Wooden houses the most environmentally friendly and favorable for human life. Not without reason, wood is perhaps the first material that began to be used to build a home. Modern technologies gave this material new possibilities and improved its properties. Using various ways processing, types of timber are made from wood for the construction of houses different sizes and designs.

When choosing a timber for the construction of housing in a country house or a large residential building, you need to remember that the requirements for the material in each case will be different

Reasons to choose timber for building a house

A timber beam allows you to exclude some of the properties of a tree that complicate building process making it more labor intensive. The bar is made of a unified profile and length. Folding a house out of it will turn out quickly. If you carefully calculate the required volume, you can avoid unnecessary waste of material, which will significantly reduce the estimated cost of construction.

Glued laminated timber is not subject to shrinkage, does not crack under the influence of the surrounding climate. It does not lose properties during long-term operation. When laying a beam with flat edges, a flat wall is formed, it is easy to cover it with finishing material or insulation.

Types of timber for building houses and sizes, advantages and disadvantages

Let's figure out what kind of timber is for building a house. There are 4 types of material:

unprofiled from an array;

non-profiled glued;

profiled from the array;

profiled glued.

Ordinary building block

This option is a blank of logs with planed lateral semicircular edges. They are given a square section, with a side size of 100 to 250 mm. Before use, the material is dried in natural conditions.

Bars of different sizes are selected depending on the purpose of the future structure

Its use in construction cannot be called best solution. Suitable for the construction of simple building structures. It has certain disadvantages, we list them:

naturally dried wood undergoes shrinkage, warping and cracking during operation;

loose adjoining of the bars to each other leads to the need to insulate and seal the gaps between them after a while;

material is not exposed finishing, therefore, it is required to finish the surfaces in order to obtain a beautiful and neat wall;

needs more reinforcement bearing walls and corners of the house;

impregnation required special formulations to give the structure fire and bacterial resistance.

Of course, this is a fairly cheap and widely available material. If you agree to incur additional costs in order to refine it to the desired qualities, then this option will be quite acceptable.

Profiled timber

The same whole logs are used for it, as for the usual planed one. Processing is carried out on woodworking equipment with precise settings. It allows you to get a perfectly smooth surface and ideal dimensions.

The profiled beam allows the material to adhere tightly to each other and during the operation of the house to prevent drafts between the cracks

The process differs in that the sawn logs are first dried to 22% moisture content or less, and then further work is carried out with them. The connecting planes have a comb or tenon-groove. When the comb comes into contact with adjacent bars, a tight joint between the crowns is obtained. The thorn-groove allows you to lay a heater in it, which creates a tight connection of the crowns that does not allow air and moisture to pass through.

Among the shortcomings of such material, the preservation of wood defects that may exist inside the log, and the mandatory time for shrinkage, as it is inherent in all types, are noted. wooden structures.

On our website you can get acquainted with the most popular projects of double-timber houses from construction companies presented at the exhibition of houses "Low-rise Country".

Glued laminated timber

This option has a calibrated section, the connecting surfaces are made in the form of a comb or a spike. Sometimes it is given the shape of a rounded log - a D-beam. Outwardly, the wall made of it looks like a natural log wall, which is now very popular.

A house made of glued laminated timber is much faster ready for use, but it is important that the lamellas are glued together with high-quality glue

Such material is made of separate wooden plates, they are glued together with a special adhesive under pressure. It has a number of positive aspects, namely:

A well-finished surface has a finished look, does not require additional finishing. The presence of locks creates a dense wall without gaps.

The design of the bar eliminates warping, it does not crack and is not subject to deformation during operation.

The constructed building does not experience shrinkage. This significantly reduces the construction time.

Disadvantages:

The high price of the material, in comparison with conventional timber.

The glue included in the timber makes it less environmentally friendly.

