Important

It is equally important to take into account the floors of the apartment. I will explain why: if you live on the first floor, then remember, at the bottom of the unheated basement. And this means increased humidity and cold. If you live on the second floor and above, then under you will be a living heard and dry apartment.

Choosing a floor covering, I also recommend to take into account the height of the room. Some technologies simply unrealistic to introduce into an apartment, for example, wooden floors on lags, if the height of the ceilings is 220 cm. Another point is the floor drop between the rooms. We are in all our facilities in the floors in the level.

If in your apartment wooden overlap, then I do not advise pour a concrete tie. There will be a strong load on it. On the contrary, choose a coating that has a small weight, for example laminate or linoleum. Well, it is important to pay attention to aesthetics.

From a practical point of view, I also advise you to choose an outdoor coating on zones. For example, for a kitchen and a bathroom tiles, a tree can be seized into the bedroom, laminate and the like.

Council

Zonail the territory. Separate it with color, it is beautiful and convenient.

Here is how the floors look like zoning:

What is the basis to use

A draft base in the apartment can be done from:

1. Wet screed.

2. Semi-dry screed.

3. Dry screed.

Wet screed

· Prolonged duration of drying. After the fill must pass about 30 days and more for complete solidification.

• In the process of work a lot of dirt.

· The square meter turns out to be a serious load, which can reach up to 70 kg / m 2.

· As moisture evaporates, shrinkage may be observed.

• Requires serious labor costs.

• High strength.
• Comparatively low cost.

· In the screed, you can lay various engineering systems.

· To achieve the required level, you can pour a thick layer without consequences.

Important

Provided that the screed will be at least three people: one on the kneading, the second on the rule, the third on the tray, then on average, you can pour the screed for the working day with an area of \u200b\u200bup to 50 m 2 with a thickness of about 50 mm. At the same time, about the day goes to the installation of beacons.

Work on the pouring of a wet screed costs about 400 p. per m 2.

Semi-dry tie

We use this option on all our objects. You can read more about technology on our second site - http://qualityfloor.ru/

· Dependence on weather conditions. At a minus temperature, perform work is prohibited.

• It is difficult to implement yourself.

· At high speed, excellent quality is preserved.

· After time, cracks do not appear on the surface.

· The likelihood of water leakage is eliminated to the lower room.

· In anything from the wet screed, semi-dry by 15% costs cheaper.

Important! One brigade is a traditional way of filling a semi-dry screed capable of pouring up to 100 m 2. If you use a mechanized method, then up to 300 m 2 per day.

Cost of materials: Cement M500 50 kg - 350 rub., My-made sand 1 m 3 - 1100 rub. The cost of the work in which the work includes the rule and helicopter reaches up to 150 rubles. per m 2.

Dry screed

Disadvantages:

· Hydrophilicity. I explain: if under the dry tie, the pipe breaks, then you will have to make the screed completely, with preliminary disassembly works.

• Cannot be mounted in a shower and bathroom.

Advantages:

• There are no wet processes.
• Noise insulation and thermal insulation increases.
• Ecology.

· Little weight. Three times easier to concrete wet screed.

• After installing the floors are ready for operation.

Important! In one day, a team of qualified specialists can make 50 m 2 dry screed.

The cost of mounting dry screed "Knauf" per m 2 ranges from 450 to 1300 rubles. The price depends on the method of manufacture and volumes. For example, a dry floor screed up to 10 m 2, which includes dry beep and floor element 1000 rub. / M 2. With a similar composition, the volume from 30 m 3 will cost you 450 rubles. I will advise you, compare the proposals at once several construction companies to choose the most favorable price.

Noise insulation

Styrofoam

Advantages:

• Simple installation.
• Easily cut.
• Elastic and strong material.
• Lifetime for up to 25 years.
• No moisture is afraid.

• Flammable material.

· Calle of junctions, which reduces noise insulating properties.

The cost of foam for m 3 thickness of 10 mm - 280 rubles. (I did not find the price of work)

Mineral wool

In my opinion, mineral wool is one of the best building materials that provides excellent floor insulation. However, mineral wool can not be poured concrete. It is suitable only for wooden floors. For example, laying between overlapping beams.

• The ability to absorb sound waves.
• Does not burn.
• Does not highlight harmful and dangerous poisonous gases.
• The ability to cope with the temperature to + 1000 ° C.
• The possibility of laying without the bridge of cold.
• Lifetime for up to 25 years.
• Minvat is resistant to different aggressive environments.

· Throughout the life of the mineral wool saves its properties.

• Parry permeability.

• It is afraid of moisture.

· Difficulties when installing (it is necessary to wear protective overalls).

The cost of mineral wool per pack is different based on its thickness. For example, Minvata with a thickness of 100 mm 600 × 800 mm costs 450 rubles. Minvata 600 mm thick 600 × 100 mm costs 650 rub.

Important! The cost of mounting noise insulation of mineral wool per m 2 will cost 200 rubles.

Ceramzit

If the screed is poured, then in my experience and practice, clamzite is the best solution. Its price is much lower. The price depends on the fraction. It is sold in bags. For example, a fraction of 10-20 mm volume of 0.05 m 3 costs 85 rubles, and fraction up to 5 mm volume of 0.05 m 3 costs 140 rubles.

Important! Cost of filling clay per m 2 60 rub.

Positive sides:

• Low price.
• Natural product - environmental friendliness.

· Does not change its structure when changing the temperature.

• Different microorganisms are harvested in it.
• Refractory material.
• Noise isolation is provided by the porosity of its structure.

Negative sides:

• Because of the porosity is very fragile.

· Because of the low density, it is necessary to float the insulating pillow of a decent height. It is impossible to implement in apartments with small ceilings.

• Ability to absorb moisture.

Insulation

As for the insulation of sex in the apartment, I advise all your customers not to miss this opportunity. Especially when the apartment is located on the first floor and under you the unheated basement. Floor insulation will eliminate thermal losses.

Important

If the warm floor system is stacked on the floor, then the floor insulation is simply necessary. The insulation should have a reflective film. Due to this, all the heat published will rise up the apartment's room.

For insulation, different materials are used.

