What an electric cable for a wooden house. We make wiring in a wooden house for all the rules. Power supply project at home

Wood is considered an environmentally friendly material for the construction of residential buildings, so it is not surprising that the demand for beautiful and comfortable houses from a bar or a rounded log is not reduced. First of all, the residential building should be safe from the point of view of the electrical installation.

It is important to understand how to carry out an electrician in a wooden house, so as not to harm the health of residents and ensure the safety of the property. In the article, we displayed in detail all aspects of this issue.

The following materials present general requirements for the device for wiring, the method of mainstreaming the mains in the house, the rules for arranging the electrical panel and the ways of installing cables. All electrical work should be carried out in strict accordance with the fire standards that we pointed out in the article.

The main difference between wooden houses from reinforced concrete and brick structures - in a high degree of fire hazard. This means that elevated requirements are applied to the choice of electrical disks, cables and the conditions of their installation.

According to statistics, about 1/2 cases of fires or fires in wooden houses or in houses with wooden finishes occurs due to gross errors of electrical installations.

It is worth incorrectly installing a power outlet, it is not enough to thoroughly connect the wires in the dispenser box, ignore the grounding rules, as the fire may occur, and after it is a fire.

The undemanding owners of a wooden house entrust the work on the electromontation of neighbors, familiar or perform on their own, not knowing the thorough standards of Pue. The sad result of gullibility and non-professionalism - in the photo

Know the basic rules of electrical installation is necessary for two reasons: in order to be able to independently perform part of assembly or repair work and to control the actions of unscrupulous "specialists".

The following requirements should be remember:

The technical characteristics of cables and electrical equipment should maximally correspond to the power consumption of the instruments of each individual group.
Operation of sockets, switches, emergency shutdown devices must be made taking into account the load assigned to them.
Use cables, wires, terminal connections during their regular heating is prohibited.
It is necessary to completely exclude the transition of fire from the cable on the structures of wood or other flammable materials using non-governmental protection.

The wiring must be completely safe for the owners of the house, their families (especially small children) and domestic animals.

Strict requirements are nominated to the fore, while sometimes you have to sacrifice aesthetics. For example, the owners of a wooden cottage need to come to compete with outdoor sockets and enhanced protection of both hidden and open wiring (NPB 246-97)

Material from video reviews and instructions posted on the Internet is very contradictory, so it is not necessary to fully rely on the opinions of people in working overalls. Focus follows on excerpts from regulatory documentation - sections of Pue, SNIPs, guests.

Entry electrolyne

In Russia and some other countries (in contrast, for example, from Europe, where the wires are hidden in the soil), electricity gets to consumers through the overhead power lines - to the final support.

on self-supporting insulated wire (SIP);
underground;
on the cable (it is urgent rarely).

The first option is the most popular.

Together with the machine, the electricity metering devices are monitored. Special shields (SHUE) are designed for this. According to the rules, PHEU can be mounted, and inside the building, then the wiring scheme will change a bit.

From the central highway of the power supply to the support in a private area or straight to the house, the CIP (with a cross section of at least 16 mm), which is fixed with anchors or clamps. Height from land to stretched wire 2.75 m and more

To isolate the wire going along the wooden surface, the non-governmental boxes are used or. The transition through walls and floors is carried out in protective sleeves from metal, plastic analogs are not allowed.

Inside the house Sip do not roll. According to the standards, inside and over combustible structures, it is possible to put an extremely copper wires, therefore, aluminum analogs will also have to be excluded.

Rules for open electrical wiring

Methods of open wire laying should not contradict PUE requirements.

Therefore, for fastening cables to the wooden surface of the walls, partitions or ceiling, the following products can be applied:

ceramic or porcelain insulators;
floor plinths with built-in cable channel;
corrugated and hard PVC pipes;
pVC box;
metal boxes and pipes.

Specific product names indicate in the project documentation, and in relation to wooden structures, they must be accompanied by a fire safety certificate and be marked with NG, as not supporting combustion.

