Calculation of a wooden staircase with a turn through winders. Metal turning stairs with winder steps: features and benefits Concrete stairs with a 90 degree turn

When building houses with more than one floor, a common problem is the limited space for installing stairs. The most suitable option in such cases would be a metal turning staircase with winder steps. Such stairs, due to the variety of shapes, will fit well into a modern interior and save usable space.

Construction types

Usually, to go to the second floor, a staircase with one march is mounted. This ascent can be divided into two marches, then there should be a transition platform between them. To save space and a more aesthetic appearance, this platform is replaced with winder steps. Cross-country stairs are called stairs with steps in a shape resembling triangles or trapezoids, attached radially to one common support.

These stairs are of several types.

Screw. Looks like a spiral. Completely consist of winder steps.
Marching. Instead of transition platforms, there are winder steps with a 90-degree bend.
P - figurative. Parallel marches are interconnected by a 180 degree bend.
Mixed. The lower mid-flight and upper spiral staircases are interconnected by winder steps.

The requirements for turning stairs with winder steps are quite strict.

When installing such a ladder, comfortable, unhindered and safe movement should be ensured. For this, the following conditions must be taken into account when designing:

the width of the step along the line of motion (where the foot steps directly) is at least 200 mm, in its narrow part - 100 mm, and in the wide part - 400 mm;
the height of the tread should be equal on all march spans and comfortable for descent and ascent, from 120 to 220 mm is considered optimal;
for comfortable movement, the distance between the ceiling and the steps should be equal to the height of a tall person plus 10 cm, but not less than two meters;
the recommended angle of inclination of the stairs is 30-45 degrees;
the angle of rotation should be equal to or slightly greater than the angle of inclination of the stairs;

railings are installed parallel to the angle of inclination of the stairs at a height of 0.8-1.0 m;
the optimal width of the flight of stairs is not less than 0.9 m;
the stairs must be freely accessible;
the structure is located in a less visited part of the room, for example, in the corner;
the installation of a metal staircase in a wooden building must be done after the house shrinks, otherwise a structural failure may occur.

Advantages and disadvantages

Like all stairs, winder ones also have their pros and cons.

The advantages of these structures include:

possibility of installation outdoors and indoors;
saving space not only on the first, but also on subsequent floors;
thanks to the variety of shapes and designs, you can create a unique work of art that fits into any interior in an original way;
long service life;
design reliability.

The disadvantages include:

for safety and ease of use, accurate design calculations are required;
high risk of injury and inconvenience when moving due to the width of the steps: wider outside and narrow inside (absent with proper design);
the noise emitted when walking (is eliminated by finishing the steps with a coating of wood, rubber, tiles, etc.);
painting or enameling is required, except if the structure is made of stainless steel;
high price both when buying a finished product, and when making it yourself;
self-installation requires knowledge of welding production and appropriate equipment.

Design of a turning staircase with winder steps

One of the main stages in the construction of stairs is design. It depends on it what dimensions and appearance the future interfloor transition will have.

Design includes the following stages:

taking measurements;
carrying out calculations;
drawing up a diagram - a drawing according to which the turning staircase will be mounted.

Initially, they determine the location of the stairs and measure the length, height, width of the space under the flight of stairs. The type and size of the future interlevel transition depends on the amount of free space.

For each turntable, a corresponding calculation is carried out.

Calculation of the number of steps

For a more accurate calculation, you can use the formula N=H1/H2, where:

N is the number of steps;
H1 - span height;
H2 - step height.

If you do not get an integer, then you need to change the height of all steps or only the first. You can substitute a platform with the missing height under the flight of stairs.

Winder steps are not advised to install more than 3-5 pieces, otherwise the steps will turn out to be narrow and inconvenient for climbing.

For products with a sharp turn

At the initial design stage, the master determines the axis from which the staircase bend radius is located. For a bend at an angle of 90 degrees, the axis is at the junction of the lines of the extreme straight steps in marches. If the angle is 180 - then right between the two spans. So that the steps are not too narrow, the axis can be moved out of the span by 1/8 of the width of the march.

The outer edge of the running section is equal to the gap from the axis to the outer edge of the straight march steps. And also from the axis, you can draw arcs passing along the inner edge and the middle line.

Along the line of motion, it is necessary to set aside segments equal to the width of the foot, approximately 200 mm long. Draw rays from the central axis through these segments. This will be the silhouette of the future steps.

For a model with a smooth transition

Stairs with a steep transition are inconvenient for movement, so a softer transition is often used.

In such a transition, the change of steps into a triangular shape begins even with a marching flight.

For U-shaped stairs

Initially, the contours of the march spans are indicated on the drawing. There should be ¼ of their width between them. The radius of curvature of the running section is equal to half the width between marches plus the width of the march. Then this radius is laid off from the upper edge of the winder steps and the axis of curvature of the flight of stairs is found.
After the radius of curvature has been found, the upper and lower arcs of the march turn and the middle of the stairs are drawn from the axis.
The next stage is the distribution of steps. It is recommended to start from the center. Segments with a length equal to the width of the step are laid along the midline. This line should be exactly in the middle of the step, and from this line the following steps are sequentially marked.

