What does an embryo look like at an early stage? intrauterine development. Video about intrauterine development
There are 4 periods in human embryogenesis:
1. Initial(1 week of development, until the implantation of the embryo into the uterine mucosa).
2. Embryonic(2-8 weeks).
3. Prefetal(9-12 weeks). = larval in animals
4. Fetal(13 weeks - birth). = metamorphosis
In the embryonic period, gastrulation, blastulation, and neurulation occur. In the prefetal, there is an intensive organogenesis, anatomical laying of organs. The fetal period is characterized by the creation of the fetus under the protection of the membranes.
In the initial period there is zygote- 1 embryonic cell, separate sections of the cytoplasm are determined in it, DNA and protein synthesis occurs. The zygote has a bisymmetric structure. Gradually, there is a violation of the ratio of the nucleus and cytoplasm, as a result, the process of division - crushing is stimulated
The cleavage stage is a period of intense cell divisions. The size of the embryo does not increase, and synthetic processes are active. There is an intensive synthesis of DNA, RNA, histone and other proteins.
Crushing performs the following functions:
A sufficient number of cells necessary for the formation of tissues and organs is formed.
Redistribution of yolk and cytoplasm between daughter cells. 1 and 2 furrows of division go along the meridian, and 3 along the equator. Closer to the animal pole.
The plan of the embryo is determined - dorsal-abdominal axis, anterior-posterior axis.
Nuclear-cytoplasmic relations are normalized. The number of cores grows, the volume and mass remain the same.
Gradually, the division slows down.
In a woman, one day after fertilization, crushing begins in the second third of the oviduct. Simultaneously with this process, the zygote moves along the oviduct to the uterine cavity. Cells of 2 types are formed: smaller ones, later they give rise to auxiliary tissue - the trophoblast, and larger cells - the embryoblast - the "rudiment of the embryo", will give rise to all cells of the body and cells of some auxiliary parts.
On the 6-7 day after fertilization, the human embryo is 0.5 mm in size and consists of 200 cells. It begins to attach to the inner wall of the uterus, penetrates into the uterine mucosa, and implantation occurs. During the day, it sinks halfway, after another day - completely. Then the trophoblast develops powerfully - villi, outgrowths are formed that come into contact with the mother's blood, receiving nutrients and supplying them to the embryo.
On the 2 weeks extra-embryonic parts grow, i.e. those parts that are formed by the embryo, but at first play an auxiliary role - amnion, chorion, yolk sac. These are provisional organs - cenogenetic structures that do not take part in the formation of an adult organism. The cellular material from which the embryo develops is the germinal shield. At the early stages, preparatory work is underway, it is not the embryo itself that develops, but parts that create the necessary conditions for the existence of the embryo and provide the functions of respiration, nutrition, excretion of metabolic products, creating a liquid environment around the embryo to protect it.
3 week- the placenta is formed, gr. "Cake". Consists of 2 parts - germinal and maternal. Germinal - trophoblast and some other tissues (chorion - Greek "sheath, afterbirth"). Maternal - a highly modified uterine mucosa. In it, the vessels are destroyed, the connective tissue is loosened, and the epithelium is also destroyed. Chorionic villi "bath" in maternal blood. The area of the placental plexus is 5 square meters, and the total length of the chorionic villi is 5 km. Maternal and fetal organisms do not have a common blood flow, the blood does not mix. Nutrients pass through the walls of the chorion. In a 3-week-old embryo, umbilical vessels appear that grow into the walls of the chorion and perform functions. Nutrition.
4 week. The dimensions of the embryo together with the chorion are 5-7 mm. A new stage begins. The body of the embryo is separated from the extraembryonic parts. The embryo rises above the amniotic fluid, with which it is then connected only by the umbilical vessels. In the course of embryonic development, a yolk sac appears early in a person - the first hematopoietic organ that stores and processes the yolk, the first organ of respiration and nutrition. Primary sex cells begin to form in the yolk sac. There is a blindly closed intestine from 2 sides. The liver is a hematopoietic organ. The heart is beating. By the end of 4 weeks there is a rudiment of the respiratory system. Sizes up to 30mm.
The intestine grows in length, in a straightened state it does not fit and begins to bend. By the end of 4 weeks, spatulas appear on the sides. Nerves and muscles grow into them - future arms and legs. By the end of the week, there is differentiation into parts, by the 5th week, sections of the embryo are invaginated on the sides of the back of the head and neck - 4 pairs of gill slits are formed, parts of the foregut protrude from the inside, form 4 gill pockets. There is no connection between gill slits and gill pockets. The middle ear is formed from 1 pair of gill slits. Of the rest - the thyroid and goiter glands.
From 4 weeks, the nervous system begins to form. Formation of the neural tube (neural plate - neural groove - neural tube). At the anterior end of the neural plate, 3 cerebral vesicles appear, at week 6 there are already 5 cerebral vesicles that correspond to the parts of the brain, auditory vesicles, eye glasses, and olfactory fossae appear. Mesoderm differentiation occurs. A tail is formed (day 34) up to 10 mm.
At 2 months the primary sex glands are laid, where the primary germ cells migrate from the yolk sac.
On the week 8 there is a rapid development of the amniotic membrane and the accumulation of fluid.
9-10 weeks- the formation of kidneys, nephrons are formed during the entire embryogenesis and another 20 days after birth.
7 week- the formation of dental plates.
Start 3 months. The fruit is formed. Within a month, the tail disappears (cell death under the action of lysosomal enzymes), and rudimentary vertebrae remain. The head in development is ahead of the body, then the proportions are restored.
Start 4 months. Sizes 20-22cm. the muscular system is formed, they begin to move.
5 month. The whole body is covered with hair.
The upper limbs grow faster than the lower ones and appear earlier.
How exciting it is to watch the development of the fetus during pregnancy week by week. Thanks to this page, you can always be aware of what is happening with your baby. Add the page to your bookmarks, social networks and make new discoveries with us!
First trimester
Week 1
In the first week, a “meeting” of the spermatozoon and the egg takes place, as a result of which one cell is formed, the size of a grain of salt. But it already contains a set of chromosomes - 46 pieces inherited from parents. It contains all the information about the gender and appearance of the future baby. Within seven days, the cell develops and turns into a multicellular organism, which is called a morula, later it attaches to the wall of the uterus - it is implanted. Thus, the fetus begins to feed and receive oxygen from the mother.
2 weeks
Morula cells grow into the lining of the uterus.
The placenta and umbilical cord begin to form.
The appearance of the neural tube ensures the future development of the baby's nervous system.
3 week
By the end of the third week, the most important organs begin to form in the embryo - the digestive and excretory, respiratory and nervous systems, and the spinal cord. The placenta continues to form. It is noteworthy that it is on the 21st day that the heart of the future baby is already beating!
4 week
At week 4, the formation of the spine occurs, the rudiments of the liver, kidneys, intestines, and lungs are already visible. The folds of the future body appear, by the 25th day the formation of the neural tube is completed. It becomes noticeable division of the embryo into two parts - upper and lower. The first pits on the head appear - the future eyes.
5 week
The active development of the embryo continues, the places where the head, stomach and legs, back will be are expressed. The nervous system of the embryo is being formed, its length is only 2-2.5 millimeters, but it can already be seen on ultrasound. At this time, you can see how many embryos have been formed and where exactly they are located. By the end of the fifth week, the rudiments of the umbilical cord are already visible, the places where the arms and legs form, and the nasal cavities and upper lip appear on the head.
6 week
During this period, the embryo is visible on ultrasound, its size is 5-6 millimeters. A large head is highlighted, auricles are formed on it, while they are shallow depressions on the sides. The places of formation of the nose and eyes become noticeable. In 30 days, the cell has grown 10 thousand times, and fingers are already barely visible on the handles. At the sixth week, the placenta begins to function, although the blood circulation is not yet fully formed. This week, the baby's brain can already send signals. The heart of the embryo is divided into chambers, the kidneys, ureters, stomach are formed, the small and large intestines develop. The liver and pancreas are formed.
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7 week
This week is notable for the fact that the unborn baby begins to move. True, it is still impossible to feel it, it is too small, the size of a grape. By the end of the seventh week, the eyelids, the outer and inner ear are formed, the heart develops, it finally divides into 4 chambers. Vessels are formed, the esophagus, trachea, rectum and lungs are formed. The first bone cells are created. The baby's head is large, his eyes are closed, he can open and close his mouth, move his arms.
8 week
By this time, the baby is already more like a person. His face is formed, his nose, nostrils and mouth are visible, a tongue appears, and even facial expressions begin to develop.
The heart is actually ready, the stomach falls into place.
The reproductive system develops, the testicles form in boys. The limbs lengthen, hips, knees, elbows, shoulders appear.
9 week
The baby's back is straightened, the nervous system is actively developing: the cerebellum appears. Bone and muscle tissue develops, ossification occurs, fingers form, the baby can even squeeze them, but as long as they are interconnected by membranes. Cartilage tissue is also formed, auricles, larynx, and vocal cords are formed. The baby's face is already clearly visible, but the chin is still pressed to the chest, and the eyes are covered with a membrane. The head remains large. The baby's circulatory system improves, it beats heartily, making up to 150 beats per minute. But the blood still consists of only erythrocytes.
10 week
This is the last important week, when the internal organs of the unborn child end up forming. The most difficult time is left behind, if doctors do not point out any dangerous pathologies in the development of the child during this period, we can assume that he is growing healthy! By the end of this period, the child's body becomes fully formed, he only has to develop further and grow. His height reaches only 4 centimeters, and his weight is no more than 20 grams. The baby's brain is actively working, he responds with certain movements to stimuli. When he touches his stomach, he turns his head in this direction, moves his arms, pushes, but due to his small size, his movements are not yet noticeable. The genitals develop, the boy begins to produce the male hormone testosterone at this moment. The emerging neck separates the head from the body, the face is fully formed, and it can be seen on ultrasound. A sucking reflex is formed, he even tries to make such movements with his lips. The diaphragm is fully formed and ready to participate in fetal breathing.
