How to insulate a wall inside a room from dampness. How to insulate the walls from the inside of an apartment or house and how to do it correctly. Polyurethane foam is an excellent modern insulation

An apartment is insulated from the inside in several cases: if the apartment or room is corner, if apartment house- panel, and if they want to save on heating. In all three cases, the methods of how to insulate a wall in an apartment from the inside are the same, and boil down to the choice of mounting options for certain rooms. This means that before insulating an apartment, the task is to select the appropriate technology and Construction Materials for thermal insulation.

Wall insulation technology inside the apartment

Though external thermal insulation works more efficiently, often do internal insulation premises in the apartment only because it is more convenient, cheaper and faster. The main disadvantage of this method is to reduce the usable area of the room by. There are more advantages: this is the ability to do all the work on your own and without leaving the apartment, a large selection of heat-insulating materials and options for their fastening, as well as the use of a regular set of household tools when insulating a wall in an apartment from the inside. In parallel with the general effect - an increase in the temperature in the apartment - the effect of energy saving on ensuring the operation of the heating system is manifested.

Among the disadvantages that you should also pay attention to, you can list the following:

Internal wall insulation does not contribute to the accumulation of heat - the material simply reduces heat losses, which can be 9-14%;
When isolating a room from the inside with your own hands, the so-called. "Dew point" is formed in the gap between the wall material and the heat insulator, less often - inside the insulation, therefore, condensation may appear in the wall, which will lead to the appearance of mold and other fungal diseases;
Technological violations of the process of internal insulation will lead to freezing of the surface, which, in turn, will cause the destruction of the walls.

The composition of the insulation cake, laid inside on the walls, must include a vapor barrier to protect it from moisture.

List of necessary works and materials for high-quality insulation:

You need to buy a high-quality vapor barrier material (film), as well as moisture-resistant tape, which will connect the joints of the roll vapor barrier;
The main material of the insulation should be with low vapor permeability, if possible, this indicator should be less than the vapor permeability of the walls, so that it can move only in one direction - from the apartment to the outside, and not vice versa;
If the insulating material will be glued to the wall, then you need to buy glue. The surface of the insulation is completely greased with glue with a layer of 3-5 mm, so that all the irregularities of the wall are filled;
Since the insulation will retain moisture, leaving it in the rooms, the rooms to be insulated must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation. Excess moisture with high-quality insulation without ventilation can be observed on the glass windows in the form of drips - the windows will begin to "cry". Also, instead of (together) with ventilation devices, it will not be superfluous to install ventilation valves such as "Aereco", "Air-Box" or "Regel-Air" on the PVC frames.

What else needs to be done before insulating the wall in corner apartment from the inside:

Calculations are carried out to determine the thickness of the thermal insulation layer. The thickness of the insulation in a brick or other house depends on the average temperature in the region in winter;
Before work, the surface of the insulated wall is protected with a primer, which protects the wall material from mold, and enhances the adhesion properties of surfaces;
The insulation is glued or attached to the dowels after the surface is completely dry.

Types of heaters for an apartment

Mineral wool (stone, basalt, fiberglass) is insulation for interior surfaces, but wall insulation inside an apartment with concrete walls requires the use of a high density material to create a vapor-tight surface. Mineral wool "breathes", so when it is used, condensation may appear on the walls under the insulation. Therefore, when choosing mineral wool, you need to buy material only with the highest density, for example, like expanded polystyrene. Do not forget about vapor barrier - without it, the possibility of condensation also increases.

Expanded polystyrene, polystyrene or polystyrene foam are more suitable for insulating walls from the inside, since they have low thermal conductivity and a fairly high density. Dense material means less thickness of the insulating layer, which means saving usable space. In addition, the weight of these heat-insulating materials is small, so it will be easy to work with them, and a flat work surface will allow you to quickly fix the plates on any wall and in any way - with glue or with dowels. EPP and its varieties can be easily cut with an ordinary knife, but with such ease mechanical processing material withstands compressive forces well.

The use of these heaters excludes the occurrence of a "dew point" in the heat insulator, therefore, vapor barrier is not needed. Insulation board joints are insulated polyurethane foam, which automatically excludes the appearance of "cold bridges". In addition, plates of extruded polystyrene foam are supplied with special locking grooves and spikes, which tightly and firmly connect the surfaces into a monolith, therefore, such insulation of walls inside the apartment will be much tougher than insulation with mineral wool. It is quite simple to mount such plates: they are placed in a row and fixed with plastic umbrella dowels through the wall.

One of the significant disadvantages of polystyrene and polystyrene foam is a low sound insulation coefficient. The flammability and release of toxic substances are also negative properties of these materials. Therefore, in order to level or at least minimize these negative aspects, the wall insulated with expanded polystyrene should be plastered or covered with plasterboard (also with subsequent finishing with a layer of plaster).

Polyurethane foam is a material that foams when applied to a surface, and you will need to work with it special equipment... But the effect of such thermal insulation is much higher than that of thermal insulation with the materials described above, since the hardening foam forms a seamless dense and rigid surface, for which it is not necessary to pre-lay steam and waterproofing.

Before insulating corner room with polyurethane foam, a wooden or metal frame is mounted on its surface, between the profiles of which liquid thermal insulation is applied. The frame is necessary so that after insulation it is possible to attach sheathing sheets to it - drywall, plywood, OSB, etc.

In addition, when working with polyurethane foam, the following qualities are manifested:

Polyurethane foam hardens quickly and can be cut to shape it. For example, form an even and right angle, or cut a niche in the body of the insulation;
PPU ideally insulates the places of "cold bridges" at the joints of surfaces;
The surface of the hardened polyurethane foam adheres well to even and curved surfaces;
PPU is convenient to use when insulating rooms with non-standard geometric dimensions and architectural forms;
The surface of PU foam can be finished with any decorative materials, from drywall to tiles.

How else to insulate an apartment in a panel house from the inside? Cork is natural insulation produced in slabs or rolls. Material - cork, which is the key to environmental friendliness inner cover... In addition to insulation, the cork insulates noise well, and the texture of the plates does not require additional decoration.

The only condition that will have to be provided before insulating the wall in the apartment from the inside with a cork is Smooth surface, therefore, before gluing boards or a roll of cork, the surface is leveled by plastering. To do this, you need to remove old paint, whitewash or plaster, treat the wall with an antiseptic and prime. The last operation is the application of a layer of plaster, on which, after it has dried, it will be possible to attach the cork coating. The cork is glued to the wall surface with the same glue that is used for gluing the foam, if a special adhesive cannot be purchased.