Installation of cable channels and other mounting elements must be thought out in advance, since the protruding parts may interfere with the placement of furniture or solving other interior issues

Wiring Wiring Methods

The main difference in hidden wiring is a restriction on the use of laying methods. According to PUE standards, it is strictly prohibited with a hidden wiring to use metal sleeves, plastic boxes and PVC corrugations. All products must necessarily have localization ability.

There are several reasons for this:

PVC products do not protect the wires from rodents;
even the slightest damage to the insulation during the installation work in the future, with an increase in the load, can trigger the brand of plastic and ignition;
metal worker is a spiral product that does not have localization characteristics, which means that even wood dust can easily penetrate inside the protection.

Fire and electrical safety rules say that only two types of products can be used for hidden wiring - a metal pipe and a box of a similar material specifically designed for these purposes.

From the inside, metal elements should be galvanized or painted so that in the process of operation they are not covered with corrosion.

For a durable compound, there is not enough commercial or similar method, therefore, soldering, electric welding, coupling and threaded connections are used.

The variant of hidden wiring in metal pipes - in the future the ceiling will be closed with a suspended structure. This solution is acceptable to laying the cable in wooden floors, inside the walls and partitions.

The use of metalworks, corrugations and PVHNG boxes are also permissible, but provided with a lining equipment from a material that cannot be combustible: concrete, alabastra, plaster.

The main stages of closed wiring stages:

Marking of the track. It is necessary to calculate the line of lines so that the number of turns and intersections is minimal.
Preparation of walls and overlaps. It includes hollowing the stroke, drill holes.
Laying of metal pipes. The size of the product is selected so that the cable has occupied no more than half of the internal space.
Installation of metal boxes for switches and sockets. Copper pipes are attached to beam boxes, steel - with nuts.
Installation of dispensers. Ideally, they must connect with the pipes with a welded method or soldering to provide 100% ground.
Electrogenation. All metal installation elements must be attached to the REC bus (all of the line without exception must be with a grounding conductor).
Cable broach. To place the wires inside metal pipes, use special long cables.
Installing outlets and switches. When cutting the cable, you need to make a small supply of wires in case of repair or replacement of equipment.

After the electrical installation of hidden wiring is completed, it is necessary to contact the electrolaboratory representatives. Many forget that the technical report on the state of posting and quality of installation is a mandatory document.

How to do hidden wiring in a wooden house- Right, reliably, according to all rules and norms?

The answer to this question will have to search for a long time in different regulatory documents, rules and instructions - PUE, fire safety rules, etc.

I, too, at one time became very interested in this issue, I had to shove a lot of literature, call on the Internet on sites and forums and it turned out that the question is not quite unequivocal ...

Some requirements of the rules are simply behind the life and are outdated with the advent of new materials and technologies, and the tract of other rules can be interpreted in two ways.

But all the same basic requirements are and they are pretty tough for wooden houses with hidden electrical wiring.

That's what I found out.

I will not pull the rubber for a long time- if you suddenly decided to make hidden wiring in a wooden house for all rules - get ready to pull the second water pipes ...

Yes, do not be surprised, it is the requirements in Pue for hidden wiring in a wooden house,even if it is a wiring in the house of glued bar ...

All wiring wiring throughout the house, including transitions through the walls and overlaps must be made:

in metal pipes;

in the layer of plaster in pipes or corrugation (not under the plaster, but in it!)

If you do in metal pipes, the distributioncases and the submersionals are also the grandee to be metallic.

In the layer of plaster, it is necessary to lay in pipes or corrugations because, according to the requirements of Pueue, the wiring in a wooden house must be connected and the possibility of its replacement is fully or partially.

How do you like this perspective? Not very impressive? I honestly too ...

By the way, if the wiring is laid between the wooden wall and plasterboard in the air gap, it is also a hidden wiring!

And why it is impossible to just make the shoes or the grooves in the tree and use the cable in non-combustible isolation? Or simply paving the stucco?