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11 week
Unusual appearance of the baby is the norm. A large head, long arms and short legs indicate that the brain is actively growing and developing, and this is normal. From this week, the intestines and kidneys of the baby are put into work, the genitals appear. An iris forms on the eyeball. The placenta is completely ready by this time, it provides the fetus with nutrients.
12 week
The baby has a well-developed vestibular apparatus, he can navigate in space, and reacts to external stimuli. He hears, and the sharp sounds coming from the outside world disturb him greatly. He tries to protect himself from light exposure with his hands, squeezes his hands, sucks his fingers. The formation of sexual organs occurs, the digestive system improves, the intestines grow and take the correct shape. The composition of the blood changes, new blood cells appear - leukocytes. The baby can imitate breathing movements, although his lungs will open only at birth.
13 week
The baby continues to develop, the arms have become normal length, the ultrasound shows how he sucks his thumb. The first four ribs appear, the pancreas begins to produce insulin. The proportions of the body are gradually changing, and the head no longer seems so big. At week 13, the rudiments of milk teeth are formed.
14 week
The first trimeter of the development of the baby, the most difficult and responsible, is behind. The weight of the future baby reaches only 70-80 grams, height - a maximum of 9-10 centimeters. The first hair appears on his head, he has learned to squint and frown. His movements are varied, but he still feels free in the uterus, lacks its walls. The baby's bones acquire strength, the development of the kidneys and urinary system completely ends, urine even begins to be excreted into the amniotic fluid. The change also applies to sexual development, in a boy a prostate gland is formed, and in girls, the ovaries migrate into the pelvic cavity. This week you can already determine the sex of the baby.
Second trimester
15 week
A quiet time begins when the baby just grows in the womb. He can bend arms and legs, the heart works perfectly, pumping about 23 liters of blood per day. At this point, you can determine the blood type and Rh factor of the baby. There is an initial formation of eyebrows. The baby's skin is still very thin, blood vessels are visible through it. An individual pattern begins to form on the fingers. The intestines and urinary system work perfectly, the production of meconium, the original feces, begins.
16 week
The kid has learned to straighten his head, facial expressions are becoming more and more interesting, the first semblance of a smile appears. Coordination of movements expands, and marigolds begin to appear on the fingers. Thanks to good calcium reserves, the formation of small bones begins. Hair on the head becomes more and more fluffy, eyebrows and cilia become visible on the face. The girl's ovaries completely descend into the pelvic region. By this period, the placenta is fully formed and begins to function fully.
17 week
The baby hears the voices and sounds of the world around him, this is the best time to start communicating with him, listening to good music together. By this time, the child begins to actively learn to use his body, checks facial expressions, plays with arms and legs. At this stage, the gender is already clearly visible. Fatty tissue begins to form under the skin, the places where the teeth appear are covered with dentin. The baby's heartbeat is already audible with a stethoscope, it is already quite distinct. The position of the fetus begins to change, the head is almost always in an upright position.
18 week
This week, the baby’s movements become most noticeable, he has grown up, the bones become stronger, which allows him to often change position, cross his legs and even do somersaults. But movements are felt, up to 10 episodes of movement per day are considered normal. The baby reacts vividly to the emotional state of the mother, he worries and experiences stress with her.
19 week
At week 19, the normal proportions of the baby's body begin to form, more hair appears, the movements are already more tangible, they can be felt by placing a hand on the stomach. Active hematopoiesis occurs, the composition of the blood approaches the standard, lymphocytes and monocytes appear. Brown fat is formed, which provides protection from temperature changes after birth. Later, thermoregulation will begin to work. The endocrine system develops, the pituitary gland, pancreas and adrenal glands, thyroid, gonads function.
20 week
The height of the baby can be from 18 to 25 centimeters, body weight - 350 grams. The skin is covered with a special lubricant and fluff, it is still quite thin. Marigolds are already formed on the fingers and toes. The child's activity increases many times, he is engaged in physical education, swimming from one wall of the uterus to another, reacts sharply to disturbances and sharp sounds from outside. The baby can hiccup, suck his finger, during this period he already has a pronounced facial expression. He frowns and smiles, closes his eyes and blinks.
21 weeks
The activity of the baby is very high, he is constantly on the move, changes position as he pleases. He learned to swallow amniotic fluid, which is mostly absorbed by his body. The blood is saturated with red and white blood cells, the subcutaneous fat layer increases. The skin becomes more wrinkled, folds form. The baby will sleep less, devoting more time to being awake.
22 week
At this time, the baby begins to work out the grasping reflex. The genitals continue to develop, the girl already has a developed uterus and vagina, and the boy's testicles descend into the scrotum. Its size reaches 28 centimeters, and its weight is almost half a kilogram. The dimensions of the body become more proportional, while the legs are constantly bent. The spine is fully formed, the bone tissue is being strengthened. The baby is actively exploring his body, feeling his legs and head. The nervous and cardiovascular systems are improved, the heart increases in size.
23 week
The activity of the child is still on top. There is a process of building up fat, the baby is already moving more gently. Swallowing amniotic fluid can lead to hiccups, then bouncing inside will be felt. The lungs form a special substance that will allow them to open up in the future. The baby actively reproduces respiratory movements, up to 50 times per minute. Outwardly, the baby is still red and wrinkled, but this is a temporary phenomenon. Until a good subcutaneous fatty tissue is formed, it will remain so.
24 week
The baby's weight gain is up to 170 grams per week, the pace will continue until birth. Lungs mature, eyelashes and eyebrows appear, hair grows. The sweat-fatty glands begin to work. At this time, the child shows his emotions, he can express dissatisfaction and even burst into tears. His movements are more clear and directed. During this period, the baby and mother establish an emotional connection, the child feels and reacts to everything that happens outside. He experiences sensations, he develops smell, touch, taste and hearing. At night he sleeps and even dreams!
25 week
This week is significant in that the baby's lungs are actively formed, small elements of the lung tissue - the alveoli, begin to produce a special substance - a surfactant, which prevents the lungs from losing shape. Holes appear in the nose. The bone marrow develops further, the skin becomes elastic, the folds gradually disappear due to the accumulation of subcutaneous fat. The position of the baby can still be any, as long as it fits freely in the uterus.
26 week
Most of the time the baby spends in one position - rolled into a ball, and the legs are tucked in. From this week, he will learn to open his eyes and focus his gaze. The development of bone and muscle tissue, the accumulation of subcutaneous tissue continues. This week, the formation of the genital organs in girls is being completed. Another sensation is added - the sense of smell. The baby is beginning to smell. If a child is born at this time, he will already be able to survive with proper care.
27 week
This week, the retina of the eye is formed in the child, photosensitivity appears, and its own metabolism begins to form. The baby is already able to calm himself on his own, he sucks his thumb at will.
third trimester
28 week
At this age, the baby is already fully viable. It reaches weight - 900-1000 grams, height - 36-40 centimeters. The skin becomes denser, the fluff on the body gradually falls off. The situation is not yet final, but there is enough time to decide. The baby hears well, recognizes the voice of his mother, gradually masters the language spoken by his parents. Eyelashes, eyebrows and hair on the head darken. During this period, the future left or right-handedness depends on the development of one or another hemisphere.
29 week
The weight is actively growing, the respiratory organs are finally formed, a sufficient number of bronchi and alveoli appear.
The circulation of the fetus is still different from the newborn, but the load on the cardiovascular system is high.
The fetus already occupies a certain location, lies upside down or buttocks.
30 week
The weight of the child can reach 1.5 kilograms. This is the time to gain weight, the child's brain and nervous system are fully formed, he perfectly perceives words and movements. The child finally adapts to the lack of space and takes a comfortable position.
When a new life is born in a woman's stomach, this process can only be compared with magic. The body of the expectant mother is being rebuilt in a different way, so it makes sense to consider pregnancy by weeks in detail. The development of the fetus occurs gradually, at the same time, the sensations of the woman also change.
Description of pregnancy by week: what does a woman feel, how does the fetus develop?
Below we describe all the aspects that affect the development of the fetus by week of pregnancy. We will give a complete description of the changes in the body of the expectant mother.
WEEK #1
This period refers to the last day of the menstrual cycle. But do not mistakenly believe that conception occurs during this period.
The birth of a new life varies depending on ovulation and can occur after 2-3 weeks. You can find out that the long-awaited event has happened by the changed basal temperature.
You should not hope for a test at home, pregnancy during this period cannot be detected even by a blood test for hCG. All signs of the birth of the fetus in the womb are absent, the lady can only rely on her intuition.
How does fertilization take place?
In the fallopian tube, the sperm and the egg merge, this process gives rise to fertilization. As a result of such changes in the body of a woman, only one cell is created, which is called a zygote. It is the basis for the formation of all the most important systems and organs over the next 9 months.
In the body of a woman, changes begin to occur. On days 5-6, an increase in the synthesis of hCG hormones can be detected. The woman's immune system is drastically reduced in order to keep the embryo intact.
Below we will describe the pregnancy by week, indicate how the fetus develops and find out the feelings of the woman. After fertilization, the expectant mother is unlikely to notice strong changes. In terms of physiology, they will be seen later. However, weakness, irritability, drowsiness may be felt.
WEEK #2
If we consider pregnancy from the point of view of obstetrics, this particular week is considered the period of ovulation. The body prepares for reproduction, the egg is released by the ovaries. For some, multiple conceptions occur at this time. Over the next 22-24 hours, the egg is waiting for conception, while the sperm can live for about 5 days.
If the cycle includes 28 calendar days, the ovulation period relies on the middle of this period. Conventionally, we can say that on the 14th day the egg matures. In cases where conception has not occurred, an unfertilized egg will be released during menstruation after 2 weeks.
The symptoms of pregnancy and the sensations of a woman include changes in the hormonal environment, hypersensitivity to various aromas and tastes. Some ladies feel that they are pulling the lower abdomen, and sensitivity is also developing in terms of sexual desire. These signs cannot be called accurate, usually a woman does not notice them in the early stages.
