How to insulate a cellar from the inside with quality materials. How to insulate a cellar from freezing - the correct insulation from the inside and outside Warming the walls of the cellar

There is no doubt that the more stable the microclimate in the underground storage for the fruits of crop production, the better and longer the latter will survive. Temperatures at a depth of 2-3 meters are more or less stable throughout the year. However, the influence of the external environment still makes adjustments to temperature regime storage, raising it in the summer and lowering it in the winter. If these influences are critical enough, it is worthwhile to insulate the cellar by making a barrier from the inside in the way of external thermal factors.

It should be noted that not every basement needs insulation. Sufficiently deep underground premises built in regions where there are no strong and prolonged winter frosts usually do not need thermal insulation.

It's another matter when, as a result of a long frosty period, the temperature inside can drop to a critical zero, or even lower. In this case, of course, you need to think about warming, since in such a microclimate, not only many vegetables will not "survive", but also glass jars can crack with homemade canned food.

Therefore, the question is natural about what material to use for this. Let's look at what can be done in this case so as not to worry about the safety of products in any weather.

Features of the insulation of the cellar from the inside

The need for thermal insulation, as well as its degree, must be determined on a case-by-case basis. The fact is that this room is not standard, that is, both its underground volume, including its depth, so the shape and design of the aboveground part can be very different. Also plays a role, there is a basement on open place or located under some other structure, which could be a heated house or a cold garage.

Usually, an underground room located under the house does not need insulation a priori. The basement under the unheated garage is the same as the one on open area, usually cools as much as possible in winter from above. The lower part, that is, the basement floor, usually depends least of all on outside temperatures... That is, in order not to do unnecessary work, it is worth insulating only the upper part of the walls from the inside (up to the level of maximum freezing) and the ceiling.

If the cellar is active, it is quite easy to determine the surfaces that need thermal insulation. You just need to pay attention to where the frost occurs during the period of severe frost. This will tell you how to insulate the cellar, and, most importantly, where.

Insulating below is not only not useful, but also harmful. The layer of soil that does not freeze is a natural thermostat, giving the underground room cool in summer and warm in winter.

Insulation of the walls of the cellar from the inside

Taking into account the fact that this room performs a purely technical function, the material, as well as the technology for thermal insulation of the wall surface subject to freezing, must be selected based on considerations of compliance. That is, it is worth choosing the most inexpensive insulation and protecting it from the inside with inexpensive plastering material. In this case, it is not advisable to talk about any kind of finishing.

The most economical material for thermal insulation at the moment is the well-known foam. It has good thermal insulation properties, is easy to use and can be easily covered with any plaster solution. To high humidity, normally present in an underground vegetable storehouse, had the least negative impact, it makes sense to use foam with a density higher than 25 kg / m3, which practically does not absorb moisture. There is an option to use extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex) here, which is characterized by absolute hydrophobicity and a longer operating period, but you need to be prepared for the fact that this heat insulator is more expensive.

The disadvantage of these materials, which lies in their ability to burn, does not play any role here. The only thing to pay attention to is the possible presence of a valid electrical wiring. Electrical cable, if it passes in contact with the insulation, it makes sense to place it in a special cable channel.

Now about the peculiarities of the process of thermal insulation of the cellar wall from the inside. Polymer cement adhesive for installation expanded polystyrene plates here you can not use it (the task of the glue is not so much to fix the insulation as in the ability to make flat surface). You can fix the insulation immediately with umbrellas (special dowels with a wide head). There is another option before installation insulation board apply to the wall polyurethane foam(editing room) in several places. This will give a more reliable result.

The sequence of work from start to finish is as follows:

Installation of polystyrene plates (polystyrene foam) begins from the bottom, approximately from the line of maximum freezing. For the convenience of work, you can attach to the horizontal level corresponding to the lower edge of the insulation wooden bar or profile.
Plates are fixed from corner to corner in one of the ways described above. Plates of expanded polystyrene in rows (if there are several of them) should be installed apart so that there are no continuous vertical seams. It is advisable to fill the gaps between the foam sheets with the same polyurethane foam, which, firstly, will additionally fasten the plates together, and secondly, it will remove the passages for cold and moisture outside.
On top of the insulation, it is worth fixing a plaster mesh (you can use a metal mesh, but plastic is more convenient and more reliable in these conditions).

