How to make a wooden staircase with a platform yourself. Making a wooden staircase with your own hands. Pros and cons of wooden stairs

You can turn to professionals for help, but keep in mind that they may not pay attention to minor defects during construction, which can later lead to serious damage and subsequent repairs. Stairs to the second floor, made by yourself, will give you several advantages:

the result will meet expectations;
help save money and nerves;
a staircase made by yourself will become your pride.

If you are limited in funds for the purchase of materials, you can buy cheaper analogues: instead of wood, use chipboard, which can be varnished or painted.

In the pursuit of economy, quality can be overlooked. Although a cheap wooden staircase can also last quite a long time, it will start to creak very soon. In order not to run into this trouble, the ladder must be assembled using silicone sealant which cannot be done without preliminary painting of the parts.

In this article, we will talk about how to make a staircase to the second floor with our own hands from wood and metal, and also show photo and video instructions.

For the manufacture of interfloor stairs concrete with tile or marble cladding, metal (requires a welding machine), as well as wood can be used. The last option is the most practical and convenient. The wooden structure is lightweight, easy to install and beautiful in appearance.

In the presence of a room with a ceiling height of 2.8 m, preference should be given to direct structures, or with a 25% turn of the stairs. The flight of stairs is made with a length of 80 cm. This option allows you to use the space under the stairs for storage. It is impossible not to note the minus: on the upper and lower floors, the free space will be significantly reduced.

To save precious square meters perfect fit screw version stairs, but it is also not without drawbacks:

too steep climb;
small width stairs.

To install a spiral staircase, you will need 3 m² of free space and a lot of work.

Another variant of the ladder device is possible, in which it is located along the wall surface. In this case, it is worth considering two marches and a turn. Thus, you will make it as compact and comfortable as possible for movement.

Calculation of the dimensions of the stairs. Measure the distance between the floors of the first and second floors together with the ceiling. Thus, you determine the height of the structure. The step should have a height of 18-20 cm. Further dividing the height of the stairs by the height of the steps, you will get the total number of steps.
Projection of dimensions on the floor surface. To design a structure, it is necessary to determine the width of the steps (about 30 cm), after which their number must be multiplied by their width. As a result, you will get the projection size.
Production of staircase elements. To make a kosour, you will need a 14 × 16 beam, steps - 4 cm boards, risers - 2.5 cm boards. You will determine the length of the steps yourself, remember that the larger it is, the better.
Pre-sampling. If during the preliminary fitting of the parts everything fits, process each element grinder and assemble the structure. To fix the parts of the stairs to each other, coat all the places where they come into contact with each other with glue (PVA or carpentry) and additionally fix it with screws.
Stain and lacquer finish. First, apply a stain on the surface, and after waiting for it to dry, cover with several layers of varnish.

As design solution you can consider the mortise steps that are inserted into the grooves cut in the stringer:

Make markings on the stringer at the places where the steps are installed. Using a hacksaw and a chisel, cut out the grooves.
In the center of the groove, make several holes with a size of 9 mm.
Screw the turbo coupling into the holes made.
Install the step into the groove and tighten the bolts.

When buying planed wood, the following requirements must be considered:

there should be no dark spots on the surface;
the presence of cracks, chips, roughness and other defects is unacceptable.

Knots (diameter up to 1 cm) can only be present if steps or risers are made from the material. Also pay attention to humidity, the large mass of the board suggests that you should refuse to purchase.

When making a structure without experience, you may encounter certain difficulties, but your desire and desire will help you achieve the desired result.

Now we invite you to familiarize yourself with the technology of manufacturing stairs made of wood. First of all, it is necessary to make drawings with individual structural details. To do this, take a well-dried wood and transfer the appropriate dimensions to it. In doing so, several factors should be taken into account:

The strength and reliability of the stairs will depend entirely on the correct cutting of the stringers. Therefore, their production must be approached responsibly. Moreover, for the kosour, it is necessary to choose a solid board that does not have large knots in in large numbers. The thickness of the board can be 45–50 mm.
The board for risers can have a thickness of 15-20 mm more than allotted for them on the stringer, and the thickness of the riser is also taken into account. The treads themselves must have perfect flat surface with neatly rounded edges. The thickness of the board can be in the range of 30–35 mm.
If you want to make a closed staircase with risers, then their manufacture must also be extremely accurate. Its thickness should not be large, 15-20 mm is enough. In this case, the main load will go to the stringers. The risers themselves play the role of support.
As for balusters and handrails, it is recommended that they be purchased ready-made with stationary mounts.

If you have small children at home, then for safety reasons, install 2 balusters on each step. In all other cases, you can install one at a time.