WEEK #3
Conception occurs according to the following scheme: the strongest sperm make their way to the egg in just a couple of hours, the remaining "losers" die under the influence of the reproductive activity of the female body.
The zygote enters the uterus and prepares to attach to the uterine walls. The process of implantation itself is accompanied by discharge from the vagina, the expectant mother in normal cases does not notice them.
As for the feelings of a woman, everything depends on her susceptibility to physiological changes. Some after fertilization feel dizziness, apathy, vomiting, general depression.
At week 3, it is extremely important to ensure that the body is saturated with protein, iron, potassium and folic acid. All this mineral-vitamin complex can be purchased at a pharmacy. You can not overwork, so as not to face complications.
WEEK #4
The fourth week gives rise to the formation of amniotic fluid and the placenta. They protect the fetus from damage and regulate its proper development.
In addition, the head of the child begins to emerge, and a foundation of three layers is formed for the further development of the most important organs and systems. The father's genes are responsible for them.
Weekly pregnancy includes the development of the embryo (fetus). We will describe its appearance, and indicate the sensations of a woman. At this stage, the formation of the skeleton of the infant, the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, the thyroid gland, the liver, and the brain begins.
Mom suffers from toxicosis in the morning, she feels dizzy, her mammary glands enlarge, her nipples become painful and sensitive.
At the same time, there is a sharp change in behavior and mood, a surge of strength and vigor, or, conversely, a drowsy state. It is also worth mentioning the weakening of the immune system and high susceptibility to viruses, irritability, nervousness.
You can identify the birth of a fetus in the womb by visiting an ultrasound room or by doing a pharmacy test. In the fourth week, it is important to switch to proper nutrition, rest more, give up crowded places in order to avoid illness, try not to catch a cold.
WEEK #5
During this period, a woman can already feel her delicate situation, because there is a delay in menstruation, they no longer go for a whole week. In addition to the unstable psycho-emotional background, there is another symptom of pregnancy - physiological.
Some mucus comes out of the vagina, similar to the protein of a chicken egg. It is at this stage that a cork is formed, which is designed to protect the fetus from infectious infections.
If there are problems with the concentration of glucose in the blood and the level of hemoglobin, pregnancy by weeks (week 5) is accompanied by the correct development of the fetus and unstable sensations of the woman. Namely, there are dizziness, in some cases - fainting.
Also, the expectant mother may experience soreness in the lower abdomen, as if “pulling” it. This is a natural process, but it is imperative to consult a doctor.
The woman experiences changes in the emotional environment. She feels responsible for a new life in the womb, experiences excitement and some fear for the baby.
Pregnancy by weeks, the development of the fetus with a photo will seem impressive. The fruit has already reached its first impressive size, about 1.6-2.1 cm. In appearance, the small head and elongated body resemble a tadpole.
Mom must drink vitamin B9 (folic acid) without fail, which will ensure the maintenance of the psycho-emotional background and comfort during the fifth week.
WEEK #6
Weekly pregnancy implies that in order to determine the development of the fetus, it is necessary to do an ultrasound, starting directly from the sensations of the woman. To understand that the fetus is formed correctly, the measurement of the coccyx-parietal size (KTP) will help. If the indicators are within the normal range of 5-6 mm., Everything is in order.
There is a kind of legs and arms of the baby, as well as fingers. At this stage, the cheeks, mouth, jaw line and chin are still being formed.
The mother-to-be is also going through changes. Hormones are raging, which leads to a change in eating habits. A woman suffers from a brutal appetite, sometimes on the contrary, food causes vomiting.
Toxicosis may or may not be. There is also no noticeable weight gain. Vaginal discharge can smell bad and cause discomfort, which indicates a fungal infection (you need to see a doctor).
At the sixth week, some girls already have a noticeably rounder lower abdomen. You can determine this by the usual tight clothes, under which everything is visible.
In order not to aggravate your condition and not harm the fetus in the womb, we advise you to refuse to visit the sauna, swimming pools, solarium. Do not stay in smoky rooms, do not contact with household chemicals.
WEEK #7
At the seventh week of gestation, the placenta is already sufficiently formed, and therefore it can correctly perform the tasks of enriching and nourishing the fetus. The baby grows quickly, reaches a weight of 2 grams. and in the amount of 1.7-1.9 cm.
Pregnancy by weeks (week 7), more precisely, the development of the fetus occurs systematically and the woman's feelings change. The child has already formed both hemispheres of the brain, the central nervous system and the skeleton are developing.
The body is equal in size to the head, a small tail is visible in the coccyx area. The blood circulation is quite well regulated, the placenta performs its tasks of enriching the fetus with oxygen. It also protects against the penetration of infection and toxic substances.
The heart muscle has 4 chambers, which ensures the correct blood flow through a small organism. The skin consists of 2 layers, the top of which is called the epidermis.
During the ultrasound, the mother may already notice that the baby's fingers are visible, and the embryo adapts and bends the elbows with the knees for convenience.
The tissues of the musculoskeletal system are transformed into full-fledged bone tissue slowly but surely. And if you look at the face, you will notice the upper lip, nose with small nostrils. In the mouth, the laying of the first teeth begins, the formation of the auditory system takes place.
Pregnancy by weeks, namely by the end of the 7th week, the development of the fetus is gaining momentum and the woman's feelings from this change. A tubercle appears between the legs of the child, subsequently, with the help of ultrasound, the sex of the baby is revealed on this basis.
Closer to the eighth week, a woman begins to experience all the hardships of bearing. In addition to the fact that she is tormented by toxicosis, apathy and fatigue, swelling of the limbs and face, frequent urination, and dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract (constipation, heartburn, increased gas formation) are added to this.
Due to the accelerated development of the child, the uterus takes on the size of a large apple or orange. Therefore, the expectant mother feels that the stomach pulls down, there is some pressure and heaviness. The nipples acquire a darker shade, a dark line runs from the navel to the lower abdomen.
WEEK #8
Even if a woman is extremely inattentive, according to the signs expressed at week 8, she will definitely guess that she is pregnant (if the delay in menstruation is not taken into account due to distraction). The main features include a rounded belly, which is clearly visible.
The lady's gait becomes systematic, her breasts swell and round slightly, her hips become splendid. Depending on the condition of the skin, it can become imperfect or, conversely, perfectly smooth and radiant.
Particular attention is paid to taste buds and food preferences, this is what characterizes pregnancy for weeks over the eighth. The development of the fetus is rapid and the sensations of the woman are replaced by others.
Very often there is a desire to eat something that is clearly not seasonal. Sometimes thoughts about how delicious it would be to eat a banana with pickles rush through the head of a pregnant woman. Some, on the contrary, become very selective in food.
A child in the womb is growing rapidly, its weight reaches 2.1-3.2 grams, and its size is equal to or exceeds 2 cm. Almost all the most important organs and systems have already been laid down, they just need to develop and function.
There is an ability to move your fingers, clench and unclench your fists, the tail on the coccyx disappears. Articular and bone tissues are getting stronger with each passing day.
The embryo in the womb no longer has a clear resemblance to an alien creature. The formation of the visual system begins, the eyes approach each other.
If at this stage you are examined and undergo an ultrasound, you will consider the auricles that have appeared and the contour of the face, on which facial expressions are not yet so clearly visible. It is at week 8 that the baby shows some kind of reaction to touching the mother's stomach.
WEEK #9
At this crucial time, weekly pregnancy (week 9) is characterized by the fact that the embryo has grown sufficiently. The development of the fetus proceeds quickly and the sensations of the woman replace each other.
The baby has formed legs with handles, the head is still large and round in size, located on the chest.
The size of the baby is approximately equal to a grape, which moves randomly in the liquid. The first sexual characteristics appear, but this cannot be detected by ultrasound, you will have to donate blood for analysis.
An extremely important period for a future mother. It is important to monitor the secretions: if they acquire a greenish or yellowish tint, a doctor's consultation is urgently needed.
A pregnant woman should be alerted by painful cramps that appear in the lower abdomen or lower back. The doctor may order a biopsy to rule out malformations in the fetus.
It feels like a woman can suffer from constipation, heartburn, digestive problems. It is worth giving up heavy food. To cope with vomiting with toxicosis, you need to drink green tea or a decoction of wild rose.
WEEK #10
This time is considered more or less calm, because the pregnant woman's body has already adapted to the changes. The fetus has formed organs and systems, the development of the cerebral hemispheres continues. The weight of the "grape" is approaching 6.8-7 grams, the head rises and is no longer so clearly adjacent to the chest.
The description of pregnancy by weeks is so good that you can observe the rapid development of the fetus and measure the sensations of a woman. During this period, it is considered surprising how the brain develops. Due to the rapid process, many neural circuits are formed during each minute.
The child's fingers are getting longer, but there are still webs between them. Due to the correct location, the main internal organs (kidneys, liver, respiratory system, intestinal tract) continue to develop.
At this stage, another important event occurs - sex hormones are synthesized (testosterone or estrogen, depending on gender).
As for the sensations of a pregnant woman, the lady feels heaviness and an increase in the mammary glands, veins are clearly visible on the chest. The stomach is already decently rounded, so it makes sense to buy clothes that are more comfortable.
The pressure on the pelvic organs increases due to the development of the fetus and the corresponding increase in the uterus. A woman's psycho-emotional environment may change due to changes in weight and body shape, but do not despair. Relax more and pamper yourself with beautiful underwear.
WEEK #11
When 11 weeks of pregnancy comes, the development of the fetus has already reached a size of about 5-6 cm, and its weight varies between 10-11 grams.
At this time, pregnancy by weeks must be considered from the point of view of the correct development of the fetus and the sensations of the woman. If you come for an examination, the doctor will identify the gender and measure the correctness of the development of the gestation period.
During the examination, you can hear the heart rate, which is approximately 135-140 beats per minute. Due to the rapid development, the baby needs more nutrients, blood vessels begin to grow in the placenta.
At week 11, hair follicles and auricles are formed. The fetus is less and less like an alien.
The expectant mother also feels better, the toxicosis gradually subsides, it will completely disappear closer to the 14th week of gestation. But there is still intense urination, which is quite normal for pregnant women.