A plaster cement-sand mortar is being prepared. It is desirable to add lime to it, which will not only facilitate the plastering process, but will also "dry" the air in the vegetable store. In addition, lime prevents the development of fungus and rot, which is important here.
The finished solution is thrown over the foam and plaster mesh and is leveled by the rule. After partial setting, the surface is rubbed with a plaster float. So that the solution sets faster under conditions high humidity and moderate temperature, you can add alabaster or gypsum to it plaster mix used for interior work.

Insulation of the ceiling in the cellar from the inside

In most cases, the top floor in the underground vegetable store is completed reinforced concrete slab... If so, you can use the same expanded polystyrene here. It is only worth considering that its thickness should be greater than for the thermal insulation of the wall, since the ceiling is the most freezing part of the underground structure. For example, if 30 mm of insulation thickness is enough for the wall surface, then 50 mm foam plates can be applied to the ceiling. But here it is also worth considering the nuances, such as the location of the cellar (under the garage or in an open area), the thickness of the ceiling slab, possible insulation outside and the like.

The process itself thermal insulation works practically no different from the same when insulating the walls of the cellar from the inside. The difference is that it is more convenient to use polymer-cement plaster and fiberglass reinforcing mesh to protect the insulation. Especially if the work is done independently, and there is no skill of plastering the ceiling with cement-sand mortar.

Conclusion

So we briefly figured out in which cases it is worth thinking about how to insulate the cellar. It is clear that the above methods of thermal insulation of an underground room from the inside may undergo some changes depending on the type of structure, its volume, features of purpose and location ( climatic zone). However, as general recommendations the above information can be used quite well.

Insulation of the basement from the inside allows you to extend the life of the building. Correct insulation and insulation helps to reduce heat loss, protect against moisture, prevents cracking if the soil swells. Insulation will allow you not to heat the basement and maintain a stable temperature regime inside it. The cost of materials for insulation is not high, so all work can be done without significant costs. The equipped basement can be used as a free area.

Each house has a basement, which is the area between the ground and the first floor. Usually the height and width of the basement allows it to be used for a wide variety of purposes. Many people use the basement as a cellar for storing vegetables and preserving.

For successful and long-term storage of food, the temperature in the cellar must be stable and optimal.

Correct insulation can make the temperature in the room normal and suitable for year-round use of the room. Basement insulation can reduce heat losses up to 20%. Basement insulation has a positive effect on the condition of the walls of the cellar, protects them from dampness and moisture. Warming the floor with expanded polystyrene will protect the surface from hypothermia.

Tips for strengthening your basement:

The most effective way strengthening is the outer insulation of the basement. This technology thermal insulation is mounted outside the building. This prevents the basement walls from freezing during cold periods.
If the basement is insulated from the inside, condensation may form on the walls. Where the joint between the insulation and the wall passes.
Do not forget that basement walls need to be waterproofed. Thermal insulation must be moisture resistant.
An excellent option for wall insulation is polystyrene. Styrofoam needs to be used on initial stage building construction.

Air insulation should be done so that cold air does not penetrate into the room. Foam insulation will provide a stable microclimate in the cellar both in summer and in winter. You should also take care of high-quality waterproofing, since protection from the cold will not be enough.

Cellar insulation: preparatory work

You can insulate the cellar with your own hands, but for this you must first decide what material will be used for this. At the initial stage of construction, the cellar can also be insulated from the outside. Floors, walls and ceilings should be insulated.

If all the work on the construction of the cellar has been completed, then the basement can only be insulated from the inside.

It is important to remember that when performing insulation from the inside, condensation forms between the joints of two materials. Condensation usually causes Construction Materials start to deteriorate. To prevent this, it is necessary to perform high-quality waterproofing, which will protect the basement from the penetration of underwater waters.

Preparatory work:

Before putting the insulation on the surface, it is important to make sure that they are perfectly flat.
When the surface of the walls and ceiling is flat, it should be treated with a special antiseptic solution.
When the thermal insulation layer is installed, the moisture level in the cellar will rise. To fix this, you need to take care of installing a quality ventilation system.

