the buckets.

An important advice: when mixing the composition, water is better added in a small amount. Otherwise, excess liquid can reduce all efforts to zero.

If you properly follow the proportions of the composition of concrete in buckets and take into account the above recommendations, the preparation of the cement mixture will be carried out successfully. The final product will acquire the necessary ductility and homogeneity, and will not have emptiness. As a result, the design eats without deformations for an impressive period of time.

Choice

The foundation is the carrier part of any construction. To make it resistant to various loads, it is necessary to correctly select the composition of the concrete for it in this case, its resistance to loads on compression will be sufficient, which means that the pressure of the whole house will be able to withstand the pressure. Various is available, therefore there are several embodiments. Which one to choose to fill the foundation? You need to answer this question with two factors:

The characteristics of the structure (number of floors, weight, basement size).
The features of the soil on the site.

The choice of composition, taking into account the first factor, is made as follows:

M 150 is used to fill bases for frame and shield structures.
Under the light houses from the log and timber selected M 200.
M 300 under block and brick buildings.

Compound

Any concrete regardless of its brand consists of the following components:

Cement.
Sand.
Crushed stone or gravel.
Water.

It should be borne in mind, like many building mixtures, the shelf life of cement is limited. After a year of storage in the package, it significantly loses its activity that determines the properties and brand of material.

and gravel Just like sand in the solution act as aggregates. Thanks to them, the solution is less "sits", which makes a concrete structure more durable and durable. When choosing rubbent, pay attention to its form. Since the ease of pouring the concrete solution depends on it.

Video

Video on how to make concrete, as well as proportions in buckets.

Proportions of components

The correct ratio in the concrete solution of components is the key to obtaining high-quality material. The composition of concrete for the foundation of the proportion to one part of the cement powder is considered optimal for the construction of a private house for one part of the cement powder. Four pieces of rubbank (1/4). And in the proportion of cement and sand takes a ratio of 1 \\ 3, that is, on 1 part of the cement (M 400) there are 3 parts of the sand. In general, the weight of cement in cement mortar should be 1 \\ 4 from the entire mass.

300 kg of cement powder.
600 kg of sand.
1300 kg rubbank.

Cement 25 buckets.
Sand 43 buckets.
Crushed stone 20 buckets.

When determining the amount of water, the cement is focused on the measure: one bucket of the cement powder should be added not to complete the water bucket. This volume, depending on the situation, may vary. For example, if reinforced, the concrete is mixed more plastic so that it makes it easier to penetrate inside the frame.

Without practical, make it tough, it will speed up the frozen. In both cases, water needs to be added so much so that there are no puddles in the finished solution. To obtain one cube of concrete of different brands, the optimal ratio of components in the volume expression is set out in the table.

brand concrete	cement M 400.	sand	shubeble
M 150.	1 bucket	3 buckets	5 buckets
M 200.	1 bucket	2.5 buckets	4 buckets
M 300.	1 bucket	1.7 buckets	3 buckets

In these volumetric indicators, the bucket can be replaced by any measure of volume under the condition of preserving the proportion.

Deciding how to cook concrete for the foundation should be borne in mind that in addition to the proportions you need to know in which sequence is to lay the components. Initially, water flooded in the concrete mixer, a little less than the norm. Then he falls asleep septemberg. And then, cement with sand and again all components are thoroughly mixed.

At the very end, the remaining rubbank is falling asleep. After that, you need to give a concrete mixer a little time so that it moves well all the components. And finally, having estimated the lush of the solution, depending on the situation, add the rest of the water or leave as it is and even once again mix everything.

Conclusion

After a set of casting the foundation of the calculated hardness, To get rid of doubts about correctness you can check the compliance with the proportions and the brand of concrete. To do this, put the chisel to the surface of the casting and hit the hammer on it. On the usual concrete M 200 should remain a depth depth of no more than 5 mm.

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