To reduce the burden on the urinary organs, it is recommended to drink more water, but refuse salty foods. Caffeinated drinks are a must.
During this period, it is already worth thinking about applying natural oils from stretch marks to the stomach and chest. We also advise you to start attending a sports section for pregnant women in order to always be in shape and ensure the correct formation of the baby.
WEEK #12
When 12 weeks of pregnancy is reached, the development of the fetus is even faster. At the end of the third month of gestation, the risk of miscarriage is significantly reduced. The woman is quite accustomed to and accustomed to her "delicate" position, so she can relax.
The expectant mother lies quietly and reads about pregnancy for weeks, studies everything regarding the development of the fetus, but the woman's feelings must also be taken into account. There are huge changes in appearance.
The face becomes bright, the skin tone is even. Hair looks shiny and thick, which indicates the correct course of pregnancy. During this period, there is a risk of constipation and heartburn, so you need to follow the recommendations.
Despite the improvement in health and appearance, we still recommend that you give up fast food and other unhealthy foods. Continue to do fitness, walk more, lean on protein meals.
If we consider the development of the fetus, its size has already reached 6.5 cm, and its weight is 13 grams. The lungs and the entire respiratory system are noticeably strengthened, the activity of the gastrointestinal tract stabilizes, the head rises higher and higher due to the efforts of the baby. He even tries to suck his thumb. It is worth being more careful, because the child is already able to respond to voice and sounds, as well as feel pain.
WEEK #13
This period of pregnancy by weeks gives rise to the second trimester, respectively, the development of the fetus and the sensations of the woman are gaining momentum. Continue to follow the advice about the intensity of physical activity and proper nutrition.
As for the external signs of a woman, the waist line blurs, the breasts increase by an order of magnitude (in some ladies up to 2 sizes). We recommend buying a supportive bra.
Colostrum will be released from the nipples, the uterus rises, thereby eliminating discomfort. The frequency of urination decreases, so the woman feels much lighter, despite the rounded tummy.
There should be no pain in the lower abdomen and in the lumbar region. But if you notice similar symptoms, be sure to visit your doctor. As for the secretions, they should be white without a sharp unpleasant odor.
In growth, the baby has reached 7 cm, its weight varies between 16-20 grams. The baby quickly develops sensitivity, he reacts extremely violently to mom's mood swings, noisy exclamations, pain, temperature, light.
The fetus has changed in terms of physiology, its ears are clearly visible on ultrasound, the bone tissue becomes solid, and the muscle tissue is still being formed. The eyes are closer to each other, so the resemblance to an alien creature is minimal.
Weekly pregnancy in the second trimester is good because the development of the fetus is interesting and the woman's feelings change, respectively. At the beginning of the second trimester, the baby already sees dreams, but they can only last 1-2 minutes.
But the propulsion system is being improved. In addition to bending and unbending the knees and elbows, the baby is already waving its limbs, crossing its legs, and raising its head.
WEEK #14
By this moment, the future mother is already so accustomed to her interesting position that she is not at all afraid of responsibility. The waiting period begins. A woman finds harmony with the body and soul, sets priorities.
The chest grows rapidly, the hips become wider, the uterus rises higher and higher. Be sure to wear loose clothing that will not restrict movement.
For the proper development of the baby, it is necessary to give up sweets and introduce more protein foods into the diet. Weight begins to slowly arrive, so follow the scale arrow and do not overeat.
The fetus has already reached a height of 10 cm, its weight is about 50 grams. On ultrasound, you can see not hidden, but distinct facial expressions. The respiratory system works smoothly and continues to improve. Insulin production begins, a certain mode of wakefulness and sleep appears.
Weekly pregnancy in the second trimester determines the development of the fetus, or rather its heart muscle, which depends on the behavior and feelings of the woman. Mom should not be nervous so as not to provoke a rapid heart rate in the child.
WEEK 15
Despite good health, one should still not forget about an active lifestyle and a balanced diet. As for other sensations of a woman, there may be some discomfort associated with the teeth. If there is soreness or caries, contact your dentist in time to prevent the development of infection.
At the 15th week of pregnancy, immunity drops sharply, so try to avoid crowded places and friends with respiratory diseases. If the first signs of SARS appear, immediately see a doctor!
Hormonal changes occur in the same mode, which entails drowsiness and apathy. Do not worry, rest more, because after the baby is born, this will become an unaffordable luxury for you.
Don't panic if you experience mild soreness in your lower abdomen. Due to the growth of the uterus and the development of the fetus, the ligaments and muscle tissue are stretched, which leads to some soreness. But with severe attacks, run to the doctor.
In the second trimester, varicose veins already appear, so it makes sense to choose comfortable shoes and compression stockings if necessary. To relieve fatigue and heavy legs syndrome, the limbs must be massaged several times a day.
Yes, pregnancy by weeks is characterized by the rapid development of the fetus and the sensations of a woman that she does not always like. But you will have to be patient until a more stable and “quiet” period.
By the 15th week of pregnancy, the child has already grown enough, its size is commensurate with an apple. He still actively moves, crosses his legs, turns his head.
Dreams are short-lived, the eyes are still closed, but the formation of the optic nerves is in full swing. The baby is able to react to darkness or bright light. His sweat glands begin to work, the first hairs appear from the follicles.
WEEK 16
Finally, the time has come when the fetus turns into a baby. He looks more and more like a baby, the skin is still thin, but the vessels are already visible. In growth, the baby reaches about 12-14 cm, and its weight is as much as 100-110 grams.
At the 16th week of pregnancy, changes occur in the composition of the blood, platelets are produced with erythrocytes and lymphocytes. Accelerated synthesis of hemoglobin begins.
By ultrasound, you can see what facial features are inherent in the baby, he has cilia and eyebrows. The whole body is covered with a whitish-colored lubricant, which will protect thin skin until the very labor activity.
It feels like a woman is gaining weight, and rapidly. Therefore, it is important to follow the daily diet and not overeat. Otherwise, there will be pressure surges.
Weekly pregnancy (week 16) is characterized by a gait like a duck, this is all due to the accelerated development of the fetus, and the woman experiences other sensations. Non-primiparas can already feel the baby moving.
WEEK 17
A woman loses her ability to work, her psycho-emotional environment suffers, her nerves are “naughty”. The support of a loved one, communication with friends and relatives will be most welcome.
Body weight is rapidly increasing, painful spasms and heaviness in the sacrum appear. A pregnant woman quickly overworks, body temperature jumps (fever, chills). Feelings include mood swings, which are the result of fatigue.
At this time, the baby is developing in full in the womb of the mother. His height has already reached 13 cm, the baby devotes more time to sleep than to wakefulness. After waking up, he makes faces and pulls his hands.
The baby clearly hears sounds, reacts to touch, darkness and light. Loud exclamations frighten the child, so the soothing voice of the mother will come in handy.
The child actively develops and improves the adrenal glands and pituitary gland. At week 17, the organs of the reproductive system are formed in girls.
WEEK 18
The description of pregnancy by week affects the development of the fetus and the woman's feelings at 18 weeks. The expectant mother can no longer sleep comfortably due to a rounded belly, so during the rest she has to excel in every possible way.
A brutal appetite appears, which must be fought in order to avoid gaining excess body weight. It is at week 18 that a woman noticeably gains weight. When consuming carbonated drinks, snacks and other “nasty things”, heartburn, flatulence, and constipation appear.
There may be problems with the teeth, they begin to crumble due to a lack of calcium. Be sure to introduce milk, fish, meat, cheese and eggs into your daily diet.
The areolas expand and darken, the chest acquires a strong sensitivity, which is not always comfortable. A woman increases in size, feels like a "hippo", this provokes depression.
But do not despair, it is enough to consider the development of the baby in the womb. He reached 0.2 kg. weight and 18 cm height. It is important for a child to hear the mother's voice, so constantly talk to him for the stable development of the central nervous system.
During the period of activity of the baby, the mother sometimes feels kicks in the stomach, this indicates the improvement of the musculoskeletal system. The baby's fingers are developed, the first prints appear on them.
WEEK 19
Pregnancy by weeks (19 weeks) is characterized by the fact that heartburn and vomiting with toxicosis have already receded. The development of the fetus is rapid and the woman's feelings from this change. The skin begins to itch due to the rapid rounding of the tummy, it is necessary to use pregnancy creams to reduce sensitivity.
Leg cramps, heavy leg syndrome, and swelling may occur. Doctors in such cases prescribe medicines for Magnesia.
There is fatigue and heaviness in the back, it is enough to do light gymnastics. Pregnant women at this time are advised to measure physical activity with rest. In the absence of deviations in the development of the baby, you should do business and walk more.
Never put yourself on bed rest. Otherwise, the muscles will weaken, childbirth will take place with complications. As for the baby, he has already reached 230-250 grams in weight, he sleeps almost constantly, and kicks after waking up.
When the mother walks, the child feels motion sickness. When a woman lies down, tremors are felt in the abdomen. The baby's sebaceous glands are still working intensively, covering it with a white film.
WEEK #20
At this stage of pregnancy, a period of rest begins for the expectant mother. You feel better than ever and simply blossom. The tummy will be visible, but will not interfere in the usual affairs. You can move without problems.
Feels like you can already understand how the child develops. If you feel strong shocks, this is a signal that the baby does not have enough oxygen. Ventilate the room or take a walk outside if possible.
It happens that tremors can occur after physical activity. In this case, it is better to lie down and rest. Pregnancy is a crucial period, you need to sleep on your side for such a period. From week to week, the development of the fetus can be felt differently. Therefore, the sensations of a woman will be slightly different.
Rest on your side will help avoid squeezing the veins and tubes of the internal organs. Also at week 20, you need to eat more foods that are rich in iron and calcium. Among these, buckwheat, prunes, beef, spinach and cottage cheese should be distinguished.
At this stage of pregnancy, the growth of the fetus reaches about 23 cm, and its weight reaches 300 grams. The baby can already somersault, play and yawn. The limbs begin to form correctly, become proportional to the body. The head gradually decreases. Hair and fingernails begin to grow.