When all the blanks of the structure are ready, you can proceed to the most important stage of work - the installation of the stairs. All subsequent work looks like this:

Stringers are mounted at the selected location. To do this, fix the support beam on the floor, it is on it that the kosour will be attached. At the top, the fastening is carried out in a cut groove in the beam. In some cases, a metal support is used for fastening. In this case, an anchor bolt is used for fastening. During the installation of the kosour, be sure to check everything by level or plumb.
Before laying the tread sheet, the risers must be screwed on.

After that, treads are fixed on the stringers and on top of the risers with self-tapping screws in the direction from bottom to top.
After that, the installation of balusters is carried out.

So, on top of the stairs and below you mount support drains. They will serve as the border of the handrails and also support the railing.

In addition, the support posts serve as a decoration. Therefore, they are often made using wood cutting.

Balusters, in turn, may have different shape, dimensions and methods of fastening. Some, for example, are simply screwed on with self-tapping screws, others are mounted in pre-drilled holes. But in any case, the attachment point must be closed with a decorative plug. Further work is as follows:

On top of the installed balusters, fasten the railing to the extreme support posts. Additionally, 1 or 2 additional support posts can be installed in the middle.
When using two, three or more support posts, instead of balusters between the posts, you can install several boards parallel to the slope of the stairs.
At the next stage, you can start grinding with an emery or grinder. After that, a paint coating is applied.

The first layer acts as an antiseptic against rotting and the appearance of mold / fungus. The design should dry out, after which you can proceed to the main painting.

The stairs are varnished water based, hot wax or paint. You can also cover the wood with stain, which will slightly darken the structure. Everything depends on your desire.

Thus, the wooden staircase is ready for operation.

Ladder, made of metal, requires a lot of labor, plus not everyone has the skills to work with welding machine. And yet, if you are ready to complete the work of such a plan, then you need to prepare such a set of tools:

Welding machine and electrodes for direct currentØ3.2 and 1.6 mm.
Protective mask of the welder.
Mittens.
Bulgarian and cutting discs 125 × 1.6 mm.
Grinding disc 125 mm.
Drill and a set of drill bits for metal.
Metal table.
Clamp that can be adjusted in height from 0 to 800 mm.
Vice.
Pencil.
Square.
Roulette.
Metal paint.
White Spirit.
Primer.

With all this, as well as suitable material, you can proceed to installation work. As for the selection of material, this can be done according to the completed drawing. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the principle of manufacturing a metal staircase on two stringers.

It is worth noting right away that the whole process consists of the following phased actions:

Production of blanks.
Filly making, i.e. step attachment points.
Corner welding.
Kosour installation.
Welding steps and railings.
Sanding and priming/painting.

All work should be done slowly, strictly adhering to all dimensions of the drawing. Otherwise, any small distortion will be problematic to fix, moreover, it will spoil the appearance of the finished structure. So, the work is carried out as follows:

From the corners it is necessary to make fasteners for the steps (filly). In relation to each other, they should be mirrored.
You can make fillies from a corner. To do this, cut out the samples and dock the corners together. The result should be L-shaped blanks with shelves down and inward. Depending on the number of steps, you make a pair of fillies. One of them will be on the left, the other on the right.
Between each pair of corners, weld brackets for fastening the steps and crossbars. The crossbar is similarly made from a corner.
To increase the strength, you can install small scarves from the bottom of the step towards the stringer.
Now take a square profile pipe and make markings on it, or rather, on its edge. On it you can weld fillies to the kosour. Transfer exactly the same markup to another kosour. As a result, it will be possible to achieve the geometry of the entire structure.

If the metal staircase has a width of more than 1.2 m, then you will need to install an additional stringer.

Next, you need to mount the kosour. At the bottom, it is welded to the support platform, and at the top it is fixed to the floor slab or to the wall with anchors. In each case, the method of fastening may differ. Therefore, be guided by the features of your opening. During this process, it is important to stick to the level. Moreover, two stringers must be strictly on the same level. In conclusion, it remains to weld the steps to the fillies. As an option, you can install wooden steps on the filly. But for this you need to use mounting bolts.

The uppermost step should be installed as close as possible to the wall (if the stringers are anchored to the wall). Next, weld the fence. At the same time, install it on the side so as not to reduce the width of the steps.

When arranging the railing, you can use forging or purchase prepared elements. Here again, it all depends on your personal taste and vision of the final result.

When all welding work is completed, it's time to grind all welding joints. It is also necessary to eliminate all burrs and notches. Using a wire brush, sweep away all particles. After that, the surface of the stairs is primed and painted in the desired color.

If the steps are wooden, then their installation is carried out after the paint has dried.