In addition to environmental friendliness, a low coefficient of thermal conductivity and excellent sound insulation, cork has the following advantages:

Simple, quick and easy installation, neat and clean work;
Beautiful texture of the coating;
Warm to the touch, velvety surface;
Different shapes of slabs and rolls, different textures and patterns on the surface;
The cork heat insulator has a small thickness, so the insulation does not take up much space in the room and does not take up the useful area of the room.

Penofol-based thermal insulation materials are produced in rolls with a thickness of 2-10 mm. The strip has a one-sided foil coating that directs heat radiation back into the room.

Penofol technology:

Before fixing penofol, the walls must be cleaned of old coatings, leveled and cleaned with plaster;
On a new prepared surface, penofol is easiest to fix with double-sided construction tape, foil to the room. The cattle should also be covered with foil on one side;
After rolling, the strips from the roll are attached end-to-end to each other;
A wooden lathing lath is assembled on top of the mounted foam foil covering. Also, the frame can be made from a metal profile. A decorative coating will subsequently be attached to the frame - lining, drywall, swing or other building materials. If drywall is used, then after fixing it on the wall, it is plastered, wallpaper is glued or painted. Also, when sheathing penofol with drywall, a ventilation gap should be left between it and the wall, through which air will circulate and drive out the accumulated moisture.

Penofol, even with its small thickness (much thinner than other heaters), is an almost ideal heat insulator and noise suppressor. The high characteristics of penofol are quite enough to use it without additional insulation measures, but if necessary (for example, in the Far North), combine it with other types of thermal insulation materials. And the main thing when working with penofol: it is quickly mounted, it performs its functions for a long time and reliably, and almost does not take up space on the wall.

When choosing thermal insulation material for the internal insulation of the walls of an apartment, a preliminary examination of the room for the level of preparedness of the walls for work will help to determine the characteristics of the insulation. On a dry and mold-free surface, the insulation can be fixed immediately, but if there is even the slightest sign of surface moisture, the wall should be dried and the entire preparatory set of measures should be taken, from applying antiseptic compounds to leveling and re-drying.

Without careful preparation of surfaces, insulation can turn out to be not only useless and expensive - it will adversely affect the microflora in the thickness of the wall, causing first microscopic, and then more and more cracks and destruction. In addition, mold bacteria and high humidity in the room always lead to respiratory diseases of the people living in it.

At present, much attention is paid to the issues of energy saving and energy efficiency. In our country, fuel consumption for heating is several times higher than similar indicators. European countries... At the state level, the task is to reduce fuel consumption for heating. To solve this problem, new norms have been introduced that regulate the requirements for effective wall insulation, state institutions are ordered to issue energy certificates for buildings, increased attention is paid to energy efficiency in the examination of project documentation. These measures allow new construction to be carried out at a level close to European requirements.

In our country, the housing stock is mainly made up of houses that were put into operation at a time when the energy efficiency of technologies and materials was not given due attention. Is it possible for the owner of "Khrushchev" to insulate the walls of his apartment? To answer this question, you need to understand that the owner of the apartment has no right to change the architectural appearance of the building. Therefore, an increase in the thickness of the walls with the help of a heater attached to the outside of the building is out of the question. The only option to insulate an apartment is to insulate the walls from the inside. How to insulate walls from the inside is described in this article.

Wall insulation from the inside has a number of inevitable disadvantages.

These such disadvantages are as follows:

Installation of a sufficiently thick layer of insulation on the walls reduces the area of \ u200b \ u200bthe premises;
Usually used heaters are not environmentally friendly. Almost all emit substances harmful to humans, albeit within the limits of sanitary standards. Some heaters are flammable or emit hazardous gases when exposed to fire;
Walls insulated from the inside lose their heat storage properties. The sun through the window, an open window, a change in the temperature of the heater, turning off the air conditioner - all this will lead to a faster change in the temperature in the room than it was before the insulation;
Placing the insulation on the inner surface of the outer wall creates conditions for the appearance of condensation under the insulation. After laying the insulation, the wall begins to freeze more, the wall temperature drops below the dew point temperature. As a result, water vapor contained in the warm air of the room, penetrating through the insulation, condenses on the cold surface of the wall. The moisture content of the wall and insulation increases, their heat-insulating properties decrease, and fungus and mold appear on the wall decoration. Freezing, water gradually destroys the material of the wall and insulation.

The only positive property of the insulation option from the inside is its low cost and the ability to do it yourself.

Practical techniques for wall insulation from the inside

The first step is to level the walls. If the building is built of bricks, then the walls are plastered. After they are completely dry, the surfaces are covered with a primer. The final leveling step is the putty.

For insulation, foam plates are used, preferably with increased density PSB-S-25 (35), or extruded XPS expanded polystyrene.

Extruded foam polystyrene and has a number of advantages over foam plastic:

new insulation material stronger and more durable;
Penoplex has a fairly low level of water absorption.

Before you insulate the wall with foam from the inside, you need to make a backing for waterproofing.

When all the preparatory processes are completed, you can proceed directly to the very installation of foam sheets to the walls.

The styrofoam sheets must be clean. Also, the presence of gaps between the sheets of insulation is not allowed. Any gap is a source for cold penetration into the room.

After attaching expanded polystyrene (foam) to the wall structures, a vapor barrier material is laid, which will protect the insulation from moisture in the indoor air. This will prevent condensation from accumulating during temperature extremes, which is incompatible with the foam. If you ignore this procedure, then in a few years the insulation will rot. After that, the surface of the insulation is covered with glue and a reinforcing fiberglass mesh with cells of 3 - 6 mm is pressed into the glue layer. The mesh sheets are laid with an overlap of at least 10 cm. A leveling layer of glue with a thickness of 2 mm is applied on top of the mesh. The corners are reinforced with a metal profile. To seal the joints of the insulation boards and abutments, sealants are used, which form an elastic seam after hardening. Large defects in the insulation are sealed with polyurethane foam. After the glue dries, you can stick it on the wall ceramic tiles, or you can simply plaster with a thin layer for painting or wallpapering.

An alternative to the use of foam or XPS extruded polystyrene foam is the use of foam glass or mineral wool insulation as insulation.

Just like foam plastic, foam glass is not afraid of water - it does not get wet, foam glass plates are vapor-tight, the material is well sawn. Unlike foam, foam glass slabs are denser and more durable, the material does not burn, is well compatible with the most common mortars, perfectly plastering and gluing, environmentally friendly, it is not damaged by rodents.

Another alternative is insulation from the inside of the walls with mineral wool slabs. For this, a wall frame is used. The frame can be made of wooden blocks or metal U-shaped profiles. The structure of the wall frame is the same as the frame for the device. plasterboard partitions... The insulation is placed in two layers - between the wall and the frame and between the frame posts. Or in one layer - only between the frame posts.