WEEK #21
At this time, experts assure that the mother is able to form the future taste preferences of the baby. If you regularly eat sweet, spicy, salty and spicy foods, in the future the child is unlikely to want to eat lean foods or vegetables. You will have to try hard to get him.
Unfortunately, you will also experience flatulence and frequent hunger. The load on the veins does not disappear anywhere. If you do not restrain yourself, you will quickly gain extra pounds. It will also increase the size of the fetus. This can cause problems during childbirth.
During pregnancy, it is better to eat often, but in small portions. By weeks, the development of the fetus will proceed much better. The baby is changing. And the woman's feelings will improve, some discomfort will disappear. The child already reaches about 26 cm in height, and the weight will be 340 grams.
Outwardly, the baby is almost like a newborn. It remains for the fetus to grow and gain weight. A special fluid in the womb allows the baby to recognize what mommy ate. When the baby begins to move at such a time, bumps can be seen on the stomach.
WEEK #22
The belly becomes visible. Even with the help of outerwear, the changes are difficult to hide. If the specialist has not identified any abnormalities, you can continue to lead a normal life. At the 22nd week of pregnancy, you will bloom, the skin will noticeably improve.
Pay attention to the manifestation of swelling of the extremities. A similar phenomenon occurs due to fluid retention in the body. In this case, you need to consume less salt. If you have anemia, you need to pass additional tests. Get a full examination and ultrasound.
Weekly pregnancy is characterized by the fact that the development of the fetus at such a period occurs quite quickly. The baby weighs more than 400 grams, and the height can reach up to 30 cm. The large size of the child makes it difficult to lead an active lifestyle and the woman's feelings become more pronounced. In the meantime, the nervous system is being formed in the fetus.
WEEK #23
23 weeks pregnant still allows you to enjoy your vacation. You will no longer be bothered by toxicosis or heartburn. At this time, it is important to try to keep your own weight within the normal range. The development of the fetus is quite active. By this time, girls, on average, gain up to 7 additional kilograms.
The belly starts to rise. Soon you will feel tension and fatigue in the lumbar region. If the deadline falls on a period of hot summer, swelling of the limbs cannot be avoided. Try to drink a little less water and avoid salty foods.
When resting, place a pillow under your legs so that they are slightly higher than the body. If you regularly began to show convulsions, forget about the shoes on the rise for a while. Include foods rich in tocopherol and calcium in your diet.
The development of the baby continues actively. Its weight can reach 420 gr. The fruit itself will look shriveled. This feature will pass as soon as the child accumulates a sufficient amount of subcutaneous fat. The baby at this time is busy only with the absorption of nutrients.
Pregnancy week by week is very interesting. The development of the fetus is based on its formation of the respiratory organs. The child tries to do trial exercises. The baby sleeps most of the time, he is already able to see long dreams and the sensations of a woman can be varied.
WEEK #24
The 24th week of pregnancy is manifested in the form of an increase in the child along with the abdomen. There is a risk of stretch marks. After childbirth, with proper physical training, you can get rid of them. Fetal development continues actively.
At 24 weeks, the expectant mother feels very well. The first trimester is considered the most dangerous. It's too early to think about childbirth. At such a time, you need to calmly do your usual things, walk, relax, communicate with loved ones and go out into nature. The main thing is to follow the diet.
Often, a specialist during the examination can make a diagnosis - breech presentation of the fetus. Do not panic or be upset, this phenomenon is absolutely normal. The baby will change its position closer to birth. The weight of the fetus can already reach 0.5 kg.
At this time, the baby learns to exhale and inhale, but the main oxygen comes through the umbilical cord. The child continues to develop the brain. The number of neural connections is significantly increased. A baby in the womb sucks a finger, can grimace, play with the umbilical cord, and even frown.
WEEK #25
The 25th week of pregnancy visually manifests itself differently for everyone. Therefore, the size of the abdomen can be larger or smaller than the rest. The uterus is greatly enlarged. From this feature there is pressure on the gastrointestinal tract. Often there is heartburn. The development of the fetus continues according to the scenario.
In order not to face a common problem in the form of constipation, it is strongly recommended to include various cereals and fresh vegetables in your daily diet. Pregnancy by weeks can already be painted. If necessary, you need to start taking drugs with a high iron content.
This procedure will eliminate the development of iron deficiency anemia. It is also recommended to regularly wear a special bandage. It will reduce stress on your back. As for the baby, the development of the fetus should not bother you and the sensations of the woman will already be familiar.
In rare cases, preterm birth occurs. A child at this stage of development is quite viable. The baby will be placed in special conditions. The child will ripen up to 40 full weeks. In the womb, the baby weighs 0.7 kg. Growth can reach 35 cm.
With the normal course of pregnancy, the baby's skeletal system is strengthened. Muscle fibers are actively developing. The child is already quite capable of grasping something. The child clenches his hands into fists. Thus, the leading hand is determined.
WEEK #26
26 weeks of pregnancy - the woman's body continues to be subjected to even greater stress. In this case, you should go on maternity leave. The development of the fetus does not stop. Often at this time absent-mindedness and forgetfulness are manifested. It also makes it harder for you to walk, especially if you are overweight.
Normal is considered recruited up to 8 kg. weight. When walking, a large load is placed on the lower back. Carefully monitor your own condition. With the tone of the uterus, bed rest is put. If you begin to feel contractions and bleeding occurs, call an ambulance immediately.
The mass of the fetus inside the womb can reach 1 kg. The baby's skin color begins to change. It becomes lighter due to the accumulated subcutaneous fat. Muscles are getting stronger every day. Therefore, when pushing a child, you will feel unpleasant pain and discomfort.
WEEK #27
Pregnancy week by week makes itself felt. During this period, it becomes more and more difficult for you to perform ordinary tasks. The development of the fetus continues rapidly and the sensations of a woman during such a period are diverse. You get tired quickly, you need more time to rest.
Week 27 needs a vacation. Take up a hobby you love that won't be a hassle. Believe me, after giving birth you will not find so much time. Watch your nutrition. During this period, it is very easy to gain excess weight. Control yourself.
When the uterus begins to enlarge, various consequences appear. Heartburn and shortness of breath develop. The child is actively growing at this time. The brain is developing rapidly. The foundations are laid in the form of attention, memory and even character.
At this time, it is necessary to continue to eat foods containing enough calcium. The baby is actively improving the skeletal system. Subcutaneous fat also continues to accumulate. Skin pigmentation changes. Immunity is formed thanks to the placenta.
WEEK #28
Feelings may change depending on how many pounds you have gained. If you have gained more than 9 kg., Movement becomes much more difficult. You become clumsy. Drowsiness and fatigue are more pronounced. Digestion problems may occur.
Weekly pregnancy will be easier if you regularly arrange fasting days after consulting a doctor. The development of the fetus should not disturb you, because the baby is already in the correct position. You can notice about 10 interpretations in a couple of hours and the sensations of a woman become quite interesting.
WEEK #29
The baby begins to show increased activity, it becomes cramped in the womb. It will feel like he has become much stronger. The height of the child reaches 36-40 cm, and its weight can be about 1.5 kg. The visual system begins to react to light flashes.
The baby may hiccup and cough. You will definitely feel it. The emotional sphere is actively developing. The child is capable of crying. At this time, the baby's internal organs are practically formed. The respiratory organs continue to improve, the muscles get stronger.
At this time, it is highly recommended to practice yoga. Start this practice only after consultation with your doctor. Be sure to master the Kegel technique. Such procedures help to control your body more easily. At week 29, increased irritability and fatigue are felt.
WEEK #30
The abdomen visibly grows and stretches the thin skin. Stretch marks also appear in the thigh area. Proper nutrition will help to avoid swelling of the limbs and frequent constipation.
Rest if you become more prone to weakness and dizziness. Learn a special technique that helps you relax.
Pregnancy is getting more interesting every week. The development of the fetus continues, the relationship between mother and baby is getting better.
And the feelings of a woman are greatly exacerbated. You may be annoyed by stuffiness in the room. You become very nervous when you smell a faint unpleasant odor.
WEEK #31
At this time, you can feel all the unpleasant sensations that were before, only to a greater extent. Breathing becomes noticeably worse, you are increasingly faced with shortness of breath. Such consequences occur due to the fact that the uterus displaces all internal organs. Edema and convulsions appear more often.
You often start to suffer from insomnia. To cope with such troubles, it is important to have a positive attitude. Regular relaxing massage and systematic yoga classes will help. Try to drink less fluids. Also, if necessary, limit walking. Eat right.
The height of the baby can reach 43 cm, and weight - 1.6 kg. The child learns to control the 5 basic senses. Neural connections begin to grow at an incredible rate. The baby sleeps less and is more awake. You can tell he's minding his own business.
WEEK #32
The female body prepares itself for the birth process. In some cases, false contractions may occur. The abdomen at this time is quite large and often pulls down. Therefore, it is highly recommended to wear a bandage.
Your usual actions become clumsy and slow. You simply become uncomfortable doing something. Pregnancy by weeks at such a period makes itself felt. Do not deny yourself the desire to relax more. The development of the fetus can be felt due to strong shocks.
You will have to choose a suitable position for a longer time to get settled, to fall asleep. And the feeling of a woman is not the most pleasant. The height of the baby can reach up to 45 cm. As for the weight, it is about 1.8 kg. The baby can turn head down, as it should.
During this period, it is recommended to talk with the baby. His brain is quite developed. Read books aloud, turn on classical music, compositions. At this stage, the child can be greatly influenced. Meanwhile, his muscles continue to strengthen. There is coordination of movements.
WEEK #33
A woman is allowed to gain up to 12 kg. total weight. Keep in mind, at this time, the hormonal background is greatly increased. The gums sometimes bleed frequently. Due to the fact that you begin to be afraid of childbirth, irritability increases significantly.
Try to live joyful emotions and set yourself up positively. Don't forget to do regular exercise for pregnant women. This practice keeps the muscles in good shape. Otherwise, you will not be able to control your body during childbirth.