Polystyrene foam

Polystyoltilol is sold in packs. Depending on the manufacturer, the price varies from 1.1 to 4 thousand rubles. Work per m 2 will cost you 150 rubles.

• Simple installation.
• Small weight.
• Ecology.
• It does not live different microorganisms.
• Does not miss moisture and warmth.
• The service life is 50 years and above.

• Gulf.
• When the temperature is reached, 90 ° is deformed.

Bung

There is a plug roll 2 mm thick - 1200 rubles. 6 mm plug thickness has a roll price - 3800 rubles. In my opinion, the use of this insulation is unreasonable. There are much cheaper insulation. But in some cases this is the only optimal solution. Price of installation for installation - 320 rubles. m 2.

• Long service life.
• Ecology.
• Does not rot, does not spread mold.
• After time, it does not lose its characteristics.
• Passes air.

• Not an easy installation process.

· High price. But as for me, the quality completely pays off at the price.

Ekwata.

One of the modern solutions. In my opinion, the most effective way to insulate the wooden floor in the apartment. Cost 1 kg - 28 rubles. Work for 1M 2 costs 1600 rubles. (wet method). In my opinion, the perfect combination of quality at low cost.

• Passes air.
• Low cost.

· Does not grow mold, does not rot. There are no insects and mice in it.

• Simple installation.
• Seamless insulation.

For your information

Cons: The main disadvantage is that after time, the dry styling of the EcoWhat is glorified. Therefore, insteading the floor, I recommend it to make a good time, on average, 1 m 3 will be a consumption of 50 kg.

Water warm floor

For many customers living in the apartment, I advise you to make a warm water floor. However, it is not always possible to do it. For example, in your apartment low ceilings, and the heating cake can take at least 70 mm. It is not always possible to pour the screed on the water heated floor, because of the weak overlap. It is important to take into account and choosing an outdoor coating. For example, under the laminate, everything is warm and achieved comfortable temperature will be difficult.

Tip! As my practice shows, water warm floor is perfectly combined with ceramic tiles. It has a high level of thermal conductivity, which allows not to delay thermal energy in the body of the screed.

· Lining insulation (what are there any cheaper and better to briefly paint)

Floor materials

The modern market offers a large selection of outdoor finishing materials. I propose to compare the most common facing materials.

Parquet

• Easy when operating.
• Durability of about 100 years.
• Beautiful appearance.
• Ideally combined with any interior style.

· High price. Especially when exotic woods are used.

• From time to time it is necessary to polish.
• When walking, a lot of noise is published.

The cost of a piece parquet is 950 rubles per m 2, and a parquet board from 800 to 2000 rubles / m 2. Work will cost 1000 p. per m 2.

Laminate

There are many laminate manufacturers, respectively, the cost of laminate is different. I'm pushing from class. For the apartment, I advise you to purchase a class of laminate at least 33. So the price per m 2 is located in the area from 300 to 2400 rubles / m 2. Mounting value on average 350 rubles / m 2.

Pluses of laminate:

· Packaging is convenient for transportation and manual carrying.

• Mimics different building materials.
• Easy to care.
• Wear resistance (depends on class).
• Comparatively simple and fast installation.
• Can be laid in different rooms.

· Sustainable to the negative effects of UV, does not fade. Some planks even moisture-resistant.

• Does not breed mold and fungus.

Cons of laminate:

· Unable to restore the upper layer in case of wear. Full replacement is needed.

• When walking, there is a lot of noise.
• Unnatural tactile sensations.
• Rigidity.

· Nallese formaldehydes questioned ecology.

· Without deformation joints, the coating will crawl or swept.

Linoleum

The cost of linoleum varies from 200 to 1.5 thousand rubles / m 2. The value is influenced by its class, for example, commercial, household and so on. For the apartment, I recommend buying linoleum no cheaper than 500 rubles / m 2. Mounting cost: 320 rub. / M 2 glue, no glue 250 rubles / m 2.

• Comparatively inexpensive flooring.

· Resistant to moisture and pair. Actual for premises in an apartment with high humidity, such as a kitchen.

• Wear-resistant (depends on class).
• Simple installation. You can use glue or not.
• Does not slip with cash with moisture.
• Easy to care.

· Linoleum has a specific smell. He passes two weeks later.

• Weak wear resistance to punctures.
• The perfectly smooth surface of the floor is necessary.

Wood

In my opinion, the tree is the most win-win option when finishing the floor in the apartment. Just keep in mind that it is placed on lags. Therefore, the height of the ceilings should allow such a luxury. The cost of the wooden floor per m 2 fluctuates based on the thickness of the board. The average price is 450 rubles per m 2. Flooring boards on lags will cost 400 rubles / m 2.

• Beautiful aesthetic appearance.
• Pleasant tactile sensations when walking.

· Additionally, wooden floors heat the base. You can walk barefoot.

· Easy to use. Once in 5 years is applied with a layer of paint / varnish and floors as new ones.

· On the old wooden floor you can lay a new floor covering.

• Easily repair.

· Mounting difficulties. It is necessary to take into account the many nuances.

• It is unrealistic to achieve perfect floors of the floor.
• In case of non-compliance with the installation technology creak.

Tile

The cost of ceramic tile fluctuates on the basis of its collection. You can find a tile and 400 rubles. / M 2, and there are collections of 17 thousand rubles per / m 2. The cost of work is within 1000 rubles / m 2.

• Solid and reliable coating.
• Does not miss moisture, except that there will be a flood.
• Long operational service life.
• Hygienicity.
• Easy to clean.
• Resistance to temperature differences.
• Resistance to chemical aggressive means.

· High thermal conductivity. Without outdoor heating on the tile, go cold.

• It is traumatic when moisture getting.
• High price.
• Mounting complexity.

Rating outdoor materials

Outdoor material	Appearance (10 score)	Price of material	Cost of Montaja	Price with work	Durability	Term to restoration
		950 - 2000 rubles.
		300 - 2400 rubles.
Linoleum		200 - 1500 rubles.	On glue - 320 rubles. Without glue - 250 rubles.
		400 - 17,000 rubles.

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How to repair rough floors

Any flooring sooner or later reaches critical wear, and then it has to be changed. But putting a new material on the old, the old base is inappropriate, because at the same time irregularities will inevitably appear, creak and will soon have to start repairs again. How to restore the base floor?

