Project "Verbal and Picturesque Portraits of Russian Peasants" (based on stories from the cycle "Notes of a Hunter" by I. Turgenev).

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Another category of persons outlined by Turgenev in the "Notes" - the peasants, who must pull the strap of serfdom. In this case, the author showed Russian society a new world in all its nakedness, the world of people on whose labor mighty Russia was based.

The types of men drawn by the author are poor, untidy, careless and lazy. But as soon as they get out of their plight, they become hardworking owners. Being narrow-minded and simple-minded in appearance, the man turns out to be cunning in practice. The peasant is phlegmatic, but at the same time stubborn, rude, and sometimes cruel. If he manages to achieve a higher position, the peasant often proudly and even contemptuously refers to his younger brother, but he constantly has reverence for the master and always expresses slavish obedience. True, ignorance and an inclination to drunkenness bring him to death, but he is indifferent to everything: to his own and someone else's grief, and even to death. But in the peasant you can easily notice the nice sides of "hidden virtue", so he arouses sympathy, pity.

Turgenev perfectly understood why the character of the peasant was formed this way, and not otherwise, and therefore his work served as an ardent protest against serfdom, against the despotic attitude of landowners to serfs, against the abnormal position of the peasant and, mainly, against the widespread opinion that the peasant is not able to feel that he is not a man. Some peasants achieved a comparatively better material situation and became quite prosperous owners. These are peasant practitioners, such as Khor in the story “Khor and Kalinich” and Nikolai Ivanovich, the hero of the story “Singers”.

Turgenev speaks of Khor as follows: “Khor was a positive, practical, administrative head, a rationalist; he ... settled down, saved up some money, got along with the master and other authorities; Khor bred a large family, obedient and unanimous, Khor saw through and through Mr. Polutykin ... Kalinich loved and protected him ... Khor spoke little, laughed and understood to himself ... ”The master himself calls Khor an intelligent peasant; and indeed, he turns out to be a forward-thinking person. The chorus clearly realizes that it is better for him to be away from the master and, thanks to his resourcefulness and common sense, gets permission to settle in the forest, in the swamp. Khor is quite convinced that the master only dreams of getting as much quitrent as possible from him, and Khor regularly brings the landlord a hundred rubles a year. Hunting with "oil and tar", Khor saved some money, but he is not redeemed for free because of special calculations.

He believes that it is more profitable for him to be behind the master, "if you get into completely free people - then whoever lives without a beard will be the biggest Koryu." It should be noted that Khor does not like to express his opinions about freedom, and the author says about Khor: "You are strong in language and a man in your mind." He looks with contempt at women, who, in his opinion, should be constantly in complete dependence on men. A distinctive feature of Khor is his attitude towards the landlord. He seems to be aware of the injustice of the abnormal relationship between the master and the peasant.

So, Khor argues with Kalinich, proves to him that the master should give Kalinich for his boots, since he constantly drags him on the hunt. Khor in conversation refers to the author of the story somehow condescendingly and ironically. "And what if you have your own fiefdom?" - There is. - "Well, you, father, do you live in your estate?" .; I live. - "And the bigger one, tea, do you use a gun?" - Frankly, yes. - “Okay, father, you are doing. Shoot grouse to your health, but change the headman more often. " Khor's conclusion is very simple: life is very easy for a master; he has nothing to do, because others do for him; let him amuse himself.

Nikolai Ivanovich, the hero of the story "Singers", is a striking type of practitioner-host. Turgenev says about him that “he has a lot of common sense; he is well aware of the landlord's life, both the peasant and the bourgeois. He knows a lot about everything that is important or interesting for a Russian person: in horses and in cattle, in the forest, in bricks, in dishes, in red goods and in leather goods, in songs and in dances. " Nikolai Ivanovich is known throughout the neighborhood as a friendly and good-natured owner, and therefore you can always find many guests in his tavern. With his handsome features, Nikolai Ivanovich won the favor of the environment and even enjoyed a certain influence. So, "his neighbors respect ... he forced the famous horse thief to return the horse, which he brought from the yard of one of his acquaintances, enlightened the peasants of the neighboring village, who did not want to accept a new manager."