In order for the surface to be insulated reliably and efficiently, all cracks and crevices must first be removed. If the material is attached to the surface with dowels, it is important to make sure that they are also insulated, because cold will also penetrate through the cracks around them. Do not forget that you need to install a vapor barrier material.

How to insulate a cellar from the inside from freezing

Usually, a lot of moisture forms in the cellar, which negatively affects the condition of all surfaces: floor, walls and ceiling. In winter, surfaces freeze, and in spring they become covered with condensation. The cellar must be protected from freezing, condensation, penetration of thawed and groundwater.

Many craftsmen advise to insulate surfaces that are on the street, since insulation from the inside often leads to the formation of a freezing zone. A good option external insulation - the use of roofing material. To insulate the surface from the outside, you first need to remove the soil that has hit the walls and let the brick dry.

Phased insulation:

Remove soil.
It is important to take a break so that the walls have time to dry out.
Stick on foam boards. For reliability, it is better to fix them with dowels.
Cover all surfaces with roofing felt to protect them from moisture.

In order for the insulation to be reliable, it should be performed not only from the outside, but also from the inside. Best material for this - foam. The foam is very strong and reliable, it does not crumble and is not afraid of moisture. The installation of the plates can be easily done by yourself.

Step-by-step actions: how to insulate the basement from the inside

Today, the most common way to insulate walls, ceilings and floors in a basement, garage or shed is insulation with foam plates. Plates can be easily glued to the surface by yourself, having previously cleaned and leveled. For reliability, the foam is attached with dowels.

A significant drawback of insulation as foam is its instability to attack by rodents - they love it very much and damage it quickly enough.

It is also important to pay attention to the fact that the foam burns well, so you should not fasten it close to outlets and electrical wiring. At the initial stage of insulation, one should not neglect the thorough preparation of surfaces. The foam slabs will stick securely if the surfaces are flat.

The most common material for laying floors and ceilings is concrete. Concrete promotes the penetration of cold into the room. But in the summer it heats up. Concrete also cannot withstand moisture.

How to insulate the floor and ceiling:

Concrete slabs must be treated with a special waterproofing compound that penetrates deep into concrete, filling capillaries and concrete cracks.
After complete drying concrete surface it is necessary to start fixing concrete slabs.
Plates must be additionally secured with dowels.

After the slabs are securely fixed, cover them with an assembly mesh and fix them with plaster. Surfaces can also be reinforced with mineral wool... In order to fix the cotton wool, it is necessary to first mount wooden blocks on the surface.

How to insulate a cellar in a garage (video)

It is very important to strengthen the basement reliably, since moisture and cold will penetrate into an unprotected room. All surfaces must be carefully prepared before insulation - they must be as even and dry as possible. It is also important to insulate the places where insulation material fasten with dowels, as well as the cellar cover and hatch. It is important to reliably insulate a concrete or sandy floor, since they are very good at letting groundwater through.

In most residential buildings, a basement is provided, located between the ceiling of the first floor and the ground. Its height depends on a similar parameter of the base and can vary within 0.5-2 m and more. Basement ceiling insulation and comprehensive insulation measures make it possible to more efficiently use the internal space under the first floor. Correctly selected materials and technologies allow you to create in basement comfortable microclimate.

Appointment of thermal insulation

The lack of insulation and violation of the waterproofing layer contribute to the penetration of moisture and cold air. This is especially noticeable in the basement, where over time mold appears from dampness and there is a risk of fungus spreading along the surface of the walls. Insulation of the basement ceiling will prevent the negative effects of moisture and low temperatures on concrete and preserve bearing structures from destruction. Besides, effective thermal insulation will provide:

reduction of heat losses by about 20%;
comfortable floor temperature in the premises of the first floor.

Thanks to the insulation of the ceiling and other insulation options in the basement, it is possible to equip a laundry room, utility rooms or rest rooms. In some cases, a cellar, a gym or a swimming pool are equipped under the ceilings of the first floor.

The choice of insulation

The variety of materials used for insulation allows you to find the best option for different spheres use. When choosing a certain type of insulation, it is necessary to pay attention to the following parameters:

coefficient of thermal conductivity;
moisture permeability;
acceptable cost.