At 33 weeks, the baby should take the correct position inside the womb. His weight is approximately 2.3 kg, and his height is approaching 46 cm. The child continues to actively develop the musculoskeletal system. The fetus becomes like a baby.
WEEK #34
Pregnancy week by week becomes more and more difficult in terms of mobility and the inconvenience of performing habitual activities. Fetal development is felt more strongly and a woman's feelings can be unpredictable. As for the hormonal background, it is stabilizing.
You leave anger and negative thoughts behind. A good mood appears, you are simply looking forward to the baby. The total body weight can increase up to 15 kg. The chest continues to grow. The areolas of the nipples and the line from the navel to the lower abdomen become noticeably darker.
The growth of the baby at this time is 47 cm. The weight can range from 2.1 to 2.4 kg. The skin of the child is smoothed and becomes light. The epidermis is covered with a protective composition. If the child is born at this time, he will be able to breathe on his own.
WEEK #35
A rather responsible period begins. It is necessary to prepare for childbirth. Do not be lazy and take special courses. Visit the relevant consultations. Try to choose a suitable birth partner. The husband does not have to be suitable for such a role.
At this time, the stomach grows to the maximum. You start to get tired quickly when walking. Swelling cannot be avoided. It is forbidden to overeat. Otherwise, the baby will noticeably grow up. Childbirth can be difficult.
The weekly pregnancy is nearly over. The development of the fetus is at the final stage. The baby continues to train the respiratory system. Swallowing, sucking reflexes develop and a woman's sensations can be ambiguous.
In the body of the expectant mother, the amount of amniotic fluid decreases. For the baby, this contributes to the manifestation of discomfort. Instinctively, the fetus understands that it is time to get out to a more suitable place. At the same time, the nervous, endocrine and immune systems continue to actively develop in the child.
WEEK #36-40
During this period, the mother's body is already fully prepared for the appearance of the baby. 14 days before the due date, the abdomen noticeably drops and becomes very hard. This phenomenon indicates that the uterus comes into tone. You can face contractions at any time. They can be false (training) or real.
At this time, a woman can gain up to 16 kg. weight. Closer to childbirth, this figure decreases. Be sure to visit your doctor once a week. He must supervise the condition of the child. From weeks 36 to 40, you will feel a significant increase in appetite.
Sometimes there is discomfort in the lower abdomen. Soon you will feel quite unpleasant sensations. Contractions often start with spasms. They happen at the same frequency. About 5 times in 1 hour. Also diarrhea and vomiting are not excluded. The body begins to cleanse itself.
Immediately before childbirth, the mucous plug comes out. The water starts to flow. Childbirth has begun, hospitalization is immediately needed. At such a moment, the child can already reach 54 cm. The average weight reaches 3.5 kg. The baby is fully formed and ready to see the light.
If you have read this article to the end, you can safely say that the weekly pregnancy lesson has been mastered. Now you know everything about the development of the fetus and the feelings of a woman. Do not forget to monitor your health, compare the mode of wakefulness and sleep, eat right.
The obstetric method of calculating pregnancy by week is different from the usual one. A month consists of 28 days, not 30-31. As a rule, the gynecologist considers the period from the first day of the last menstruation. The waiting period for a baby is only 40 obstetric weeks.
Consider how the fetus develops weekly, and also determine what mommy feels at all stages of pregnancy.
1 obstetric week
The fetus is a follicle that appears on the surface of the ovary. Inside it is an egg. The female body does not feel it, but only prepares for fertilization.
There are no symptoms of conception at 1 week of pregnancy. And all because the fetus does not manifest itself. The expectant mother will not even notice the changes.
2 obstetric week
At this stage of development, ovulation occurs. As soon as the egg matures in the follicle, it is released from it and goes through the fallopian tube to the uterus itself. It is during this period that the sperm gets to it and merges together. This forms a small cell called a zygote. She already carries the genetic material of both parents, but does not manifest herself.
The body of the expectant mother can behave differently at 2 weeks after conception: signs of PMS may appear, mood will change, you will want to eat more or vice versa will turn back on food.
3 obstetric week
On the 14-21st day of the menstrual cycle, the fertilized cell joins the uterine layer of the endometrium and is placed in a special water bag. The embryo in this period is very small - 0.1-0.2 mm. He has a placenta.
In a pregnant woman at 3 weeks, the hormonal background changes. The symptoms of PMS can be noticeably expressed: the chest will begin to swell and ache, the lower abdomen will be pulled, the mood will change. In addition, early toxicosis may occur.
But in many women, such signs were not observed at this stage of pregnancy.
4 obstetric week
At the 4th week of conception, the fetus establishes a connection with its mother - an umbilical cord is formed, through which the baby will eat all 9 months. The embryo itself consists of 3 layers: ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. The first, inner layer is responsible for the creation in the future of such organs as: the liver, bladder, lungs, pancreas. The second, middle word is needed to create the muscular system, the heart, kidneys, circulatory system and gonads. The third, external, is responsible for the skin, hair, nails, teeth, eyes, ears.
In the mother's body, malaise, drowsiness, irritability, nausea, soreness of the mammary glands, improved appetite, and fever may occur.
5 obstetric week
At this stage, the embryo has some inclinations of the nervous and respiratory systems, and the heart and blood vessels are fully developed. The fetus weighs only 1 gram, and its size is 1.5 mm. At 5 weeks after conception, the baby's heart begins to beat!
Symptoms in a pregnant woman are as follows: morning sickness, chest enlargement and pain, fatigue, drowsiness, increased appetite, sensitivity to odors, dizziness.
6 obstetric week
Your baby's brain is forming, arms and legs, eye pits appear, and folds appear in place of the nose and ears. Muscle tissue also develops, the embryo begins to feel and manifest itself. In addition, he formed the beginnings of the lungs, bone marrow, spleen, cartilage, intestines, stomach. At 6 weeks from conception, the fetus is the size of a pea.
Despite the fact that a third of pregnant women do not notice changes in the body, women may experience fatigue, frequent urination, toxicosis, abdominal pain, mood changes, and breast enlargement.
7 obstetric week
At this time, the child develops very quickly. It weighs 3 g, and its size is 2 cm. Five sections of the brain are formed in it, the nervous system and organs (kidneys, lungs, bronchi, trachea, liver) develop, optic nerves and the retina of the eyes are created, an ear appears, nostrils. Slowly, the baby has a skeleton, the rudiments of teeth. By the way, the fetus has already developed a four-chambered heart and both atria work.
In the second month of pregnancy, everything also changes mood. A woman notices rapid fatigue, she wants to sleep constantly. In addition, performance may decrease, toxicosis may appear, heartburn and bloating may torment. Many pregnant women experience low blood pressure during this period.
8 obstetric week
The baby already looks like a person. Its weight and size does not change. He is like a grape. On ultrasound, you can already see the limbs and head. The baby actively manifests itself, rolls over, squeezes and unclenches the hands, but the mother does not feel it. At 8 weeks after conception, the fetus has already formed all the organs, the nervous system is developed, the rudiments of male and female genital organs appear.
A pregnant woman in the second month may feel discomfort in the lower abdomen, as the uterus will increase and will be the size of an orange. In addition, toxicosis manifests itself, appetite changes, mood changes, working capacity decreases, and frequent urination appears.
9 obstetric week
At the beginning of the third month of pregnancy, the cerebellar region is formed in the fetus, which is responsible for the coordination of movements. In a child, the muscle layer increases, limbs thicken, palms are created, genitals appear, kidneys and liver begin to work actively, the back straightens and the tail disappears.
The expectant mother feels discomfort, also quickly gets tired, suffers from toxicosis, does not get enough sleep, but feels better than last week. The chest in this period increases dramatically.
10 obstetric week
The size of the fetus is almost 3-3.5 cm. At the same time, it is actively growing and developing. The baby has chewing muscles, the neck and pharynx are formed, nerve endings, olfactory receptors, taste buds on the tongue are created. Bone tissue also develops, replacing cartilage.
The pregnant woman also suffers from toxicosis and frequent urination. Weight may increase, pain in the groin and chest may occur, and sleep will be disturbed.
11 obstetric week
The embryo of this period is already clearly moving, it reacts to external stimuli (smell, food). He develops a digestive system, genitals. At 11 weeks from conception, rarely anyone determines the sex of the baby. All other organs gain weight and develop further.
A woman can get upset for no reason, want to sleep or refuse to eat. Many can be tormented by toxicosis, constipation and heartburn. There should be no other unpleasant manifestations.
12 obstetric week
At the end of the 3rd month of pregnancy, the internal organs of a small embryo were formed, its weight doubled, human features appeared on the face, nails appeared on the fingers, and the muscular system developed. The child is already wrinkling his lips, opening and closing his mouth, clenching his fists and swallowing the food that enters the body. The human brain is already divided into two hemispheres, boys produce testosterone.
Mom is starting to feel better. The malaise, fatigue pass, the toilet runs less, but the change in mood also remains. There may be constipation.
13 obstetric week
At 4 months, a human develops a brain and bone marrow, a respiratory system, and thin skin appears. The baby feeds through the placenta, this week it has finally formed. The weight of the fetus is 20-30 g, and the size is 10-12 cm.
A woman in the 13th week may suffer from constipation, cramps and changes in blood pressure. She feels better, stays awake. Some people still have morning sickness.
14 obstetric week
This week, the fetus is rapidly gaining weight, its organs and systems are improving. The baby weighs about the same as an apple - 43 g. He has cilia, eyebrows, facial muscles and taste buds develop. The child begins to see and hear.
Mommy now eats with great pleasure, her appetite appears, her breasts and belly increase. But there are also unpleasant sensations - shortness of breath, pulling pains in the lower abdomen. Stretch marks may appear.
15 obstetric week
At this time, it is already possible to determine the sex - the genitals are formed in the fetus. The child develops legs and arms, auricles, the first hairs grow. The baby is gaining weight, his bones are getting stronger.