However, from the "Notes of a Hunter" it is clear that nothing guaranteed the practitioner-peasant from the various vicissitudes of his dependent position. Examples of this can be found in Akim Semyonov in the story "The Inn". He started with a cab, got hold of, started an inn, but a passion for women was the main reason for his unhappy fate. Already a completely elderly man, Akim Semyonov suddenly fell in love with a young lady's maid and married her almost against her will. The life of the couple flows peacefully and calmly, but suddenly misfortune falls on Akim Semyonov, the culprit of which is the small merchant Naum Ivanovich. The latter managed to seduce Akim's wife, and later this villain, using Akim's money demanded from Avdotya, buys his mistress an inn belonging to Akim, and the deed of sale was written in her name. This circumstance makes a depressing impression on Akim, who is completely lost; his own inn, which for several years had been his only income item, was taken over by a stranger with his own money. In addition, a stranger buys real estate not from him, but from his landowner, who shamelessly uses a very dubious right to the property of her serfs. This grief finally knocked Akim off his feet. Akim cannot achieve anything from his landowner, he believes that he is not able to correct the trouble.

With grief, Akim drank for two days with the deacon Ephraim, a desperate drunkard, who happened to meet him. Under the influence of wine vapors, Akim decides to take revenge on the new owner and intends to set fire to the courtyard, in which Naum Ivanovich and his employees have already moved. The latter turns out to be too far-sighted: he is lightly asleep and catches Akim at the crime scene, and a smoldering brand and a kitchen knife are immediately apparent. Akim is put in the basement for the night with the intention of taking him to the city the next day. Akim becomes sober, and overnight a coup takes place with him: he no longer makes a claim to Naum Ivanovich, but he attributes all the misfortunes that have befallen him to personal sins, which he expresses in the following words: “My old years, it's time to think about your darling. The Lord Himself enlightened me. You see, I'm an old fool, I wanted to live with my young wife for my own pleasure ... No, old brother, you first pray and knock your forehead on the ground, but be patient, and fast. " This is what he said to Avdotya. And what? Akim leaves Naum Ivanovich alone and indulges in a wandering way of life. "Wherever pious Russian people flock, one could see his emaciated and aged, but still fine-looking face ... He seemed completely calm and happy, and those people who managed to talk to him talked a lot about his piety and humility."

Akim becomes devoutly ideal; he completely forgave Naum Ivanovich and Avdotya, to whom he gave all the remaining property, and the lady. Another category of persons is made up of idealistic peasants, dreamers who do not at all care about improving their financial situation and are quite content with the fact that they have the opportunity to live and contemplate the beauty of God's world. These include two types drawn by Turgenev in the "Notes": Kalinich and Kasyan with a Beautiful Sword. Both of them are poetic natures in the Russian people. Kalinich has a good-natured, clear gaze, an eternally cheerful and meek disposition; he is an idealist, a romantic, a perfect child of nature. He does not know people and will never know. His noble and gentle soul requires affection.

He respects and loves Khor, and takes care of the master like a child. The feeling in him overpowers all other spiritual forces. He speaks with fervor about all subjects. Kalinich is not engaged in the economy, as he is distracted by the hunt with the master, to whom he treats with respect and reverence. Kalinich is completely satisfied with his position, blindly believes that everything should be so and that everything is fine. Kalinich's mind demands food; but he did not receive an education, and he looks at nature in a peculiar way. He blindly believes in various natural phenomena, since there is no one to ask about their true meaning. Kalinich knows how to speak blood, fright, rage, drive out worms; his bees do not die, his hand is light. Kalinich has no will. He feels well under the auspices of Khor, for whom he has respect and love. So, “Kalinich entered the hut with a bunch of wild strawberries in his hands, which he picked for his friend, Khorya.

The old man greeted him cordially. I looked at Kalinich in amazement: I confess that I did not expect such non-zoology: “A fish has cold blood - a fish is a dumb creature. She is not afraid, not having fun; fish is a wordless creature. The fish does not feel, and the blood is not alive in it. " Any forest, field, river, swamp, and meadow, and horse, and grassroots creature is a sin to kill - let it live on earth to its limit. " In general, Kasyan does not treat a person with special respect, not because “there is no justice in a person,” but he believes and is even convinced that there is somewhere a blissful country, “where the sweet-voiced Gamayun bird lives, and there is no leaf from the trees in winter. it pours, not in the fall, and golden apples grow on silver branches, and every person lives in contentment and justice. " Kasyan cannot reach this country in any way, even though he has gone a lot, looking for justice, just as "many other peasants walk in bast shoes, wander around the world, looking for the truth." Kasyan is literate, although, of course, uneducated. In education, he probably would have suffered more from his position. He teaches his daughter Annushka to read and write. But he is not a little upset and upset. Among other peasants, Kasyan was suddenly moved from his homeland to a new, alien place. “There,” says Kasyan, “here, on the Beautiful Swords, you will climb the hill ... and Lord, my God, ah !. And the rivers, and the meadows, and the forest !. And there was a church, and there the meadows began again. Far away, far away! That's how far you can see. Oh, you are right !. “Here, in the cramped space, cut off from his native nest, Kasyan was completely lost. But, despite all this, Kasyan is a philosopher, a poet, a healer, and knows how to speak. He knows the properties of some herbs and heals, but his medical beliefs have much in common with the widespread theory of the self-healing action of nature. So, he says: “What kind of medicine am I, and who can heal? This is all from God. And there is… there are herbs, flowers are there: they help for sure ”.