Or in plastic corrugation, cable-channel to do?

No, it is impossible ...

Such tough safety measures When installing hidden wiring in a wooden house, it is used to exclude a fire with a short circuit and other electrical wiring faults.

Here is the main essence of this.

When CZ in the wire arises electric arc which has a very high temperature (flame burner in a gas stove a thousand times weaker!).

So: the purpose of metal pipes and layer of plaster- localize (kill) this arc, do not give her to spread out and cause a fire.

For this, the metal pipe must be a certain thickness with a different cross section of the wire that the electric pipe could not burn the wall and break out.

For wire with a cross section of up to 2.5 square meters, the thickness of the wall of the metal pipe is not normalized!

Naturally, no plastic corrugation or plastic cable channel is not able to withstand the effects of an electric arc arising from a short circuit.

In the layer of plaster takes place, the appropriateness itself is self-tasteless due to the disappearance of the air, and it can not burn the layer of plaster stucco. Therefore, no consequences of the KZ causes.

Also, such a method of laying protects the wiring and from other troubles, for example, which and on the full stomach with pleasure we will be put up with insulation of wires ...

All this is necessary as the wiring is hidden and not available for inspection and maintenance - we will not hand out the plaster to make sure that the wire isolation is not broken.

Electric arc - 330 frames per second:

By the way, the metalworking is not suitable for these purposes and it also cannot be hidden electrical wiring. It does not have a localization ability for self-effect of an electric arc.

We want this or not, but the requirements of the rules must be fulfilled, especially if a new home is built, which will be taken in the future by Energonadzor.

Although the execution of these rules brings to the deplorable curiosities ...

At one of the forums, I read what was the hidden wiring in metal pipes in a new house built from glued bar.

They did everything according to the rules, the timber drilled, packed the pipes, joined them, bent, etc.

As a result, the log house after the shrinkage is simply hung on ethyat pipes ...

The slots between the rows of timber in several centimeters were formed. It had to cut pipes and made the wiring in the open way.

By the way in Canada make wiring without any protection- just a cable in double isolation! What is in shield houses, which is in bar or logs. Why?

And because first of them have an urozo applied at 5maSecondly, they lived grounding in the cable goes immediately without Insulation.

That is, if for example, a three-core cable, then between two veins in the insulation made nude Copper home grounding. We have not met such cables.

This allows you to very early to catch the leakage current with the UPO, which occurs when the isolation of the phase or zero wire is worsening.

My personal opinion is the installation in metal pipes it is already at the same time ... I honestly did not see a lively similar to Niraza. It is really very expensive and laborious.

Basically, I meet the installation of a tree just in plastic corrugation, very rarely - in metalworking, and under the plaster and simply just a cable in double insulation.

Of course it does not comply with the rules, but such is reality! And not from a good life do that, not everyone will pull the material electrical installation in metal pipes.

If you have to hand over the object of energy pressure or firefighters or you want to make electrical wiring as safe as possible, according to the principle of "done once and forgotten" - then it is better to make the wires in the plastic corrugation in the plaster layer and install the RCD or DIFAVTOMATA.

Let's consider the reasons why a short circuit in the cable may occur and as a result, a further fire with incorrectly made electrical installation:

but) custom cable. That is, the insulation of current-carrying lives is initially damaged or does not meet the requirements at the factory.

How to avoid: buy a high-quality cable, to check insulation resistance.

b) mice and other creeping creatures )))

Avoiding: Installation in plaster or in a metal framework, box, etc.

in) physical damage to the insulation of electrical wiring. For example, when repaired, accidentally screw the screws, score a nail, etc.

How to avoid: But in no way ... If desired and the pipe metal can be accepted with a grinder.

d) insulation disorder due to overload wiring.

How to avoid: Proper installation and selection of circuit breakers or fuses.

If you decide to make hidden wiring in a wooden house in the layer of plaster in the corrugation, help calculate the material will help the program "Electric". How to do it - I told and showed in the article

And what is your opinion on this issue? How are you doing Wiring in a wooden house?