Finally, you can decorate the stairs. For example, trim the steps from the bottom side with wood. It is also possible to make fences from of stainless steel. Lay out steps ceramic tiles. Due to this, a seemingly careless and bulky design will acquire beautiful outlines and will be an excellent addition to the interior of the house.

Although this whole process may seem easy, working with metal is very tedious. Unlike working with wood, when it is easy to fix defects in case of shortcomings, it is much more problematic with metal. However, the life of the entire structure significantly exceeds its analogue from wood.

If we talk about attractiveness and a bright element of the interior, then competitors to the spiral staircase can hardly be found. If properly constructed, it will last long years. It can be made both from wood and from metal with forging elements. There are 4 main types of spiral staircases:

Design with wedge-shaped steps, which with a narrow side rest on a supporting central column, and with a wide side on a wall or a fabricated frame. In this case, spiral bowstrings are constructed on stringers.
Separately standing structure, remote from the walls with cantilevered steps on a monolithic pillar placed in the center.
Design without central support post. The steps are supported by curved bowstrings or stringers, which smoothly pass into the railing. This option is very beautiful and sophisticated. However, it is very difficult to manufacture.
Design with a central support rod (asbestos-cement or steel pipeØ50 mm). This type of ladder is the most common.

As practice shows, the most convenient spiral staircases with a span of 0.8–0.9 m wide. As a result, the diameter of the entire ladder construction will reach up to 2 m, this is taking into account the central support post and railings. If we talk about the shape of the stairs, then it can be round, square, rectangular or oval.

If the traffic intensity in your house is small, then the total diameter of the stairs is enough to make up to 1.5 m. In this case, the treads will have a width of up to 0.6 m.

It is also necessary to consider the ergonomics of the spiral staircase. The principle of the size and height of the steps is the same as on ordinary straight stairs, we have already talked about such measurements above. But there are some features, namely comfortable height lift for a person. For example, we suggest you consider the option of a spiral staircase, 3 m high and 0.8 m march wide.

The calculations are presented below:

The total diameter of the stairs with such dimensions is equal to the double width of the march, and the thickness of the support post is 20 cm. As a result, we get the following - D = 0.8 × 2 + 0.20 = 1.8 m.
The lifting radius is equal to half the width of the flight of stairs and support: Rn \u003d 0.4 + 0.1 \u003d 0.5 cm.
Now, dividing the length of the trajectory of movement by the depth of the tread, we can determine the number of steps in one turn: L \u003d 2 π: 200 \u003d 2 × 3.14 × 500: 200 \u003d 17.2. As a result, in one turn flight of stairs maybe 17 steps.
It is also necessary to calculate the ergonomic step height. This must be done from the point of view that a person in full growth can move freely. Take for example a height of 1.8 m, add operational 20 to this value and divide by the number of steps in one turn. As a result, it turns out like this: h \u003d 2000: 17 \u003d 120 mm.

If the spiral staircase has a height of 3 m, then to determine the number of steps, perform the following steps n \u003d 3000: 120 \u003d 25. The result is 25 steps, 12 cm high.

In order for the spiral staircase to be durable and easy to use, it is important to observe the following rules:

On a spiral staircase, it is better not to install risers. This will increase the safety of the structure, and the foot will rest well on the step and not slip off the step in a narrow place.
If the height of the passage is 2 m, then even tall man can move comfortably up the stairs.
To install the support stand, choose a place that will support the weight of the entire structure and 2-3 people.

For steps, it is best to choose a durable wood, such as oak or beech. Although it is much easier to buy ready-made steps. For example, you buy a step rectangular shape, and cut out the necessary configuration from it. The thickness of the product can be 40mm or 30mm. If one step is divided diagonally, then the result will be two steps at once. The edges of the workpiece must be rounded and sanded with a grinder. Then you can cover them with varnish or paint. A special sleeve should be fixed on the step, which will hold it on the support post.

Modern cottages and private houses suggest the presence of 2 or more floors, and the topmost of them can be both residential and non-residential. Either way, you need a ladder.

Independently make a reliable interfloor or attic stairs from concrete or metal structures is quite difficult, which cannot be said about wood.

Even a novice master can assemble it.

From this article you will learn what types of wooden stairs are, what are their differences, what material is used to make spans. In addition, each of you will be able to make a wooden staircase to the second floor yourself - in the article we will give approximate calculations and photos.

Types and types of structures

There are several species wooden staircase designs

Marching stairs. Easy to manufacture and convenient to use, but require a large area of the room. The staircase of the march structure can be placed along the wall or mounted in the middle of the room;
. Usually located in a limited space. Because throughput construction is very small, it is better to navigate through it one at a time. A spiral staircase (if you build it yourself) will cost much less than other structures, and will last about the same;
Combined stairs. Can be used in the construction of a private house, if the layout allows. Most often, mid-flight stairs with a screw element are made.