The draft floors serve to level the overlap, are responsible for the sound insulation of the following space, and the heat insulating function is also performed on the first floors and in buildings with consumer heating.

When repairing "seconders", it almost always has to restore or reconstruct the draft floor. At first glance, this work is easy, because there is no lack of materials on the market, and many firms offer ready-made solutions, such as team ties. However, it is sometimes problematic to make a choice, because you need to take into account the state of overlapping, operational loads, the height of the ceilings, the qualifications of builders, the type of coating and other factors. And besides, before starting work, it is necessary to obtain permission from the housing inspection authorities to change the floor design. And the older house, the more difficult to repair the repair.

Repair of draft floors in the houses of Stalin's buildings

In the houses buildings of the 1930s. The overlap is mostly wooden beam (from a bar of 150 x 200 mm or more). Barks are arranged a draft boardwalk (from the side of the lower room, it is plastered along duranka), the runneroid is laid and covered in sand or slag. In the beams, aligning lags, to which, nastil from boards with a thickness of 40 mm, serving the basis for parquet. In the post-war years, the reinforced concrete beams of the T-shaped section used more often, and the plates of light concrete occupied the plates from the slope and backbet.

When the new floor is found in the house with beam overlaps, it is necessary to conduct a preliminary examination. This work is entitled to perform construction organizations that have a license to preserve cultural heritage and / or certificate of admission of CPO.

At the end of the examination, you need to make a conclusion where the calculation of the carrier ability of the overlapping will be presented (or the impossibility of performing it)), conclusions, and also indicate the methods of reconstruction. In the overwhelming majority of cases, additionally load the beams is prohibited; In addition, building processes related to the use of open fire, strong vibrations and overlapping moisturizing are required. For example, consider one of the possible practical solutions.

Turning the floors, remove sand, slag and gasket layers. Then spread across the beams waterproofing material so that it turns out each beam from three sides. It makes sense to use durable and durable products based on glass cholester and modified bitumen ("Brepelist TPP", "Hydrosteclozole TPP", "glass walker TPP", etc.) or polyvinyl chloride (for example, Sikaplan WP, Logicroof, Ecoplast). The stakes of the bands are sampled by mastic or (for PVC) to weld with hot air. Barks are placed plates from mineral wool, such as Light Batts, "Acoustic Batts" (Rockwool) or "ISOVER" ("Saint-Goben") thickness from 80 mm. The heat-sound insulation material should be covered with a layer of vapor-permeable waterproofing, which is best to use diffusion roofing membranes, such as TYVEK (DuPont), "Optima" ("Technional") and others.

New lags can be made of dry antiseptic bars with a cross section of 50 x 70 mm and more; Aluminum products will cost an order of magnitude more expensive (from 260 rubles for 1 p. M), but it will allow to increase the rigidity of the design - the floor will be less fade from loads and vibrate when walking. Lags are mounted with a step of no more than 500 mm, thoroughly aligning horizontally - double plastic wedges are suitable for this purpose.

If it is planned to use a laminate, parquet board, piece parquet or ceramic tile as an outdoor coating, is arranged on top of the lag from one, and better than two layers of waterproof plywood. At the same time, between sheets, as well as around the perimeter, it is necessary to leave compensation gaps of 4-6 mm.

Flooring under carpet or linoleum should be performed from moisture-resistant puzzle chipboard (Quick Deck and its analogs); Lags in this case have more often - with a step of no more than 400 mm, and the clearance around the perimeter of the room is increased to 10 mm (the plates are mounted without gaps, sinking the joints with glue - PVA, latex, polyurethane).

A massive board with a thickness of 35 mm can be fixed directly to lags, significantly saving on the device flooring.

When installing lags, it is necessary to thoroughly align. For this purpose, typest wedges are used, as well as adjustable supports - plastic (a) or more reliable metallic (b). Most modern coatings are placed on a continuous basis, which is not difficult to create with the help of thick plywood (B, d) or other sheet materials

When installing a dry screed, the KNAUF is first spread to the polymer film and laid along the walls of the edge tape, which interrupts the transmission of shock and structural noise from the walls of the walls and vice versa (A, 6). After that, calibrated clay gravel (B) fall asleep and align it with beacons and a long rule with a bubble level (g)

On top of the backfill, a continuous base of low-format Knauf superlists or special elements of the floor (D) is mounted. The joints are sampled by mastic and put off the composition of KNAUF- fugen GW (E)

Parquet costs expensive primarily due to time-folding styling. Each cry must be glued to the plywood (A, B); For this purpose, it is better to use MS-polymers based formulations. Then the surface is twofold (B) and soaked with special oil (g)

Instead, the plywood often use moisture-proof chipboard with 16 mm thick (A, B) and without coating (6).
Shakes of long sides of the plates, even supplied with grooves and crests, should be located on the support (lag)

Repair of draft floors in "Khrushchev"

In brick, panel and block five-story buildings built at the end of the 1950s - the first half of the 1960s, the overlaps are made of fin lump-standing reinforced concrete plates, and the draft floors are usually lag with sandy backfill. The main layers of the floor cake are divided by rubberoid or pergamine.

After breaking the old base, it is possible to store the overlap by waterproofing material, lay new lags and pour the space between them with fine clay gravel (the insulation of the impact noise increases by 4-6 dB). The minus solutions are that lags will have to be attached to the concrete of a dowel, which will weaken the overlap.

Another (very popular) version of the reconstruction is the device of a dry team screed, for example, on the basis of complete systems of the company KNAUF - OP 131 or OP 135, consisting of clay fuses and moisture-resistant gypsum fiber sheets (or made from GVL of special floor elements), as well as laying and Sealing materials. The minimum thickness of such a screed is 40 mm. The design perfectly extinguishes the shock noise (the gain to the own soundproofing ability of the overlap will be at least 18 dB), it weighs little (from 15 kg / m 2 and is quite accessible at a price (from 600 rubles per 1 m 2 taking into account installation). Dry screed may serve as a basis for most coatings, exceptions make up a massive board and piece parquet.