I am pleased to answer your comments!

And finally, the video of the electric arc. arising when the circuit breaker is disconnected:

Find out the first about the new materials of the site!

But a resinous array of dried wood - dangerous object for random spark: Can turn around the tragedy in technological errors or negligence when installing.

Therefore, for the device of electricians in a wooden house, a hidden way can be taken only, having basic technical training and, thoroughly studying fairly rigid valid regulatory documents:

GOST R 50572.1-93;
SNIP 3/01 / 01-85;
SNIP III-4-80;
SNiP 2.08.01 (6.17).
"Rules of electrical installations" (PUE).

Is it better to trust this responsible stage of construction professional?

What is so attractive hidden wiring in a wooden house

Surely aesthetics of walls and overlaps:

there are no layout elements that violate the design of the room;
outlets and switches, swallowed in the wall, do not deliver inconvenience when placeing furniture;
the surface of the wall is easier to use for finishing with wallpaper;
correctly completed wiring increases the degree of fire safety of the structure;
easy to replace the cable in the pipe;
less risk in mechanical damage to wiring;
the protruding electrician does not collect dust and does not become support for the web.

What makes a broken wiring with an object of increased danger

Inaccessibility for the constant audit of the state of isolation and the replacement of sections undergoing aging and destruction (micro-damage can cause short circuit);
complications in the work on the complement of the electric hammers with new points after the expiration of time;
technical complexity of installation, effective only during the construction of the house;
the need to create false structures capable of hide insulating pipes;
high cost of work, materials;
costs for a special tool.

What are the features of the installation of hidden wiring in a wooden house?

You must be prepared for the fact that, according to the layout, you will pull not only the wires and cable, but also the meters of steel or copper pipes - a prerequisite for isolation. In a wooden house, even a centimeter of the wire should not touch the wood. Patching a cable or wires through tuba - a cotton-creating occupation that requires patience.
To introduce insulating pipes into the body of the wall, it will have to stick, drill, cut down a place of wiring. This work is dusty, dirty, time-consuming.
The vertical channels are drilled during the laying of the crown's crowns, horizontal (special drill) - after the end of the construction of the walls.
The conductor is laid into the hole - the wire, with which the cable will stretch.
All places of installation of elements of wiring and transitions from one room to another should be well breathed with metal boxes, sleeves, "glasses", lining, wrapping asbestos or isolation by alabaste plaster.
It acquires a significant value of the number of trunk channels: for large quantities it will be necessary, as isolation, a corrugated pipe of a rather large diameter, which is difficult to hide in a log wall.
The significance of the protective shutdown device (UZO) increases, such devices with hidden wiring can be set to several: to disconnect the outdoor circuit, internal and contour with the highest power load.

Rules for performing internal wiring in a wooden house

Electricalization is performed only on the basis of a scheme consistent with specialists, with a minimum rotation and bends.
The electromatherapist is laid exclusively in non-combustible materials.
During the installation, the priority value is allocated by the tasks of fire safety, not so important - aesthetic wishes.
It is advisable to lay the channels in the design deepeners of door and window openings, under plinths, overhead cladding of the ceiling.
Gofrots used as the insulation of the channels during the installation from all sides is protected by asbestos gaskets. For the same purposes, taking into account the calculated power of the wiring, alabaster or cement plaster, concreting, applies.
Insulating pipes with galvanized and box are connected by carving, welding. Sharp edges are protected by plastic plugs. Copper protective elements in the combination are fragmented.
The thickness of the pipe walls is selected taking into account the sections of the wire wire (example: 2,8 mm - for aluminum veins of 10mm2, or copper 4mm2).
The cable (together with the insulating layer) inside the insulating tube should occupy up to 40% of the internal volume.
The measurement resistance measurement is performed twice: until the pipe is broken and after.
Distribution boxes must remain freely available.
For hidden wiring, wires and cables with triple insulating coating and "NG" labeling are used.