Construction types wooden stairs distinguish the following:

stairs on the bolts- steps are attached to huge hinged bolts (balusters);
stairs on bowstrings- a flight of stairs is mounted to a beam with special cutouts on the inside end-to-end;
stairs on kosoura. Kosour - an inclined beam, on top of which steps are attached.

What kind of wood can be used to make stairs

Material selection for depends on the preferences of the owner of the house or apartment, the characteristics of the tree and the cost of it. Various breeds have their advantages and disadvantages:

Maple. The ladder from this breed will turn out to be the strongest and most durable. Color - light brown. The disadvantage of maple stairs is the high price.
Larch. The color of the structure is golden yellow or dark yellow with brown streaks. Fine tolerates external influences. The larch staircase will turn out to be strong and solid.
Oak. The peculiarity of oak stairs is that the older they are, the darker the shade.
Spruce. The most popular material due to its low cost. Spruce wood has a uniform structure and a light shade.
Pine. Due to the low density of the wood, it is very easy to process. An added advantage pine is low cost material. The disadvantage of a pine staircase is a short service life. A pine ladder is best installed in the country house where it will be used. seasonally.

Pros and cons of wooden stairs

Wooden stairs have their advantages and disadvantages. Let's get acquainted with them in more detail.

Positive sides:

Low cost of building materials;
environmental friendliness of wood;
ease of processing;
the possibility of mounting with your own hands;
light weight;
aesthetic appearance.

Negative sides of wood:

Low strength compared to concrete or metal stairs;
wood - natural material and it tends to deteriorate and change. Therefore, after some time, preventive work may be needed;
fire hazard of the material.

Materials for the manufacture of stairs

For stairs to the second floor You will need:

Bars for steps;
beams for risers (foot supports);
boards;
beams wide 30 - 40 mm;
beam for kosour - 50*240mm;
screws, self-tapping screws;
wood glue;
building level, square, tape measure;
handrails and, but they are best purchased at a hardware store.

Ladder design calculations

If you decide to make a wooden staircase do it yourself, think over the nuances of the design: determine its dimensions, calculate the number of steps and supports. It is important to first imagine what function the staircase will perform: connect the floors or lead up to the attic. (Information on self-insulation of the attic can be read).

Draw scheme it's easy too. Most often, a straight marching staircase is made. It connects the first floor with the second, and reaches a height of several meters. For convenience, the angle of inclination of the structure should be equal to the value in 30-40 degrees.

Note! Wooden houses shrink significantly in the first two years after construction, so the angle of inclination may change.

So, for your convenience, we will provide basic calculations staircase elements (for example, a wooden one) standard designs:

Base length - 3.5-4 m;
flight of stairs - 2.5 m;
step width - 30 cm;
step height - 15-20 cm.

Necessary calculations

1. We define ladder height. Average value from ceiling to floor - 250 cm. Add the thickness to this value. interfloor overlap. Its mean value 35 cm. We get:
  250+35=285 cm

1. calculate number of steps: Divide the height of the stairs by the height of the step. The last value (i.e. the height of the steps) is better to take the average - 17 cm. We get:
  285cm/17cm=16.76

The value is rounded to big side. Total we get 17 steps.

1. determine step width. It is believed that the allowable width of the tread (flat facing part of the step) can be in the range from 22-40 cm. In Russian practice, to calculate the width of the step and rise (risers), the formula is used: a + b = 47 cm, where but- riser height b- step width. We get:
  47-16.67=30.3cm

The value is rounded up to 30 cm. - this is the width of the step.

1. the width of the flight of stairs must be a multiple of the width of the step. In our case, this value can be equal to 60 cm, 90 cm, 120 cm. etc.
2. calculate ladder length. The length of the stairs is equal to the product of the number of steps and their width. We get:
  17*30= 480cm

calculate stringer length. We make calculations according to the Pythagorean theorem: the sum of the squares of the legs is equal to the square of the hypotenuse. I.e A²+B²=C². In this formula:
BUT- kosour height,
IN- the length of the flight of stairs,
FROM- the length of the kosour. We get:

230400 + 81225 = 311625
The root of this number is 558.23 cm. can be rounded up to 560 cm.

Advice! If it is difficult to make geometric calculations, then you can draw a staircase on paper in an appropriate scale and measure the angle and length of the base.