The microclimate in the house will be different from the conditions that arise in the present wooden building. In houses made of glued wood, ventilation must be done

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of building houses from double timber. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Beam LVL

The technology of its production is similar to the production of glued beams. Only the material used for it differs. For manufacturing, veneer is taken from various trees, 3 mm thick. In adjacent layers of veneer, the direction of the fibers coincides.

Veneered timber is quite expensive at a cost, it is often used for individual components of the building

It is a strong and flexible material, but very expensive. It is used to perform individual structures Houses. In most cases, building an entire house out of it is unprofitable.

Which beam is better for building a house should be determined taking into account the requirements for it and the availability of material resources from the developer. A well-dried and properly processed ordinary planed timber will serve no worse than expensive glued material.

Video description

About the features of the LVL beam and its use in construction, see the following video:

Types of timber connection

When building a log house, you have to connect individual elements when crossing at an angle or when the length of the elements is insufficient. Several types of connections are used.

The most popular and convenient compounds are with and without residue, in a cup or in a tooth.

Connecting with the remainder

One way connection. One side of the beam is cut across the element, the width of the cut is equal to the width of the attached element. This is the easiest and most commonly used method.

The connection of the bars with the remainder is used more often than others, and the fastening of such a bar is more reliable.

A double-sided lock requires making cuts at the top and bottom of the bar. Their depth is a quarter of the thickness of the element. The use of this technology creates a high-quality connection, but will require the work of experienced carpenters.

The four-way connection is the most complex and the most reliable and accurate. Cuts are made on all sides of the bar. The building is assembled like a constructor - quickly and efficiently. In this case, all dimensions must be exactly observed, the cuts are made strictly at right angles.

Connection without residue

This species has many variations. Here are the frequently used ones.

Butt connection. It is carried out using studded metal plates, they are fixed with nails or staples. For this purpose, connecting keys are also used, which fix the joint well, preventing the bars from moving and turning.

In this case, it is necessary to use additional fasteners, otherwise the house may lead to the side.

It is good to use the connection in the spike. The spike may be in the shape of a triangle or a trapezoid. The root spike is popular. A groove is cut out on one of the bars, a spike of the appropriate size is cut out in the other. With this connection, you can use a heater made of vegetable felt or jute fiber.

The choice of timber thickness for building a house

The range of unified timber sizes has the following values: 100, 150, 200, 250 mm. The main requirement when determining the thickness of the walls of the house is that it must give a certain strength to the structure, have sufficient heat capacity to create a favorable climate in the house.

To determine which timber is best for a 150 or 200 mm house, you should know which house you will be building. For a one-story building, a thickness of 150 mm is sufficient. If it still gets done exterior finish or wall insulation, then this is undoubtedly.

For two-story buildings, a stronger and more rigid structure is needed. In this case, a section of 200x200 mm will be justified.

To build a house for seasonal living in a country house or a bathhouse, if they are not insulated, a beam with a section of 150x150 mm is used.

For such a house, for temporary residence, it is enough simple timber medium thickness

If you build a residential building for permanent residence of people, it will have to be heated. The walls of such a cobbled house must be insulated, otherwise it will not comply modern requirements on energy saving.

It is known that the thermal conductivity wooden walls little depends on their thickness. The difference between the walls of 150 and 100 mm of timber will be 12% of the heat. From this we conclude that insulated walls can be made thinner.

Video description

How can they differ different types timber:

What to consider when choosing a bar: basic rules

Using the right material is the key to successful construction. This also applies to wooden structures. What we pay attention to when buying it:

Decide in advance which timber to build a house from. One-story house enough material, section 150x150 mm. When erecting two-story structures, use a beam of 200x200 mm.

IN summer cottage use plain planed timber, pre-dried in a natural way. For a residential building, glued structures are needed. A beam with a profiled joint, dried in a chamber, is suitable.

Attention should be paid to the quality of the product, it must have the correct symmetrical sectional shape, there should be no irregularities and curvature. Select grade A or AB.