In order to equip the basic screed, the mixture, the mixture is distributed over the surface (A), roll over the rule (b) and the cooler (B). It is allowed to displays cables in a protective sleeve, as well as steel and polymer pipes.

Repair of draft floors in the 1970-90-x panel house

In the houses of increased floors (9-17), which were built from the beginning of the 1970s, the overlap is assembled from round-empty reinforced concrete slabs with a thickness of 220 mm. A concrete screed can be flooded over, but often builders laid a packer packer and strolled the linoleum directly to the overlap, only somehow smoothding the difference in the level difference.

In most ceiling buildings are in satisfactory condition, so it is permissible to arrange a wet tie of the floor. But the stakes of the plates are not sealed at all, besides, the concrete shows perfectly shock noises, therefore, before pouring concrete, it is necessary to put a hydraulic insulating carpet for which the materials "Akuflex Super", "Shumnet-100 Hydro" and their analogues are suitable.

If the maximum overlap level drop is 20 mm (that is, the required thickness of the leveling layer is 40 mm or less), the base layer can be made from cement-sandy solution without metallic reinforcement. In wet premises it will not prevent the add a hydrophobrugous additive, for example, the CC 92 (Ceresit) or the type C (SAZI).

With the calculated thickness of the screed of more than 40 mm, light concrete (say, clamzitoba-tone, the density of which is 1.5-1.7-1.7 times lower than that of the sand-concrete) and reinforcement of the road grid.

Along with the wet recently, the so-called semi-tie screeds made of a dough-shaped cement-sand solution with reinforcing polypropylene fibers use. They are quickly hard and strong enough, but it is more difficult to align a thick and viscous mixture, so you have to top up a rather thick (up to 20 mm) layer of a liquid levelover, such as Vetonit 5000 (veter.vetonit) or CN 68 (Ceresit), or grind the surface with a special machine .

The final alignment is required quickly, because the viability of the liquid solution does not exceed 2 hours.

Therefore, it is necessary to carefully prepare for the start of work: to determine the maximum drop of the level (A) and install point plastic beacons (b).

The solution is quite well spread over the surface (B), but it has to "help" the rakel scraper and remove the air bubbles with a needle roller.

The finishing layer will dry from two to seven days

Typical errors when repairing flooring

An attempt to level the overlap with thin layer materials (plywood with a thickness of K mm. DVP, cardboard, etc.). Overnight will be able to hide only for a short time.

Unreliable lag mount to the base, the use of aligning lines from short-lived materials.

Improper use of waterproofing materials, such as laying on top of the lag and insulation of a polyethylene film that interferes with the evaporation of moisture from the strata of the structure.

Filling a wet screed in a house with a dilapidated overlap or without a hydrochworm insulating substrate.

Laying outdoor coatings on a non-seamless cement-sand tie. If the repair must be finished in a short time, quick-drying levels --vetonit 6000 (Veber. Vetonit), Express-Finish (IVSIL), etc.

Repair screed with your own hands

In the apartment purchased in the market of secondary housing, under the floor can be detected by a concrete tie made during previous repairs. Often, its quality leaves much to be desired or there is a frank marriage. Remove the heavy design is difficult and expensive, especially if it is reinforced by the grid. You have to correct defects. The cracks are expanded, and then poured with polymeric or cement-polymer repairs. In places of more serious faults, the screed must be strengthened by mortgage spiral anchors. If the walls of the concrete lags behind the floor (which happens with incorrect drying), the holes are drilled and injected in the cavity repair. Ortequality smoothes with a plaque for cement floor, for example, Vetonit 4100 (Weber.Vetonil) or "Horizon" ("UNIS"), or topping a thin layer of liquid self-leveling mixture.

Light ties

With very uneven overlap, the required thickness of the screed may exceed 40 mm. In this case, light concrete use. The most affordable is a ceramzite concrete, which is not difficult to prepare on the spot using compact electrical tights. The cost of 1 m 2 ceramzite-concrete screed with a thickness of 50 mm is 500-700 rubles. The monolith from the finished mixture with a light filler (for example, a foam cell) will cost 2-2.5 times more expensive.

Foam concrete ties are almost one and a half times easier, but the solution is difficult for them to prepare on the object, since specific components and / or equipment are required. It is easier to use dry mixes with polystyrene foam crumb. Such concrete is relatively quickly hard and almost does not give a shrinkage.

Black floors: comparison by parameters
Type of foundation	Wooden team (lags + plywood or chipboard)	Collection of flowing (clay gravel + GVLV or CSP)	Wet screed
Surface layer strength	High, usually more than 20 MPa	Low, less than 20 MPa	Medium or high, but only with proper application of the alignment layer
Soundproofing	Satisfactory (reduced impact noise by more than 10 dB) when using vibration-fixing fasteners and styling between the lags of soundproofing mats	Good (more than 15 dB) even with a minimum thickness of 40 mm	Satisfactory or good when using vibration-fixing substrates
Heat insulation	Satisfactory when filling the space between basalt cotton lags	Satisfactory (with a thickness of 50-60 mm) or good (more than 80 mm)	Bad
Moisture resistance		Low. Cannot be used in wet rooms	High

When conducting overhaul in any room, it is very often resorted to the choice of a tie of the floor instead of the old. This is due to the fact that it is not always possible to meet an even foundation for which the floor covering is used even in new buildings or houses with history. As for the device tie, that is, an intermediate layer between the slaughter of the overlap and the coating, in the panel houses, then there are its own characteristics with which it is worth familiar from the beginning of the process. Otherwise, problems can begin not only with neighbors, but also managers.

Concept

In the panel house screed floor, regardless of which option is selected, it is created to strengthen the base. With all this, the floors in the panel house are very high quality. If everything is performed qualitatively and with the observance of technology, the flooring is fixed quickly and simply. In addition, the duration of the operational period of the material used in operation increases.

The screeds are performed in the panel houses also with the goal so that all the repair is not allowed in the rest of the apartment. Smoothness and striking everyone who enters the room. If on its own it is not possible to make a tie of the floor in the panel house, it is best to contact the specialists who will fulfill the entire scope of work in a short time.