Wiring in the overlap of a wooden house

The advantages of wooden floors can be attributed:

high bearing capacity;
vibration resistance;
preservation of design geometry;
reducing the total weight of the structure;
erection rate;
versatility of use;
fitness for the screed overlap.

Disadvantage There will be one, and it will be discovered during a fire:

wooden floors quickly pick up open fire;
have a tendency to collapse.

How to be?

Protection of cable pipes.

Therefore, there are no mail for electric separation overlaps: only the placement of cables in the pipes. By the way, electric separation overlap is the most convenient way of the device of hidden wiring. Pipes for pipes and rosettes, in this case, descend from the main cables.

Metal tray for complex wrapping.

True, if the change in the direction of the wires is very frequent and under different in size, it is rational instead of pipes to use deaf copper trays with covers. They can be laid several wires at once and in any direction. They are finely insulate the wiring from the wood of overlaps, they are attached to each other through a clap. Such trays, in order to reduce the cost of work, are manufactured from galvanized steel.

The process of laying trays is complicated by the need to take into account and bypass the structural elements of the house or cut them with the subsequent gain. Do not do in this case without the skills of hard work.

It will take mandatory grounding of each tray separately. At the turn of the trays can form an angle dangerous for the integrity of the cable, so in this place it is covered with corrugatedry.

The tray insulation with a hidden wiring can also be used on the inside of the overlap, subsequently closing the entire design of the false ceiling by plasterboard or antipyrene-processed board.

The risk is not always - a noble thing.

The most primitive way of installation - electric separation on overlaps in layers of alabaster or cement plaster, when one layer is molded down, and after overlaying the wires, 2-3 cm of the new layer are attached. This method is very risky for fire safety (due to the probability of cracking) and is rarely applied.

The view of the cable for the wooden house will be different from the one that is used in urban development.
The most suitable Cable NYM, it has a triple insulation and a non-combustible material shell (polyvinyl chloride).
The greatest reliability in the protection of the electrical network from emergency failures, the diffant matters connecting 2 protective devices, the circuit breaker and the Uzo (protective disconnection device).
It is worth remembering: the grounding of each junction box and each pipe will not be superfluous.
The pipe connection must be reliable: Use welding or soldering.
When choosing pipes, give preference to copper pipes: they are better bent and easily take the form of a prepared horror.
To protect the cable from damage when stretching, it is necessary to use the face sleeves from plastic.
Should be taken into account the shrinkage at home to prevent the pinching of the highway.
When the walls are trimmed with clapboard or wooden wallpaper, you can do without drilling walls, passing the lifting pipes of the wiring along the wigled grooves.
You can combine the hidden wiring with the open: in the places of the wire liner to sockets or switches.

The house of the rounded log is one of the most safer from the point of view of ecology, and allows you to create a unique microclimate in the premises, which prevents the development of various kinds of pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms. But, as you know, the tree is a flammable material, in which additional precautions must be used. Especially this statement is true if it is necessary to install wiring in a house built from a rounded log. How to do it?

Basic rules for mounting hidden wiring in a wooden house

Most secure and appropriate The way to create in the house of the electrical network is the installation of hidden wiring. This option implies the preservation of external aesthetics and interior design at home. All wiring is placed in metal pipes. This allows you to compactly put the cable directly in the walls and floor of the house and, at the same time, it helps to reduce the risk of foci of fire. The main thing is that the owner of the house must remember, this is that the electricity must be treated very seriously, and the connection network circuit must be developed to the smallest detail. So, the first rule is the installation of hidden wiring in houses from the rounded log is carried out exclusively in metal pipes.

In order for the house to look more aesthetically, the wiring should be laid exclusively in the overlap of the house until the ceilings, walls and floors in the house are equipped. The house of the rounded log is extremely difficult to rebuild (almost impossible), therefore all technological processes that are related to the installation of wiring should be completed before the construction of the building will enter the final stage. In order to make taps from a common network to individual switches or outlets, vertical openings (so-called technological holes) are made in the walls of the house. Of the foregoing, the second important rule of creating a line of electrical wiring in a house of a rounded log is sampled: the installation of metal pipes with an electrical cable must be carried out to the walls of the walls and the ceiling. Technological holes in the walls (their location) must be thought out in advance.