An important criterion for evaluating insulation is its resistance to fire. To avoid accidents, the insulation must not ignite and release toxic and toxic substances in the event of a fire.

Types of thermal insulation materials

Insulation of the ceiling in the basement can be carried out using mineral wool, foam or extruded polystyrene foam, which differ technical characteristics and the nuances of editing.

Represents compressed fibers of inorganic material, the layers of which serve as melts of rocks, blast furnace slag and fiberglass. For thermal insulation of basement ceilings, mineral wool based on sedimentary rocks is used. It is different:

good insulating properties;
low thermal conductivity;
resistant to fire and chemicals.

The material can be used for about 30-40 years.

Styrofoam and extruded polystyrene foam

Heaters are made of polystyrene using different technologies, therefore, some of their parameters have significant differences. The general benefits include:

light weight;
low coefficient of thermal conductivity;
ease of installation and maintenance.

Extruded polystyrene foam is more effective as thermal insulation than polystyrene foam, but it is more expensive. The main disadvantage of these materials is the violation of the natural balance of temperature and humidity in rooms, which occurs due to the lack of moisture and air circulation. To maintain a comfortable microclimate, it is necessary to provide good ventilation.

Tools and materials

The list of tools and devices required for insulating basement ceilings depends on the method of its implementation. The minimum set should include:

a knife for cutting insulation;
tape measure and building level;
dry or ready-made mixtures for leveling the concrete surface;
putty knife.

If foam or extruded polystyrene foam is used as thermal insulation, then you will need a special glue and a comb with fine teeth to apply it. Mineral wool insulation is carried out after the installation of the frame, which will require the following:

metal profiles or wooden bars;
hacksaw for metal or wood;
drill;
screws and dowels.

To protect the insulation from moisture, a vapor barrier layer is required, and for processing the ceiling surface - a special impregnation, the composition of which is determined by the floor material.

Preparatory work

Before starting work on insulation, you should inspect the surface of the ceiling, clean it of dust and identify irregularities, cracks and other defects. In addition, you will need to check the presence of a height difference at different sites overlap. In case of significant discrepancies for the installation of thermal insulation, it is advisable to choose a frame method.

After cleaning the ceiling from dust and dirt, the detected damage is eliminated with wood putty or cement-based leveling compounds. After drying, the surface is sanded and processed special formulations to protect against mold and mildew. Especially carefully carry out preparatory work with the glue method of fixing the insulation.

Mineral wool insulation

When using mineral wool to insulate the ceiling, you first need to make a frame from metal guides or wooden bars. They are fixed on the ceiling in 50 cm increments using dowels or self-tapping screws, constructing cells a certain size... Then the vapor barrier layer is laid using membrane film, and perform the following types of work:

cut the insulation into pieces the right sizes matching the dimensions of the frame cells;
placing slabs of mineral wool in cells, additionally fixing them with dowels with wide caps;
fix the layer of vapor barrier material.

Use as a finishing layer different kinds panels, siding and other types of finishes, the choice of which depends on the purpose of the basement.

Foam insulation

Installation of thermal insulation using foam or extruded polystyrene foam can be performed using a special adhesive composition... Ceiling insulation measures include the following steps:

marking, which is necessary for orientation during the laying of material;
preparation of glue, the composition of which depends on the type of floors;
rolling one of the sides of the insulation with a needle roller to increase adhesion;
applying glue to the insulation plates using a fine-toothed comb;
gluing sheets of foam or extruded polystyrene foam to the ceiling surface from the middle in a checkerboard pattern;
additional fastening of the insulation with special dowels, which are placed in the middle and along the edges of the plates.

During installation, the sheets of thermal insulation are placed close to each other, trying to avoid gaps. The joints between the sheets can be closed with construction tape. If necessary finishing after the glue dries, the reinforcing mesh is fixed to the insulation. Then the surface of the ceiling is putty, eliminating irregularities. For basements for household use, it is enough to paint the plaster layer after it dries, and in rest rooms and similar rooms, finishing is carried out taking into account general concept clearance.

The technology of installing foam on the walls, ceiling and floor of the basement, the advantages and disadvantages of insulation with this material, the rules for choosing an insulator and other components protective coating.