From these words it is clear that Kasyan admits that healing goes by itself, and a person can only help or hinder him, placing him in certain conditions. If a person does not recover, then nothing can be done to help: Maxim the carpenter, for example, could not be helped, since he was “not a tenant on earth ... bread is not for the future, - as if something is recalling him. " Kasian is very wary of conspiracies. “And they help, but sin,” he says about unclean herbs: “and talking about them is a sin. Even with prayer, perhaps. Well, of course, there are such words ... And whoever believes will be saved. "

Since Kasyan did not have the opportunity to change his position, he harbored spiritual strength in himself and lives more in a dreamy world than in a real one, which does not satisfy him at all. He dreams of finding himself in those countries where the sun shines more welcoming, and "God knows better, and that song is sung," where expanse and God's grace, where every person lives justly and experiences full pleasure. Such is Kasyan, but he is also the property of the landlord. A third group consists of peasants who have not been touched by civilization at all. This is Biryuk. Shouldered, tall, he has tremendous physical strength. The men are afraid of him. He does not allow the twigs to carry the bundles.

At whatever time the peasants try to steal something, Biryuk is always right there, and nothing can be bribed him. Biryuk does not show himself to be cruel towards the peasant: he is only stern and strict. “Stealing is not a trace of anyone,” he reads the lecture to the peasant caught at the crime scene, although deep down in his heart, no doubt, he sympathizes with the poor man whom “need” and “hunger” pushed to steal. Biryuk lets him go, but not right away. He knows that he, too, is a man of bondage, and that he will be charged. The main task of Turgenev when creating these images was to prove that a man is the same person as a landowner or any representative of the upper class, that he also understands and feels. If this guy is dirty, hungry, rude, ignorant; if this inhabitant of the village is more or less alien to the concepts of morality, aesthetics and ideal virtue, then it is not he who is to blame, but the one who, having no right to do so, took possession of him, turned him into his property, instilled in him a feeling of slavish obedience and at the same time, he developed all sorts of shortcomings in him and, like a spider, sucks the juices out of him and thrives on his work. For example, let's take a tragic scene from the story "Biryuk".

Here we meet with a skinned hungry man, whom extreme need forced to go to a strange forest for a tree for sale, but the thief was caught by Biryuk. From the dialogue between Biryuk and the peasant we hear the words of the latter: “Let go ... from hunger ... let go ... The bailiff has ruined ... do not ruin. Yours, you yourself know, will stuck, stuck, in how ... Let go, by God, from hunger ... the kids squeak, you know yourself. Cool in the right way ... The little horse, at least her, has one belly ... let it go! " What a difficult picture of the bitter peasant life confronts us during this conversation.

Each of them is right in their own way. Biryuk is relentless, since he often has to listen to such explanations, but Biryuk has one answer for all: there is no trace of stealing to anyone. A surprisingly handsome type of peasant girl presents the sketched portrait of Akulina in the story "Date". Akulina is burdened by her country position, although she did not see another, but only heard from her lover, the valet of the master, Viktor Alexandrovich, about the wonders of St. Petersburg. “The society, the education is just amazing,” he says. Akulina listens with devouring attention, slightly opening her lips like a child, and he tries to prove that she is not even able to understand this, but she objects: “Why, Viktor Alexandrovich? I realized; I understood everything". It is a terrible pity for this glorious, loving and inquisitive girl, who becomes the victim of a depraved "educated" urban lackey.

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Composition

Children are the future of an entire nation. That is why such sympathy, love and tenderness are imbued with the images of peasant children, brightly and warmly described in the story of IS Turgenev "Bezhin Meadow".

Businesslike and serious, with all their childlike spontaneity, the guys cause us not only a smile, but also real respect. Skillful, dexterous, economic, they are busy with a responsible job - herding horses. Nightlife, bonfires, conversations in anticipation of "potatoes" - this is not fun at all. Without hesitation, Pavlusha rushed after the worried dogs, thinking that the herd was attacked by wolves. A twelve-year-old unarmed boy was not afraid of a possible fight with a hungry forest predator! He also did not shy away when he went alone into the darkness to the river, because "I wanted to drink some water." And this is after the terrible stories about evil spirits!