Use profile D timber instead of rounded logs.

Types of profiled timber for a country house

Conclusion

The choice of material must be determined at the design stage, taking into account all emerging situations. Don't overspend by purchasing cheap material for a residential building in which you will live permanently. Modern quality wooden beam will allow you to build your dream home.

It is not difficult to choose a house from a profiled beam, the project of which was carried out by a competent specialist. The layouts of such houses are well thought out and convenient. The well-planned building, erected by professional builders, pleases with comfort and quality. But the material of construction is also responsible for the quality.

Profiled timber can be of various types of profile, section, humidity, different breeds wood. Additionally, glued laminated timber is isolated. Each of these types of bars is different in appearance. Allocate straight and D-shaped timber.

For the average person, this may seem complicated and confusing, but when ordering a house from a bar, he should understand a little about the types of timber.

The difference between a profiled beam and a conventional one

A simple beam has a rectangular or square shape. Conventionally, it can be called a square "log". The profiled beam has various recesses and spikes for a tighter fit of the beams. This feature is the beam profile.

A simple beam has one advantage. This is the price per cubic meter. The disadvantages include high ventilation of interventional seams, increased cracking, unaesthetic appearance and the likelihood of damage to the timber by the fungus. Also a serious drawback is considered a slight difference in size. This can lead to the appearance of differences in the location of the crowns and the mixing of seams between them.

At the same time, the profiled beam has strictly specified dimensions and does not allow either the blowing of the seams or their mixing. Such a beam has high external characteristics and does not require additional finishing of the finished structure.

It should also be noted that a simple bar is most often of natural moisture, as well as profiled. But a bar with a profile can also be purchased dry. The wood moisture factor primarily affects the shrinkage of the house. And if a house shrinks more evenly from a profiled timber of natural moisture, then building from a simple one is more unpredictable. The development of the woodworking industry made it possible to expand the number of types of timber with a profile.

Types of timber profile

The production of profiled timber takes place on machines according to special templates. The accuracy of manufacturing ensures a snug fit of the bars to each other and excludes moisture from entering the wall. This is achieved due to the profile on the bar. There are five profile types:

1. One bevel.
2. Two bevels.
3. Several chamfers ("comb").
4. Beveled bevel.
5. Finnish profile.

For internal walls, a beam with one chamfer is used. This profile is suitable for summer houses, baths and internal partitions. Exterior walls require double chamfer, comb or Finnish profile. Also, a different thickness of the beam section is applicable to external walls.

Section of profiled timber

The bar is made in several sizes: 100x100; 100x150; 150x150; 150x200 and 200x200. These are indicators of the height and thickness of the beam. The thickness of the beam is important for all-weather structures. Summer buildings or buildings in warm places do not require a large thickness of timber, 100 mm is enough for this. Also, such a beam is used for internal partitions.

Construction of buildings for use in winter period requires a greater thickness of the timber. In this case, a beam with a cross section of 150 mm or 200 mm is used.

A beam with a cross section of 150x200 and 200x200 is less commonly used in the construction of houses due to the increased cost of such material. This size of timber is required for construction in cold regions, with strong and prolonged sub-zero temperatures.

Aesthetic characteristics of the timber

Ordinary timber requires additional finishing or refining of its surface to acquire a beautiful appearance. Profiled timber already has high aesthetic data. Buildings made of profiled timber do not require further exterior finish and look nice and neat.

Also, profiled timber can be made in two versions of appearance. classic look beam with a profile allows you to get smooth smooth walls both outside the building and inside. The view of the beam with a D-shape creates an imitation log house, while maintaining smooth walls in the rooms.

The project of a house made of profiled timber

The Terem Stroy company builds houses from various kinds timber. There are many available finished projects houses. The construction of profiled timber is spreading more and more. The main thing is that such buildings were erected by competent specialists.

