How to make a heater with your own hands: available options for self-assembly devices. How to make an electric heater from scrap materials with your own hands The most economical heater to do it yourself

For recreation in the country in winter, you need reliable source heat (heater). It can be purchased from specialized stores. But there are summer residents who can easily design homemade heaters for the house, summer cottage and garage.

Not all summer residents and homeowners come to such a decision, but only those who have special skills and abilities. There are real self-taught engineers among them. They are able to calculate everything to the smallest detail, carefully handle every detail, having mounted an original safe heater.

Material costs for homemade appliance for heating the premises are minimal, since it can be found on the farm. Even if you buy material for money, it will cost much less than a device from a store, and the effect of the work is the same. Why then spend money on purchasing finished equipment when you can mount it yourself. How to make a home heater with your own hands?

Homemade gas heater for garage, house, summer cottage

When creating a heater with your own hands, you need to adhere to several recommendations:

The device must have simple design without complex elements and details.
It is necessary to focus on safety, because devices that block and supply gas are best purchased from the factory, or removed from old cylinders.
When creating, you should also take into account its economy.
The heater should not be cumbersome, and the ways to activate it should not be complicated.
The cost of materials for the heater should be no more than a third of the real price of the factory heater from the store counter, otherwise there is no point in making it, it is easier to buy a ready-made one.

As practice shows, the most effective way heating at home is infrared radiation.

To make such a gas home-made heater for a garage, house, summer cottage with your own hands, you need a minimum of parts and material costs (sheet of tin, metal scissors, riveting machine, rivets, metal fine mesh, a regular household sieve, tsarovy gas canister with a capacity of 0.5 l. and a special burner with a valve).

The first thing to do is fasten the heater to the burner. You need to take a household sieve, lean against a galvanized sheet and circle with a marker. Then, perpendicular and parallel, it is necessary to draw rectangular ears to the circle (one of them should be twice as long). With scissors for metal, you need to cut out the pattern. It should be as flat as possible.

The second stage of the heater installation includes the fastening of parts to each other. To do this, we take the burner and bolt it to the tin circle. Then, with the help of the ears, which turn in the opposite direction, the strainer is attached. It helps dissipate heat around the sides. It turned out to be part of the design of the heater.

The third step in mounting a homemade heater will be to attach the metal mesh. To do this, you need to cut out an identical circle from the tin again. It is also cut with metal scissors. The ears are bent, and holes are drilled in the plane of the circle (about 10). Then the mesh is taken and attached to the ears of both circles. First you need to fix lower part, then the top. Fasteners are carried out using a riveter and rivets. As a result of these operations, a mesh cylinder should be obtained.

The final stage is the launch of an infrared homemade gas heater. Although it is not large, it radiates enough heat to heat a garage, a room in a house or a small country house.

DIY oil heater

Due to their impeccable functionality, characteristics and efficiency, they have won great popularity among summer residents. They are safe and compact, possess high level Efficiency.

The device of a homemade oil heater is very simple: a sealed case with oil (any gas cylinder or other sealed container can do), around which electric tubular heaters are wrapped.

To do oil heater are needed the following materials and the tool:

Hermetic container (radiator from the car, metal or aluminum battery).
Transformer or technical oil.
4 heating elements.
Low power electric motor or pump (up to 2-2.5 kW).
Drill set, drill, welding machine, electrodes, switches.

The process of installing an oil heater at home follows the following scenario:

A do-it-yourself oil radiator will be an excellent and effective heater for home and summer cottages. Its only drawback is dependence on electricity and its high consumption.

DIY electric heater

If you do electric heater do it yourself, the basis of his work should be infrared rays, which heats not the air, but the objects in the room. Thanks to this principle, even a homemade electric heater will be effective. In addition, electricity consumption is minimal.

To make an electric heater, you can use two plates of plastic and graphite shavings. The owner will get an aesthetic, flat device that will harmoniously fit into any interior.

A graphite heater is made in the presence of graphite chips (you can use old, used tram brushes), two sheets of plastic (1 m 2 each), epoxy glue, a piece of wire with a plug at the end.

A homemade electric heater is the most efficient and convenient way to heat a room. Many summer residents are often interested in the question of how to make a garage heater with their own hands? For a garage, you can make a heater according to the same principle, only the plastic plates need to be taken smaller, about twice. This will be enough to heat a small garage.