In the unhurried conversations of the boys, in the "tales" they told about the goblin, the water and the mermaids, all the wealth of the spiritual world of the ordinary Russian person is revealed to us. And there is so much poetry in their unusual comparisons: “Look, look, guys,” Vanya’s child's voice suddenly rang out, “look at God's stars,“ that bees are swarming! ” The portraits of the guys are drawn by the writer with warmth and tenderness: it is simply impossible to forget the "fresh face" and "big quiet eyes" of seven-year-old Vanya, the face of Pavel burning with "bold prowess and firm determination".

Other compositions on this work

Landscape in the story of I. S. Turgenev "Bezhin Meadow" Characteristics of the main characters of the story "Bezhin Meadow" by I. S. Turgenev Man and nature in the story of I. S. Turgenev "Bezhin meadow" Characteristics of the main characters of the story by Ivan Turgenev "Bezhin Meadow" How to explain why the story is called "Bezhin Meadow" What is said in the story "Bezhin Meadow" The human and fantastic world in Turgenev's story "Bezhin Meadow" The peasant world in Turgenev's story "Bezhin Meadow" Pictures of nature in the story of I. S. Turgenev "Bezhin meadow" Description of nature in the context of images of boys in the story "Bezhin Meadow" Village boys in Turgenev's story "Bezhin Meadow"

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"Hunter's Notes"

I.S. Turgenev.

Brief historical and literary reference.

Study of the work: "The Singers"

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"The life of a clan, family, clan is deep, knotty, mysterious, often frightening." I.A. Bunin "Sukhodol".

“I could not breathe the same air, stay close to what I hated ... In my eyes this enemy had a certain image, bore a well-known name: this enemy was serfdom. Under this name I gathered and concentrated everything against which I decided to fight to the end - with which I vowed never to try on ... It was my Annibal's oath. " I.S. Turgenev.

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“All of them (Turgenev’s stories) tell about serfs and represent not only a detailed psychological study, but even go as far as idealizing serfs, who, in their moral qualities, were superior to their heartless masters ... A string of ideal and touching serfs, passing through these stories, portrayed all the absurdity of slavery, causing the indignation of many influential persons of that time. " V.V. Nabokov.

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Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich. (28.X.1818 - 22.VIII.1883) Prose writer, poet, playwright, critic, publicist, memoirist, translator. Born into the family of Sergei Nikolaevich and Varvara Petrovna Turgenev. Turgenev's childhood passed in the parental estate of Spassky-Lutovinovo, near the town of Mtsensk, Oryol province; his first teacher was his mother's serf secretary Fyodor Lobanov. By the age of 14, Turgenev was fluent in three foreign languages ​​and managed to get acquainted with the best works of European and Russian literature.

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Varvara Petrovna Lutovinova (1787 -1850)

“Orphans are not children for long. I myself was an orphan, and before anyone else I felt very much about my benefit ... I did not have a mother; my mother was like a stepmother to me. She was married, other children, other connections. I was alone in the world. "

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Turgenev fell in love with hunting before he became a writer, and gained literary fame thanks to hunting.

Portrait of Turgenev - a hunter.

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Since 1847, Turgenev's stories began to appear in Nekrasov's Sovremennik magazine, which the author later combines into a separate book and calls it The Hunter's Notes.

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Lebedyan. "Tatiana Borisovna and her nephew" "Death". "Singers". "Pyotr Petrovich Karataev". "Date". "Hamlet of the Shchigrovsky district". "Tchertop-hanov and Nedopyuskin". "End of Chekrtopkhanov". "Living Power". "Knocks"! "Forest and Steppe".

"Khor and Kalinych" "Ermolai and the miller's wife". "Raspberry water". "County doctor". "My neighbor Radilov." "Odnodvorets Ovsyannikov". "Lgov". "Bezhin meadow". "Kasian with Beautiful Swords". "Burmister". "Office". "Biryuk" "Two landowners".

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The main theme and idea of ​​the "Notes of a Hunter"

Theme. The image of the common Russian people, serfs. Assessment of their high spiritual and moral qualities; showing the moral impoverishment of the Russian nobility Idea. Protest against serfdom.

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History of creation

The Singers were written in August-September 1850. Initially, the story was called The Pristine Zucchini. The title "Singers" probably belongs to N. A. Nekrasov.