Development plan location

It is necessary to remember that to make any adjustments to the location of the hidden wiring in the house of the rounded log will be very difficult. Accordingly, it is necessary to think in advance the location scheme of electrical appliances, technicians and all other devices that will use electricity. After the location plan is thought out, you can start creating vertical technological holes in the house. Giving any generally accepted scheme of hidden wiring in the residential premises of a wooden house will incorrectly, because each owner of the house will create a power supply system based on its own preferences and needs. The third rule of installation of hidden wiring in the house: first develop a plan for the location of household appliances, and only then create a power line in the house.

In order to facilitate further technological work, drilling of all those technological channels and holes that will help create wiring in a house from a log code, should be carried out either in the workshop where the assembly of the main blocks of the house, they cut them, or already at the assembly stage of the house there where it will be located. Consequently, the fourth rule says: the entire wiring system must be thought out at the stage of design work, and not when the project has already started incarnate. Alteration of the house, even at the stage of it cutting and laying, will cost very expensive.

Installing outlets and switches

In addition to the above, it is necessary to know the model in advance and the type of sockets and switches, which will be installed in the house of the rounded log. The fact is that the technological holes for future sockets and switches cut forward in advance. It turns out that the owner of the house can provide a fairly large amount of additional work, which is absolutely not needed, when it becomes additionally expanding the holes for sockets and switches of unforeseen in advance. Well, if they are more in their dimensions than pre-done holes. But the option is not excluded that they will and less. Therefore, there is the fifth rule of creating high-quality and safe wiring in a log house - in advance to choose outlets and switches, and already cut the technological holes under them in the walls of the house.

All of the above regulations Mandatory for execution. Their observance allows you to create in the house really comfortable and safe wiring. Moreover, do it with minimal time, strength and cash holder home from a rounded log (however, as the owner of any other wooden house).

Basic errors allowed when creating a hidden wiring system

If based on the rules that exist to create hidden wiring in houses from a rounded log, there are two basic requirements for this technological process:

either metal box or pipes
either in non-combustible plaster, which must necessarily surround the electrical cable from all sides by a layer whose thickness should be at least 10mm

These are the rules that need to be followed strictly. But some masters try to change them, which results in fairly sad consequences. Basic errors that can lead to home fire, or just to the output of wiring is out of order, it is:

attempts to lay hidden wiring directly under the plinth
mounting under the front of doors and windows
put the cable in corrugation

The main problem It can serve what rodents love the electric cable braid. Isolation can be eaten by pests, and a short circuit will be just a matter of time. The tree, among other things, is subject to seasonal changes in its structure. She swells in winter and autumn, pursing in the summer period. These changes in the structure of the rounded log (as well as any other tree) can lead to a voltage in the electrical cable, its rupture. Accordingly, disorders in the work of electrical appliances and short circuit, the results of which can be very deplorable, will become more than just an unpleasant chance.

Wiring location in corrugation

Putting the wiring in the corrugation is also not the most correct option. The fact is that corrugation is not quite safe material from the point of view of compliance with the rules of modern fire safety. Sealing in modern corrugation and metal sleeves is created using a special cotton thread, which perfectly supports burning. Accordingly, the corrugation and metal sleeve are absolutely not suitable in order to serve as insulating material for hidden wiring in any wooden house.

In order to provide really high-quality protection for the power supply networks at home, it is necessary to pay special attention to the automatic systems that will follow the security of wiring in the house. Wiring must be constantly under the control of these systems. Especially in the event that the house is made of easily flammable materials. In addition, in the house there is a basic shield of protection against wiring damage, on each of the floors of the house, if it is not one-storey, it is necessary to place a small shield that duplicates the functions of the main one with respect to the specific floor. The wiring will be protected by reliably with the system dubbing.