Video: DIY heater making

Oil heater. Although there are many for sale, you can make a similar model yourself. The scheme of the oil heater and the principle of its operation is to heat liquid technical oil placed in a sealed container, at. To make an oil heater with your own hands, you will need the following materials:

sealed container;
technical oil;
Heating elements;
locksmith tool.

For the body of the future oil heater, you can use a metal battery, a gas cylinder, a car radiator, or you can weld a container yourself.

The container is filled with oil not to the top, but by 85%, since the liquid expands when heated. There must be air at the top of the tank or an expansion tank must be installed. Heat-resistant oil is used.

Heating with a candle. The easiest travel option is to make a candle heater. Tourists use empty cans or beverage cans for this. A candle heater is made from two jars and a candle in a metal tablet. It has the following principle of operation: a burning candle is placed inside a metal container, which heats the jar from the inside. Thanks to the closed space, heat is accumulated and enters the outside through holes punched from the top. Despite the primitiveness and simplicity of the model, this mini-heater is popular with tourists.

A clay pot and candle can be a good heater.

To make a candle heater with your own hands, they begin with processing the jars: in one, the upper part is removed, and at the bottom, many holes are punched with a nail around the perimeter. The bottom of the second is cut off, cutting out several "petals" from the top to attach the bottom to the cut off top of the first jar. A burning candle is placed inside, inserting the bottom into the body.

Using the energy of a burning candle, you can make a decorative heater from clay pots and candles for a bedroom or living room. The candle is placed under several inverted ceramic pots, held together by a thick and long iron bolt... The iron is heated by the flame, and the pots and the air gap between them retain this heat, and then give it to the surrounding space. Such a "heat trap" can work for days, it is important not to leave it unattended. This is a small addition to the main heating of the house and an opportunity to create a romantic atmosphere.

IR devices. Make the simplest infrared heater even a child can do it by placing a reflective film or foil behind the battery. Heat rays in this case, reflected from mirror surface will heat the surrounding objects, not the opposite wall. A feature of infrared radiation is the heating of objects, not air. This type of heating feels like the most comfortable.

Harder to make. The principle of operation of the device: a mesh heat dissipator is above the flame, and a reflector (reflector) under it. As a reflector, you can use a bowl made of of stainless steel, but best material- aluminum, it reflects only heat waves. A large gas bottle or a small can, on which the burner nozzle is put on. Such a tent heater helps out winter fishing enthusiasts.

For heating the tent when winter fishing craftsmen make a gas heater for a cannon - the burner is placed in metal pipe, weld the legs and attach metal hose for the removal of gases.

Heater made of old battery... If old radiators remain in the house after repairs, then you can make an electric heater from cast iron battery do it yourself. Cast iron has a high heat transfer coefficient, therefore, by providing the structure with a heating element, a thermostat and filling it with water or transformer oil, it can be obtained. The decorative appearance of the product will be an added benefit.

New types of heaters. One of the simplest heaters in terms of the manufacturing procedure is a model from a thermal film. The thermal film is glued to the substrate, electrical contacts and a wire are connected to it. This option is convenient to hang on the wall and can be hung with a picture or carpet.

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In 2007, a new device, a vapor-droplet heater, was developed, the principle of operation of which is similar to that of a water heater: the water placed in sealed tubes is heated with the help of a heating element, turns into steam, rises through the tubes, and then cools down and, having condensed, returns to the lower part of the device. The cycle is repeated many times. The specificity of the device is low power consumption and high efficiency. Many craftsmen have adopted a novelty and make such a device on their own.

Homemade heaters for a home, a summer residence or a hike will help out in difficult and extreme conditions, so knowledge of their features and the ability to do it will not be superfluous.

In the cold season, the need for heat sources for local heating increases. Why this is happening is a topic for another conversation, but one way or another, every fall, the demand for heaters that are used to heat homes and industrial premises... Many craftsmen prefer to do them with their own hands, especially since there is nothing complicated in this matter.

Is it possible to make a heater with your own hands

In fact, a homemade heater is not like that and complex construction, and making it at home is not so difficult. This does not require a lot of tools and some scarce materials.

How to make a DIY heater for your home: options

Below we will consider several ways to make a heater with your own hands.