Your warm and safe house is the dream of many people. A house built of wood is not only warm and reliable, but also environmentally friendly. Modern construction technologies offer various options construction wooden houses. Perhaps the best is building a house from a bar.

The beam minimizes the unpredictability of the behavior of the tree during operation, and therefore is the optimal building material. Timber houses are completed within one season and have a lifespan of at least 50 years. There are 4 types of timber used in the manufacture of wooden houses: solid non-profiled, solid profiled, glued profiled and the so-called LVL timber (from the English LVL - Laminated Veneer Lumber).

Which is better to use to get a house that is optimal in terms of price / quality ratio? Consider the pros and cons of each type.

Solid non-profiled

The beam is made from a single log, which has a round edge cut off on four sides. For the construction of residential buildings, as a rule, a bar 150x150 mm of natural drying is used.

• low cost;
• availability at any sawmill, that is, by choosing the nearest one, the issue of delivery of building material is easily resolved.

• warping, shrinkage and cracking - shortcomings of natural drying wood;
• wood defects - internal rot, flying knots, foci of damage by pests, fungus that appear after construction is completed;
• the need for additional finishing - it is not subjected to finishing, therefore it needs additional finishing;
• the need for enhanced insulation of seams - does not have strict transverse dimensions and evenness of the cut, as a result - large gaps between the crowns;
• low manufacturability - initially not suitable for the construction of walls, so you have to make additional strengthening of the bearing walls and corners of the house, and this is extra labor and time.

The price of a solid unprofiled bar of natural moisture is about 9500 rubles. per cube Plus finishing costs mandatory processing fire-retardant compositions and additional works.

Output: not the most good material for building a house, but if you have working hands, patience, accuracy and attention to detail during construction, you can build a house from it, and for moderate money.

Solid profiled

The beam is also made from a single log, only at the same time it is driven through special equipment, where it is given ideal geometric dimensions, a special lock profile is selected and, of course, planed to give an aesthetic appearance.

• low probability of warping - the technology of industrial drying of wood makes it possible to achieve 10-15% moisture content in the final material with virtually no deformation effects;
• does not need additional processing and fine finishing of the walls;
• high accuracy connections (no gaps);
• manufacturability - locking profiles greatly facilitate the construction process.

• all possible defects of wood, which were mentioned above;
• the need for additional time for shrinkage - after all, the existing probability of shrinkage and warpage of solid beams requires time for shrinkage of finished walls.

The price for a solid profiled beam of chamber drying is on average 12,000 rubles. per cube More expensive than unfiltered, but the final result is much higher in quality.

Output: after processing with fire and bioprotection, subject to the construction technology, perhaps the best choice in terms of price / quality ratio, however, one must be prepared to deal with possible "surprises" of a solid bar.

Glued profiled timber

As the name implies, this type of timber is also calibrated and equipped with a lock profile. However, it is not made from a single log, but from separate blocks. They are glued under pressure with special glue.

• all the advantages of profiled timber;
• resistance to warping - due to the combination of different types of wood when chopping blocks for one log, further deformation, cracking and shrinkage are practically excluded finished bars;
• no need for additional shrinkage time - a house built from glued laminated timber, does not shrink and is suitable for habitation almost immediately after completion of construction.

• high price;
• low environmental friendliness compared to a solid timber - glue is an alien material;
• somewhat disturbed natural circulation moisture inside the timber, due to the use of glue, moisture is not able to circulate between the layers, because of this, a slight violation of the microclimate inside the house is possible.

The price of glued laminated timber is on average 25,000 rubles. per cube - twice as expensive as whole. However, it should be noted that the cost of a project of wooden houses made of glued laminated timber is no different from similar projects of houses made of solid timber, and in the cost of construction itself, the cost of walls is about half of the entire construction budget. Consequently, the final house will not rise in price by much. In addition, with a reduction in construction time, and when using glued laminated timber, as mentioned above, it is minimal, the cost of work also decreases.

