Raising spartan boys presentation. Presentation on "Ancient Sparta". What did the Spartans mean?

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ANCIENT SPARTA

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Sparta is the main city of Laconia, on the right bank of the Evrota River, between the Enus River (left tributary of the Evrota) and Tiaza (right tributary of the same river), also a state whose capital was Sparta. According to legend, Sparta was the capital of a significant state even before the invasion of the Dorians into the Peloponnese, when Laconia was allegedly inhabited by the Achaeans. Here reigned the brother of Agamemnon, Menelaus, who played such a prominent role in the Trojan War.

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MAP OF ANCIENT SPARTA

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The city of Sparta stood on the Evrote River. State territory around 1000 BC NS. was conquered by the Dorians, who turned part of the former inhabitants of the Achaeans into perieks (politically deprived of rights, but civilly free), part into helots (state slaves); the Doryans themselves constituted the ruling class of the Spartiats. In the 9th century BC. NS. the legislation of Lycurgus made Sparta a strong military state, which in two wars conquered Messinia and acquired hegemony over the Peloponnese and even predominance in all of Ancient Greece until the period of the Greco-Persian wars.
Territory of Ancient Sparta

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LACONIA

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It is difficult to say to which tribe the most ancient population of Laconia belonged, when and under what conditions it was settled by the Dorians, and what relations were established between them and the former population. There is no doubt only that if the Spartan state was formed thanks to the conquest, then we can trace the consequences of only the relatively late conquests, through which Sparta expanded at the expense of its closest neighbors. It is very likely that Ephoros testified that after the so-called invasion of the Dorians, Laconia did not constitute one state, but disintegrated into several (according to Ephorus - 6) states that were in alliance with each other. The center of one of them was Sparta.

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The name of the state comes from the city founded in the 10th century. BC. on the left bank of the river. Efrot. In foreign relations, Sparta was called La-Kedemon. Apparently, in the archaic era, before the beginning of the 7th century. BC e., the Spartan community was in the stage of military democracy and developed like other Dorian tribal formations. Each of its three phyla had its own basileia, a popular assembly, and a council of elders. The indigenous population, the Achaeans, came under the rule of the Spartans. The top of the local residents found a common language with the clan nobility of the Spartans, entered the community of the victors. 5 areas have appeared. Spartan villages from the residence of tribal communities have turned into a kind of small administrative centers.
State formation

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Sparta in the 7th century BC. the shortage of fertile land began to be felt especially noticeably. Wars began to seize Messenia, located in the center of the peninsula. As a result of the Messenian wars, a very vast territory with a large population was under the rule of Sparta. It was home to 200 thousand helot slaves, 32 thousand perieks. There were only 10 thousand Spartans - male warriors. Wars, the plunder of the enslaved people enriched the nobility of Sparta, discord began among the community, the aristocrats began to ignore the old customs and traditions; the facts of lawlessness and arbitrariness have become widespread. The Spartans in Messenia enslaved the population, the majority of which belonged to the Dorian people; the conquerors and the vanquished spoke the same language, had the same religion.

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The reforms traditionally attributed to Lycurgus date back to the first half of the 7th century. BC NS. In a short time, Lycurgus established an exemplary order, saved the people from turmoil and turmoil; legends attribute to him the creation of such laws of Spartan society, which were striking in their stability. Foreigners were struck by the public peace, security, the unquestioning submission of the younger to the elders, the law-abidingness of the Spartans, their lack of verbosity, and hostile secrecy in public affairs. They marveled at the Spartans' adherence to military pursuits and athletic exercises, their isolation, indifference to science and art. For some reason, the rulers sought to completely isolate the state, their fellow citizens from communication with other peoples.
Political system

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According to the reforms, all the Spartans who were drafted into the militia were endowed with land plots (clerics). In Laconia and Messinia, there were about 10 thousand of them. Claire was considered inalienable, hereditary possession, and since the land was considered the property of the state, the site could not be sold, donated, or formalized as an inheritance. The sizes of the plots were the same for everyone, thus, as it were, the economic basis of the "community of equals" was affirmed. The plots were cultivated by helots, whose duty was to support the Spartan and his family.