Unlike a soft transition, you need to decide where the running section will begin. The fewer steps there are in this area, the safer and more convenient this area will be.

For stairs with 90 degree turn

To save space and securely fix the structure, it is more convenient to install it in the corner of the room.

The calculation must begin with a drawing of a circle with a radius equal to 1/2 of the span width. In the future, this will be the middle line on the winder section.

In relation to the vertical of this circle, we draw a line (axis of rotation) at an angle of 45 degrees. The tangent line to the axes of the circle indicates the line of movement along the stairs. Then this line is divided into segments equal to the average width of the steps.

There can be two options for the distribution of steps:

the axis of rotation bisects the middle step;
steps are proportionally deposited on both sides of the axis of rotation.

Then we find the point of intersection of the last step of the lower march and the first step of the upper march. This will be the center from which the radial lines are drawn through the segments on the line of motion. This center can be adjusted in order to maintain the size of the outer step width of 400 mm and the inner one of 100 mm. These lines are the contours of the steps.

The resulting drawing is a scale diagram of the stairs.

To obtain more accurate dimensions, it is better to calculate in a graphical editor or a special computer program. The programs will allow you to create a three-dimensional model indicating all the parameters.

The most famous programs are:

"Compass"- You do not need to have special skills to work in it;
solidworks- a program for the creation of engineering structures;
Consultec Staircon- will allow you to create a 3D project and calculate the necessary costs.

But the data obtained when drawing up a drawing on paper is enough to build a reliable and durable staircase. For ease of construction and obtaining the most approximate dimensions, such drawings are best drawn up on graph paper. This will make it easier to convert actual sizes. And minor inconsistencies can be eliminated during the installation process.

Specify the required dimensions

X- stair opening width
Y- opening height
Z- ladder width
F- ledge steps
W- step thickness
C- the number of all steps
C1- the number of steps on the lower march
C2- number of turning steps

reference

Calculation of stairs with 90° turning steps.

A wooden staircase with turning steps allows you to significantly save space in the house without losing convenience and functionality.

When calculating, pay attention to the optimal number of rotary steps. In my experience, 3 steps are optimal with a staircase width of 80 cm. More - the steps will be too narrow and therefore uncomfortable.

If the opening is located only above the top of the stairs, then the height at the turning point before the overlap is important in order to avoid head injuries. It must be at least 2 meters.

With this design, the width of the stairs plays an important role. Since it directly affects the convenience of turning steps. The wider the staircase - the more steps can be used without loss of convenience.

Due to the variety of projects and designs, the railing for stairs in the program is not calculated in any way and is not shown.

Important! Pay attention to the dimensions of the turning steps. To get the dimensions of the step - do not forget to add the size of the protrusion to these dimensions.

The calculation of a stone staircase for is no different from the calculation of a wooden or metal staircase. The main thing is to correctly calculate the dimensions of the steps. Their height must be the same for all its parts.

The calculation of the convenience of the stairs is calculated by a formula based on the length of the step.
Human stride length ranges from 60 to 66 cm, with an average of 63 cm.
A comfortable staircase corresponds to the formula: 2 step heights + step depth = 63 ± 3 cm.

The most comfortable slope of the stairs is from 30° to 40°.
The depth of the steps of the stairs should correspond to shoe size 45 - at least 28-30 cm.
The lack of depth can be compensated by the protrusion of the step.
The height of the step should be up to 20-25 cm.

The program will draw drawings of stairs with turning steps with basic angles and dimensions.
The drawings show the overall dimensions of the stairs, marking the top of the steps on the bowstrings, the corners of the steps and the main dimensions of the steps themselves.

I hope the program will help you design and make a staircase for your summer cottage or home with your own hands.

Specify the required dimensions in millimeters

X- the length of the opening that the stairs will occupy
Y- height from the floor level of the first floor to the floor level of the second floor
E- ladder width
F- ledge steps
Z- step thickness

C- the number of all steps
P- number of steps + platform

The calculation of turning stairs is somewhat more complicated than the calculation of straight stairs.
The calculation of the convenience of the stairs is calculated by a formula based on the length of the step.
Human stride length ranges from 60 to 66 cm, with an average of 63 cm.
A comfortable staircase corresponds to the formula: 2 step heights + step depth = 63 ± 3 cm.

You can also achieve the convenience of a turntable by changing the height of the platform.

The program will draw drawings of the turning stairs with basic angles and dimensions.
The drawings show the overall dimensions of the stairs, marking the top of the steps on the bowstrings, the corners of the steps and the main dimensions of the steps themselves.

It often happens that the insufficient area of \u200b\u200bthe premises in a private house simply does not allow the construction of an ordinary single-flight staircase to the second floor. We have to look for another solution - to divide the rise into two marches or fit a screw structure into the available space.