Output: if it is possible to spend money on this expensive timber option, then for the quick construction of a turnkey wooden house, this the best way, otherwise, it is probably better to stop at a solid profiled beam.

Beam LVL

The manufacturing technology of LVL timber resembles the technology of glued laminated timber, only it is glued not from a block, but from 3 mm veneer. Plywood is produced in almost the same way, only, unlike it, the wood of adjacent layers in an LVL beam is parallel to each other relative to the fibers. This allows this type of timber to be processed in the same way as solid or glued timber. When gluing, the density of the various layers is selected in such a way that the denser layers are located on the outside, and the soft ones are on the inside.

• all the advantages of profiled glued beams, only raised to the rank of an absolute;
• increased strength and elasticity, as well as indefiniteness in length, makes it possible to manufacture spans of any size;
• increased moisture, fire and biostability.

• the highest price;
• the lowest environmental friendliness.

The price for LVL timber is about 35,000 rubles / m 3. This price makes it unprofitable when building walls of houses from timber, but since it makes it possible to increase spans without using support pillars and beams, in combination with other types of timber, it greatly expands the possibilities when choosing a project.

Output: for the construction of walls is an irrational material, but quite suitable for auxiliary structures.

All conclusions are quite clearly shown in the final table:

Name	Availability	Technological flexibility	Warm- insulation	Fire, moisture, biostability	Strength	Construction time	Eco- flexibility	Risk of wood defects	Output
Solid non-profiled	ex.	bottom.	bottom.	bottom.	bottom.	bottom.	ex.	bottom.	Satisfactory material
Solid profiled	choir.	ex.	choir.	choir.	udov.	ex.	ex.	avg.	Very good material
Glued profiled	udov.	ex.	ex.	choir.	choir.	ex.	choir.	ex.	If it wasn't for the price, it would be perfect.
Beam LVL	bad.	ex.	ex.	ex.	ex.	not Spanish	bottom.	ex.	Very expensive to build. Great for strength elements

Thus, what will be the house, it is always up to the one who will live in it. Materials for construction must be selected based on your requests and available funds. From the analysis carried out, we can conclude that the most preferable for building a house from a bar are solid profiled and glued profiled bars, however, there is also a place for other types.

When choosing wood for building a house, the question of which timber is best for construction is of interest to any user. The number of buildings made of lumber is increasing, and, consequently, the demand for materials is growing, which allows manufacturers to offer more and more new products with a wide variety of quality and practical characteristics. As a result, the owner of the construction site is given a good choice, which needs to be carefully sorted out so as not to make a mistake with the purchase of materials.

Types and types of timber

Assuming to build log house for permanent residence, it is worth remembering that wooden lumber It looks like a long beam with a rectangular cross section measuring 6 meters long and 100-300 mm thick. This is a standard size, considered the most optimal for the construction of buildings.

Advice! If this length of the beam is not enough, you should pay attention to the elite Finnish wood: manufacturers offer elements up to 12 meters in length.

Materials differ according to various indicators, for example, according to the degree of processing, there are the following types of timber:

• Raw edged/sawn;
• planed;
• Sanded;
• profiled.

According to the method of manufacture, lumber is distinguished into:

1. whole;
2. glued;
3. empty, padded thermal insulation materials as a filler.

Now a little more about the types of timber for building a house, modifications and characteristic features.

Edged timber

Considered a classic of the material, it is an element obtained in the process of sawing the body of a tree. During processing, a solid log is freed from edges, the result is a building material in the form of a square-section beam, which has even, untreated, rough planes on all four sides.

The product has a natural humidity, so it is possible to inspect the material for distortions that occur during improper storage. Section sizes: 250*250; 150*200; 150*150; 100*150; 100*100 mm. A large range of sizes allows you to choose the optimal batch of lumber to build yourself.