The content of the article:

Basement insulation with penoplex is an option for isolating an underground room with a modern highly effective material... With its help, a shell is created on the walls, floor and ceiling, preventing the leakage of thermal energy. Compliance with technology rules installation works provides an acceptable temperature under living quarters and a comfortable stay in the house. Information about the protective layer based on this material and the installation technology is given in the article.

Features of basement thermal insulation with penoplex

Basement insulation is important stage in the construction of a house, which is carried out in parallel with the waterproofing of this room. A good owner will not leave without use a space of about two meters high between the ground and the first floor and will definitely do everything possible for its convenient operation.

Penoplex is ideal for finishing the basement - artificial material from the group of expanded polystyrene, possessing the properties of plastic and foam. After processing the components, a homogeneous mass with a homogeneous structure is obtained, which differs from similar products by good heat-insulating and moisture-repellent properties.

Penoplex is a domestic analogue of the European extruded polystyrene foam, which is produced by a Russian plant with the same name. Craftsmen recommend purchasing exactly the products of a domestic manufacturer, because its cost is lower than foreign samples, and the characteristics are no different.

It is advisable to carry out insulation at the initial stage of construction, when there is free access to the walls. The work becomes more complicated if carried out after long-term operation at home. To do this, it is necessary to excavate the foundation to its entire depth, which leads to the destruction of the territory closest to the house. In some cases, the walls of an underground room can be insulated from the inside - for example, if work is carried out in winter.

Penoplex consists of very small cells closed type which give the material greater rigidity. The high strength allows the sheets to withstand the pressure from the soil in the case of outdoor use and the heavy load if they are mounted on the floor.

The material is produced in the form of sheets of various densities with dimensions of 0.6x1.2 m with a thickness of 3-10 cm. The ceiling can be faced with blocks of low density, and the walls and floor - more rigid. Laying of products is facilitated by the presence of protrusions and milling along the edges of the blocks.

Advantages and disadvantages of basement insulation with penoplex

Thanks to the creation of a protective shell based on foam on the partitions and the overlap of the basement, many problems can be avoided.

Advantages of basement insulation with penoplex:

Cold air, dampness and fungus do not penetrate the living quarters from the lower room.
Walls are not subject to freezing and thawing. The product takes the load from the frost heaving of the soil and does not transfer it to the foundation.
The basement can be turned into an exploited space.
The material absorbs moisture poorly. It does not allow groundwater to reach the foundation. Even if the penoplex is wetted, its mass increases by only 0.4%.
Insulation can be done at any stage of house operation.
The insulator does not require replacement or repair for 50 years.
Basement floors made of this material do not need to be covered with a protective layer due to high density sheets.
Despite its dense structure, the product is easy to process.
Panels are manufactured with high precision which provides short time installation and the absence of cold bridges in a protective shell.
The material does not emit toxic fumes and is safe for indoor use.

Even such a high-tech product has disadvantages:

Penoplex is afraid of ultraviolet radiation, therefore, when used outdoors, there must be protection from sunlight.
The high cost can become an obstacle to its acquisition by people with low incomes.
Under the influence open fire the product melts and emits toxic fumes.

Basement insulation technology with penoplex

Basement insulation works are carried out in several stages. First, it is necessary to prepare the surfaces and choose the right material, and then the basic operations follow. Complete insulation is considered the best option for an underground room, but in order to save money, only partitions and a ceiling can be modified. In this case, the effect will be worse. More details about each stage are written below.

Penoplex selection rules

Penoplex in the basement works in extreme conditions, so it is necessary to buy only high-quality samples.

Check the condition of the material without special equipment impossible, but some operations allow you to detect a fake:

Examine the structure of the heat insulator. It is difficult to see it at the ends of the sheets, because cuts are lubricated cutting tool... Therefore, ask the seller for a broken piece, on which the inner contents are visible in their original form. High-quality penoplex consists of subtle cells. If the granules large sizes and are clearly visible, the insulator is made in violation of technology. In such material there are many pores that allow warm air and water to pass through.
If you press your finger on the damaged area and a crack is heard, then this is a sign of a fake. Sound appears when too thin walls of granules are destroyed.
Press down on the penoplex with your finger and release. No traces of load application should remain on the surface.
Check the information on the product packaging. The label always indicates the purpose of the insulator, date of issue, dimensions and characteristics. There must also be a barcode and a hologram.