Ladder assembly

Before proceeding with the assembly of the stairs to the second floor, you need to decide on place of installation of stringers (load-bearing structure flight of stairs). Mounting stairs (in our case, a marching structure) includes several stages:

1. Installation of stringers. lower part we fix the kosour with a support bar. From above we cut the kosour into the beam of the ceiling.

grinding stairs, protective coating.
varnishing And painting. To do this, use a roller or brush. paint over ladder needed in 2-3 layers, each subsequent layer must be applied after some time, so that the previous layer has time to dry.

The cost of the finished staircase

Those who decide to buy ready a wooden ladder or make it order, should be aware that the cost will depend on the complexity of the design and the type of wood.

For example, the most common design of a mid-flight staircase with a turn to 90 degrees from pine will cost 60-80000 rub., from birch - 100,000 rubles.,from oak - 150,000 rubles.

You can order a wooden staircase in a specialized store or on company websites. Manufacturing stairs on average 5-10 working days.

To make a wooden staircase yourself or order from specialists - it's up to you. Self-assembly not fast process but it also has its advantages. First of all, this saving cash and visual Quality control building materials.

How to make a wooden staircase with your own hands tells this video.

During construction frame house sometimes the question arises how to build a wooden staircase? Most of the projects involve the presence of a second or attic floor. Stairs come in a wide variety of materials.

But wood is the most popular and simple material as well as eco-friendly and convenient. Anyone can handle this material. Building and installing stairs with your own hands is a tangible cost savings.

There are two main types of wooden stairs - spiral and mid-flight.

Mid-flight stairs are the most common and simple, and if you are new to construction, choose this kind of stairs.

As a rule, such schemes are in electronic format. There are special computer programs and applications that allow you to create such models. Professional programs for construction organizations have a 3D function. Although, this is not at all necessary for the construction of a marching staircase, the usual one on paper will suffice.

Standard interfloor wooden stairs are installed on stringers or bowstrings. The difference lies in the following: the bowstrings are located on the side of the steps, and the stringers are under the steps.

A marching ladder usually has two side bowstrings. Its steps are attached on both sides. Consider the installation and installation of stairs with just such a technology.

Installation of a marching staircase

Initially we make detailed diagram for stairs and its parts. We pre-cut the steps from the boards, make 2 bowstrings and special supporting bars. Next, we connect the steps with bowstrings. Under each step we make a supporting bar. We mount all bowstrings to the floor and to the walls.

Kosuar and bowstrings

Spiral interfloor wooden staircase

Oak spiral staircase

If you can’t build a staircase with your own hands, then you can opt for a finished screw wooden structure. The advantage of this staircase is that it will significantly save space in the house.

It is important to take into account when building a spiral staircase its angle of inclination. If it is too steep, it can be hazardous to health, especially if there are children and elderly people in the house.

An easy way to install and install a spiral staircase is to buy a ready-made, measured design. on the installation will also bring you significant benefits.

A spiral wooden staircase consists of three main parts: a rack, a railing and steps. When choosing wood for stairs, choose oak. It is not only one of the most durable materials, but also differs beautiful view and excellent features.

Before buying a spiral staircase, measure the dimensions in detail in order to choose the right design for your home. There is another option - to hire a specialist who will take all the measurements himself, and after that already place an order for the stairs. If you have building skills, you can make the steps yourself, ordering only the rack and railing. Usually racks and railings are made to order, chiseled, although there are also rectangular ones.

The device of the spiral staircase

On the one hand, the steps are attached to the rack, and on the other, they have holes for the railing.
Racks are mostly metal. They have a flange to which steps are attached.
The most common staircase design is "in duck step". It involves a special form of steps.
The rack is mounted between floors. It is attached to the floor with anchor bolts.

After installing the rack, the steps are installed. The distance between the steps should not exceed 20 cm. This is necessary for your safety. When assembling and installing steps, make sure that the last rung of the stairs fits exactly to the floor of the second floor.

At the spiral staircase, like the marching one, there are many decorative elements and details. And each set has its own decorations and different details, and elements of fasteners. When installing and assembling a simple mid-flight staircase, the calculation is different, the geometry of the opening here is rectangular. The opening at the spiral staircase is a circle.

If you decide to order a finished wooden staircase, then contact a trusted and reliable company, with good reviews. Buy a ready-made wooden staircase or make it yourself with your own hands.

Staircase painting

Stair painting

Painting stairs is divided into three main parts:

preliminary preparation of all the details of the stairs;
painting stairs and its details;
painting the stairs with a protective varnish layer.

Before starting work, you need to prepare each element of our stairs for painting. And this means: and. Puttying must be done with special mixtures for wood. The use of compounds that are not suitable for wood is strictly prohibited.

When the putty layer has dried, we proceed to polishing the surface. Grinding takes place in two stages. The first stage is rough, it is also called superficial. After that, you have to wait a few days. You will notice that lint forms on the surface of the wood. Blow them with air before the second sanding.