When performing a screed, you can not forget about the soundproofing layer. After all, it is for panel houses inherent in the hearingness of neighbors not only from the upper floors, but also from the following. To calmly and comfortably feel in the apartment that when a gear screed device, you should think about this layer.

Types of hardware

All floor alignment options have a different purpose. Some contribute to the formation of a warm floor system, and some act as a finish base. Everything will depend on the specific situation and the desire to perform a smooth floor in all requirements and rules. Screeds are divided into the following types:

Currently, technology has allowed to use in various polymer components. The focus is paid to polypropylene filibre. It replaces the reinforcing mesh or other reinforcement options, which also reduces the entire solution, and, consequently, the pressure on the overlap. These all moments are very important for the panel house, as not always the design allows you to create serious load on the base during operation.

Most often in panel houses apply. With their help is created durable. The height differences that allows you to hide such a design range from 20 to 40 mm. Installation of screed is very simple and comfortable. Does not require special knowledge and serious requirements in the experienced plan. It is very important in this case to arrange a waterproofing layer, after which the fill of the screed is already carried out.

It is worth paying attention to a new popular technique that this technology of the device of the screed in the panel house is very fast and is that it requires the use of special equipment. Its cost is high, for this reason it is best to use in a row. Only with the technique will reach the maximum result in the quality and strength of the surface. compared with, decreases by about 2-3 times.

Preparatory activities

Particular attention should be paid precisely, as it has a special popularity among living in bar houses. To begin with, a number of preparatory activities should be conducted, which include not only the purification of the base from garbage and dirt, removal of dust using a construction vacuum cleaner, but also a waterproofing layer device. Polyethylene film can be used in its capacity. If there are large mortar protrusions between overlapping slabs, they should be cut as if possible to reduce the subsequent thickness of the whole. Cutting with mounting loops.

When preparation was made, it is necessary to make a qualitative markup on the ground, noting the zero level and the level of fill the future screed. All measurements worth producing carefully and accurately, as evenness will depend on them, as well as the thickness of the fill of the solution. In this situation, it is worth paying attention to the fact that not in each panel house will be able to create a large load on the overlap. Especially if it comes to old buildings. Before the start of work, it should be cleaned all before the foundation and, if possible, assess the state.

Soundproofing

The main problem for a panel house is a large amount of noise from the neighbors. When the device screed, you should think about it and arrange additionally, allowing you to reduce the noise level entering the apartment through various sources.

Before aligning panel floors, you should think about high-quality sound insulation. It can use the various components and materials that are presented in the construction market in the assortment. It can be a mineral wool plate with a thickness of 50 to 100 mm. At the same time, they will have a different density on each cubic meter.

Additionally, it can be arranged from available communications. If floating floors are satisfied, then the type "Shumannet-100C" is used. It is performed in two layers from different sides of the tap or other pipe. When the device of bulk floors in the apartment is performed, then you can not forget with one of the layers, which is provided by the technology of obtaining flat floor for the panel house. But it is necessary to decide on when it is possible that the conditions must be observed and presented.

You must not forget about the layer of waterproofing over sound insulation. In addition, it is worth noting that in addition to the heating pipes, additionally soundproofing materials on overlapping should be laid. Here, an excellent option will be the type "SHOYSTOCK-C2".

Floor alignment layers

If you do not deviate from the recommendations of the manufacturer and specialists who have tremendous experience in this, then in the end it will turn out to be all high quality. Practically no noise will come from the following floors. But even the slightest inaccuracies and errors will lead to the manifestation of sounds.

Installation of Mayakov

When performing a cement-sand tie to equalize the base of the floor, you should think about the location. Initially, it is worth choosing their specific option that will play a completely different function depending on the different conditions. Before you know what to make a screed in the apartment, there is a purchase of lighthouses and their installation.

The location of the beacons should be such that on them easily passed the rule when moving the solution. This suggests that the lighthouses should be installed at a distance from each other in the ranks less than the length of the rule is about 15-20 cm. In addition, it should be located at a distance of 30 cm from the walls indoors and strictly by level. It is from the qualitatively completed this stage that the fill of the floor will be dependent with a sandy cement mixture. Everything will come from lighthouses. If it is observed, the floor screed in the panel house will be high quality. In any case, attention should be paid to the thickness that should not exceed the permissible limits. Under certain circumstances, it is generally possible to use clamzite or its analogues to reduce the total mass of the future screed.

The fill process

How the floor screed is performed in the apartment depends on the financial position. Materials There is a huge amount.
It is possible to prepare a solution for filling the floor to prepare independently or acquire the ready-made mixtures with all the necessary components that only a certain amount of water will simply add.

But many people have a question about whether the floor can be poured. It is possible to do this, but it is best to produce a solution to the solution in the entire room in one right. At the beginning of the work, it will not be superfluous to moisten the pre-surface of the solution in contact with the subsequent fill or handle tools to increase the level of adhesion. In this case, the setting will be the best, and therefore, and durable will be necessary.

Flooring the floors will depend on the specific option, as well as the existing experience. In any case, at any time you can invite specialists until everything is spoiled. They will be able to bring everything to a logical completion.

What to do after tie the floor in the apartment? Here it remains only to wait for a complete drying of the solution. But in the process it is necessary to take measures to dry evenly without errors. For this, the surface is covered with a polyethylene film, pre-wetted for several days. It is very important to create the same temperature conditions and humidity in the room until complete drying. The appearance of drafts or low temperatures is not allowed. Even high temperatures can only lead to premature drying of the screed and not to complete the massacre.

All this suggests that it is not enough to fill the screed. It is important to make sure of its ripening. A few days later, it is possible to walk on the surface, but it is forbidden to create loads and have a mechanical impact. All subsequent work, including flooring flooring in the panel house, can be performed only after complete drying of the solution. For cement-sand tie, this period is usually up to 1 month. It all depends on the components and the mixture used.

Laying dry screed

You can not get around the face and, which is most often performed using the technology of Knauff. There are no difficulties in the installation process, the main sequence of all actions. After preparatory measures and creating a layer of waterproofing on the surface, it is possible to sweep the bulk material. It can be a completely any component intended for these purposes. Most often used clay.

After the backfill, performing special plates, which may also differ from each other in the constituent. Plates based often have gypsum with the necessary features and properties.