1850 I.S. Turgenev reported on the addition of a new story to the "Hunter's Notes", in which he "in a slightly embellished form" depicted a competition between two folk singers, which he himself witnessed "two months ago." In the memoirs of the former serf Turgenev, village teacher A.I. Zamyatin, it is testified that "Yashka-turchonok, son of a captured Turkish woman" is a real person

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Contemporaries about the story

Literature PROJECT:

Compilation of an electronic album

"Verbal and picturesque portraits of Russian peasants"

(based on stories from the cycle "Notes of a Hunter" by I. S. Turgenev)

6th grade

2015-2016 academic year

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev loved the nature of his native land from childhood. He often ran away with one of the courtyards into the wilderness of the garden, which was a very special world for the future writer. “These trees, these green leaves, these tall grasses blocked us from the rest of the world,” he wrote. Local foresters and hunters told the boy about the life and habits of birds, took him with them to hunt. This passion later led him to write the famous "Notes of a Hunter", where Turgenev acted as a first-class realist artist.

In "Notes of a Hunter" by Turgenev- not only pictures of Russian nature. The unpretentious atmosphere of a peasant hut, a landlord's household, chickens digging in dung, horses fanning their tails, a picture of a horse fair - all this prose of everyday life turns into poetry for the writer. Turgenev characterizes a person through the things around him, through the atmosphere of home life, through descriptions of nature.

In the story "Biryuk" the author describes a small poor hut, in one window of which a light shines dimly. And here is the description of the house itself: “The forester's hut consisted of one room, smoky, low and empty, without shelves and partitions. A tattered sheepskin coat hung on the wall. A single-barreled rifle lay on the bench, and a pile of rags lay in the corner; two large pots stood near the stove. " The general impression of the peasant's modest life is reinforced by the torch standing on the table, which barely burns, "sadly flashing and extinguishing." A girl of about twelve is sitting on a tiny bench, swinging a cradle tied to the end of a long pole in the very middle of the room with one hand, straightening the dying torch with the other. The hero's heart ached when he saw this gloomy picture.

The owner of the shack, forester Foma, nicknamed Biryuk, works regularly in his position, trying to honestly earn pitiful pennies, which are only enough for a piece of bread. All the peasants in the district feared Biryuk for his honesty: “He won’t let the bundles of brushwood be taken away; at any time, even at midnight, it will fall like snow on your head, and you don’t think to resist - you say, strong, and dexterous, like a demon ... And nothing can take him: neither wine nor money; does not go to any bait. "

The owner would be glad to treat the guest with something. “I would put a samovar for you,” says the forester, “but I don’t have any tea ...” Looking around again, the guest experienced an even more depressing feeling. "The bitter smell of cooled smoke unpleasantly hampered my breathing," - tells us the master who got into the forester's hut. The girl continued to swing the cradle, drooping her sad face. Biryuk did not have a hostess: leaving him with a small child, she "ran away with a passer-by."

In the story "Biryuk" the writer touches upon the economic basis of class relations between landowners and peasants. However, he sees the main evil in the slavish, powerless position of the serf peasant, in his personal dependence on the landowner. Serfdom, violence and bullying gave rise to indignation and protest among the people, which the realist writer Turgenev could not pass by.

Hunger and poverty push the peasants to theft and various tricks. This was also done by the peasant whom Biryuk had caught in the felling of a tree. He had "a drunken, wrinkled face, overhanging yellow eyebrows, restless eyes, thin limbs ...". Wet, in rags, with a disheveled beard, "out of hunger" he went out into the forest on that rainy night. Extreme despondency sounds in the voice of a peasant when he asks to let him go: “By God, from hunger ... the kids are squeaking, you know ...

Ruined ... Cool, as necessary ... Need, Foma Kuzmich, need as it is ... "Then, realizing the hopelessness of his situation, the poor man, in despair, says:" Everything is one - to disappear; Where will I go without a horse? Hit one end; that with hunger, that so - everything is one. Lost everything: wife, children - kill everything ... "

Of course, Biryuk let the peasant go. How could he not understand him? After all, his own life is not much better.

"Bezhin lug" - story from the cycle "Notes of a Hunter".
The hero of the story, Pyotr Petrovich, while hunting, got lost in the forest and went out to a place that the locals called Bezhin's meadow. Here he noticed a fire with people sitting next to it. Coming closer, he saw the boys guarding the herd of horses. They accepted Pyotr Petrovich as a kind traveler, and not as a horse thief, which the guardians of horses are always afraid of. Apparently, there was something attractive and trusting in his appearance. They, like brothers, invited him to the fire and spend the night. There were five boys. Fedya was one of the cheers, the son of a wealthy peasant. Pavel is a little unsightly, but there was an iron will in him. Kostya had an unusual face, like the face of a squirrel, with a pensive look. Vanya was the quietest, taciturn boy of about seven. And Ilyusha had an inconspicuous face, but he knew a lot of jokes and legends. The boys began to tell each other different beliefs related to evil spirits. Of course, all these stories are fiction, but the guys believe everything, not doubting anything. For them, it is entertainment, children's play. Turgenev imbued his soul with the inner world of peasant children and understood their problems, joys, worries. He managed to create in his story several boyish characters and endowed these characters precisely with children because they are more free in their thoughts than adults. They, too, will face a difficult adult peasant life with worries and hardships, when there is no time to joke around and compose fairy tales.