Affordable price, high quality and the practicality of the material are advantages, but among the disadvantages it should be noted the mandatory use of sealing material. It is mounted between the crowns so that precipitation does not fall into the cracks, leading to the destruction of the building. In addition, there is a possibility of losing the shape of the lamellas when the process of natural drying starts.

Planed, polished timber

This is an edged product made from wood, which undergoes a grinding process during processing. The result is sawn timber with smooth planes (on one, two or all sides), sometimes with a corner chamfer removed, which gives an aesthetic appearance and facilitates the construction process.

Advice! Dishonest manufacturers often pass off planed timber as polished, so you need to be especially careful: the price of polished timber is higher than that of planed timber. The differences are obvious: the planed material does not have enough smoothness of the sanded material.

Profiled timber building material

It is considered the most progressive and practical for building a house. Each element is equipped with a locking connection, and, therefore, the crowns adjoin with maximum density. In addition, the smoothness of both sides, the presence of fasteners make it possible to build a warm and strong structure, so the increased price of the product does not frighten consumers.

Advice! There are two profile options on the market: tongue-and-groove (German) and bowl (Finnish). The choice depends on the construction technology and the preferences of the developer.

Glued laminated timber

The material consists of several separate lamellae, obtained by sawing the body of a tree, glued together. Due to pre-drying, as well as gluing, taking into account the direction of the fibers, the product is considered one of the most reliable and high-quality for building a house. High-tech glued timber does not shrink, does not require additional processing of wall panels and has high energy saving rates. Developers consider the lack of deformation and resistance to moisture to be one of the main advantages of the material. The high cost of the material is due to its practicality and quality.

Advice! The material labeled LVL is also glued laminated timber, but having ordinary veneer as its components. This causes hardness on the outside, but softness in the core. considered the most expensive and quality material from wood. Due to the increased strength, elasticity and water-repellent properties, the timber is not subject to corrosion, does not rot, the product range has a different set of lengths, which makes it possible to call piece goods universal for building a house.

Finnish timber

Elite wood with the following characteristics:

1. the annual rings in the lamellas have a unique direction opposite from each other, that is, they "look" at the center of the section.
2. Strength and flexibility also due to vertical splicing constituent parts every 4-6 meters.
3. For getting finished product thick elements are spliced, so the question is: which timber thickness pick is essential. The standard technology recommends impregnating the elements with an adhesive for at least 2 cm, due to which the material is not completely impregnated, but only in the upper layers.

Important! Glued Finnish timber has a price 2-2.5 times higher than the Russian counterpart.

Composite timber materials

The package and hollow types of timber that have appeared on the market are also suitable for the construction of houses and buildings for various purposes. Representing a hollow inside wooden block, the design consists of a pair of boards equipped with end elements and jumpers.

The differences are:

1. The package material has internal filling insulation having a base of mineral wool or foam glass.
2. Hollow timber has no filling.

The main feature is an increased energy-saving characteristic, which allows you to build a house with high energy-efficient performance. Due to its technological feature, composite beams are extremely affordable, but they are superior in quality to foam blocks, and experts say: a piece composite product from a beam retains heat 2 times better than masonry made of bricks, gas blocks and other standard materials.

Advice! For areas with high temperature fluctuations, the latest development is suitable - thermal beam. It is also a composite material consisting of a hollow beam with polyurethane foam filling. The price category of a finished house is comparable to the cost of a house made of glued full-bodied timber, however, when deciding what thickness to take a timber, choosing a glued one, you will have to make a wall of 390 mm, an alternative thermal beam can be taken at 160 mm. And this means that at equal cost and energy saving indicators, wall panels made of composite thermal beams will be thinner.

Calculating the disadvantages and advantages of lumber, you should pay attention to optimal humidity. This indicator should be approximately 15-20%. The quality is achieved by drying in special chambers. The process should be carried out immediately after cutting the log body, and only then, the dried lamellas are processed, polished, and so on.