In order to make the wiring in his home from the rounded log, it is really necessary to listen to the councils that were voiced in this article. Installation of lines of electrical wiring in the building is not the technical work to which it is not too serious.

Electricity-related work requires attention, compliance with rules and accuracy. And the wiring in a wooden house with their own hands requires even more attention: the material is very fire-haired. Therefore, when planning and installation, pay attention to the requirements and recommendations of regulatory documents. If your experience is not enough, it is very desirable before connecting, and even better before the start of installation, invite a competent electrician. He will be able to tell you on flaws and miscalculations.

Wiring Scheme in the House

According to current standards, when connecting electricity without a transformer, power consumption for a private house should not exceed 15 kW. It is found by folding the power of all electrical appliances that can be included simultaneously. If the number found is less than 15 kW, the introductory automaton put on 50 A. if the power is more, there is still a transformer. Its parameters will be shown in the project, as in this case, without it can not do.

Where to put an introductory shield, body requirements

Recently, representatives of energy organizations require setting counters (and introductory automata, respectively) on the street. This is done in order to have the ability to control consumption even if the owners are not at home. But this requirement is not reinforced, and if you wish, you can install everything inside the house. But more often, not to be accepted with controllers, the requirements are performed, and installed the machine and the meter on the street.

To install on the street, the protection machine (AZ) and the meter should be in a sealed case, protected from dust, dirt and moisture. The protection class for installation should be no lower than IP-55. For ease of testing of readings in the box of boxing for the electric meter, there must be a window. To install inside a wooden house, the requirements are somewhat lower: IP-44, but the case must be metallic.

Organization entry into the house

After the introductory automat, the electrical counter is set, then it is set yet to the RCO - to emergency power off the power supply in the presence of a short circuit, and then the cable is started on the electrical panel inside the house. Inside the house should be one step lower than installed outside. In this case, if there are problems, the first machine will work in the house and you do not have to scramble every time on the wall to the introductory installed there.

In the shield installed single-pole automata, which are connected to the wires that are divergent. They are attached to DIN rail, their quantity is recruited depending on how much the selected "branches" of power supply will be required. To find out how many machines should stand in your shield, consider the number of necessary groups, two to three free vehicles are added "to development". This will be the "branches". According to the resulting quantity, select the electrical protection in size.

We divide consumers into groups

When planning the wiring scheme in a wooden house, all connectivity points are broken into separate groups (they are often called consumption groups). For example, all sockets on the first floor are cooled from one machine, a separate device put on the lighting devices in the house, one more - to lighting the street. If some powerful electrical equipment - boiler, electric boiler, electric stove, etc. will be used. - It is advisable for them to hold separate branches of power supply and establish personal automata. Separate protection devices are installed and for the power supply of economic buildings (if you do not want to pull individual entries to them and install a separate meter, but only provided that the power of all electrical appliances does not exceed 15 kW).

From the point of view of security, it is better to make as many separate branches of the power supply. This will increase the number of automata and increase the cost of the project, but will reduce the number of potentially dangerous connectors. It is in the fields of removal of conductors that most often problems arise: contacts are oxidized, heated, then begin to spoke. Therefore, it is better to make the number of connections as small as possible.

And, in the last stage, it is desirable on the plan at home to draw an electricity wiring scheme by premises. Consumer groups are easier to draw different colors. So you can more fully imagine how the wiring scheme in a wooden house will look like, it will be easier to do it with your own hands. For example, everything might look like the photo below.

Types of wiring in a wooden house

After installing the shield and mounting all the necessary machines, you can start the wiring of electrical cables in the house. In a wooden house there are three ways to pave an electrocabel:

Features of closed wiring in a wooden house

As you understood, the closed wiring can be done at the stage of construction or overhaul. Moreover, when it is laying, there are features: all connections nodes must be mounted in special metal boxes, which should be free access. They cannot be hidden under the trim, because their covers are chosen in tone and / or try to arrange in places that do not attract attention.