To connect the plates between themselves and fastening them to the base, a special construction glue is used. Self-tapping screws can remain on the surface when non-compliance with technology, which will immediately be noticeable at. Glue does not create such negative qualities. The surface becomes perfectly smooth.

This method of flooring device in panel houses reduces the time of work before flooring or other finishing finish. Floor alignment is made very quickly and does not create special problems for novice specialists.

There should be no questions with the fact that it is possible in the panel house. It is simply necessary to do this if you wish to create a flat surface and subsequently perform a high-quality flooring. But at the same time, the requirements should be adhered to, the main of which is the thickness of the screed and the load on the overlap.

It is very important until the start of work began to prepare a qualitative basis. From this will depend on the final result. If you move away from the technology of creating a smooth surface, regardless of the selected screed option, the consequences will not wait long for a long time.
We'll have to re-dismantle the coating and disassemble the screed.

The bases to the pouring of the screed will increase the degree of clutch of the solution. The number of layers will depend on the smoothness of the floor in the room. The subsequent layers can be applied only when the prevail's drying. Before application, you should get rid of the existing cracks, chosen and other damage to the base.

The screed level will determine the hydroelectric background. From the "zero level" and all other measurements and calculations of the markup occurs. The process is very responsible, as any other in the technology used.

If you still have a small doubt as a work on our own, it is best to seek help from building brigades. For a certain amount, depending on the volume and type of work, they will create a really smooth floor in a panel house.

The floor in the apartment is the most important part of it. First, the floor is installed on the floor and most of the equipment, washing machine, stove, bath, shower, toilet and other plumbing. With the floor, a person constantly contacts, walks along it, often barefoot. Sometimes you have to lie on the floor, even sleep. The floor should be well adapted to cleaning, as all garbage falls on it, liquids are spilled, the remains of food. The floor separates us from people living in the lower apartment, and comfort in the apartment depends on how well it is isolated.

That is, in addition to the strength, it should protect an apartment From outside sounds and someone else's climate. It is the finished, well-performed floor gives the apartment ensemble completion.

Floor device - the cheapest event. However, variety of materials and methods of its device allows to build a fairly comfortable and aesthetic floor based on the modest budget.

Thus, the floor in the apartment carries the following functional loads, which must be considered when it is:

1. Carrier.
2. Heat.
3. Sound-insulating.
4. Moisture insulating.
5. Aesthetic.

Floor construction in the apartment

The floor in the apartment is mounted on top surface Inter-storey overlap and consists of two main layers:

• intermediate;
• flooring.

In the simplest cases, for example, in the Khrushchev apartment intermediate layer absent. Outdoor coating in it, most often PVC tiles, linoleum, or thin codplanted parquet planks are glued directly to the top surface Concrete slab overlap with bitumen mastic, latex or PVA glue.

At best, the top surface of the plate before shooking was smoothed by a thin layer Cement screed. No wonder that in such apartments hearing and heat qualities leave much to be desired. The horizontal of the floor plane in such apartments is also far from ideal.

In modern houses, the inter-worker floors are complex reinforced concreteor metal structures , supplied heat, moisture-, sound insulation layers. In frame-monolithic structures, overlap most often pour from keramzitobeton- Beautiful insulating material. In these cases, insulating layers should be installed in the intermediate layer if the insulating properties of the overlap are insufficient.

Wooden beam overlap can also contain tELLOWALLOADISHIZATION. Most often it is mineral wool laid between the beams. There may also be provided for a layer of waterproofing. Already on the beams, an intermediate layer is mounted, which can consist of lags, roughing floor, insulating layers of insulation and waterproofing, screed, and on top of the floor coating. The wooden floor, which, thanks to the glued boards, forms a single canvas, can be laid directly on the beams. If the beams are located far from each other, On lags attached to the beams.

The overlap may be absent, for example, at basement or basement rooms. In this case, the floor is mounted on a screed that covers specifically prepared pillow Consisting of rammed sand and rubble layers, lying on the ground.

Types of flooring

The floor in the apartment, unlike the individual house, is arranged at the existing overlap "from builders" in a new house, or on the beam overlap in the old one. For this reason, before laying the floor, it is necessary Carefully Examine overlap. In old houses it is necessary to raise the old floor and conduct an examination of the beams of overlapping. Replace or strengthen damaged beams or replace them with new ones. The best solution will be the replacement of the beam coating with reinforced concrete.

Overlap in new homes, depending on construction technologies It can be made of reinforced concrete panel floors, or in monolithic-frame houses - solid ceramzite concrete.

As beams can be used:

• wooden bar;
• reinforced concrete beam;
• metal profile (TAVRO or I-beam or rail).

Beams are mounted during construction straight into the wall Either concrete rigle mounted into the wall.

Beams can be wooden and concrete. In Khrushchev homes, as overlap most often used multiplass panels which served as the basis for the floor on the one hand and the ceiling on the other.

Overlap from builders except surface defects may have a slope. Therefore, the surface of the overlap is covered with a screed, which solves two questions:

• makes the surface enough smooth for the position of the floor covering;
• makes the surface horizontal.

Cement strainer

The simplest type of screed is a cement screed. Pouring solution is prepared from cement 400 brands and river washed and sainted sand. Currently, there are already ready-made dry mixtures. But it is possible prepare and independently. Composition of the mixture:

1. Sand - 3-4 parts.
2. Cement - 1 part.
3. Water is so much that the solution resembles sour cream.

Sequence of action when installing a cement screed:

After the end of all the work, all the time is hardening, it is necessary daily moisturize the surface Pouring by sprinkling it with water. It is possible to store the moisture to be sealing the surface of the fill with polyethylene.

Term of the final grasp and drying screed 28-29 days.

Semi-dry cement screed

Recently, the dissemination method has spread the method. Its main advantages are:

• a short period of rehabilitation of the mixture, sufficient for laying the floor covering;
• the lack of risk of leaks to the lower floor;
• the ductility of the screed and as a result is the absence of cracks and a cavity after hardened;
• additional heat and soundproof properties.

The composition of the mixture for laying a semi-dry screed differs from wet significantly smallerwater content. In addition, a significant amount of plasticizer is added to the solution - fiber fiber, holding a screed from cracking.