Or you can combine these approaches - the staircase will have two flights, but between them there is not a platform, but a section of the ascent of the spiral type, for the transition between straight segments. On this site, the so-called winder steps are mounted, which allow you to change the direction of the stairs. The design, of course, becomes more complicated, but the required compactness of the interfloor transition is achieved.

Can a winder staircase be built with your own hands? Yes, definitely. But in order to understand this issue, it is first necessary to consider what structures with winder steps are, learn how to calculate them.

Winder stairs

First of all, it must be said that steps are called winders, having the shape of a regular or irregular triangle and located almost always on the same support. Such steps can completely form the structure of the stairs or replace the platform between two flights in it.

Stairs with winder steps include several types of structures:

The most accurate, convenient and reliable calculation stairs with a turn of 90 degrees in Runet. Based on the results of the calculation, you will receive all the necessary data for the manufacture of a two-flight staircase with a 90-degree turn with detailed detailed drawings of each element and an adaptive 3D model.

90 degree stair calculator with landing

Staircase with 90° turn(L-shaped staircase) is a structure of two marches located relative to each other at right angles and interconnected by a turntable. It is the most popular type of construction, as it has a small size and allows installation in openings with a small area, while maintaining a comfortable step height.

Calculator of stairs with a 90-degree turn with a platform from KALC.PRO allows you to get details, necessary for the manufacture of stringers, steps, risers, platforms, railings, balusters and much more. In addition, you get a complete set of staircase drawings (assembly or individual elements) in different projections, and virtual scene elements (3D model) allow you to evaluate the design in a given opening in real proportions and make a final decision on the need to use this particular structure.

Instruction

In order to get a calculation on our calculator, you need to select or enter:

Units. Choose from mm, cm, m, inches, feet, default see.
Ladder option. Right hand or left hand design.
opening dimensions. Height, length, width of the opening.
steps. Quantity (upper, lower), thickness, protrusion. It is also necessary to note the upper step will be located at the level of the 2nd floor or not.
risers. Optional.
Kosoura. Thickness and width.
overlap. The thickness of the ceiling, the protrusion above the opening, the indent from the wall.
fencing. Height, width and thickness of handrails, baluster section.
Wall. Thickness.

After that, press the button " Calculate».

If you do not know the initial data that is needed to calculate the 90 ° turntable, you should read the following paragraph, which presents the optimal dimensions of structural elements in private homes. Recommended reading.

We warn you that for the construction of stairs there are certain building codes and regulations governing the methods of calculating loads and strength, dimension, quality of materials, and so on. It is necessary to design a staircase only in accordance with these rules, which include various SNIPs and GOSTs, in order to avoid the collapse of the structure, or its increased risk of injury.

Calculation of stairs online with a 90° turn with a platform on our website allows you to avoid most of the difficulties. Possible errors will be highlighted in red in the "Calculation results" block.

For the calculation of wooden stairs, whole “convenience formulas” have been derived. In construction practice, the generally accepted most commonly used parameters for comfortable, durable and safe stairs have been formed. For example, most masters use the well-known formula of the “ideal safe staircase”, which was developed several centuries ago by an architect. François Blondel:

Convenient staircase formula: 2 × h + s = 60/65 cm

h is the height of the steps;
s is the length of the steps.

Ladder angle. A comfortable angle of inclination of a wooden staircase is between 30-45 degrees.
Ladder width. For the optimal span width of one march in a private house, 90-110 cm is taken, with insufficient space in a private house, the stairs can be made narrower, but not less than 80 cm.
Height and width of steps. According to practice, the ideal step height is in the range of 15-17 cm, the optimal step width is 27-30 cm.
Thickness of steps, risers and stringers. The elements are made of wooden boards, for the riser about 3 cm thick, and for steps - 4 cm, stringers - 5-7 cm.
Minimum overhang. The minimum step protrusion above the riser is 30 mm, the maximum for a wooden staircase is 40 mm.
Number of steps. The maximum number for one flight of stairs is 18 pieces. On average, it is recommended to use 10-12 pieces.
fences. For safety reasons, the height of the railing should be above 90 cm.

Calculation result

As a result of using our program for calculating stairs to the second floor with a 90 ° turn with a landing, you will receive the following information:

The amount of material needed, i.e. full estimate for making stairs.
The angle of inclination of the stairs, as well as recommendations for the optimal height and width of the step.
Stringer parameters for two flights of stairs separately.
The length, width and height of the steps.
Riser parameters, if you decide to use them,
Dimensions of the platform connecting both flights of stairs.

Stair drawing with 90° rotation

Also, the online calculator will prepare for you 4 drawings of stairs with a platform: various views of the structure (side, top), drawing of stringers (upper, lower) - all with detailed labels.

3D model of stairs

A 3D model of an L-shaped staircase with a platform on stringers allows a preliminary assessment of the resulting structure in real proportions. Pay attention to the buttons of the tab " View in 3D". With their help, you can enable or disable various elements of the virtual scene in order to design with maximum convenience.

To zoom in/out the structure, you need to use mouse wheel.
To rotate the structure - use left mouse button(LMB).
To change the starting point of view - hold right mouse button(PKM).