The choice of timber thickness for building a house

Everything is quite simple here: standard timber for construction, it is of square or rectangular section with side dimensions of 100, 150, 200 mm. Some manufacturers offer 250 mm sides to order, but here you will need to focus on the price of lumber. Turns out that Wall panel, given by the dimensions of the beam, can be 100-250 mm thick. And a parameter is selected depending on the needs of the owner: the thicker the beam, the higher the stiffness index of the structure. In addition, the wall must provide protection from the cold.

Important! The strength of wall structures is based not only on the thickness of the timber. When building a house, the presence and number of openings, the configuration of the walls and other indicators are taken into account, and the assembly, or rather, its quality, should also be taken into account.

Experienced developers advise choosing a timber with a thickness of 100-150 mm for a one-story building, but parameters of 150-200 mm are better for building a house of 2 or more floors. It is also important to understand that when building an all-season heated building, it is necessary to insulate the walls from the outside, without this element everything modern houses will not comply with accepted energy saving standards.

If we compare wall structures made of timber of different thicknesses, then a weak dependence of the resistance to thermal action, determined by the thickness of the elements, is noticeable. For example, an insulated wall made of 150 mm timber is only 12-15% “warmer” than a wall 100 mm thick. Conclusion: with high-quality insulation and thorough waterproofing, it is enough to choose good beam and also a heater. The calculation is approximately the following: for walls made of timber of 100 mm (100 * 150-200 mm), purchase a heater on a mineral wool base of the same thickness (100-150 mm). This will be enough to maintain the high energy efficiency of the building.

But, nevertheless, when choosing what thickness of lumber to buy, it is worth remembering that the construction of a thick beam has a lot of other advantages, in particular, the structure will have less ability to warp when dried, greater strength and heat capacity.

Advice! Houses for seasonal living, bathhouses and outbuildings do not need to be sheathed with heat-insulating material, but it all depends on what size of timber is chosen. Experts recommend not to get cheap, but to build a bathhouse or a cottage from lumber with a thickness of 150 mm or more. The accumulation of heat is higher, which means that when warming up optimum temperature will last longer.

Types of timber connection

The technology for building walls from a bar is different, but it is important to know the types of joining a bar. Today, developers offer the following typical connections:

1. Angular. It happens with the remainder (in the bowl) and without the remainder (in the paw). With the remainder - a type that represents the protruding ends of the log house at a distance of about 0.5 meters. Expensive, but heat losses are reduced and the strength of the building is increased. Without residue - a type when the end of the frame ends at the level of the wall. The connection takes place by means of staples or studded plates with nails.
2. Longitudinal connection is used when the length of the beam is insufficient. The increase in size occurs by connecting two elements. There are several ways:

• spike with a key;
• in half a tree;
• root spike.

1. Connection T-shaped. It is used when it is necessary to fasten the outer and inner wall. The options are:

• by creating a trapezoidal symmetrical spike in the log house;
• creating a triangular spike in the log house;
• locking groove on the plug-in spike;
• straight groove on the root spike.

Despite the variety of connection types, there are some general recommendations:

• the rounding of the beam is made with outside to minimize the risk of water accumulation in the grooves;
• the place where log cabins adjoin, has to be equal and carefully polished.

It is not bad to give the elements additional tightness by smearing the joints with a composition of resin and sand.

Publication date: 04/05/2016 2016-04-05 15:23:02

What timber is better for building a house?

If you decide to build a house, and choose timber as a building material, this a good choice. Wooden houses, including those made of timber, are durable, reliable, cozy and warm. But main value houses made of wood - in their environmental friendliness, and also in that unique atmosphere that only wood can create. However, it is not so easy to build a house from a bar yourself, if you do not know some of the features. Here, it would seem, is the building material itself - do you think you can take the first one that comes across? Of course not. What timber is better for building a house? We'll talk about this.