The expectant mother feels more cheerful, toxicosis and weakness pass. But there may be shortness of breath, impaired stool. Blood pressure will be reduced. Dizziness will remain. Weight will increase by 2.5-3 kg.
16 obstetric week
At the end of 4 months, according to obstetrical calculations, the fetus already weighs like an avocado and fits on your palm. His organs and especially the digestive system begin to work actively. He already reacts to voices, hears and feels, moves. Those mothers who are pregnant with their second child may feel movements in the tummy.
The expectant mother at the 16th week may complain of pain in her legs. Mood and well-being improves. Skin pigmentation may change.
17 obstetric week
At the beginning of the 5th month, the baby becomes more like a newborn, as it forms subcutaneous adipose tissue called brown fat. He is responsible for heat transfer in the body of the child. Also, the fetus gains weight. And he can also eat about 400 g of amniotic fluid. He develops a swallowing reflex.
Mommy can feel the baby move in the tummy, and the doctor will hear his heartbeat. The expectant mother at the 17th week of pregnancy will feel calm, happy and a little distracted. Some women will only be concerned about late toxicosis.
18 obstetric week
The fetus is actively developing, growing, moving, pushing. Fat folds form on the skin. In addition, the child begins not only to hear you, but also to distinguish between day and night. His retina becomes sensitive, and he understands when the outside of the tummy is light and when it is dark. All organs, except for the lungs, function and fall into place.
Mommy's weight at week 18 should already increase by 4.5-5.5 kg. Appetite will increase, as the baby will have to feed. A pregnant woman may feel discomfort in the abdomen, vision may deteriorate. A median line will appear on the tummy.
19 obstetric week
At this time, the nervous system and the fetal brain develop. Respiratory system, lungs improved. His kidneys begin to work actively - to excrete urine. The digestive system is also on the verge of completion. The child actively manifests itself, gives signals and gains weight.
There should be no health problems for the mother. In rare cases, nasal congestion, shortness of breath, constipation, heartburn, changes in blood pressure, convulsions and discharge from the chest will appear.
20 obstetric week
The fetus also continues to develop - the immune system is being formed, the parts of the brain are improving, the rudiments of molars appear. With the determination of sex at this stage of pregnancy, doctors are not mistaken.
Half the term has passed. Feeling good should be great. Some points may be disturbing: vision will deteriorate, shortness of breath will appear, frequent urination, dizziness from low pressure, blood from the nose, swelling.
21 obstetric weeks
At the 6th month of the life, all organs and systems have already been formed in the bladder, but not all of them function as they should. The child already lives according to the sleep-wake regime, swallows amniotic fluid, grows and gains weight. The pituitary gland, adrenal glands, sex glands, and spleen begin to work.
A pregnant woman at 21 weeks should feel good, but she may be bothered by pain in her stomach and back. There may be shortness of breath, heartburn, swelling of the legs, frequent urination, stretch marks, increased sweating.
22 obstetric week
The little man at this time actively begins to tactilely study his mother's stomach. He grabs the umbilical cord with his hands, plays with it, sucks his fingers, can roll over and react to food, light, voice, music. The brain stops developing at week 22, but nerve connections are established.
Mom, as a rule, quickly gets tired, feels unwell. Since the baby is always moving, it is difficult for a woman to find a comfortable position for relaxation. The pregnant woman becomes very sensitive, reacts to smells, food.
23 obstetric week
The child is also actively moving, gaining weight. The digestive system is so well developed that he already eats about 500 g of amniotic fluid. At week 23, the baby can already dream, doctors will record brain activity at your request. The child opens his eyes, looks at the light. He can even breathe - usually takes 55 breaths per minute. But breathing is still unstable. The lungs are developing.
A pregnant woman has contractions at 6 months. They are quite rare and manifest as mild spasms in the uterus. Of course, a woman is gaining weight, and in an uncomfortable position, she may feel pain in her back and stomach. Varicose veins, hemorrhoids may appear. There will be swelling, pigmentation and nausea.
24 obstetric week
In a fetus of this age, the process of development of the respiratory system is completed. The oxygen that enters the baby moves through the blood vessels. A baby born at 24 weeks can survive. The function of the fetus at 6 months is as follows: to gain weight. The future newborn is also in contact with the mother through pushes and movements.
The pregnant woman feels a surge of strength, gains weight sharply. She may be disturbed by swelling of the face, legs, the problem of heavy sweating. And, in general, the state of health is excellent.
25 obstetric week
In the fetus for the 7th month, according to obstetric calculations, the bone-articular system is strengthened, and the bone marrow is finally improved. The baby already weighs 700 g, and its height is 32 cm. The baby's skin acquires a light shade, becomes elastic. Surfactant accumulates in the lungs, which prevents the lungs from collapsing after the first breath.
A woman may suffer from the following troubles: heartburn, constipation, anemia, shortness of breath, swelling, pain in the abdomen or lower back.
26 obstetric week
The peanut is gaining weight, its muscles are developing, and fat is being deposited. The lungs prepare to take in oxygen. The baby's body produces growth hormone. The rudiments of permanent teeth appear.
The skeletal system is getting stronger. The child is already moving so much that it hurts the mother. And mommy suffers from heartburn, shortness of breath, back pain. Anemia, swelling, vision problems may occur.
27 obstetric week
The bubbler actively trains all organs and systems. It weighs about 1 kg, and its height is 35 cm. The baby also feels extraneous sounds, feels touch, and reacts to light. He has improved swallowing and sucking reflexes. When pushing, the mother may notice the arm or leg of her child.
The health of the mother at the 27th week should be good. She may be disturbed by itching, anemia, convulsions, changes in blood pressure, sweating.
28 obstetric week
At the end of the second trimester, the fetus becomes even more mobile. He has an increase in brain mass, a grasping and sucking reflex is manifested, muscles are formed. The little man lives according to a certain routine - he sleeps for about 20 hours and is awake for the remaining 4 hours. The baby's eye membrane disappears, he learns to blink.
Mom at the end of the 7th month of pregnancy may feel itching, back pain, swelling of the legs, shortness of breath, heartburn. Colostrum comes from the mammary glands. There may be stretch marks on the body.
29 obstetric week
The baby has already grown to 37 cm, its weight is 1250 g. The baby's body can regulate its temperature, its immune system works perfectly. The child gets better, gains weight, accumulating white fat. The baby is almost ready for existence outside the mother's belly, who feels every movement of the little man. In addition, a pregnant woman gets tired of bearing, gets tired quickly, her appetite improves, shortness of breath and bouts of urinary incontinence may appear.
30 obstetric week
At 8 months, the baby is already quite developed. He feels the world around him, listens to his mother's voice. The baby lives according to its own schedule of sleep and wakefulness. His brain grows and develops. The fetus is very active. He can turn from the bright light, push mommy from the inside. Because of this, the woman will feel a slight pain in the abdomen, back, lower back. The load also goes to the legs - they can swell. Also, a pregnant woman may feel shortness of breath, constipation, bloating.
31 obstetric weeks
At this age, the lungs also improve in the crumbs. Nerve cells are active. The brain sends signals to the organs. The liver lobules are completing their formation. The baby also grows and feels the world around him. His mom gets tired faster now. She may be disturbed by shortness of breath, swelling, late toxicosis and pain in the lower back and abdomen.
32 obstetric week
There are no changes in the development of the fetus. He is gaining weight and weighs 1.6 kg, and his height is already 40.5 cm. The child is also sensitive to smells, food, ambient sounds and light. And by the end of the 7th month, he takes a pose for birth. His skin takes on a light pink hue. The expectant mother may complain only of shortness of breath, frequent urination and swelling.
33 obstetric week
At the 8th month of pregnancy, the child performs an important function - gaining weight. Now he weighs 2 kg, and his height is 45 cm. The nervous system develops in the crumbs, new connections are formed. The immune system is also still being formed. The baby becomes less mobile, as it occupies all the space in the mother's uterus. A woman at 33 weeks feels good. She may experience shortness of breath, heartburn, leg cramps, back pain, and itching.
34 obstetric week
The baby is ready to get out. He gains weight and becomes 500 g more. Its organs and systems are trained to function before going out. If the baby is born at 34 weeks, she will already be able to breathe on her own. And the belly button takes calcium from the mother's body and builds further bone tissue.
Mommy may lose her appetite during this period. Will torment back pain, shortness of breath, numbness, swelling. Many women have contractions, but the pain in the upper abdomen should subside.
35 obstetric week
Significant changes in the development of the fetus are not observed. All organs and systems simply debug their work. Final processes take place in the nervous and genitourinary systems. Meconium accumulates in the intestines. From this week, the child is rapidly gaining weight by 200-300 g. And his mother suffers from frequent urination, edema, heartburn, shortness of breath, and insomnia. Contractions are also weak.
36 obstetric week
At the end of the 8th month, the placenta begins to fade. Its thickness is small, but it performs its functions. The child is less active, sleeps more and gains strength before childbirth. Its systems and organs are developed. And the expectant mother may complain of a feeling of fatigue and possible contractions.
37 obstetric week
The baby is ready to be born this week. His vision and hearing have finally matured, his body has formed. The child is already quite like a newborn and is waiting in the wings. Mommy feels discomfort, pain. Contractions may recur more frequently. But breathing and eating will become easier. Your stomach may drop. This phenomenon occurs a few weeks before delivery.
38 obstetric week
The weight of the crumbs is 3.5-4 kg, and the height is 51 cm. The placenta, which connects the baby with the mother, is aging and losing its fullness. The fetus stops growing, as it receives less nutrients and oxygen. The child descends closer to the "exit" and eats through the mother's placenta. He is ready for an independent life.
A pregnant woman feels heaviness in the lower abdomen. Also, she may be disturbed by frequent urination, leg cramps.
39 obstetric week
This week the arrival of the baby will be on time. Girls are usually born before boys. The baby is already viable. Mom is feeling contractions. If they were not observed, in no case should a woman call them on her own. The expectant mother's mood changes, appetite disappears, frequent urination worries.