Homemade thermal film

The design of this homemade product will be based on two plates of the usual window glass... These are two rectangles measuring 40 * 60 mm each. That is, the area of each of them lies within 25 square meters. cm.

For the production of work you will need:

two-core copper wire;
tester;
paraffin candle;
a bar of wood;
pliers;
sealant;
epoxy glue;
cotton napkin;
hygiene sticks.

Sequence of operations as follows:

Cleaning of glass plates using a napkin. Dust is removed from the surface, degreased and dried.
A candle is set on fire and the glasses are smoked using grip-type pliers. The main thing at this stage is to get an even layer of carbon deposits. The side covered with soot will act as a conductive part. This operation must be repeated several times to obtain a uniform layer.
After the glasses have cooled down, the edges are cleaned from carbon deposits on each of them. To do this, using a hygienic stick, remove carbon deposits around the entire perimeter.
A 5 mm wide foil is applied to the cleaned layer. The foil plays the role of terminals. The same operation is carried out with the second plate.
A layer of glue is applied to the part that remains covered with carbon deposits, on top of which a previously prepared piece of foil is laid. The strips act as contacts that are needed to connect the conductor.
The parts fit together at the junction, they are lubricated with a sealant.
On wooden block stack assembled structure and included in the 12 V network.

The structure is ready for use.

Heater from underfloor heating residues

Warm floors made of foil have become very popular among homeowners both in the city and beyond. If, after laying the warm floor, waste of this film remains in the house, then they can be used to make a homemade heater. For heating a room with an area of 4 sq. m, one sq. m of film. Such a heater can be installed either in the house or in the garage.

Preparation of materials... To ensure the work on creating a heater, the following set of materials and tools must be prepared:

foil film, it is used as a substrate for a warm floor film;
copper wire with a cross section of 0.75 sq. mm;
thermal regulator;
bituminous tape.

The sequence of operations for the manufacture of a heater from a thermal film as follows:

After you have collected everything you need, you can start cutting a sheet of film.
Preparing the wire for connecting it to the film. To do this, it is necessary to remove the insulation from one end, bend the cleaned end in half and twist it into a tourniquet and then squeeze it with pliers.
A terminal is put on the prepared harness.
Connecting a clamp with a wire to the edge of the thermal film.
Insulation of connected ends using bitumen tape.

Either before starting work, or after assembling the "Warm" sheet, a socket must be installed on the free end of the wire.

ATTENTION!

SUCH "WARM" SHEET WORKS FROM A VOLTAGE OF 220 VOLTS, THEREFORE, WHEN FIXING AND OPERATING, IT IS NECESSARY TO PROVIDE ALL SAFETY MEASURES.

We make a fan heater from what is at hand

In fact, in household you can find a lot of interesting things from which you can make a low-power heater. To do this, you can use cans of mineral water, you can make a thermal panel and much more. There are models made on the basis of a wire heating element, for example, nichrome.

How to make a powerful heater with your own hands

By the way, with your own hands, you can make more "serious" heaters, they can be used not only for heating the garage, but also enough to keep warm in a small workshop.

Making an oil heater yourself

The oil heater has a high efficiency, is quite simple to manufacture and safe to use. Its work is based on the following principle - oil is poured into the sealed case. Inside the body there are heating elements that heat the oil moving inside the container.

To manufacture such a structure, you will need:

Heating element - 1kW at the rate of 1-sq. m.
Hermetically sealed housing, the design of which completely excludes liquid leakage, most often it is a welded structure. The composition, which includes plugged pipes.
Pure and technical oil. Its volume is 85% of the internal volume of the case.
Controls and automatics, their nomenclature is determined by the power parameters of the heater.

The order of work is as follows:

Draw up a sketch of the system, in it should be reflected linear dimensions sections, elementary thermal calculation. Based on this sketch, you can create a bill of materials required to create a structure.
The purchased pipes are cut to size and muffled, subsequently heating elements will be installed in them. It makes sense to invite a specialist to perform welding work.
In the design, it is necessary to provide a neck for filling oil and a valve for draining the oil, it is installed at the lowest point of the structure (register)
After the register is welded, it is advisable to test it for leaks; to carry out this work, it is necessary to involve a pressure pump. As leaks are identified, they must be completely repaired.
In pre-prepared places, install heating elements and then you can perform a health check.