After carrying out work on the insulation of the walls of the apartment from the inside, the size of the room will decrease. In order to legalize such a decrease, you should contact the Bureau of Technical Inventory (BTI) and order a new one technical certificate apartments.

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Internal wall insulation in the apartment

One of the main problems of apartments in panel multi-storey buildings is the low level of thermal insulation and sound insulation of load-bearing walls. Not only can you hear the street screams and signals of vehicles in the apartment, but moreover, cold comes from the walls in winter period... The way out of this situation is to insulate the walls in the apartment from the inside with materials that increase sound and thermal insulation.

The load-bearing walls in panel multi-storey buildings are made of reinforced concrete. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of concrete is 1.3 - 1.75 watts per 1 sq. For this reason, concrete panel walls cool down quickly and let the cold temperature pass in winter and warm up quickly in summer.

The solution to the problem is to increase the thickness of the wall, due to the installation of materials with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity on its plane. Basically, the internal insulation of wall surfaces in an apartment is made with the following materials:

Sheets of expanded polystyrene PS-1 (polystyrene) - thermal conductivity coefficient 0.04;
Panels made of polyurethane foam (penoplex) - coefficient 0.025 - 0.035;
Basalt mineral wool slabs - coefficient 0.045 - 0.055 watts per 1 sq.

As you can see, all three materials have a low coefficient of thermal conductivity and are well suited for thermal insulation of internal walls. Let's consider step by step the technology of wall insulation inside the apartment with each material separately

Insulation with sheet polystyrene foam

For work you will need materials:

Styrofoam sheets 100x50 cm with a thickness of 30-50 mm;
Adhesive for expanded polystyrene;
Plastic anchors;
Fiberglass mesh with a mesh of 5-7 mm;
Starting and finishing putty.

The sequence of work is as follows:

1.The old wallpaper is removed from the surface of the walls, and if the background of water-based paint is applied to the walls, then such a surface is either cleaned or primed with concrete contact or concrete soil.

2. Using construction mixer make a thick working adhesive mass.

3. Sheets of expanded polystyrene are glued with glue on the inner planes of the bearing walls. For gluing a sheet of polystyrene on its plane, 5-6 small slides are formed with a small spatula. Next, the sheet is applied to the wall and leveled with a spirit level.

4. Having pasted over the entire inner surface of the walls with foam and, after waiting for the glue under the sheets to harden a little, each sheet of expanded polystyrene is additionally mounted to load-bearing wall with two drilled plastic anchors.

5. Fiberglass mesh sheets are stretched vertically over the walls covered with foam. To temporarily pull the mesh over the foam, ordinary nails are stuck into the foam at the corners of the fiberglass canvas.

6. The entire surface of the insulated walls along the mesh is putty first with a facade putty, on top of which a plaster putty is applied to the second layers. Further interior decoration is reduced to the application of a finishing putty, on top of which the background is applied with water-based paint or wallpaper is glued.

Insulation with polyurethane foam panels

Materials required for work:

PPU panels;
Metal expansion anchors with wide heads;
Polyurethane foam without toluene;
Fiberglass mesh;
Putty for interior work.

Warming is performed in the following sequence:

1. If the walls are even, then the PPU panel is mounted on their surface using 4 drilled metal anchors. Only the joints between adjacent panels are processed with polyurethane foam.

2. If there is a small difference on the walls, then 4 holes are pre-drilled in the polyurethane foam sheet, stepping back from each corner to the center of 15 cm. and carry out installation with metal anchors.

3. Having mounted polyurethane foam panels along the entire plane of the walls, a fiberglass mesh is fixed over the insulation. Further, the entire area of the inner walls is putty over the mesh plaster putty, after which the interior decoration is carried out.

Thermal insulation of internal walls with mineral wool slabs

It will take the following materials:

Basalt mineral wool slabs;
Starting metallic profile;
Supporting metal profile;
Perforated holders for metal profiles;
Self-tapping screws for metal and metal expansion anchors;
Plastic expansion anchors;
Damper tape;
Drywall sheets;
Self-adhesive fiberglass tape;
Plaster putty.

Carrying out wall insulation from the inside with your own hands using this method, several simultaneous technological works are performed at once: thermal insulation, sound insulation and alignment of the wall planes with a strong vertical drop.

Thermal insulation is made in next order:

1. Using a plumb line or a long spirit level, determine the blockage of the load-bearing walls, while drawing a line on the screed parallel to the wall to be insulated. This is the future "zero" without the thickness of the drywall.

2. Paste over the back of the starting metal profile with a damper tape. Further, in the starting profile with a step of 40-50 cm, holes with a diameter of 8-10 mm are drilled with a metal drill.

3. The prepared starting profile is placed on the screed along the edge of the drawn line parallel to the bearing wall. Through the holes in the profile, they are drilled into the screed with a victory drill and the starting profile is installed with metal anchors.

4. Having departed 5-8 cm from the inner corner in the room, draw an even vertical line on the wall using a marker and a long spirit level. Using a tape measure, marks are made on a vertical line in increments of 40 cm. At the point of each mark made, perforated holders bent in the form of the letter "P" are mounted with anchors to the wall.

5. Between the horizontally protruding blades of the holders, a vertical bearing profile is placed, the lower end of which is inserted into the starting profile. Using a spirit level, the supporting profile is set in a horizontal, level position, after which it is mounted to the holders using metal screws.

6. Having retreated from the edge of the mounted first bearing profile 55 cm, the second and all subsequent bearing profiles are mounted in the same way to the wall. The distance between the inner ribs of the vertical profiles must be the same everywhere.

7. Having finished with the installation of the frame from the profiles, the entire space between them is laid with mineral wool slabs. The mineral wool slabs are fixed to the concrete wall with plastic expansion anchors.

8. On top of the metal frame with mounted insulation, sheathing with gypsum plasterboard sheets is made. Plasterboard sheets are placed vertically so that two edges of adjacent gypsum boards are superimposed on 1 bearing profile. Fastening of drywall is carried out with self-tapping screws for metal, while, during their twisting, their caps are sunk into the thickness of the gypsum board by 1.5 - 2 mm.

9. All seams between drywall sheets are covered with self-adhesive fiberglass tape. Next, all glued seams and all points of location of screws are putty with plaster putty. After the putty has dried, a general layer of gypsum putty 2-3 mm thick is applied to the entire surface and subsequent finishing is performed.

Above, three main methods were considered in detail, allowing you to insulate a panel wall in an apartment from the inside. Each method takes precedence over the other methods. For example, if you need to insulate too not smooth walls, then ideally choose 3 way. If a room with a small area and the walls are even, then the 2nd method is ideal. If, however, the area of the apartment is large enough, then you can save money and use thicker sheets of expanded polystyrene instead of PPU panels and carry out insulation in 1 way.