After the completion of the grinding work, the board will become perfectly flat and smooth. Now feel free to start applying the first coating.

Before you start painting, apply a coat of primer to the wooden stairs. And it is better to choose a primer to match the paint.

When choosing a paint, stop your attention on alkyd or urethane types of coating. Such paints are ideal for a flight of stairs. From colors choose lighter colors.

If desired, instead of paint, you can use, or use stain or varnish. The advantages of wood stain are that it perfectly emphasizes and highlights the unique pattern of wood. Your staircase will look perfect. Choose stain along with varnish. And don't skimp on the purchase. The better coloring composition the longer the ladder will last. Stain is not only decorative trim but also protection from various factors.

After the paint has dried, apply finishing layer varnish. Choose from a matte or semi-matt finish. Lacquering is carried out in three stages. Moreover, before each subsequent application, the previous layer of varnish must dry. If air bubbles form on the varnish, then after painting, simply sand them.

If you have already built two-storey house or you are the owner of a two-level apartment, then the topic of building a staircase on the second floor will be of interest to you.

In order to acquire a comfortable and high-quality ladder system, you have only three ways: buy already finished structure in a specialized store, order the necessary model to a carpenter, make a ladder with your own hands.

For those who chose the third option, this article is devoted. In it you will learn a lot useful information about the staircase structure, as well as get acquainted with the step-by-step detailed instruction for the manufacture of stairs in photo and video.

For owners of a two-level dwelling, the staircase of the second floor is a necessary attribute of the interior

What are the stairs - a little theory

Before you start building stairs with your own hands, you need to decide on the type of construction that will be most suitable for your home.

Types of stairs by design type

We will choose a system from three types:

Marching.
Screw.
Combined.

Let's take a look at each of them a little.

Marching

This type is the easiest to manufacture and therefore, if you decide to make a staircase with your own hands, then this option will be the most suitable for you.

Single-march designs, despite their apparent simplicity, can be beautiful and spectacular.

Marching stairs, in turn, are divided into types:

single-march;
two-march;
multi-march.

Both the first and second types are considered not difficult to manufacture and are in the greatest demand.

screw

Such stairs are a spiral going up to the second floor. This type saves a lot of room space, but it is labor-intensive in production.

The spiral staircase is original and beautiful, but it is better to entrust its production to professionals.

Combined

These systems combine the two previous types. Their manufacture is the most difficult and therefore for self erection does not fit.

Combined systems are more complex in production and it will be quite difficult for a beginner to mount them.

We make a ladder with our own hands - instructions for making

First, we will determine the material of manufacture and prepare the tool necessary for the job.

Material selection

For the production of a ladder structure, you can choose:

wood;
stone;
concrete;
metal;
plastic.

For the manufacture of stairs, you can use the most various materials

by the most suitable material for self-manufacturing stairs is definitely natural wood. Its advantages are obvious:

environmental friendliness and safety;
non-toxicity;
ease of processing;
relatively economical price;
long service life.

Therefore, for the construction of our stairs, we will choose natural wood. It is best if it is pine wood - spruce, pine. You can also use ash, beech, maple, oak, birch and other species.

Natural wood is the most the best choice for the production of stairs with their own hands

So, we have decided on the type of structure being built - this is marching ladder. They also chose the easiest to process and environmentally friendly material - natural wood. The next step is to prepare the necessary tool.

Cooking tool

For the manufacture of wooden stairs with our own hands we need:

Measuring devices - tape measure, ruler, level.
Electric drill of manual type.
Hacksaw for woodworking.
Screwdriver.
Hammer.
Electroplaner.
Sandpaper.

Optimal set necessary tools

Preparing the basic elements

Before installing the ladder system, it is necessary to prepare the following details:

Processed boards of the required dimensions (according to the drawing).
Bars for the production of steps.
Step boards.
Bowstrings or stringers (depending on the type of construction).
Railings, balusters, handrails - these parts can be bought ready-made.
Fasteners - screws, screws, bolts.

This figure shows in detail all the components of the structure.

The main stages of installation

In order to make a high-quality staircase with your own hands, use the following manufacturing instructions in photos and videos.

Stage 1. Schematic drawing

Let's draw a drawing on which we denote the main elements of the future design.

Stage 2. We perform the necessary calculations

Performing design calculations is probably the most exhausting process, but it still needs to be done. You can do this in a few steps:

determine the height of the structure - to calculate it, measure the distance from the floor plane of the first level to the floor of the 2nd floor. This will be the length of the march;
we determine the height of the steps - usually the most optimal height for a person of average height is 17 centimeters;
we calculate how many steps and risers are needed - for this, we divide the height of the stairs, which we have already measured, by the height of the steps (17 cm);

Before making a ladder, it must be calculated

tread width - for comfort when walking smallest value this parameter should be equal to 22 cm, and the largest - 40 cm.