Homemade infrared heater

Alternatively, you can consider such an option as a "warm panel". This requires dry glue, graphite powder, a sheet of plastic, and a power cord. Briefly, the essence of the idea is as follows - graphite powder is mixed with glue. Adhesive is a knitting base and graphite is a high resistance conductor. After the mixture is ready, it can be applied to a sheet of plastic and, observing the measures, perform all required connections... The working temperature of this mixture is 65 degrees.

While the mixture is still in a liquid state, it must be poured into a mold made of wooden beam and after drying, connect the wires and test the operation of the device.

Rules for the operation of homemade heaters

It is advisable that homemade heaters be equipped with automation, which will reduce the likelihood of overheating and fire of the device.

From the author: hello dear friends! Usually, central heating include in late autumn, and taking into account the natural climatic conditions in many regions of the cold set in much earlier. The best solution is the installation of additional heat sources. Today we will talk about how to make an infrared heater with your own hands.

Main elements and principle of operation

To create an infrared heater at home, it is necessary, first of all, to study the principle of its operation.

As you know, electromagnetic waves emanate from heat sources, directly heating all the bodies around them, in this case, in the apartment - pieces of furniture and people. At the same time, the air in the room does not heat up, and all the heat comes only from already heated objects. Infrared heaters also work according to this principle, which include several basic elements:

heat radiation source. In infrared industrial heaters, the sources are thin strands of metal that are heated by passing through them. electric current, or various lamps, for example, halogen or incandescent;
reflector with increased reflectivity, the main function of which is to dissipate heat or create independent heated zones by reflecting infrared rays;
controller is also one of the main parts of industrial infrared heaters. It regulates the heating degree of the radiator. It may not be present in home-made heaters, but its installation is recommended for setting a suitable temperature range and for automatically heating the device when the temperature drops below normal limits, as well as for cooling at elevated temperatures.

Advice: to check the reflex effect, it is recommended to use food foil, which must be held over the hand for a while. Heat should come from the foil, which is reflected and directed rays towards your hand.

The principle of operation of ceiling infrared heaters is the same as for other devices of this type. The only difference is the installation method, on which the determination of the most comfortable heated zones depends.

A source: electricdoma.ru

This diagram shows the main advantage of infrared heat carriers: the heat that heats up physical bodies and is absorbed by them remains inside. Therefore, they are warmer than the ceiling. With convective heat supply, the floors always remain cold, since the material itself is not heated. The heated air rises upward, displacing the cold air downward.

Self-made inexpensive heater

The basis of the emitter is usually lamps or filaments, which receive heating from an electric current. But there is a more productive option - using. Radiation from the battery radiates in all directions.

For the greatest effect, use the foil after smoothing the surface for a higher reflection. Stick it on the walls behind radiators and radiators. Heat, presumably directed to the wall, will be reflected in the opposite direction, heating only the room. This simple trick increases the heat input by 20%.

Advice: It is worth noting that an alternative to foil can be heat-insulating reflective screens made of foam foam, covered with foil on one or two sides.

Using your home devices

If you still have an old Soviet reflector, you can safely use it to make an infrared heater. In addition to it, you will need:

steel rod;
nichrome thread;
a dielectric made from a refractory material (e.g. a ceramic plate)

To make a heater with your own hands, you must follow the instructions.

Remove dirt from the reflector surface.
Measure the length of the spiral around the reflector cone.
Check cord, coil activation terminals and plug for damage.
Cut the steel rod to a length equal to the length of the spiral.
Screw a nichrome thread onto the rod with 5 turns for each centimeter.
Slowly remove the core from the wound thread.
Place the coil on a dielectric (for example, a plate) so that the coils do not touch.
Connect the ends of the spiral to an electrical source.
The heated spiral is compactly located in the grooves of the reflex cone.
Connect the contacts to the spiral ends.

As a result, you will notice that the nichrome thread heats up better than the coil installed in the device before making the changes. An efficient emitter that reflects energy from the reflective walls and directs it to bodies that absorb heat is ready.

Use of foil and glass

To do this, you will need:

paraffin candle;
a device for installing a candle;
EDP glue (Boxidka);
aluminium foil;
two glasses of the same size;
sealed material;
a wire with a plug in the form of a plug;
cotton napkin;
cotton buds.

Manufacturing instructions.