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The Spartans had absolute power over the helots, but at the same time they created some conditions of material interest for them. Many scholars have classified them as slaves. The Spartans did not interfere in the economic affairs of their helots, but the latter were responsible with their lives for the untimely payment of the quitrent or tax in kind. Ilots could not be released or sold outside the state. Cloers and helots were considered communal-state property. This form economically and legally strengthened the "community of equals", completed the transformation of the polis from a community into a slave state, taking into account the specifics of Sparta. The way of life of the demos, its traditions, customs became the law.

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Ancient Sparta THE ANCESTORS OF THE SPARTANES WERE THE GREEK TRIBES COMING FROM THE NORTH OF THE BALKAN PENINSULA. THEY LOCATED IN SOUTH GREECE. IN THE VALLEY OF THE EUROT RIVER IN THE LACONIA region, SEVERAL NEIGHBORING POPULATIONS UNITED AND BECAME CALLED SPARTA.

SPARTANES AND ELOTS. GRADUALLY THE SPARTANES CONQUERED ALL LACONIA, AND ITS RESIDENTS FORCED TO WORK FOR THEMSELVES AND STARTED TO BE CALLED ILOTS. FERTILIZED MESSENIA IS LOCATED NEAR THE LACONIA. THE SPARTANES, AFTER A FIRM FIGHT, CONQUERED THIS REGION. THE RESIDENTS OF MESSENIA WERE ALSO TRANSFORMED INTO ILOTOV.

ALL LAND IN LACONIA AND MESSENIA WAS DIVIDED BETWEEN THE SPARTANS INTO EQUAL PLOTS. THE ELOTS LIVED AND WORKED ON THESE PLANTS, GIVING THE SPARTANES A STATE-STATED AMOUNT OF GREATED GRAIN, OLIVES, VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS. THE ILOTS WERE SLAVES OWNING THE SPARTAN STATE, THEY WERE PROHIBITED TO LEAVE THEIR POPULATIONS. ... SPARTANES AND ELOTS.

THE SPARTANES TREATED THE ILOTS RUDE AND CRUELY, SLEEPED AT THEM. FOR EXAMPLE, THEY FORCED ILOTOV TO DRINK WINE NOT DILUTED WITH WATER, AND THEN SHOWED THEIR YOUTH IN ORDER TO INSULATE AN ANOTHER OF DRINKING. IN LACONIA AND MESSENIA ILOTA MOST OF THE POPULATION. Clash of Spartans and Helots. SPARTANES AND ELOTS.

Fearing their conspiracy and uprising, the SPARTAN RULERS, from time to time, arranged the beating of unarmed people. SPARTAN YOUNG MEN WERE GIVEN SWORDS AND SEND THEM TO WALK IN THE SURROUNDINGS. During the day they hid, and at night they killed those helots who met on the roads. SPARTANES AND ELOTS.

Rarely did the young men go around the fields, KILLING THE MOST STRONG ELOTS. THE RESIDENTS OF THE REST OF GREECE CALLED THE KILLING OF THE ELOTS A Vile deed and condemned the Spartans for keeping in slavery their companions - the Greeks Spartans and the Spartans.

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SPARTAN STATE. SLAVES CONSISTS OF SPARE DANCES, VOTES DISCUSS ALL THE PROBLEMS OF THE TROOP COMMANDER FREE POPULATION

SPARTA - MILITARY CAMP. SPARTA HAS NO FORTRESS WALLS. ITS RESIDENTS STATED THAT THE ONLY RELIABLE PROTECTION OF THE CITY ARE NOT STONES, BUT BRAVE HUSBANDS. The main occupation of the Spartans was the military

ARMY OF SPARTANES. THE WEAPON OF THE SPARTAN WARRIOR CONSISED OF: METAL HELMET SPEARS LEATHER ARMOR SWORDS LARGE METAL SHIELD.