In this story, I.S.Turgenev also created magnificent landscapes, lovingly describing the radiant sun, air clouds, sultry smells of summer. The writer describes in detail a summer night, all the movements in nature on the eve of the morning. He kind of connects children and nature together, showing boys in their naturalness and simplicity. In these descriptions, we see the skill of the artist.

I.S.Turgenev's story"Mu Mu" introduces us to the time of serfdom, reveals all the cruelty and injustice of the attitude of the masters to the serfs.

Gerasim is the main character of the story, a simple janitor, but the only one of all the characters who evokes in our hearts not only sympathy and empathy, but also sincere respect.
From the first pages of the story, we learn that Gerasim "was a glorious man," hardworking, strong, mighty. Heroic was not only Gerasim's appearance, but also his soul, and this is what distinguished him from those around him. Deaf and dumb from birth, this person was capable of sincere love and friendship, was responsible and serious, sympathetic and kind-hearted.
Gerasim's lonely heart was capable of quivering and tender feelings. The courting of this hard-working giant for the timid washerwoman Tatyana, his simple gifts to her are touching. He firmly endures the understanding of the impossibility of marrying his beloved girl, because the wayward lady gives her in marriage to a bitter drunkard. He finds love, loyalty, devotion so necessary for Gerasim only in the dog he saved from certain death - Mumu.

How glad Gerasim is that a sincere and devoted friend lives next to him!
He gives all his tenderness and affection to the dog, who pays him for a good attitude with joy and love. But one more blow befalls the unfortunate janitor: the lady orders to get rid of the dog. True to his duty, Gerasim himself undertakes to fulfill the insistent command of the lady.

But after the death of Mumu, nothing can keep him in the master's house. Without saying a word to anyone, Gerasim returns to his native places, to the fields, haymaking, unpretentious peasant life. Even in the difficult conditions of his forced life, he managed to maintain pride and his own dignity, serving the capricious and quarrelsome mistress, but not serving her.
Gerasim protests against the loneliness that the lady imposed on him, taking away his beloved Tatyana and the dog Mumu. After all the hardships, he realized that he had to fight for his happiness, for his freedom.

Description of the presentation for individual slides:

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Slide Description:

ELECTRONIC ALBUM "VORABLE AND PAINTING PORTRAITS OF RUSSIAN PEASANTS (from the cycle" Notes of a Hunter ")" PROJECT OF STUDENTS 6A CLASS MOU "Secondary School No. 9" of Saransk Republic of Mordovia Teacher Sazonova L.P. "Notes of a Hunter" A whole series of stories about hunting, about nature, about his observations Turgenev called "Notes of a Hunter". There are 25 stories in the cycle. IS Turgenev is a recognized master of landscape, but the portraits of the heroes of the stories from "Notes of a Hunter" amaze with the accuracy of their characteristics, attention to detail. The heroes appear before the reader as if they were alive.

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Khor and Kalinich “Once, while hunting in the Kaluga region, I met the local master Polutykin. He loved hunting just like I did ... Khor lived in a separate house with six sons and was distinguished by prosperity. In the morning we went hunting, taking with us the cheerful peasant Kalinich, without whom Polutykin could not imagine hunting. I stopped by to live with Khoru. Stayed there for three days, learned that Khor and Kalinich are good friends. I became very attached to them, but I had to leave.

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Chorus Bald, short, broad-shouldered and stout old man. Reminds Socrates: the forehead is high, knobby, small eyes and a snub nose. Curly beard, long mustache. Movements and manner of speaking with dignity, slowly. He says little, but “understands about himself”.

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Kalinich A man of about forty, tall, thin, with a small head bent back, good-natured, with a swarthy face, in some places marked by mountain ash. The face is gentle and clear. He speaks a little into his nose, smiling, squinting his light blue eyes and often takes up a thin, wedge-shaped beard. He walks slowly, but with long strides, leaning slightly on a long and thin stick. Explains with ardor.