Remove dirt, paint and dust from the glass surface.
Light a candle and place in the pallet.
Holding the glasses in hand, hold them over the flame so that they smoke evenly. To do this, it is recommended to cool them a little in advance. The resulting dark soot will become a conductive element.
Draw straight lines around the perimeter of each glass with cotton swabs. The result should be a frame of clean strips 0.5 centimeters thick.
Measure the width of the dark soot rectangles.
Cut out two of the same rectangles from the foil, which will serve as the electrode strips.
Place the first glass so that the smoked side is on top.
Apply glue to its surface and distribute the edges of the foil so that they slightly extend beyond the glass.
Lay the second glass on top with the smoked side inward so that it fits snugly against adhesive surface and press down carefully to secure the effect.
Apply a small amount of sealant to the joints of the glasses.
Check design for power level. Not exceeding 100 W per sq.m. heater, you can safely connect to the mains using a plug with a wire.
To connect to the network, take a block of wood with two metal plates that are reinforced at both ends. A 12 volt plug must be soldered to one of them. Place the block on the glass so that the foil extending over the edges of the glass is tightly pressed against the metal contacts. Your efficient and powerful electric heater is ready.

Advice: to correctly calculate the power of the device, you need to use a multimeter to measure the resistance level of the layer that conducts an electric current. Given the dependence of the current on the load, it is better to use stable parameters - constant voltage of 220 V and the formulaN= U* U/ R, whereN- the required power indicator,U - electrical voltage andR- resistance. For example, with a resistance of 24 Ohm according to the formulaN= 220 * 220/24 it turns out 2016 W. This power is enough for normal heating of a room with an area of about 20 square meters. m.

When a higher indicator is obtained, it is necessary to increase the resistance, and at low power, increase it.

What to do if the power of the made heater does not correspond to the required parameters? It is necessary to calculate this indicator, taking into account the area of the room (for example, 15 meters) at the rate of 100 W per sq. m. It turns out 15 * 100 = 1500 watts.

With a constant resistance of 220V, output the required indicator using the previous formula: R = 220 * 220/1500 = 32 Om. Considering that you had 24 Ohms earlier, the resistance should be increased. This means that it is necessary to reduce the smoked strip on the glass in width and calculate it using the formula R = I * p / S, where R is the resistance, I is the length of the layer conducting the current (constant value), p is the resistivity (constant value), S is square cross section layer (directly depends on the width, a wide layer is a smaller area, a narrow one is large).

Thus, in order to calculate the required resistance value, it is necessary to select the required width of the smoked strip, but for this you will have to disassemble the glass device.

Manufactured from laminated plastic

To make an infrared heater with your own hands, you will need:

2 pieces of laminated paper plastic, each 1 square meter;
box glue;
copper plates;
powder graphite;
plug and cord;
wood.

First, you need to mix graphite with glue until a thick mass with a high degree of resistance is formed. Then apply a mixture of graphite and boksidki to the plastic in zigzag strokes, applying the rough side to the table. In the same way, you should prepare the second plastic, and then glue the two sheets, pressing firmly against each other. On the plates on opposite sides, you need to fix the copper elements with glue.

A frame is made of wood, into which you need to insert the device, which then needs to be dried well. Next, you need to measure the resistance and calculate the power in the same way as in the previous version, except that here the resistance depends on the amount of graphite powder in the glue - the more there is, the higher the resistance indicator, and vice versa. After you have reached required power, you need to connect the structure to the network, having previously connected it to the plug.

Manufacturing from infrared film

One of the most modern and effective materials for a heater, an infrared film is used, as a rule, three-layer.

Central heating starts late in the fall, while it switches off early in the spring. And Russian winters are so harsh that heating system unable to cope with the needs of the townspeople: it is cold in the apartments, the heat is rapidly leaving through the windows. The way out of the situation is to use additional source heat. The best choice will become an infrared heater that you can build yourself.

To make an infrared heater out of scrap materials, it is imperative to study the principle of operation. How can you do something that you know nothing about?

All heated bodies radiate heat, as the sun does. The rays emanating from a heat source are electromagnetic waves that heat bodies that meet in their path: furniture and people. In this case, the air does not heat up: the air receives only part of the heat during heat transfer from already heated bodies. Infrared heaters work on the principle of thermal radiation, which include two main elements:

Radiation source... In heaters industrial production these are thin metal threads that heat up when an electric current passes through them, or lamps (incandescent, halogen, quartz and others);
... It is a highly reflective body whose function is to reflect infrared rays to dissipate heat around the apartment or form separate heated zones.