THE PHALANGE CONSISED OF 8 ROWS OF THOUSAND WARRIORS EACH. THE FIRST 3 ROWS PUT THE SPEARS FORWARD. PHALANGA HITS INTO THE ENTIRE AND DESTROY HIM. THE SPARTANES FOR THE FIRST TIME IN THE WORLD INTRODUCED ORDER IN THE ACTIONS OF THE WARRIOR.

SPARTA REMEMBERED A MILITARY CAMP WHERE NO ONE COULD LIVE AS HE WANTS. THE SPARTANES WERE FORBIDDEN TO TRADE AND CRAFTS, ALL HANDLESS WORK WAS DISPUTED. THE ALIENS DIDN'T COME TO SPARTA. THERE WASN'T SELLING ANYTHING HERE AND THERE WAS NOTHING TO LOVE: THE CITY WASN'T BUILD BEAUTIFUL BUILDINGS, DON'T STATE A STATUE.

THE RESIDENTS OF SPARTA themselves were not allowed to travel abroad for fear, lest they imitate someone else's life. THE SPARTANTS WERE FORBIDDEN TO DINE AT HOME. JOINED IN GROUPS OF ONE AND A HALF TEN, MEN ARE EATING THE SAME FOOD TOGETHER: BREAD, VEGETABLES, A LITTLE CHEESE AND ONLY REDUCED MEAT AND FISH.

ONCE AFTER THE VICTORY, THE FAMOUS COMMANDER RETURNED TO SPARTA. HE JUST SENDED FOR HIS SHARE OF FOOD, WISHING TO EAT WITH WIFE THIS TIME. HE WAS NOT ONLY REFUSED, BUT IN ADDITIONAL PENALTIES. OBSERVANCE OF ALL THE RULES OF ZORKO WAS FOLLOWED BY A COUNCIL OF ELDERS, WITH HUGE AND UNCONTROLLED POWER.

THE COUNCIL INCLUDED THE MOST WORTHY CITIZENS AT LEAST 60 YEARS OLD. THEY PARTICIPATED IN THE MEETINGS FOR LIFE. A PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLY CONSISED OF SPARTAN MEN, SELECTED ELDERS, PRESENTED AN ANNOUNCEMENT OF WAR AND THE CONCLUSION OF PEACE. HOWEVER, ONLY THE ELDERS HAD THE RIGHT TO SPEAK INTO THE PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLY. THE OTHERS SHOULD VOTE FOR OR AGAINST THE PROPOSALS MADE BY THEM.

THE ARMY COMMANDED TWO LEADERS, THEY CALLED KINGS. THE POWER OF KINGS HAS BEEN HEREDITARY, BUT THERE WAS NO GREAT. KINGS WERE IN THE COUNCIL OF ELDERS AND USUALLY OBEYED HIS WILL. IN THE 6TH CENTURY BC. NS. SPARTA BECAME ONE OF THE MOST POWERFUL POLISES IN GREECE.

CHILDREN'S METHOD OF VOTING IN SPARTA REPLACE THE DEAD ELDER THE SPARTANTS HAVE CHOSEN NEW. ELECTIONS HAPPENED IN THE PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLY. BEFORE THE MEETING IN SILENCE, ONE AFTER ANOTHER WAS ALL THE HONORED BECOMING AN ELDER. THE PEOPLE RECEIVED EVERY SHOUT OF APPROVAL. AND TO DETERMINE WHICH IS SELECTED FROM THEM, DO THIS. IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD A FEW SPARTANES WERE TRUSTED BY THE OTHER. THEY WERE HEARING EVERYTHING, BUT SEEING NOTHING. THEY DECLARED THEY ANNOUNCED THE ONE FOR WHOM, AS IT FEELED TO BE, SCREAMED LOUDER THAN OTHERS. A SIMILAR METHOD OF VOTING THE GREEKS FROM OTHER CITIES were ridiculously CALLED CHILD (apparently because small children, when they argue, often go to shout: each, proving his innocence, tries to shout down the other).