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Slide Description:

Ermolai and the Melnichikha I went hunting with the serf neighbor Ermolai. He was carefree enough, Yermolai had few responsibilities. This hunter was married, but practically did not appear in his dilapidated hut. We hunted all day, in the evening we decided to stop for the night at the mill. At night, I woke up from a quiet conversation. Arina, who was a miller's wife, talked to Yermolai. She told her story that she served with Count Zverkov. His wife, having learned about Arina's pregnancy from the footman Petrushka, exiled the girl to the village. The footman himself was sent to the soldiers. In the village, Arina married a miller, and her child died.

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Slide Description:

YERMOLAY Yermolai, 45 years old, tall, Thin, with a long nose, narrow forehead, gray eyes and wide, mocking lips. He served with the storyteller's neighbor, who was a landowner. The landowner rejected him as a person unfit for some kind of work

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Raspberry water. He was a freedman and served as a butler for a tradesman. I decided to talk to them. Savelyev talked about his former owner - the count. Suddenly we saw a peasant walking. He was returning from Moscow, where he asked his master to reduce the rent, which his now deceased son paid for him. The master drove him out. The traveler lamented that there was nothing more to take from him. After a while, we set off each in his own direction. I went hunting again one August day. From the heat I felt thirsty, and I got to the source with the name "Raspberry Water". Not far from the key I decided to lie down in the shade. Two old men were fishing nearby. One of them was Stepushka. Nothing was known about his past. Stepushka hardly spoke to anyone. Another fisherman was Mikhailo Savelyev.

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Stepushka Stepushka fussed about silently and bustlingly, like an ant, and all just for the sake of food. He had a small face, yellow eyes, eyebrow hair, a pointed nose, large and transparent, like a bat's, ears and a sparse beard. Stepushka fussed about silently and busily, like an ant, and all just for the sake of food. He had a small face, yellow eyes, eyebrow hair, a pointed nose, large and transparent, like a bat's, ears and a sparse beard.

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Death The story of IS Turgenev "Death" tells how amazingly Russian people die.

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Abner Sorokoumov Abner Sorokoumov is a wonderful, noble person. A greenish face, thin fair hair, a meek smile, an enthusiastic look, a weak and gentle voice. He was a teacher in the house of the Great Russian landowner Gura Krupyanikov, taught his children Thomas and Zezya, although he was a student who did not graduate. He was a good friend and therefore everyone loved him. He liked to smoke a pipe in the evening or read. Loneliness, illness, unbearable slavery of the teaching rank ruined him

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My neighbor Radilov Yermolai and I went hunting in the linden garden. As it turned out, its owner was the local landowner Radilov. When we met, he invited me to dine with him. The landowner lived with his mother and sister, his deceased wife. A week after lunch, the news reached me that Radilov had left with his sister-in-law, leaving his elderly mother.

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Olga Olga (sister of Radilov's wife) - had a resolute and calm expression on her face, a wide white forehead, thick hair, brown, intelligent, clear, lively eyes. She spoke little (like all uyezd girls), there was an expression of emptiness and powerlessness on her face, a calm and indifferent look.

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Radilov Radilov (landowner and steppe dweller) served in an infantry regiment, talked about everything (about farming, gossip, mowing, war, ...), had no affection, did not pretend to be a gloomy man, was not handsome, but knew how to win over with a conversation and secret attraction in gestures.

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Fyodor Mikheich Fyodor Mikheich (a ruined landowner) - he looked about 70 years old, thin, bony with a small bald head and a wiry neck. He loved to drink alcohol, played the violin.

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The old woman The old woman (Radilov's mother) is a thin, old woman. Silent. She was holding on her knees a thick bag-shaped radicle.

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Ovsyannikov Ovsyanikov (mysterious odnodvorets) is a tall old man, broad-shouldered and stout.

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Kasyan with the beautiful Swords Barin was riding with a coachman on a cart, and a funeral procession was driving in front of them (this is like a bad omen, the author says), suddenly the cart’s axle breaks and we have to look for someone who will fix it. In the nearest neighborhood they met Kasyan - an old dwarf man. Kasyan agreed to bring them to the cuts on his cart. While the cart was being repaired, the master decided to hunt, but did not catch anything. Saying goodbye to the author, Kasyan asks for forgiveness that he frightened away the game, so he did not catch anything. The master did not argue and simply left.