Advice! To test the effect of the reflector, take a clinging foil and hold it near your hand for a while. You will feel the warmth, which is reflected and directed in your direction rays.

Another important part in industrial infrared fireplaces is the controller, which regulates the degree of heating of the emitter. V homemade constructions it may not be there. But its installation gives the advantage of being able to set the desired temperature range. The controller automatically forces the device to heat up if the temperature drops below normal, and cool down if the temperature exceeds it.

If you examine the infrared ceiling heater, the principle of operation will be the same as that of the floor / wall structure. The only difference is in the method of installing the IR fireplace. But it depends on him which zones in the room will be more comfortable.

The figure shows the advantage of infrared heaters: heat reaches physical bodies and is absorbed by them, remaining there. Therefore, it can be warmer on the floor than under the ceiling. And when a house is heated by convection, it is always cold on the floor: the coating itself does not receive heat. Heat is transferred by air, which, when heated, rushes up, and a new portion of cold falls down.

Cheap and angry

Usually, devices heated by electricity - filaments or lamps - are used as the emitter. But the simplest version of a radiator is a heating radiator. It's the same physical body like the sun. And it can also radiate heat. Stand by the battery and feel the heat radiating out - this is radiation. It only spreads in all directions. Why heat the walls when you can direct the rays towards the living space?

Take the foil, smooth it well to improve the reflective effect and stick it on the wall behind radiators and radiators. As a result, the heat that the walls could receive will be directed in the opposite direction - towards you. This method helps to get up to 20% more heat without any tweaks. The only drawback is the ugliness of the reflective screen: it spoils the interior.

Attention! Heat insulators with a reflective screen can be used instead of foil. A striking example the material is penofol, one or both sides of which are foil.

A homemade infrared heater can be made from an old Soviet-made reflector. In addition to it, you will need:

Nichrome thread;
Steel rod;
Refractory dielectric (ceramic plate is suitable).

To make an IR fireplace out of these things, follow the instructions:

Remove dirt from the reflector;
Check the plug, cord and terminals for turning on the spiral (they must be intact);
Measure the length of the spiral that is wound around the reflex cone;
Cut a rod of steel the same length as the spiral;
Wind a nichrome thread onto the rod so that there are 5 turns for each centimeter;
Carefully remove the core from the nichrome winding;
Place the coil on a plate (another dielectric) so that the coils do not touch each other;
Connect the ends of the nichrome spiral to the mains;
Now the heated coil will easily fit into the grooves of the reflector cone;
Connect the ends of the spiral to the contacts.

The nichrome thread heats up better than the spiral that was in the device before our manipulations. As a result, we get a powerful emitter, the energy of which is reflected from the walls of the reflector and hits opposite bodies, which begin to absorb heat.

Heater glass + aluminum foil

You will need:

Foil;
Two glasses of the same size;
Paraffin candle;
Sealant;
Wire with a plug at the end;
Cotton napkin;
Boxedka;
Cotton sticks;
Any kind of candle holding device.

Step-by-step instruction:

Clean the glass with a napkin from paint, dust, grease;
Light a candle. Place it in a cup, candlestick, or just drip paraffin onto flat surface and quickly put a candle on a puddle;
Smoke the glasses on one side, passing them at the same speed over the fire. The soot will lay down evenly if the glass is cooled before the procedure. The dark layer will then become a conductive element;
Run cotton swabs around the perimeter of the glass pieces so that you get a frame of clean glass 0.5 centimeters thick;
Measure the width of the smoked rectangles on the glass with a ruler;
Cut out two rectangles of the same width from the foil - these will be the electrode strips;
Take one glass and place it smoked side up;
Apply a box on it and lay foil rectangles on the edges so that they go beyond the glass;
Put the second glass on top with the smoked side down and press it well so that the structure sticks well;
Apply sealant along the perimeter of the "puff pie" at the junction of the glasses;
Check the power of the structure. If it is not higher than 100 W at square meter premises, the heater can be connected to the network using a wire and a plug;
To connect to the network, use a wooden block with metal plates reinforced at both ends. Solder the plug to one contact. If you install the glass on a block so that the foil coming out from the sides fits snugly against the metal contacts, you get a full-fledged heater.