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How to insulate an apartment from the inside inexpensively

In what cases is an apartment insulated from the inside? If you definitely need to insulate the apartment cheaper, then you can insulate it from the inside. Internal thermal insulation you can do it yourself, but outside it can only be done by high-altitude specialists. For independent work all that remains is to buy and deliver materials, and then easily tackle the cold walls while inside the dwelling ... But how to do this? So that there really were no problems .... The technology described below avoids several key problems that accompany internal insulation. To insulate an apartment from the inside you will need:

Extruded polystyrene foam with a thickness of at least 7 cm.
Adhesive for expanded polystyrene.
Reinforcing mesh fiberglass 5 mm mesh.
Interior sealant.
Primer.

Insulation from the inside is contrary to the rules of insulation, and entails several serious disadvantages. The outer wall is shielded from heat, becomes cold, and freezes. It is guaranteed to condense water on its surface if steam flows through it. In view of high density concrete condensation of water inside the wall is not possible (except in cavities). Then it is necessary to prevent moisture from only the wall surface. So that mold and other things do not grow on it ...

When insulating from the inside, it is necessary to remove free surfaces inside the wall, on which water could condense. The layers of the wall should contain only materials that either do not allow steam to pass through, or do not allow water to condense. If you want the insulation from the inside not to entail negative consequences, use these materials. We'll have to fork out for more expensive extruded polystyrene foam compared to foam. Polyfoam (expanded polystyrene foam) passes water through itself and accumulates it inside (it is moistened). Extruded polystyrene foam no.

More with properties various heaters can be found here.

For internal insulation, only a water-resistant vapor barrier is needed - this is extruded polystyrene foam. It is also possible to use high-density polyurethane foam. It is sprayed behind the mounted fence into the holes, and is firmly bonded to the prepared wall. But this option will turn out to be more expensive. And what thickness of the insulation should be? It can be calculated according to well-known rules, an approximate calculation is not difficult. But we can recommend extruded polystyrene foam and polyurethane foam with a thickness of 7 cm and more. Insulation should not be enough.
Dowels for additional fastening of the insulation to the surface in this case are not needed and even harmful. Expanded polystyrene adheres perfectly from the inside of the apartment and on one adhesive base. Outside, on the street, at a height, it is imperative that a safety fastening of a sheet of insulation with dowels is required. There are wind loads, the effect of the atmosphere, as well as the inadmissibility of the panels falling from a height .... There is nothing of this inside the apartment. And the fastening on one glue is sufficient, super-sufficient, if only it was done correctly.

It is unacceptable to break the continuity of the extruded polystyrene foam layer. Insulation must be installed in such a way that it forms a sealed wall. Slots are not allowed. They are sealed with small particles of material, shavings on a waterproof sealant. Insulation panels inside the apartment are joined together by a groove-comb on the sealant. The main emphasis, when performing work on the insulation of the apartment from the inside, must be done on sealing the wall with insulation, preventing air from the apartment to it, so that condensation does not form (less formed) in it. Strong adhesion of the insulation to the wall must be performed over the entire area of the sheet, as well as to the side surfaces.

By the way, you can get acquainted with the special properties of polyurethane foam and insulation methods.

Then a complex process of fitting and sticking sheets along the entire wall is underway. First better leaf- try on the other according to the position. Then apply a little sealant along the grooves, apply glue to the sidewall and insert the sheet into place. Any gaps along the edges, between, are carefully sealed with pieces of expanded polystyrene on the sealant. In this case, there should not be any polyurethane foam! It is saturated with water like a sponge, after which it collapses. After gluing all the sheets, rub the surface with a float on top, level it.

Check out the possible technologies for insulating the facade from the outside. It is advisable to hermetically close the expanded polystyrene layer with plaster on steel mesh at least 3 cm thick. Or a double sheet (3.5 cm) of drywall. Moreover, such a wall will already be self-supporting. But most importantly, it will resist fire for at least 30 minutes before the expanded polystyrene begins to melt and release poison. Those. people will have time to evacuate from the burning room before that.

1. We are preparing all the same glue,
2. Cut off a strip of mesh-reinforcement of such length that it would wrap on lateral surfaces by 3 cm.
3. Apply the adhesive in a strip to the styrofoam with a notched trowel. We level the layer of glue with an ordinary spatula. We put reinforcement on top of the glue and press it in, remove the excess.
4. Lean the metal mesh. We fix it to the ceiling, floor, walls with dowels. We plaster on a metal mesh 2.5 cm thick with cement-sand mortar.
5. After the reinforcing layer has dried, apply the plaster layer with curly rollers, spatulas, and demonstrate miracles of craftsmanship in plastering and finishing. Easiest to apply a layer cement plaster for exterior decoration curly roller, making any kind of embossed surface. And then paint it. But you can level the wall under the wallpaper with putty.

No gypsum plaster is offered on this wall. In general, it is not so easy to insulate the wall with your own hands from inside the apartment, it is advisable to have the skills of a plasterer. Do not ignore these recommendations, and cling to the wall glass wool, polystyrene, anyhow, if only faster and cheaper, especially with a layer of polyethylene ... All this becomes the cause of the destruction of the wall and a breeding ground for cold and dampness.

All work is carried out in the summer when the wall is dry.

Insulation of an apartment from the inside most often becomes necessary in houses with panel walls, since they are not thick enough, quickly cool down, the heating system cannot fully cope with its tasks, and the temperature in the premises drops. How to insulate a wall inside an apartment, and what methods and materials to use - this question arises before most homeowners in concrete high-rise buildings. External walls in such houses become cold especially quickly, and often, due to temperature changes, they begin to damp and become moldy.

Sometimes, when there is such an opportunity, the thermal insulation of the walls is carried out from the outside, since this — more effective method keeping warm. However, this option is very expensive due to the complexity of its implementation, and it is impossible to independently carry out such events, without using special equipment, if the apartment is located above the first or second floor. Therefore, a decision is made to insulate the walls from the inside, to the detriment of the total usable area. But, be that as it may, a warm apartment with a slightly smaller area is better than large cold rooms. Internal work may well be done by hand, without the involvement of specialists. The main thing is to choose correct material and have the right tools.

If equipment is installed in the apartment autonomous heating, then wall insulation will help to save energy resources, which are very expensive today.

Compared to the external thermal insulation of walls, the internal insulation of an apartment has its own rather significant disadvantages:

The insulated wall does not accumulate or retain heat, and heat losses are from 8 to 15%.