The composition of the mixture is as follows:

1. Pure building sand, dimensional module \u003d 2.0; fraction up to 5 mm - 2 parts.
2. Cement 400D20 - 7 parts.
3. Water - 1 part.
4. Fiber - 700 gr. per 1 cu. m solution.

The laying procedure is the same as in the case of a cement screed with the difference that:

The main advantage of a semi-dry screed is that it is already through 12 hoursit hardens enough so that it can be walking. After 42 hours, it is possible to lay porcelain and tiles on it, and through 7 days- Laminate, PVC tile or linoleum. The fact is that although the semi-dry screed is gaining strength very quickly, moisture evaporates From it, gradually for a month. Therefore, it is better to arrange a parquet floor in a fresh screed after a month of exposure, because even minor evaporation Can spoil dry parquet.

Dry screed

The main advantage of the dry screed is that it can be covered with sex immediately after installation.The intermediate layer of dry screed is formed as follows. Waterproofing in the form of a polyethylene leaf of 0.2 mm is stacked on the surface of the overlap. From above, it falls asleep with a crumbling of clay or sand, which is thoroughly aligned in terms of the level and is compacted by a flat vibrator or rink.

The layer formed in this way is stacked metallic profile, which is covered with dry-fiber plates located in a checkerboard, which are attached mounting self-drawing To this profile. If the backstage has a thickness of more than 7 cm, the upper layer is strengthened by another layer of drying plates. On the finished screed, the floor covering immediately.

Self-leveling floors

In the case when it is necessary to get ideally smoothhorizontal surface ready for linoleum laying, PVC tiles or laminate, the best intermediate layer can be obtained by pouring on well waterproof The basis of a liquid solution of a certain composition. Such a solution is formed by water dilution, in accordance with the instruction attached to each package finished mixturethe large variety of which is currently available in the building materials market.

The mixture consists of cement, gypsum, shallow sand fillers and contains various chemical componentswhich contribute to rapid and uniform spreads, plasticization and stabilization of the resulting coating. Ideal horizontal surface It is formed under the action of gravity. That is why these mixtures are called self-leveling. Various formulations are associated with different conditions and different thickness of the formed coating.

Before the device, the floor should be placed between the beams of heat and sound insulation. It can be mineral wool, clayzit or slag. Porous insulating material largely loses its insulating properties when absorbing moisture or steam. So it needs to carefully isolate moistureproof film, For example, polyethylene or runneroid. If the size of the film is insufficient, its sheets should be imposed on a mustache, taking the edge of the scotch.

1. If the distance between the beams does not exceed 60 cm, then the floor can be laid directly on the beams. If not, then on the beams, perpendicular to their direction at a distance of 50-60 cm fit lags.
2. Lags are put directly on reinforced concrete overlap or tie.
3. Lags are wooden bars with a cross section of 50 × 100 of coniferous wood. When laying it is necessary using the level to set the upper line strictly horizontally. The distance between the lags should not exceed 60 cm.

On the lags superimposed in advance The floorboard, which, thanks to the pin, forms a single floor fabric. In the walls it is necessary to mount ventilation moves, emerging from the walls at a distance of several centimeters from the plinth, closed by openwork hatches. These moves are necessary in order to valled The space between the lags and the bottom side of the board. For greater strength, the boards are attached to the lags by self-drawn, introduced at an angle at the level of the pin in order to hide their heads and get the opportunity to treat a single floor surface by polishing machine.

The best floor board is the red tree and oak, but most often they are made of coniferous woods. Optimal ratio price quality Possess boards from the Siberian larch.

After polishing the floor can be labeled or painted. And in that and in another case it is necessary observe instructionsin painting and, if necessary, pre-primer with special soils. It is essentially lengthen life lifecolorful layer.

The lamps can be laid on the lags, which can be laid PVC tiles, linoleum, laminate as an outdoor coating. For this, the draft floor is covered additional leveling sheet material, such as DVP. The coating of tiles or porcelain stoneware on a wooden coating is possible only under the condition of overpowering reinforced tie.

A draft floor can be dialed out of a geepboard, chipboard, OSP. In this case, additional leveling layer not needed. Parquet flooring on the draft floor.

Types of flooring

Flooring completes floor laying. This is the material that will be addressed to a person will be with him contact directly And which will take on all external influences.

Board

To coating a wooden board, a tipped floor board is used. It represents stretched board In the form of the right parallelepiped, according to one of the narrow faces of which the comb (spool) is elevated for the entire length, and on the other, the opposite, suitable groove. This form allows you to collect the boards so that the spool of one came into a groove of another, and to form a solid boards solid floor fabric.

The thickness of the genital board fluctuates from 25 to 45 mm. The thicker the board, the less "playing", that is, the floor begged. The thinner the floorboard, the less the distance between the lags should be. For example, with a blackboard with a thickness of 25 mm, the distance between lags cannot exceed 60 cm. When installing, gender flooring is needed Leave a gap Between the wall and edge of the floor at least 1 cm on the expansion of moisture and temperature.

The board must be good dried (at least 10% humidity). After installing the wooden floor can be polished, laid out or painted. The slot at the walls, at the end of the installation, covered with a plinth. The sex board is not made from Linden and Alder.

Parquet and laminate

Parquet, in fact, this is a floor board of a small size, having grooves and plots from all sides pairwise. Which allows you to collect the floor cloth from the dies relatively small size.

Parquet is undoubtedly the most friendly in relation to man flooring. However, he is inherent significant drawback. If you get even a small amount of moisture, it is breeding, and when flooding "gets out".

Alternative to parquet is unpretentious laminate. Externally, the laminate is very similar to parquet. In essence, it is a parquet board, but not made of an array of wood, and from four-layer material, the main one carrier layer which is a thin wood fiberboard impregnated with resins. On it, the mounting layer is pasted below, providing rigidity From above, paper, with an inflicted pattern, as a rule, imitating a natural tree, covered with another layer of melomine or acrylic resin, provides wear resistance. Structurally, the boards of laminate repeats shower castle Parquet, which makes it easy to quickly and safely collect coverage.