40 obstetric week
The child is also waiting for the birth, gaining strength. It can grow up to 52 cm and weigh about 4 kg. The bladder does not move much, but still reacts to mom's mood. A pregnant woman, as a rule, is already ready to become a mother. She is worried about irritability, white-yellow discharge, pain throughout the body, nausea, heartburn, diarrhea, constipation, and, of course, contractions.
41-42 obstetric weeks
The child may be born later than the due time. His bones will get stronger, body weight and height will increase. He will feel great, but mom will feel constant discomfort. She may have a stomach ache due to the movements of the baby. There will be constipation or diarrhea, flatulence, insomnia, swelling.
During this period, an organism arises from a fertilized egg, possessing primitive anlages of various systems and organs. Intrauterine development is divided into prefetal and fetal stages. The boundary between them is the end of the second month of the life of the embryo, when it turns into a fetus.
The beginning of time
Fetal development begins not from the embryonic period, but even earlier, because the embryo develops from a fertilized egg, and the fertilization of the egg is preceded by a long development of germ cells.
The pre-embryonic period includes the maturation of germ cells and fertilization.
If in the testes of men a constant renewal of germ cells occurs on average every 2 months, then in the ovaries of women there is no renewal. After the birth of a girl in her ovaries, there are only about 400 thousand cells - the precursors of eggs, which are given to her for life. In each menstrual cycle, one, less often two, eggs come out of the ovary. This process is called ovulation. After leaving the ovary, the egg enters the fallopian tube, where fertilization occurs - the fusion of female and male germ cells.
This fusion leads to the formation of a qualitatively new cell - a zygote. The zygote moves through the fallopian tube into the uterine cavity (this period lasts 7-8 days). When the zygote reaches the uterus, implantation begins - the introduction of the zygote into the wall of the uterus. The implantation process takes 3 days.
In the prefetal period, an intensive anatomical formation of the rudiments of organs that arose during the formation of the embryo occurs, and new bookmarks arise: the stomach and other sections of the digestive tract stand out, the intestinal lining is divided into sections, the muscles are separated, and the skeleton is formed. In the second half of the prefetal period, the facial parts, the neck are formed, the circulatory system and sensory organs develop, the structure of the brain becomes more complicated, large digestive glands - the liver and pancreas - stand out. By the end of the second month, the rudiments of all organs are formed and occupy their permanent position.
During the fetal period, growth and functional maturation of the organs and tissues of the fetus occur, i.e. starting from this period, the organs of the fetus acquire the ability to function.
Second month. In the embryo (its length is 4 - 5 mm), the bookmarks of the limbs become noticeable. By the end of the second month, the length of the embryo increases from 5 mm (at the 5th pedal) to 25-30 mm. On the hands and feet there are fingers that are already able to move; but these movements are not yet felt by the mother. A rather long tail gradually turns into a small tubercle. The neck is being formed. The brain ceases to shine through the skin. The rudiments of the sense organs are formed from the protrusions and recesses of the brain, while the eyes are already almost fully formed. The size of the head is very large (it is about half the length of the entire embryo). A constant relationship is established between the main structures of the face, with the exception of the auricles, which are located very low. The body of the fetus begins to function: the brain sends impulses that coordinate the functions of other organs, the heart beats, the stomach secretes gastric juice, the liver produces blood cells. The rapid growth of the intestine, which began on the 6-7th week, leads to the fact that part of the intestinal loops ceases to fit in the small abdominal cavity of the embryo and goes beyond it. There is a so-called physiological umbilical hernia, which reaches full development by the end of the second month, and completely disappears by the 10th week. At the end of the second month (8 weeks), the body of the fetus is formed, there are rudiments of limbs, the rudiments of eyes, nose, mouth are visible on the head, the formation of genital organs begins.
Third month. The total length of the fetus, including the legs, is 7 cm, weight - 20 g. During the third month, the fetus grows rapidly and almost doubles its length. The head still remains relatively large, and by the end of the month it is about 1/3 of the parietal-coccygeal length. The facial part is very small compared to the brain part of the skull. There is a rapid growth of the eyelids, the edges of which fuse together at the 9-10th week of embryonic development. The eyes open only in the seventh month of pregnancy. The first rudiments of hair appear (on the eyebrows, upper and lower lips, on the forehead). The limbs make movements, the fingers and toes are visible, the first ossification points appear in the cartilaginous rudiment of the skeleton. Nail buds form on the fingers and toes. The fetus already knows how to grimace. Special studies have found that fetal facial expressions reflect changes in his mother's face while laughing or crying. The hands grow so large that the fetus can touch the head with its fingers, it can clench its fists. At the beginning of the third month, the urogenital and anus appear. By the structure of the external genital organs, it is already possible to determine the sex of the fetus. By the end of the third month, the skin begins to lose the transparency characteristic of it in the first two months of intrauterine life.
Fourth month. The total length of the fetus, including the legs, is 15-18 cm, weight - 120 g. The head begins to lag somewhat behind in growth. Fluffy hair appears on the body. The arms and legs are approximately the same length. The face is being formed, the skull is ossified, the formation of the muscular system is basically completed, the movements of the limbs become more active, but the mother is not yet perceived, the sex of the fetus is clearly distinguished. The fetus moves a lot, can suck its thumb. The skin has several layers. The functions of various body systems become more complicated. Using electron microscopy, it was found that the structure of nerve cells in the brain of a fetus of this age is almost the same as in newborns. It is already well possible to listen to the fetal heartbeat through the abdominal wall of a pregnant woman, the frequency of which reaches 120-150 beats per minute. By the end of the fourth month, an increase in the abdomen of a pregnant woman is already becoming noticeable.
Fifth month.(The total length of the fetus, including legs, is 22 cm, weight - 300 g). There is a faster growth of the body, and by the end of the fifth month of intrauterine development, the head is no more than l / 3 of the total body length. The skin is dark red. The subcutaneous fat layer begins to form. The skin is covered with fluffy hair. The sebaceous glands begin to secrete a fatty substance, which mixes with the scales of the epidermis and forms a cheese-like lubricant. This lubricant protects the fetus from constant exposure to amniotic fluid, and then facilitates its passage through the birth canal. Meconium is formed in the intestines. The lower limbs are noticeably lengthened. The fetus can be born alive, makes respiratory movements, but at this gestational age it is usually not viable.
In the amniotic sac, he is no longer so free, and his motor activity is increasing. In the 3rd week of the fifth month, a woman who is pregnant for the first time begins to feel these movements. Re-pregnant women notice them 10 days earlier. At first, the movements are very weak - women may confuse them with bowel contractions. Later, the movements of the fetus become more intense, and they can no longer be confused with anything. The first registration by the mother of fetal movements is an important sign that allows you to calculate the date of the upcoming birth.
Sixth month. The total length of the fetus, including the legs, is 30 cm, weight - 800 g. The skin of the fetus becomes wrinkled, apparently due to a discrepancy between the growth rate of the fetus itself and its skin. Eyebrows and eyelashes become noticeable. Skin patterns form on the fingertips. Each of them has their own drawing - unique and inimitable. During this period, the formation of cells of the cerebral cortex is basically completed. Their loss under the influence of any damaging factors is not replenished. A person lives all his life with the number of cells that has formed the cerebral cortex by this time. Fetal movements become more differentiated. By observing the fetus using ultrasound, German scientists have learned to determine by the position of the hands whether the fetus is awake or asleep. The organs and systems of the fetus continue to develop, learn new functions, but are not yet perfect enough and are not able to support the life of the fetus outside the womb.
seventh and eighth months. The total length of the fetus, including the legs, is 35-40 cm, weight - 1200-1700 g. The subcutaneous fat layer increases, and the skin becomes denser and smoother. In the seventh month of pregnancy, the eyelids of the fetus open. He knows how to open and close his eyes. By this time, his entire body is covered with delicate downy hairs. In recent weeks, weight gain is mainly due to subcutaneous fat, which ensures the maintenance of a stable body temperature after childbirth. All the most important systems of the body are sufficiently developed and can, although with great difficulty, with special care, support the vital activity of an infant outside the mother's body.
By about seven and a half months, the fetus can be born and survive. Babies born during the third trimester (from the seventh month until the end of pregnancy) are usually able to survive, although as the due date approaches, both the chance of survival and the ease of transition to an independent existence increase significantly. By the end of pregnancy, antibodies from the mother cross the placenta to the fetus, creating a short-term resistance to diseases to which you are immune. Premature babies receive less of this protection than term babies and are therefore more susceptible to infections.
Ninth month. The total length of the fetus, including the legs, is 45 cm. Due to the strong deposition of fat in the subcutaneous adipose tissue, the shape of his body becomes more rounded. Fingernails reach to fingertips. The hair on the head becomes thicker and longer. The fetus born at this time is viable, screams loudly, opens its eyes, and a sucking reflex is expressed.
On the eighth - tenth months the growth rate of the fetus is reduced. It is already so large that it is cramped in the amniotic sac. In this situation, the most advantageous position, providing maximum mobility in the funnel-shaped uterus, is the position upside down. A normally developing fetus accepts it. Head presentation is most favorable for obstetric care. By the end of the ninth month, the fetal body is so perfect that it is finally ready for extrauterine life. Delicate hairs remain only on the forearms. Their severity and prevalence throughout the body may indirectly indicate insufficient maturity of the fetus.
Tenth month. The total length of the fetus, including the legs, is 50 cm, weight - 3000 g. By the end of the tenth month of pregnancy (38-40 weeks), the signs of prematurity disappear, the fetus is born mature. Relatively rarely there is a discrepancy between full-term and fetal maturity. Under unfavorable conditions of development (mother's diseases, insufficient or malnutrition, etc.), a full-term baby may have signs of immaturity. Sometimes the opposite phenomenon is also observed: a child is born a little prematurely, but mature.
In the last month there is a faster growth of the lower limbs, and the difference in length compared to the upper limbs is smoothed out. However, it is only after birth that the legs become longer than the arms.
Recall that the correctness of the intrauterine development of the baby largely depends on his mother. During the examination, follow all the recommendations and the doctor's appointment - and the baby will be born healthy.
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