With internal insulation, the "dew point" may be inside the insulation, which leads to its dampness

The "dew point" with internal thermal insulation is located between the insulation and the wall, sometimes - inside the insulation layer. This leads to the formation of condensation and the appearance of mold colonies. .
An incorrectly insulated wall from the inside will freeze all the time, and this inevitably causes irreversible destructive processes in the thickness of the material over time.

Correct insulation

So that condensation does not form under the thermal insulating layer due to temperature changes in winter, and, as a consequence, mold spots do not appear on the walls, all technological recommendations for insulating concrete walls from inside the apartment must be carefully followed.

An important element in the structure of the thermal insulation "pie" is a high-quality vapor barrier. It must protect the insulation from moisture penetration, which will allow the entire structure to effectively perform its functions for a long time.

What kind of work is required to achieve this goal?

It is necessary to purchase a vapor barrier film High Quality and waterproof tape for sealing the seams at the joint of its sheets.
For the insulation layer, you need to choose a material that has low vapor permeability. It is desirable that this indicator be lower than the vapor permeability of the wall material. In this case, moisture evaporation will occur towards the street, and not inside the apartment.
When gluing insulation, its surface is completely coated with glue using comb-spatula, and it is very tightly pressed against the surface of the wall, so that even small cavities do not remain between them.
In order to avoid the occurrence of excessively high relative humidity inside the premises, they must be equipped with additional ventilation of natural or forced type. For example, for this, valves are installed on the window frames through which air will enter the room.

Further, it is necessary to accurately calculate the required thickness of the insulation. It will depend on the average daily temperature in the region in winter time... The thickness of the insulating material should not be less than the parameters that were obtained during the calculations, otherwise the steam-thermal balance will be violated.
Before installing the insulation system, the walls must be treated with special primers. They will "cure" the wall, prevent mold colonies from forming on it, and also increase the adhesion when gluing thermal insulation.
Insulation installation can be started only after the wall is completely dry.
Formations of "cold bridges" must not be allowed, which can negate the entire insulation process. The risk of their occurrence is especially great at the joints of walls and ceilings.

What heaters and how are they used?

Cork is an excellent natural material for thermal insulation

Such a thermal insulator is made in the form of slabs or rolls from the bark of a special type of oak - cork. Therefore, it is an environmentally friendly safe insulation, which is very important for interior decoration premises.

Using high quality material, three problems can be solved at once - these are noise and sound insulation, as well as decorative wall decoration.

An important condition for the installation of a cork cover is the evenness of the wall, therefore, before proceeding with its gluing, it is necessary to carefully prepare the surface. This process is carried out as follows:

The old coating is completely removed from the wall.
Then the entire surface is processed, which will protect the wall from damage by fungus or mold.

The next step is to level the surface.
You can refine the walls with drywall, but in this case, the sheet should be completely smeared with waterproof glue or foam, so that there are no voids left under it. Drywall is firmly pressed against the wall and is additionally fixed with anchors or plastic "fungi".
Cork can be glued to a dry wall. To do this, use a special glue designed for such purposes.

The positive qualities of the material, in addition to its environmental friendliness, low thermal conductivity and good noise absorption, include:

Ease of installation of cork wall covering while observing accuracy in work.
Aesthetically attractive respectable look.
The surface of the material is always warm and pleasant to the touch.
A variety of release forms, textured patterns and shades.

Cork is not only an excellent thermal insulator. She will give the room a special decorative effect.

Cork insulation does not have a large thickness, therefore it does not make the area of the room smaller - with this quality it compares favorably with other thermal insulation materials.

Penofol

Penofol, in essence, is a roll of foamed polyethylene with a thickness of 2 to 10 mm, on one side of which it is applied, which contributes to the reflection of heat into the interior of the room.

Penofol - foamed polyethylene foam

Before its installation, the surface is prepared in the same way as for cork.
Penofol can be fixed on smooth walls with construction double-sided tape. Under any circumstances, the material is placed with the foil side in the room. This creates a kind of thermos for efficient heat retention.
Stripes penofol stacked end-to-end. They are glued together with special tape, which also has a foil-coated reflective surface, since the entire coating must be airtight.

On top of the penofol fixed to the wall, a crate made of strips, bars or galvanized metal profiles is installed. This frame has a base for mounting lining or wall cladding with plasterboard sheets. The plasterboard surface can subsequently be covered with plaster, pasted over with wallpaper, or thoroughly putty and sanded, and then painted.
It is very important when installing drywall or lining on the top and bottom of the structure to leave a gap that will serve ventilation hole to circulate air so that moisture does not accumulate.

Despite its small thickness, penofol is an excellent heat and sound insulator. It is used as a separate insulation, but it is quite possible to use it in combination with other materials. It attracts with its simplicity and speed of installation on walls, floors or ceilings, as well as a long service life.

Video: insulation of internal walls with foil material

Prices for thermal insulation materials

Thermal insulation materials

When choosing a material for insulating a dwelling from the inside, you must first inspect all wall surfaces on which the thermal insulation will be installed. If the wall is dry and there are no mold spots on it, then you can start preparing the surface and purchase insulation material. Carrying out such work on an unprepared basis is strictly prohibited. Not only that, such insulation will not give the desired effect - you can thoroughly spoil the apartment atmosphere, make it damp, unhealthy, since the spores of many types of mold or fungus are extremely dangerous to human health, especially for those suffering from chronic respiratory diseases or a predisposition to allergic reactions ...

In general, any of the methods of the apartment presented in the publication from the inside will not require any complex additional equipment, and this technological process is quite possible to carry out independently.

If the house or apartment is cold and uncomfortable in frosts, and you continue to pay huge sums for heating, then you should think about whether there is a reason why the heat is not retained inside the premises. The simplest assumption is that the heat escapes through the walls.

But internal insulation is usually carried out only in extreme cases, for example, when the authorities impose a ban on changing the facade. If there is a seam between the buildings behind the wall, then external thermal insulation will also be impossible. Sometimes this approach cannot be implemented when there is an elevator shaft or an unheated room behind the wall, to which there is no access.

Features of insulation from the inside

If you are faced with the question of how to insulate the walls of a brick house from the inside, then you should remember that the main problem in carrying out such work is the fact that the wall can begin to freeze even more. This leads to a shift in the dew point when moisture begins to condense, moving to the surface of the wall. Condensation causes dampness, which destroys materials and the finishing layer. All this contributes to the deterioration of the thermal insulation properties of the insulation, and the heat loss in this case turns out to be even higher, and high humidity is also added to this problem.

It is the brick walls that are subject to greater destruction. In order to avoid this, you should choose heaters, the vapor permeability of which is minimal, and there is no moisture absorption. During installation, there should be no joints and seams between the canvases through which condensed moisture could penetrate into the premises. These criteria do not fit:

liquid ceramics;
mineral wool;
drywall;
cork covering;
warm plaster.