Types of timber for building a house

A wooden beam is lumber, mainly rectangular in shape. The thickness of the beam section varies from 50 to 400 mm. There are the following types of timber:

• Types of timber for the house - unprofiled, solid timber. In essence, it represents wooden log, which was given rectangular shape, natural humidity. Advantages: low cost, environmental friendliness, ease of operation. What are the disadvantages? And the disadvantages are that houses made of non-profiled timber need additional finishing, since the aesthetics of non-profiled timber is low. Also, such a beam can have a different cross section, an uneven cut, so there may be differences in the placement of the crowns. Another disadvantage is natural humidity wood. Because of this, the timber is susceptible to fungal attack, that is, it requires antiseptic treatment (additional costs). Also, over time, the wood dries out, the walls shrink, and at the same time cracks appear in the walls. Although, since wall decoration is required, this is not such a significant drawback. But a more significant drawback is the ventilation of the interventional seams, although this problem is solved by caulking.
• Which timber to choose for the house - profiled timber. This is also a solid material, however, its main difference from an unprofiled beam is that it has spikes and grooves, vertical cuts - thanks to them, the installation of the house is greatly simplified, and the joints between the beams are very tight, accurate. In addition, the advantage of this material is the high precision of processing, and due to this, the likelihood of building a house with slots is reduced. The walls of the house do not need additional finishing, the house turns out to be warm, it does not need caulking, with the exception of corner and end joints. Disadvantages. This is a need for a break during construction - after the construction of the house, he needs to stand for about 12 months, since the timber must dry. Besides, solid wood always cracks, this is also worth remembering.
• The choice of timber for building a house is glued laminated timber. It is made from lamellas (boards). Used to make slats conifers- pine, larch, cedar, spruce. Logs are sawn into boards, dried, treated with special compounds. After that, the lamellas are glued together.

What are the advantages: no cracking, since the wood is already dried, high strength, aesthetics of the house, no shrinkage of the walls. There is no need for finishing. And due to the processing of wood, the risk of development of microorganisms, decay is excluded.

Disadvantages: low environmental friendliness of the timber - due to the use of glue. Also, due to the glue, the circulation of moisture and air in the beam is disturbed, which reduces positive characteristics tree.

What timber is better to build a house from?

If you want to save money and are ready to spend more time on construction (due to caulking walls and their decorative finishes), then unprofiled timber will suit you. Its shortcomings can be dealt with quite simply, and, in principle, there is a weighty argument "for" this building material. Once upon a time, houses were built simply from logs, without processing and other things. They stand for a long time.

Which timber to choose for building a house, if needed " golden mean"? it is clear that this is a profiled beam. High aesthetics, environmental friendliness, less humidity, more good processing- all these are the undoubted advantages of profiled timber. True, the construction budget will have to be increased.

Well, if you want maximum reliability, you can take glued laminated timber for the house. How to choose between environmental friendliness and durability? Here, everyone chooses for himself.

What size timber is best for building a house

As a rule, a bar has a square or rectangular section; for a square bar, the height and width are called thickness - they are the same after all. What thickness of timber is best for building a house? Depends on the type of house. So, if a house is being built in which you will live permanently, it is better to choose a thicker beam, 200 × 200 mm. What thickness of timber to choose for a country house? Here you can get by with a bar and 150, 100 mm.

Choice of timber 150 or 200 mm

Everything is simple here. The thicker the beam, the more reliable the walls, the warmer. And the more expensive. Therefore, for the outer walls of a residential building, it is better to take a bar of 200 mm, but leave 150 mm for interior partitions.

What section of the timber to choose for a country house

Why is a beam with a smaller cross section recommended: to country houses there are no such high requirements, so here you can save money and take a beam of a smaller section. Although, of course, it all depends on the frequency of stay in the house.

How to choose a timber for building a house

You already know about it. Type of timber, advantages and disadvantages, cost, section - now you can make the right choice.

Materials borrowed from the site "Wikipedia" or other open sources of information.