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Kasyan As the author describes Kasyan, “about fifty years old with a small, swarthy and wrinkled face, a pointed nose, barely visible brown eyes and curly black hair”. The dwarf was extremely puny and thin. Kasyan walks unusually nimbly and jumps on the move, not without reason his fellow villagers call him a flea. On the way, the dwarf whistles with the birds, bends down, picks off the grass, puts it by the collar and looks at the author

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TWO LANDMANTS I would like to introduce you to two landowners whom I had the opportunity to hunt. The first, retired major Vyacheslav Khvalynsky. Kind but bad host. Lives alone and tries not to remember the past. The other - Mardariy Stegunov, on the contrary, is distinguished by a cheerful disposition, although he also lives a bachelor life. Having visited them, I realized how different people are.

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VYACHESLAV ILLARIONOVICH KHVALYNSKY. The man is tall and once slender, but now he is somewhat flabby, but at all not decrepit, not even outdated, in adulthood. True, his once regular and now pleasant features of his face have changed slightly, his cheeks are hanging, frequent wrinkles are located in a ray-like manner near his eyes, other teeth are no longer there, light brown hair, at least all those that remained intact.

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Mardarii Apollonich Stegunov Stegunov was nothing like Khvalynsky; he hardly served anywhere and was never considered a handsome man. Mardariy Apollonich is an old man, short, plump, bald, with a double chin, soft hands and a decent abdomen.

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Tatyana Borisovna and her nephew After the death of her husband, Tatyana Borisovna moved to live in a small estate. She did not have the opportunity to receive a decent upbringing, since she was born in a poor family. But this did not prevent her from contracting the usual ailments that the small local lady suffers. Tatyana Borisovna is a sane person who freely behaves in society. Her house is always glad to guests, especially young people, she communicates little with neighbors. Everyone who comes to her house feels warmth and comfort. There is no one who could better comfort in grief than Tatyana Borisovna. Somewhere about 8 years ago, her nephew Andryusha, a 12-year-old boy who became an orphan, lived in the house of Tatyana Borisovna.

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Tatyana Borisovna A woman of about 50, with large, gray eyes, protruding, a somewhat blunt nose, ruddy cheeks and a double chin. Her face breathes with greetings and affection.

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Andrei as a child Andryusha had large, light, moist eyes, a small mouth, a regular nose and a beautiful raised forehead.

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Andrei after his arrival from St. Petersburg Upon arrival to his aunt, Andrei changed a lot. He became short-shouldered, fat, his face became wide and red, curly and greasy hair.

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Tchertop-hanov and Nedopyuskin Learning that I belonged to the nobility, a new acquaintance introduced himself as Panteley Tchertop-hanov and allowed me to continue hunting. The rider took off the horn, blew it, and flew away. I had not yet recovered from an unexpected meeting when a new rider appeared from the thickets. Having learned where Tchertop - hanov had gone, the stranger trotted out on his horse after him. I learned from Yermolai that the second rider was Tikhon Ivanovich Nedopyuskin, who lived with Tchertopkhanov and was his friend.

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Pantelei Eremeich Tchertopkhanov. He was short, blond, with a red upturned nose, a long red mustache, and pale blue glassy eyes that ran like a drunk. His forehead was covered with a pointed Persian hat up to the very eyebrows, a horn hung over his shoulder, and a dagger protruded from his belt.

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Tikhon Ivanovich Nedopyuskin A fat man of about 40 on a little black horse. His plump, round face expressed shyness, good-naturedness and meek humility, round, speckled with blue veins, his nose exposed a voluptuary, his narrow eyes blinking affectionately. Not a single hair remained on his head in front, and thin blond plaits protruded from behind.

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Masha Tchertopkhanova A beautiful woman of about 20, tall and slender, with a swarthy gypsy face, brown eyes, a black braid and a face that expressed wayward passion and carefree prowess. Big white teeth sparkled from under full and red lips.

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Singers The village of Kotlovka is located on the slope of a bare hill, which is cut by a deep ravine, which is located in the very middle of the street. At the beginning of the ravine there is a hut, this is the "Pritynny" tavern. There are more visitors here than in other establishments, and the reason for this is the kissing man Nikolai Ivanovich. He has been living in Kotlovka for over 20 years. He is not very kind, not very talkative, he has a gift for attracting guests. From the conversation of Awesome and Morgach, I realized that a singers' competition would take place in the tavern. The best of the singers was Yashka Turok. There were already a lot of people in the tavern, and Yashka was also there .. Next to him stood a man, his name was Wild Barin, and opposite him sat Yashka's rival, it was a rowdy from Zhizdra. The Wild Master was in charge of the action. Also in the tavern was Evgraf Ivanov, aka Awesome, who was a bachelor on a spree. He did not know how to dance or sing, but not a single booze could do without him. He was very fond of singing.