The latter option can be used only at the final stage. Moisture-absorbing fibrous and vapor-permeable materials are not suitable for thermal insulation of walls from the inside. It is better to refuse expanded polystyrene, because with it it is rather difficult to achieve proper joining of the material with the walls without using a solution. The joints between the canvases will play an important role in reducing the tightness.

What to consider before starting insulation

Before insulating the wall from the inside with your own hands, you must make sure that it is as dry as possible. The insulation should have a minimum vapor permeability and high moisture resistance. The wall must be protected with hydro and vapor barrier. The insulation layer should not have cracks, joints and gaps.

If you want to insulate the walls in an apartment from the inside in a panel house, then as one of successful decisions the construction of another wall inside the room is in favor. It should fit tightly with the outer one or be separated from it by an air gap. Sometimes a layer of thermal insulation is placed between these surfaces, which acts as a buffer. But such measures reduce the usable area of the premises to 7 m 3.

Material selection

Before starting work, you should ask yourself how to insulate the walls of the house from the inside. For example, polyurethane foam allows you to create a moisture-resistant barrier with high properties thermal insulation. The problem can only be expressed in the method of application. Initially, the material is a foamed liquid that hardens quickly. To form a flat base and sufficient thickness, formwork should be installed, filling the internal space with parts. Using wireframes will not work. Elements of such a system made of metal or wood can also become sources of moisture.

After the formation of the surface of the insulating layer, it is necessary to install water and vapor protection. To do this, apply polyethylene film, which is fixed to adjacent walls, floor and ceiling using slats. Bonding is carried out with mastic or sealant.

Polyurethane foam is characterized by low strength and density. This indicates that subsequent finishing and plastering will not be possible. To do this, it is necessary to erect plasterboard walls, which are erected on a frame and fixed on the adjacent wall, floor and ceiling. at the same time, it will be located at the junction of the polyurethane foam and the wall or in the thickness of the thermal insulation.

Insulation with a double wall

If you want to insulate a wall in an apartment from the inside, then you can use the Double Wall technology. The warm floor will act as a thermal barrier. On the surface of the wall are installed heating elements... Heating can be turned on only in severe frosts in order to warm up the inner surface of the wall and shift the dew point.

For the normal decoration of the room, a second wall of plasterboard or brick is installed. Insulation is mounted on the false wall from the side of the opening. This option will save in severe frosts and exclude destruction, as well as the formation of dampness. But you will spend huge amounts of money on electricity. This is due to the fact that you will heat not only the volume of air in the room, but also the street.

Using penoplex

If you still have not decided how to insulate the walls of the house from the inside, then you can use expanded polystyrene or expanded polystyrene foam. For the reason that it does not meet the characteristics for such work, special attention must be paid installation work... The material consists of smooth sheets of dense material. During the installation process, joints will certainly form between them. It will not be possible to get rid of them completely, so a layer of sealant will have to be applied to the ends.

The technology of applying the solution with separate cakes should be abandoned. This is due to the fact that as a result, air chambers where condensation accumulates. In this case, water finds slots for entering the room. The only option would be to apply glue to the entire sheet and tight adhesion of the material to the wall throughout the entire area. Before applying the solution, it is necessary to use a needle roller, which is used to process the surface of the material. This will ensure the best penetration of the solution. This is especially true for the version with penoplex.

This method of fixing will require leveling the wall. It is impossible to use ordinary cement-sand mortar. It is better to use a mixture that forms a waterproof layer. The use of anchors should also be discarded. This is due to the fact that in the places of their installation, leaking transitions will form.

If you plan to use the mesh reinforcement method and will apply plaster over the foam, then the structure should be reinforced with profiles that are located between the insulation sheets and are fixed from above and below to the floor and ceiling.

The order of work

If you decide to insulate the wall in the apartment from the inside, then after choosing a specific method of carrying out the work, you must bring the surface to perfect condition. For this, the old coating is removed from the base in the form of cladding, decorative elements, paint and wallpaper. The plaster is also removed. You should see a concrete slab or brickwork.

The surface should be cleaned of dust and dirt using a broom and a vacuum cleaner. Particular attention should be paid to places where the walls were especially damp. Before insulating the wall from the inside, it should be treated with an antiseptic and covered with a primer. After each operation, the base is left to dry.

It should be primed with a compound with deep penetration. If you plan to use foam or heating elements, then the wall is plastered and leveled. You can use water repellents in this process, ready-made mixtures for decorating pools and bathrooms. In this case, the method of plastering using beacons is suitable. The technology is relevant if the size of the differences is more than 10 mm.

The plaster layer should dry within a few days. Only in this way will the material acquire normal strength. This process should not be accelerated with heaters. The surface of the plaster is primed again. This step should be omitted if it comes about concrete walls that are flat. In the case of them, you can seal the joints with a moisture-resistant solution, mastic or sealant.

Warming process

Quite often, home craftsmen are faced with the question of how to insulate the wall from the inside. The technology will be different in each case. Some of the nuances have been described above. After the installation of the thermal insulation layer, a drying period follows. Only then can you proceed with the installation of the second wall, where the finishing layer will be applied, like tiles, wallpaper, paint or cork.

For the installation of gypsum plasterboards, you must form a frame. The slabs will be fixed to the ceiling, floor and walls. There should be a gap of 5 cm between the insulation and the wall.If you want to use high density polystyrene foam, you can limit yourself to applying reinforcement mesh and plastering. But the durability and result will depend on the quality of the foam installation. The joints between the sheets are necessarily coated with a sealant, and the canvases are fixed on an evenly thin layer of mortar.

Thermal insulation of a corner apartment with mineral wool

If you are among those who wondered how to insulate corner wall from the inside, then you can use mineral wool as a material for work. It consists of natural fibers, is environmentally friendly and is made from rocks by melting them. The sheets of this thermal insulation have low weight, excellent sound insulation and low thermal conductivity. Mineral wool is ready to serve for quite a long time, and is installed on the wall between the guides made of metal profiles or wood bars.

How to insulate a wall from the inside? This question is quite relevant for residents of corner apartments. When installing mineral wool on walls, you must take care of waterproofing. This is important, because a moist heat insulator loses its properties. Before starting the installation, the walls are covered with a moisture-proof film. You can make the frame from wooden slats, the distance between which will be equal to the width of the insulation plate. It is necessary to subtract about 2 cm from this value.

After laying the mineral wool, a layer of vapor barrier or superdiffusion membrane is next covered. Rails are packed on the guides, which will create an air gap, which is necessary for moisture to evaporate from the superdiffusion membrane. Plasterboard or plywood is stuffed onto the slats. It is better to work with mineral wool with glasses and gloves, as well as a respirator.