Linoleum and PVC tile

Linoleum is probably the most common and most universal coating Of all existing now. The first linoleum was a jute burlap, which caused material from cork chips, compressed with flaxseed oil as binder material.He perfectly proven itself for many years as a floor covering material, walls and countertops. The current linoleum retained the basic idea of \u200b\u200btwo layers, fabric and superficial, but also and the other has undergone many changes.

Mainly in modern linoleum as a tissue basis, various woven and nonwoven materials are used, the felt type, which serve simultaneously the basis and insulation. Numerous wear-resistant materials are used as a surface layer, such as PVC in various versions and compositions. Modern technological capabilities allow to imitate on the surface of the linoleum any material and texture And paint it with incredible patterns.

All this allowed to produce incredible assortment For strength, insulating and other possibilities. But a distinctive feature of a linoleum, which favorably distinguishing it from ceramic tiles and stone, is its "warmness" in sensation and Some softness. The dishes that falling on the linoleam floor will not immediately disassemble. And the bruises in the fall on the linoleum will not be painful.

PVC tile is a tile made of a special multilayer composite material based on which lies ground natural stone And very durable vinyl. It is produced in a wide variety of colors. Due to its modularity and variety of colors makes it possible to get an incredibly design decor on the floor. Her main advantages:

• easy laying on bitumen mastic and adhesives;
• easy laying and disassembly makes it easy to replace damaged tiles;
• and cheapness - to change the faded pattern;
• the tile is extremely wear-resistant and fits well to the surface.

PVC tile - the most democratic materialfor floor covering.

Ceramic tile and porcelain stoneware

Ceramic tile one of the oldest facing materials. There were two varieties before:

• facing tile, covered with icing and having a subsellular painting;
• metlah, roarless, rough, for gender.

Now there are also ceramic tiles of various sizes and destination. Their main advantage is the strength of the material and resistance to any aggressive impact. However, in the manufacture of tiles, material and thermal processing modes.

Such countries of tile producers as Spain, Germany, Italy and the Czech Republic have been well established. Choosing a tile of such new market participants as Turkey and China, win in the budget But lose in quality. However, these manufacturers have high-quality products, which saves on the facing. The disadvantages of the floor covering from the tile is slipity If you get moisture, fragility when hit by a heavy object, "coldness" in sensation, hardness, which leads to the fact that the falling glasses and ceramics dishes beats on small fragments, which can imagine some danger For children and domestic animals.

If earlier the installation of the tile was carried out per solution, then with the development of the construction adhesive industry, the installation is made with their help. The main tool is wide spatula With cutouts for applying glue. Glue is applied to the tile, and then the tile is fixed on the prepared surface. You must not forget to leave a small gap between the tiles, for which there is a simple and affordable snap. This clearance is necessary to compensate for the thermal expansion of the tile when changing ambient temperature.The seam is then close to special grouts and improves the aesthetic perception of the surface.

Porcelain stoneware is very similar to the tile, but has a few quality different. Cerambulanants were obtained in Italy in the late 70s and produced by sintering ceramics and natural minerals at very high temperatures and pressure. This process is very similar to natural processes occurring in the depths of the Earth in the formation of granite. As a result, it turned out incredible durable material Superior granite and approaching Corounda.

Technology allows you to paint it in such a way that the tile of it not only imitates all the well-known gems and semi-precious stones, but also allows Any color and drawing, Moreover, distributed over the entire thickness, and not only on the surface. In addition, the material is lighter than natural stone and has additional thermal insulation properties. It is perfectly polished and a few warmer ceramic tile.

The most important advantage of porcelain and ceramic tile is their absolute hygienicity What makes them an indispensable flooring for the bathroom and kitchen.

Conclusion

The topic of the flooring of the floors is very extensive. It's obvious that material manifold And technology makes it possible to build a comfortable, functional and beautiful floor for every taste and for any money. Nevertheless, I would like to note that, despite the simplicity and understandability of the flooring device procedures, it is better for this responsible work. trust a professional Since to obtain a good result, the synthesis of knowledge, experience and practical skills of a person ever-employed work in this important direction are needed.

Dry key screed in panel houses

Panel houses have their own features related to floors. One of them is the differences between the slabs of the overlap. The height of the differences is very different in many homes. Sometimes it can reach 5-6 cm. Such drops we met several times in panel new buildings. Because of this feature, floor alignment with a dry screed is very popular.

To calculate the material that is needed to align the floor in the apartment of the panel house, you must use a laser level. In order to make an accurate calculation, you can call us and invite our wizard to measure and calculate the cost of a dry turnkey screed. Wireless layer of backfill thickness need to be counted, given the drops of slabs of the overlap,

Polyethylene film is used as vaporizolation. In the case of mounting the dry floor on the first floor, the laying of the film is obligatory. It is necessary to prevent moisture penetration into the backfill and elements of the floor from the basement.

To be between the walls and elements of the floor, the edge ribbon is used. The floor element is pressed against it and does not allow the backfill to dust. The tape prevents the transition of vibrations and deformations from the walls side to the floor. It is possible to use the mounting foam instead of the edge tape.

As an alignment base for a dry screed in the panel house, a grainzit of shallow fraction is used, dry backfilling. For alignment - guides and rule.

Engaged in laying floors since 2010. We try to tell in all details and demonstrate to you how the entire workflow is happening the new floor. On our site you can find a large number of photos of our work and see all the nuances of working with technology.

In the apartment you see in the photos, we made floor alignment in one day. Given the delivery of the material, all the work took 8 hours. From 10 to 18. The amount of material was designed in advance. Our wizard went to the customer.

Dry key screed is the main direction of our work. We try to fulfill our work as quickly and efficiently in order not to delay your repair. At the same time, the cost of our work is transparent and not overestimated.

After completion of the installation work, we leave after the finished floor. Dry screed in the panel house performed. We collected all the garbage, cut off the remnants of the edge ribbon. If necessary, you can begin at least the next day.

If you want to make floor alignment in the apartment in stages: first one room, and after some time another, then when using a dry screed, it is not a problem. The replacement of the floor in the room is happening and you will not even have time to feel discomfort from repair. If you have questions, call us: 8-926-440-98-38. You will be answered by a specialist who works directly with technology and is most qualified in matters related to GVL floors.