Stage 3. Making a kosour

We cut the beam prepared for this part to the desired size and cut out the notches right size to install steps.

Stage 4. Checking the kosour

To do this, we attach it to the place where the stairs will be located, if necessary, we make adjustments to the part.

This diagram shows detailed calculations of the kosour

Stage 5. We fasten the stringers

We attach the stringers and fasten them together to upper beam with anchor bolts.

We fasten the stringers securely anchor bolts

Stage 6. Installation of risers

Attaching the risers to the stringer is carried out using self-tapping screws.

The construction of stairs in the house is not an easy process, but doable. The main difficulty lies in calculating the angle of inclination and span parameters, because not only ease of use, but also the durability of the structure depends on this. durable and beautiful staircase to the second floor with your own hands - this is an opportunity to test your strength and gain experience for further home improvement.

First you need to decide on the type of stairs in order to correctly make calculations. The most commonly used stairs in the house are wood, concrete and metal; according to the configuration, they are straight, rotary and screw. There are also combined designs of varying complexity.

Concrete products require a very strong base and a lot of time to manufacture, but at the same time they are the strongest and most durable. Mounting metal structures it will not be difficult for those who know how to use welding, and anyone who is familiar with the technology of this process can make a wooden staircase.

A direct flight staircase to the second floor is considered the easiest to install; it consists of a small number of parts, takes up little space, does not require complex calculations. Screw structures used where there is little free space; they look very elegant, but are not always easy to use. It will be problematic to lift something large and heavy along such steps. Multi-span structures are more difficult to build, but they are ideal for homes where long distance between floors.

simple wooden staircase

A single-flight staircase consists of stringers, railings, treads and risers. The tread is the horizontal part of the step, the riser is the vertical part. Stringers are load-bearing structural elements with special cutouts along the upper edge for fastening steps. Instead of stringers, bowstrings are often used - load-bearing beams with grooves for steps. Riser and railings are optional, but for convenience and safety, it's better to have them.

The height of the stairs is equal to the distance between the floors plus the thickness of the floors. To simplify the calculation of the length of the span and base, you first need to determine the parameters of the steps. If elderly people and children live in the house, the optimal step height is 15 cm, for the rest, a height of 20 cm will be more convenient. It is not recommended to make the riser even higher, as the rise will be too steep and less comfortable.

The width of the step is 20-30 cm, and here a lot depends on how much space can be taken under the stairs. The wider the steps, the more space the structure takes up. When suitable dimensions are selected, the number of steps and the length of the base can be calculated. To do this, divide the height of the stairs by the height of the riser, round the resulting value to an integer, and then multiply by the depth of the tread. For example, if the total height is 3 m and the height of the riser is 20 cm, 15 steps will be required:

3000:200=15

With a step width of 25 cm, the length of the base is 15x250=3750 mm.

Manufacturing technology

When the calculations are made, you can begin to manufacture the elements of the stairs. For stringers, very dense hardwood is needed, because they must support not only the weight of the structure, but also people. A template is cut out of thick cardboard, on which the cutouts correspond to the size of the steps, and the slope is equal to the angle of the stairs. At the ends of the stringers, grooves are cut out for attachment to the base and upper floors, after which they are marked according to the template.

For further work you will need:

jigsaw;
grinder;
building level;
anchor bolts;
drill;
hammer.

With an electric jigsaw on the stringers, protrusions are made according to the marking, then they are processed on both sides with a grinder. Holes for fasteners are cut out in the floor beams or metal supports are installed. On the floor of the first floor, along the line of the lower step, a support beam is installed and fixed with anchor bolts. After that, the installation of the stringers is carried out, be sure to check the angle of inclination with the help of a level. At the bottom and at the top, the stringers are fixed with anchor bolts.

The next step is the manufacture of steps. To do this, take dry boards with a thickness of 36 mm; their width should be equal to the width of the steps or be slightly larger. For risers, boards with a thickness of 20 mm or more can be used. The length of the blanks must correspond to the width of the stairs - from 80 cm to 1.2 m.

After trimming, each workpiece must be sanded to remove sharp cuts and bumps. The installation process of the steps is very simple: the lower cutouts of the stringers are coated with carpentry glue and the risers are applied, leveling along the edges. Fix them with screws and lay on top of the steps. Glue is needed so that under load wooden elements didn't creak.