Insulation of a corner apartment with foam

If you are worried about how to insulate a wall in a corner apartment from the inside, then for this you can also use foam. It is more common because it is easy to install and its cost is affordable. For an apartment, you can purchase polystyrene foam, which contains substances that prevent ignition. Before laying the slabs on the leveled wall, apply liquid waterproofing... Tile adhesive should be applied to the insulation sheets. A comb-type trowel acts as a tool for this.

After filling the entire area of the wall, a mounting mesh is glued on top, which is covered with putty. Once it is dry, the surface can be wallpaper or painted. Before insulating a wall from the inside, you should think about what material to use. If you use polystyrene or penoplex, then fungus and mold can form between the moisture-proof layer and the wall. This also applies to foil-clad penofol. This is due to the fact that the wall is in a panel or brick house stops breathing, and in conditions of a cold circuit and access to moisture, it begins to become covered with condensation.

Warming with drywall

If you want to decide how to insulate a brick wall from the inside, you can use a technology that involves the use of drywall. This method is quick and easy. A distance of 3 cm should be maintained from the rough surface to the front base.With an increase in this space, more insulation will fit into the voids of the structure. This method is great for large rooms, because the wall thickens during the installation of thermal insulation.

The process begins with the installation of a frame made of metal profiles. They are removed from the wall by 2 cm. The frame must be made of a galvanized profile. A tape is glued to the base of the elements to isolate the surface from the plaster. This will protect the drywall from the cold that is transmitted through the metal profile. Mineral wool is laid in the cavity of the frame, and the layer between the wall and drywall will also become a heater.

The next step is to install drywall. When insulating rooms with high humidity, you should not save money - it is better to purchase a moisture-resistant material. At the final stage, the panels are finished with wallpaper.

Thermal insulation in a panel house

How to insulate a panel wall from the inside is pressing question, which interests many apartment owners. For work, you can use plaster. If we are talking about brickwork, then you can cope with the work in short time... The material is laid in three layers, each of which dries well.

At the first stage, the composition is applied by spraying. This will fill in any irregularities and crevices. In this case, the thickness does not exceed 10 mm. The main stage is the application of a primer layer 5 cm thick. The effectiveness of thermal insulation will depend on the quality of this stage.

If you want to know how to insulate a wall in a panel house from the inside, you can use polystyrene foam. Even a beginner can handle its installation. But mineral wool, although it is an excellent option, takes up more space. It has one important advantage, which is that in the process of fixing the material does not need a prepared layer of plaster.

In order to properly insulate a wall in an apartment, you need not only to know what material is suitable for such purposes, but also to understand all the nuances of installation. Particularly noteworthy are corner apartments with "cold" walls. But besides this, there are several more features that must be taken into account.

Features of wall insulation in the apartment

In brick and panel houses there are many problematic issues with insulation. If you do not pay enough attention to them, then with the arrival of cold weather it will manifest itself.

Rules for insulating walls of an apartment from the inside

Among the features of wall insulation in an apartment, it is worth highlighting the following:

Cold wall. This is the surface that directly “goes out” to the street. Due to temperature extremes, it is susceptible to the formation of dampness, and in the future, mold. The current requirements of SNiP indicate the need for its insulation with outside although this is not always possible.
Dew point. This term is used to define the limit where the temperature of water vapor becomes equal to the rate of condensation. The problem manifests itself with the arrival of cold weather. If the insulation is carried out from the outside, then the border will shift to the street side, while on the inside - inward. In the future, this threatens the appearance of moisture on the walls from the side of the apartment, because water can accumulate directly inside the insulation itself.

To avoid condensation, you can use the following tips:

for thermal insulation, use the material whose vapor permeability is less than that of the facade material;
the insulation must have a minimum moisture absorption and vapor permeability;
to seal all joint seams using a vapor barrier film and waterproof tape;
if the installation is carried out with glue, then a comb-spatula is used in the work, which allows you to carefully apply the mixture to the surface;
before installing the insulation, the walls must be properly prepared - cleaned, treated with an antiseptic and a primer;
the apartment must be equipped with high-quality ventilation (natural or forced type).

Consequences of condensation - mold and mildew on the walls

Important! Efficiency also depends on the correct calculation of the material thickness. It depends on the average winter temperature in a particular region.

Insulation: design options

The modern market presents a wide range of insulation materials. Each option has its own strengths and weaknesses. The choice must be made based on the technical characteristics of the material, since the quality of insulation depends on this.

There are a number important points which should be taken into account when selecting a heat insulator:

heat conduction level;
fire resistance;
breathability;
environmental Safety;
parameters of waterproofing properties;
life time.

Insulation for walls for an apartment must have high parameters for all these characteristics. And in order to know what is the best way to insulate the walls in an apartment from the inside, you need to know what options are available for this.

Mineral wool

A budget option that has long been used in construction. It has high thermal insulation, vapor and air permeability, but this material is afraid of moisture. The structure of the mineral wool has a high porosity, which absorbs any water. This leads to an increase in the mass of the material, which is why it simply will not be able to continue to stick to the wall. In addition, high humidity is an excellent environment for the development of mold and mildew.

Mineral wool

During the installation process, a frame is created from special guides, which will serve as "cells" for laying layers. This process does not require a lot of effort and time. But mineral wool tends to deform, so after 10-15 years it is recommended to remove topcoat and renew the insulation.

Expanded polystyrene

The material is made of expanded polystyrene, which is highly resistant to moisture, while allowing the concrete walls to "breathe". The price is quite affordable, so many people use it for insulation.

Among the shortcomings, it is worth identifying:

poor water permeability - the accumulation of moisture leads to the destruction of the walls, therefore, expanded polystyrene is not used to decorate wooden walls;
highly flammable.

Expanded polystyrene

But this material lasts much longer than the previous version.

Expanded polystyrene is distinguished by high rates of thermal insulation properties, which makes it possible to use it for insulating not only internal, but also outer walls... The fixation of the material is carried out using a special glue.

Extruded polystyrene foam

This insulation is a more advanced version of the previous version. It has a more elastic and flexible structure, which makes installation much easier. This insulation tolerates any processing well. Also features good moisture resistance, light weight and affordable price.

Extruded polystyrene foam "Penoplex"

Among the minuses, it is worth highlighting the complexity of joining the sheets. But this moment modern manufacturers managed to make it easier - there are slabs on sale where the end sides are designed in the form of grooves. Thus, the adjustment of the elements during the installation process is greatly simplified. Fixing to the wall is carried out with glue or by creating a metal frame.