To reduce the risk of purchasing a substandard product, shop at the manufacturer's brand stores. Purchase products sealed in a branded protective film from the manufacturer.

Penoplex blocks must have the correct geometric shape and dimensions within the tolerance. Bends, deformations and damage to the plates are not allowed.

For insulation of the walls and floors of the basement, a product labeled "Foundation" is suitable, which corresponds to the old designation "Penoplex 35" without a fire retardant. This type has increased strength and is designed for operation under load. Lower stiffness slabs can be laid on ceilings, which saves money.

Install sheets 10 cm thick inside the basement. If the room is planned to be heated, increase the insulating layer by 40-50%. The thickness of the sheets for external insulation is at least 15 cm. The panels for the floor should be of the same thickness.

For high-quality adhesion, the surface of the panels must be rough. If it is smooth, rub over it with sandpaper.

Preparatory work

There are two ways to insulate an underground room - from the inside or outside. The main thing is the creation of a protective shell from the side of the street. Insulation of the basement from the inside with penoplex is carried out in exceptional cases due to a decrease in the size of the room and the possible appearance of condensation on the walls. There is also a danger of destruction of the foundation due to periodic freezing and defrosting of the walls.

At internal insulation it is necessary to provide for the ventilation of the room in advance, since the partitions will not "breathe". The simplest option solutions to the problem - execute within the walls ventilation holes, and leave a gap for the air gap between the foam and the foundation. In this case, it is necessary to mount the frame to fix the panels in the right position... Due to the difference in the thickness of the foam and the profiles, there are gaps through which ventilation takes place.

In the basement, the slabs are fixed with glue or with dowels with poppet heads. The choice of fixing method depends on the level of groundwater. If they are located close to the surface, there is a danger that moisture will penetrate through the walls to the penoplex, so the sheets must be fixed with hardware.

If water is found, it is necessary to find the reason for its appearance in the basement. If it seeps through the foundation, postpone work until the walls are waterproofed. It is very difficult to eliminate the penetration of water into the room from the outside without creating a protective coating outside the house. To do this, you should open the foundation from the outside, drain water from the house, waterproof the foundation, but in this case all sense of insulation from the inside is lost. Sometimes this issue can be solved for several houses or an entire village by building drainage system... Another way to get rid of the water in your basement is to dig a well and install a pump. Of all the options, external insulation with high-quality waterproofing of the foundation remains the most acceptable.

Panels are trimmed to obtain blanks small size and various geometric shapes with the aim of high-quality styling near doors, ventilation and other openings. To do this, you can use the following devices:

Knives of any purpose heated to a high temperature. Sharpen the tool blade well for a straight cut. Remove small areas with a wide knife.
Use a jigsaw or a fine-toothed hacksaw to cut thicker workpieces.
If it is necessary to obtain a high quality surface, use hot nichrome wire in the cutting area.

Before gluing, do mock assembly insulation. When determining the dimensions of the panels, it must be borne in mind that they have milling. When cutting sheets, use our recommendations:

Pieces of material less than 200 mm wide must not be used in corners, near doors and other openings.
In the tops doorways place solid slabs.
Technological cutouts in the sheets should not coincide with the corners of the opening. They must be located at a distance of more than 200 mm.
Leave a gap on the door frames at least 20 mm.

Glue preparation

Stir the adhesive solution immediately before installation, because it loses its properties after a few hours. After hardening, it is not recommended to dilute the solution with water. Low temperature air prolongs the liquid state of the substance, and when it drops to +5 degrees, work is prohibited.

To prepare the composition, mix cold water and a dry mixture in the proportion indicated in the instructions for the glue, and mix with a low-speed drill for 5 minutes. Make sure there are no lumps in the solution. After 10 minutes, stir again for 5 minutes.