Alternately laying all the steps, proceed to the installation of the railing. Railings consist of balusters and handrails; for the manufacture of balusters, a square beam or figured blanks made of wood are used. Balusters are installed either on each step, or through one, depending on the slope and length of the span. Self-tapping screws are used as fasteners, which are often closed with special plugs for beauty. If the staircase to the second floor is located in the center of the room, the railing can be installed on both sides.

The finished structure is polished again and treated with an antiseptic primer. After that, you need to cover the tree with varnish, paint or other composition that does not form a too smooth surface. If the steps are rough, this will increase their safety for the household. The coating is applied in 2 or 3 layers, with each layer being completely dry before applying the next.

In a spacious house with concrete floors the second floor, you can make a staircase of concrete. Most often, two types of structures are mounted in houses - monolithic and combined, in which only the kosour is concrete. The second option looks more attractive and elegant. For the manufacture of concrete stairs formwork and a very solid foundation are required.

In the process of work you will need:

edged board, upholstered with a film, or waterproof plywood;
durable timber 100x100 mm;
knitting wire and fittings;
self-tapping screws;
concrete mortar.

Formwork boards are chosen with a thickness of 3 cm, the thickness of plywood should not be less than 18 mm. All dimensions are calculated in the same way as for a wooden staircase, but the base must be as strong as possible. They start with the formwork assembly: boards or plywood are knocked down according to the drawing, observing the angle of inclination and preventing the formation of cracks.

The finished formwork is installed between floors and fixed with wooden bars. After that, reinforcement is laid out inside the frame, tying the transverse rods with wire. In places where the railings are installed, corks made of wood are fixed, and then the formwork is poured with a ready-made solution. You need to fill the frame immediately, otherwise the solidity of the base will be broken.

When the concrete sets well, the formwork is removed, and the surface of the steps is periodically moistened to avoid cracking. You can start finishing only after complete drying and hardening of the concrete. For the manufacture of a combined staircase, the kosour is poured in exactly the same way, but the formwork is made much narrower and takes into account the installation of steps.

For decoration monolithic construction use wood, stone, tiles and other materials. When cladding, the weight of the material should be taken into account, because tiles and stone have a greater load on the base than wooden panels. Any steps can be attached to a concrete kosour, such a base goes especially well with a tree.

For the manufacture and installation of direct metal stairs on the second floor you will need:

steel channel No. 10;
metal corners;
welding machine;
sheet iron;
file and grinder with a nozzle for grinding.

The channel is cut into pieces and a frame is assembled from them according to the size of the stairs. Corners are welded to the side faces of the frame at regular intervals equal to the height of the step. All corners should be parallel to each other. To make it easier to install the structure, the steps are welded after mounting and fixing the frame.

The upper ends of the frame are securely fixed with anchor bolts to the ceiling of the second floor, the lower ends are fixed to the floor. Next, sheet metal steps are welded and railings are attached. Upon completion of the assembly, the joints are ground with a nozzle or processed with a file, after which they are coated with an anti-corrosion primer.

This design takes up little space and looks more decorative. With a height of 2.5 m, you will need to make about 15-17 steps; the diameter of the base will be about 2 m. The most common way to install spiral staircases is to string trapezoidal or triangular steps on the central axis. The narrow part has a width of 15 cm, the wide one is 30-35 cm.

To make a spiral staircase yourself, you will need:

steel pipe with a diameter of 50 mm;
pipe with a diameter of 55 mm;
wooden slats for the template;
corners for steps;
welding machine;
file;
primer.

The smaller diameter pipe is the center post, so its length must correspond to the distance between the first and second floors. For greater stability of the structure, it is recommended to concrete the rack at the base, after setting it vertically. A pipe of larger diameter is cut into cylinders about 25 cm long. The cuts must be strictly perpendicular, otherwise the steps cannot be aligned horizontally.

It is very important that the cylinders fit tightly on the central tube and do not form backlash. If tight docking does not occur, seal rings will be required.

For the manufacture of steps, it is convenient to use a template from the rails. Wooden slats glued together so that the corners inserted into the frame form a step of the specified parameters.

Each stage is welded to its cylinder and carefully polished. After the manufacture of all the elements, you can begin to assemble the structure. The steps are put on the axial pipe, set the angle and tightly welded to the axis.

The final stage is the fastening of the railing and finishing. Railings may consist of fittings, chrome-plated tubes, thin profile; look very elegant forged railing. Everything metal surfaces must be sanded and treated with a primer, painted.

Similarly, a spiral staircase to the second floor is assembled from wooden steps. Wood blanks are made in the form of a trapezoid, in the narrow part of which a hole with a diameter of 50 mm is drilled. With the help of special seals, the steps strung on the axis are fixed on B-pillar. Next, railings are installed, the tree is primed and painted, decorated with decor.