SPARTAN EDUCATION. THE GREEKS STATED THAT CHILDREN IN SPARTA DO NOT OWN THE PARENTS, BUT THE STATE. THE FATHER HAD TO CARRY THE NEWBORN TO THE ELDERS. THOSE OBSERVED THE CHILD AND, IF FOUND HIM STRONG, GIVE IT TO THE FATHER. IF THE SAME CHILD WAS FILMY, IT WAS DROPPED FROM THE MOUNTAIN CLOSE INTO THE ABOVE.

THE HEAD OF EACH ORDER HAS BEEN SOMETHING DIFFERENT IN CONVENIENCE AND WAS THE BRAVEER OF ALL IN FIGHTS. THE OTHERS FOLLOWED HIS ORDERS AND SILENTLY ENDED THE PUNISHMENT. ONE OF THE MOST RESPECTED SPARTANES HAS BEEN APPOINTED AS THE CHIEF TEACHER OF THE BOYS. THE GAMES AND ACTIVITIES OF THE CHILDREN WERE ALSO LOOKED BY OLD MEN. THEY TRYED TO Cause a quarrel and a fight, and then watched whether their pets were courageous, whether they were stubborn in fights.

THE CHILDREN HAVE TRAINED TO ENDURE DISCONVENIENCES AND DEPRIVALITY. THEY RUNNED half-naked and uncomfortable, SLEEPING ON BEDS, WHICH COOKED FOR THEMSELVES, BREAKING A CANE WITH BARE HANDS ON THE COAST OF EUROT. FEEDING THE BOYS SCARE, IMPROVING THEIR TO PRODUCE THEIR FOOD. THEY CURED NOT ONLY IN THE GARDENS AND OTHER PANTRY, BUT EVEN IN THE CHURCHES FOOD INTENDED AS A SACRIFICE TO THE GODS. DRAWING FROM UNDER THE NOSE OF THE COURSE EVERYTHING EATABLE - VEGETABLES, BREAD, CHEESE. BUT IF THE VORISHKA GETTED, HE WAS BEATHED WITH A WHIP, PUNISHING NOT FOR THEFT, BUT FOR INSANELY THEFT.

YOUNG SPARTANES HAVE TRAINED TO SPEAK BRIEFLY, TO GIVE CLEAR AND ACCURATE ANSWERS (such speech is called laconic - by the name of the area of ​​laconia). THE ATHENS CONSIDERED THE SPARTANES UNLEACHED, BECAUSE THEY LEARNED LITERATURE LITTLE.

BUT BOTH BOYS AND GIRLS WERE INTENSELY IN GYMNASTICS: COMPETED IN RUN, JUMPING, WRESTLING, DISC THROWING AND SPEARS. THE BOYS LEARNED FOR HOURS TO THE SOUND OF A FLUTE THE WAR SONGS WITH WHICH THE SPARTANES WENT INTO BATTLE. YOUNG SINGERS HONORED THE FALLEN FOR SPARTA, CROWNED THE COWARDS, PROMISING IN THE FUTURE TO PROVE THEIR COURAGE AND PERFORM FEATS WORTHY TO PRESERVE FOR AGES.

DURING ONE OF THE WAR, THE SPARTANES WERE PREDICTED THAT THEY WILL WIN IF THE ATHEN LEAD THEIR TROOPS. BUT THE ATHENS SEND NOT THE COMMANDER IN SINGLE, BUT THE Lame SCHOOL TEACHER TIRTEUS. THE SPARTANTS FIRST TREASURED HIM. HOWEVER, TIRTEUS WAS SO HIS FLAME SONGS BOOST THE SPIRIT OF THE WARRIORS AND THE SPARTANES VICTORY. WITH THE SONGS OF TIRTHEUS THE SPARTANES WALKED INTO BATTLE. IN HIS LITTLE POETS, THE POET CHANGEED THE LEGEND ABOUT THE POET TIRTEUS

The system of civic education of Spartan boys Spartan boys Plutarch Plutarch writes that in ancient Sparta there was a custom to kill newborn children, throwing them into Apophetes (a "place of refusal" in a gorge in the Taygeta mountains), if they had any physical disabilities. Apophetes Taygeta The upbringing of the child did not depend on the will of the father, he brought him to the "lesha", the place where the senior members of the fila sat, who examined the child. If he turned out to be strong and healthy, he was given to feed his father, allotting him one of the nine land plots, but weak and ugly children were thrown into the "apofets", an abyss near Taygeta.