Styrofoam

Another a budget option wall insulation. High thermal insulation properties of the material are ensured by the presence of gas in the composition (more than 95%). It also has high performance in waterproofing, soundproofing and has a low flammability. In addition, its cost is quite affordable for everyone.

Styrofoam can be used to insulate both external and internal walls. Therefore, it is often used not only in private houses, but also in apartment buildings.

Foam insulation

Keramoizol

This option appeared on the construction market relatively recently. Unlike previous heaters, keramoizol is sold in containers, and not in plates or rolls. This mixture is sold in varying quantities.

Keramoizol is easy to apply, since it does not require the creation of frames and other fixing bases. Moreover, such a heater has good thermal insulation, waterproof and vapor proof. The fluid structure allows you to maximize the processing of walls without worrying about joints and corner joints.

Keramoizol for wall treatment

During the installation process, several layers are required. Experts recommend covering the freezing wall at least 6 times to maximize thermal insulation. The imposition of each subsequent layer is perpendicular to the previous one. The application process may take longer than installing the foam. But if we take into account the efforts to create the frame, then this moment becomes equal.

The only drawback of keramoizol is its high price.

Penoizol

It is a type of polyurethane that is applied to walls in the form of foam. The most high efficiency manifests itself when insulating brick walls. The mixture hardens quickly, while reliably sealing any joints and gaps in the surface. The absence of air in the foam ensures reliable processing of seams and joints.

Applying liquid insulation

Penoizol possesses high heat and waterproofing properties, is not a combustible material and does not emit any toxins during operation. One of the advantages of that insulation is the speed of work. True, after the foam has completely dried, it will be necessary to additionally level the surface, since it does not harden evenly, acquiring a relief structure.

Astratek

This insulation has the form of a suspension in which there are solid components from various polymers. To process the wall, you will need a spray gun or a paint brush. In the first case, there is an additional cost, although such a tool saves time and effort. For full-fledged insulation, you will need to apply a layer of 1 cm, which in its properties will correspond to a layer of 50 cm from mineral wool.

Liquid thermal insulation Astratek

Such material is convenient in that it does not "eat up" the usable area of the room. In addition, with the correct mixing, a homogeneous structure will allow you to start finishing at once. Therefore, Astratek is often used for wallpaper, since it does not require additional alignment. But for the sake of fairness, it should be said that such insulation is expensive, so it is not often used for large areas.

Having familiarized yourself with all the pros and cons of each insulation, it becomes not so difficult to make a choice of what you can use to insulate the walls from the inside in the apartment.

Wall insulation process

Regardless of the type of insulation, the installation process has mandatory stages. The service life of the material and itself depends on the quality of their implementation. temperature regime in the apartment.

Training

One of the important points is the preparation of the walls for the installation of insulation. The first step is to remove the old coating from all surfaces. The wallpaper is easy to remove if you first spray it with water and then remove the paper from the walls with a spatula. If even the smallest particles remain, this may prevent the insulation from fully performing its functions.

If the wall has irregularities, then it will need to be leveled. This requirement can be fulfilled with putty or drywall. But in the latter case, the material may become narrower, in a way, additional insulation... This approach is used with significant wall defects (irregularities of more than 1 cm) and it requires additional financial investments, since drywall is attached only to a metal frame.

After the wall is cleaned and the putty is completely dry, it is treated with a special antiseptic solution. This layer provides protection against mold and mildew in the future. There are different mixtures, each with its own method of application. Manufacturers indicate the instructions for use on the package with the mixture, so there will be no problems with mixing. Further, the surface is covered with a primer in two layers - each subsequent one is applied after the previous one has dried.

An important point is vapor barrier. The most the best option high quality polyethylene is considered. Fixation can be done with construction stapler, glue or foil tape. Also, all joints are treated with adhesive tape in order to achieve complete insulation.

Before insulating a wall in a corner apartment, you need to process the connection points with the floor and the corners from the inside. In such zones, a heat and vapor barrier is applied. Then they can be disguised using a box or a false column.

Installation

For high-quality insulation, you will need to make a "pie". In this case, it will be several layers of different materials, each of which has its own purpose. Depending on what material was chosen for insulation, installation can be carried out using glue or creating a frame.

The method of fastening the insulation directly depends on finishing walls. Therefore, insulation in a room can occur in one of the following suggested ways:

Frame. Used when there is no need to plaster walls. This approach allows you to protect fragile insulation (for example, foam) from mechanical damage. To create a foundation, may be suitable wooden blocks(pre-treated with an antiseptic) or metal profile. For fixing on the surface, dowels or self-tapping screws are used. The distance between the posts should be equal to the width of the material. If the insulation has a dense structure, then the cell should be exactly 50 cm less than the dimensions of the plate or roll. When soft material, you will need to reduce the cell size by 1.5-2 cm. As soon as the insulation is laid in the gaps, all joints are treated with polyurethane foam. After it dries, you will need to remove all its excess with an ordinary or clerical knife. Next comes the finishing.

Laying mineral wool

Glue. This kind fastening requires careful preparation of the walls, which includes leveling. All cracks are treated with putty, and if there are protrusions, they must be chopped off, and such places are sealed with mortar. To apply glue you will need notched trowel... The solution is prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions, which are indicated on the package. The mixture is applied to the wall and insulation, after which the material is pressed tightly against the wall. The glue dries for 2-3 days, depending on the manufacturer, after which it will be necessary to additionally fix the insulation using umbrella dowels.

Fixing insulation with glue

Important! If the work is carried out on glue, then the wall is pre-marked. This will allow for a neat installation. Do not immediately cover the entire surface with the mixture, as it will have time to dry until one side of the wall is insulated.

Fixation with glue is acceptable in cases where insulation is performed using foam, wood fiber, foam or foil-clad insulation. With other materials, the frame system can be used.

Final works

After the insulation is fixed on the walls, you can proceed to the final stage. At the end of the installation, hydro and vapor protection is fixed over the material. The film is attached using special rails or a construction stapler. The edges should fit into adjacent surfaces and be sealed with a sealant.

After all the stages, the walls are ready for final finishing. If you plan to glue wallpaper or use decorative tiles, then in this case you still need to create a plasterboard base. Usually, when working with slabs, at the final stage they are plastered and pasted over with a forming reinforcing mesh, on top of which a gypsum mixture is then applied. After plastering and stripping, the wall is ready for decorative processing - painting, gluing wallpaper or plates, etc.

Plasterboard leveling

- a simple event. But it requires the completion of all stages, especially with regard to the preparation of the walls. If the base is not properly processed, then very soon condensation will appear inside the "pie", which will begin to destroy the insulation from the inside. Therefore, it is better to spend energy and money once on preparation, but then spend cold winters in a warm apartment.