When choosing an adhesive, use our recommendations:

To fix the product, it is recommended to use polyurethane compounds with moisture-repellent properties. Products under the Kliberit, Knauf, Ceresit brand have proven themselves well.
Check the composition of the glue before work. Do not buy substances in which gasoline, solvents, acetone are present - they destroy the structure of the penoplex. Material consumption for smooth walls specified in the instructions for the product, but always buy glue with a margin - more goes on uneven surfaces.
The solidification time of the substance should not be short in order to have time to correct the position of the panels.

Protection of basement walls with penoplex

The methods of insulating the walls of the basement with penoplex from the inside and outside are very similar and differ only in the protective coating, which is mandatory from the street side, and from the inside - at the request of the customer.

Refinement of the walls from the inside is carried out in the following sequence:

Clean the partitions from dirt and dust. Remove loose plaster and other loose coating. If oil stains are found, remove them with solvents or mechanically.
Fill up gaps and protrusions. Uneven walls, with protrusions and depressions, plaster with a cement-sand mortar prepared in a ratio of 1: 4. If the base is concrete, cover it with a primer containing quartz sand. This additive will increase the adhesion of the adhesive to the partition.
Make sure there is no mildew or mildew on the surface. Clean damaged areas mechanically and then cover with antiseptic, fungicidal and bactericidal primers.
Paint all metal parts on the wall with anti-corrosion paint.
Waterproof the base. Well suited for this purpose bituminous mastic... Apply with a brush and smooth thoroughly. In order not to destroy the penoplex, the mastic should not contain solvents or gasoline. After the product has solidified, you can continue the process.
Apply a layer of glue 8-10 mm wide around the perimeter of the panel and up to 10 cm 2 spots in the middle. The sheet must be at least 40% covered with the composition. Its thickness depends on the unevenness of the wall and ranges from 1.5-2.5 cm. Do not cover the ends of the sheets with glue.
If the surface is plastered and perfectly flat, the mortar can be applied in a continuous layer and smoothed with a notched trowel.
Laying is done from bottom to top. Place the sheets against the wall and press down lightly. Press the subsequent sheets against the already glued panels. Mount the upper rows so that the vertical joints do not coincide. Fill the gaps remaining between the elements with wedges that are cut out of the waste.
Cover the outside with a decorative cover if necessary.

When fixing the foam outside the house, it is additionally fixed with dowels with wide heads. Next, the surface must be covered with an alkali-resistant mesh, again covered with glue, and then with plaster.

Penoplex insulation of the basement floor

The purpose of floor insulation is to prevent heat from leaking into the ground, even if the basement is cold.

Consider one of the options for isolating the site - on the ground:

Level the ground indoors. Tighten if necessary and leave to shrink for a month.
Fill the base with coarse gravel with a layer of 10 cm, level and tamp it.
Cover the pebbles with a layer of sand of the same thickness and also compact.
Place on the prepared base waterproofing film with an overlap of 15-20 cm on adjacent pieces and on the walls. Seal the joints with reinforced tape.
Place the foam sheets on the foil, pressing them tightly together. Seal the gaps between them with wedges made of waste material.
Cover the insulation vapor barrier film with an overlap of 15-20 cm on adjacent parts and on partitions. Seal the joints in any way.
Place a metal mesh over the membrane.
Fill in the film concrete screed at least 60 mm thick and level it horizontally.

Installation of penoplex in the basement on the ceiling

Floor insulation reduces the temperature difference between the floor in the living room and the air in the house. The technology for mounting material on the ceiling is not much different from the procedure for finalizing the walls of the basement from the inside.

The work is done as follows:

Prepare the ceiling and fix the penoplex to it in the same way as to the wall.
Fix the sheets for insurance with dowels with wide heads, which should go into the overlap by at least 6 cm. Usually 5 dowels are driven in - 4 in the corners and 1 in the middle. You can use 1 dowel to fix two sheets. To do this, it is hammered along the joints of the sheets. To speed up the process, it is allowed to use a pneumatic gun.
Sand the surface with coarse sanding paper.
Glue foil to the ceiling plastic wrap that will reflect heat into the room.
If necessary, install decorative or protective coatings, such as drywall sheets.

How to insulate a basement with penoplex - watch the video:

Basement insulation with foam is a simple process if you follow the installation technology and the requirements of the material manufacturer. The result will be warm house and reducing the cost of providing home comfort.