At birth, the boy was taken and carried to the edge of the abyss of Apofeta, where he was carefully and carefully examined. If the boy was sick or weak, then he was thrown into the abyss. Apophetes of Spartan children were subjected to various tests from infancy. The cradles in which the children slept were very rough and hard. At the age of seven, the boys were sent to special military camps. There they learned to survive. Those who could not cope died. They slept on straw mats, and they were allowed to wear clothes only from the age of 12. Some boys put nettles in their beddings to warm them by burning them. The boys did physical exercise, practiced sword handling and javelin throwing. They had to look for food for themselves, steal, rob, and if they had to, then kill. They were sometimes allowed to "have fun", that is, to arrange so-called crypts, the boys ran to neighboring villages (helots) and robbed them, and the most powerful men were killed. They also killed livestock and basked in their insides

At the age of 17, when the young Spartans had to return home, the last test awaited them, they needed to get to the temple of Artemis, which was very high in the mountains. Once there, the Spartan had to "make a sacrifice." The priests of the temple tied the young man over a large sacrificial bowl and began to whip him with wet rods until the first drops of blood. So it was, if the young man did not make a single sound, but as soon as he made at least a sound, they beat him even harder, as long as he was silent. So they could be nailed to the point of loss of consciousness and even to death. Thus, the weak were eliminated. Girls in Sparta did not go through this system, but they were forced to do a lot of sports, and sometimes they were taught to use weapons. Temple of Artemis

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"Sparta and her army" Completed by: Kulesh Galina Alekseevna, history teacher.

The purpose of this work is not only to restore the picture of the military past of Ancient Sparta and the education of Spartan fighters, but also to explore Ancient Sparta in a single natural process of history. To achieve the goal, it is necessary to set tasks, namely: to analyze the upbringing of Spartan boys, to consider the Spartan army, to consider the weapons of the Spartans, to consider Sparta in the time of Herodotus.

Spartan shield Sparta or Lacedaemon is an ancient state in Greece in the Laconia region in the south of the Peloponnese peninsula, in the Evrota valley. The word Lacedaemon was almost always used as the official name of the Spartan state (for example, in international treaties). Territory of Ancient Sparta.

Sparta is a militarized state. The emblem of the Spartan army The Army of Sparta is the military formation of the city-state of Sparta. It was believed that "a Spartan warrior is worth several other warriors." The land in Sparta was divided between the farms in which the helots worked. The farms belonged to the state, and each Spartan received everything he needed from one of them. This system allowed the Spartans to devote all their time to the art of war.

Raising a Spartan Boy At the age of seven, boys were taken away from their mothers, their hair was cut off, and they were grouped together. The children lived, ate and slept together and learned from the same mentor. They were taught to endure hunger and get food for themselves. Fights were encouraged among both children and adults. Virtue among the Spartans was courage, and the greatest vice was cowardice. Those killed in battle were carried home on their shields, hence the expression "with a shield or on a shield." A young man was considered an adult at twenty years old, when he became fit for military service.

Spartan army. The armament of the Spartan consisted of a spear, a short sword and defensive weapons: a round shield, a helmet, an armor on the chest and leggings. The weight of the protective weapons reached 30 kg. The heavily armed fighter was called a hoplite. The Spartan army also included lightly armed fighters, whose weapons were a light spear, a dart or a bow with arrows. The backbone of the Spartan army was made up of hoplites, which had a population of about 5-6 thousand people.

On the subject: methodological developments, presentations and notes

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