Attention! To calculate the power of the structure, use a multimeter to measure the resistance of the conductive layer. Since the current in the circuit depends on the load, it is better to read the power according to a more stable parameter - this is the voltage, which is 220 volts in the network. To do this, you need the formula: N = U * U / R.

N Is the required power.U- voltage (220V).R- measured resistance. Example: when measuring, we received 24 Ohms. Substitute into the formula:N = 220 * 220/24. We get 2016 watts. This is enough to heat a room with an area of 19-20 squares.

If your power turned out to be more than 100 watts per meter squared, then it must be reduced by increasing the resistance (we cannot change the voltage in the network). If the power is very low, then it needs to be increased.

What if the power doesn't come up?

Now about how to make an infrared heater with your own hands of the required power. To do this, you need to know the area of the room that you want to heat. For example - 15 meters. Now you need to calculate the maximum allowable power at the rate of 100 watts per meter. Since we have 15 of them, the power will be 15 * 100 = 1500 watts (it is necessary to count in them, despite the fact that it is indicated in kW in the passports of electrical appliances).

If the voltage is constant (220 volts), then the required resistance can be calculated. To do this, we deduce the resistance from the formula that was given above: R = U * U / N. Substituting the calculated power and voltage into the formula, we get: R = 220 * 220/1500 = 32 Ohm (approximately).

In the example above, we had 24 Ohms. This means that the resistance needs to be increased. To do this, you need to reduce the width of the smoked strip on the glass. This comes out of the formula R = l * p / S... Where l- the length of the conductive layer (constant value, because we will not cut the glass), R- resistivity (constant), S- the cross-sectional area of the conductive layer, which depends on its width. The wider the layer - the less resistance, the narrower - the greater it is.

Output! To achieve the desired resistance, you need empirically pick it up, making the strip of soot narrower or wider, depending on whether you need to increase or decrease the resistance. In this case, each time you have to disassemble the glass structure.

Laminate heater

To assemble a homemade infrared fireplace you will need:

Laminated paper plastic - 2 pieces with an area of 1 square meter;
Boxedka;
Graphite (you can buy powder or get it from old batteries, from a pencil - but you have to crush it);
Copper plates;
Wood;
Plug with cord.

If everything is there, proceed with the assembly:

Mix graphite powder with boksidka to form a thick mass with high resistance;
Lay the plastic sheet with a rough surface on the table;
Apply boksidka mixed with graphite to the plastic with zigzag strokes;
Prepare the second sheet of plastic in the same way;
Glue both plastic sheets, pressing them tightly together;
On opposite sides of the plates, reinforce the copper plates, which will act as terminals;
Build a wooden frame into which you will need to insert the resulting structure;
Let the future heater dry;
Measure the resistance of the conductor and calculate the power.

Attention! Here, the calculation of power and resistance is performed by the same method as in the previous case. Only the resistance will depend not on the width of the conductive layer, but on the content of graphite in the box. The more powder, the higher the resistance, and vice versa.

You will have to disassemble and reassemble the structure several times before you experimentally achieve the required power. Only then can the device be connected to the plug and connected to the network for operation.

Mini heater from a can of shoe polish

Prepare materials:

Flat box of shoe polish;
Two conductors;
Can;
Powder graphite;
Sand;
Plug.

Step-by-step instruction:

Wash the box;
Mix sand with graphite powder, taking them in equal amounts;
Pour the mixture into the box, half full;
Cut a circle out of tin;
Attach a wire to it;
Place the circle on top of the graphite-sand mixture;
Pour more sand with graphite so that the jar becomes full;
Close the jar with a lid so that pressure appears inside;
Connect the second wire to the body of the can and bring it to the network by connecting it with a plug (you can use a car battery).

To adjust the degree of heating, tighten the lid of the jar more or less to change the pressure inside. The more the jar is twisted, the stronger the heating, and vice versa. But do not overheat, at which the jar begins to emit light rays - yellow or orange. In this case, the contents inside the jar are baked, which makes the heater's efficiency significantly lower. To improve the work after sintering, you need to shake the jar vigorously - then the graphite-sand mixture will again become loose and suitable for work.