If the hidden wiring in a wooden house is not conducted by cable, but insulated wires, the thickness of the walls of metal pipes is regulated:

for a copper wire with a cross section of up to 2.5 mm 2, the wall thickness may be any;
with a section of up to 4 mm 2, the thickness of the metal wall should be at least 2.8 mm;
if the veins have a cross section of 4.5 to 10 mm 2, the pipe must have a wall of at least 3.2 mm;
with a section of from 10.2 to 16 mm 2, the wall should not be thinner than 3.5 mm.

When laying electrical cables of requirements for the thickness of the walls of the metal pipe there is no, because permissible cables (they have double and triple insulation) to lay in a metal corrugation or, as they say, in a metalworking. It is much more convenient and faster.

The cable laying in the corrugated metal hose (metalworking) is much more convenient and requires less time and money

But in any case, since the wires will be hidden, access to them is extremely limited. Make changes to the existing network - troublesome and expensive. Therefore, before proceeding with the installation of a closed wiring in a wooden house, carefully check the diagram and do everything very carefully and scrupulously.

Wiring Rules Cable Channels

When the open wiring device or laying it in cable-channels also has its own rules. They relate to at what distance from the floor, the ceiling, corners and other designs can be placed. All these norms are for greater visibility are displayed in the photo.

Select the cable cross section and its connection

The cable core section is chosen depending on the planned load (in kW) and the vein material. It is not necessary to do the entire wiring cable with the same residential. You can save without damage to security. To do this, each section shall with a cross section depending on the power of the instruments that will be connected here. Their power consumed is summed up, about 20% of the reserve is added and the cross section is selected in the table.

To connect the power supply in a wooden house, more freight safety requirements are added. The main - wire shell must be non-combustible. In such wires, there are letters "NG". To ensure the required degree of protection, double () or triple (NYM) isolation of cables is also required.

To make electrical wiring in a wooden house with their own hands, it is best to use cables with multi-colored cores. Then you definitely do not confuse zero with phase or grounding. Usually colors are distributed in this way:

If you buy a cable of European production, there are different colors:

"Earth" - yellow-green;
"Zero" - white;
"Phase" - red.

Select outlets and switches

To ensure fire safety in a wooden house, sockets and switches having a metal mounting plate are installed. First, it is mounted on the wall, then the outer panel is installed. The use of plastic plates is allowed, but the plastic must be non-combustible and have a corresponding certificate of fire supervision.

Moreover, for the safe connection of most of the modern hardware, three-wire rosettes with ground wire are required. Required when connecting lighting, but indoors are often not performed. But for lighting on the street, the presence of a ground is necessary: \u200b\u200bhere the operating conditions are much more complicated.

Wiring in a wooden house with your own hands: Mounting rules

In a wooden house, it is necessary to constantly remember that the material of the fuel and in this case it is better to be more nevertheless. Wiring in a wooden house with their own hands is made in compliance with the basic rules:

First the whole scheme is assembled, the performance of each branch is checked (). Each of the power supply lines check for the absence of a short circuit, "on the ground". Only then the wires are connected to the machine. We recommend to immediately sign that connected. Then it's easier to search for malfunctions. By connecting one line, turn on the power supply, connect the load. If there is no workflow, it is excellent - you can continue. Turn off the automata (which goes to the proven already line and input), you work with the next line. After all lines are checked and connected (signed), the introductory automatic is performed. Then, gradually, one by one, lines are turned on.
Installation of electrical wiring in a wooden house is carried out only with whole pieces of cable without compounds and twists.
Wiring gasket passes gradually. Setting a piece of cable, be sure to check the integrity of the insulation of the laid piece of cable. For this, the veins and isolation "nickname" relative to the Earth and lived.
When the cable is cut, the reserve is left - at least 15-20 cm. If with an incorrect connection it will be possible to rebuild without dragging cables.
Be sure to follow the colors of the wires.

In compliance with these rules, the wiring in a wooden house, made independently, will be safe and reliable.