How to create the right sound insulation of wooden inter-storey floors. WHAT HAPPY WORLD CONSTRUCTION BOALS Overlapping 2-way beams Wooden noise insulation
The challenge of overlappings in the building is to carry out carrier and enhancement functions, to provide spatial rigidity of the structure, its stability, separating the floors, combine the walls, transmitting the load to them. In low-rise construction there are several options for arrangements. One of them is the overlap of metal beams. They can also be used for the device of attic and basement overlap.
Advantages of metal overlaps
Metal structures Unlike wooden beams are more reliable in terms of fire safety, resistance to the biological threat (mold, fungus). They are:- it is much stronger than wooden beams, with a lesser thickness withstand heavy loads. Their use allows you to save space, give more useful space;
- can be laid on spans up to 24 meters. A 2-meter (channel) section of the metal retains static, steady changes to the amplitude of the overlaps, are not subject to deflection.
The high weight of the metal may require the use of the crane when mounting the design. Amend the size of the beams, trimmed or increase them using the welding machine, it will be very difficult. As a result, it is necessary to very accurately remove the sizes of the spans before ordering metal rolling in the enterprise.
The only limitations in the use of floor beams are the financial side, as well as the size, type of structure. The carrier part of the construction, the walls of the building must withstand the weight of the metal, so before buying materials, it is necessary to calculate the load on the beam overlaps.
Calculation of beam overlaps
When choosing a cross section of foreign beams, a channel or a corner, take into account the installation step (no more than one meter), the width of the span, the total load from the roof and the roll. For an attic overlap, the estimated value is 75 kg / sq. m. When device of inter-storey and base floors, the workload increases almost twice (150 kg / sq. m), so the cross-section of the varietal rolled products also increase. He must have sufficient bearing capacity.Types of inter-storey floors for metal beams
During the construction of private houses, cottages onto the floor beams are made:- wooden when the openings between the chapels are filled with boards. This is a variant of the combustable fill;
- using a lightweight reinforced concrete plate (non-aging filling);
- monolith;
- monolithic for carrying professional flooring, the latter has a high profile and additional ribs.
When using precast concrete slabs, they are placed on the upper and lower heels of the heap, making the zackecan with cement mortar of the lower railway plates and pouring sound insulation on them. The beams are welded from the bottom, which plastered the ceiling. From above, you can put an osp, and then the floor.
R / B Monolith has the best characteristics in comparison with railway plates. Due to the monolithic structure, it has better parameters of thermal insulation and noise absorption. Starting to calculate the monolithic overlap in metal beams, take the outer perimeter of the carrier wall. To create a formwork, use waterproof plywood, hold it using temporary supports. To independently calculate the thickness of the plate, choose the sorting of reinforcement or grid for reinforcement, use the appropriate reference books and manuals for designing and reinforcing reinforced concrete structures, slips.
The manufacture of monolithic overlap according to the tradeline is a relatively new technology. On top of steel beams are fastened with self-drawing brawls (non-removable formwork), they are also attached to each other. To eliminate the sediment of the proflists under them put temporary supports. Reinforcing rods are placed to increase the strength of the structure in the grooves of the professional leaf.
Correct calculations, compliance with the installation technology and the quality of materials - all this determines the quality of the interlated overlap.
For the arrangement of overlaps during the construction of the house, beams will be required. In private construction, wooden options are most often used. To select specific sizes, it is required to calculate wooden beams of overlapping.
Overlapping on wooden beams. Photo
What length do you need beams?
The required length of wooden beam overlap is determined by several points. Beams must block the span and have some reserve so that you can close them in the walls. If the walls are made of brick or concrete blocks, then the deepening of the beams is performed by 10 - 15 cm. The lower border for boards, top for a bar. In the walls of the tree, the deepening is made by seven centimeters.
In some options, beams are attached to corners, clamps and other devices. In this case, the length of wooden beams of overlapping is equal to the distance from one wall to another. Sometimes beams output 30-50 cm and they are involved in creating a roof skate.
Optimal beams made of wood for overlapping distances from two and a half meters to four. The maximum length that such an element can be covered with 6 m. Further, the strength is insufficient. For longer spans use options from glued timber or put additional supports, such as columns.
How to determine the load?
On wooden ceiling beams, the load is constantly acting from several components. The first term is its own weight of all parts that make up the overlap. The second term is the operational load. It is temporary or constant. The exact calculation is quite complex, but it is quite possible to apply a simplified version of the formula.
If the load is calculated to overlap the attic, in which they will not store anything, then the constant load is accepted for 50 kg / m2.
Operational load in this variant will be: 70 * 1,3 \u003d 90 kg / m2. 70 - Regulatory value for this attic, 1.3 - stock coefficient.
The total estimated load is the sum of the two named, i.e. 50 + 90 \u003d 130 kg / m2. Round and get 150 kg / m2.
These calculations suggest that light insulation will be used. If materials with a lot of weight or the attic will be used to be actively used for different purposes, the regulatory load acting on the overlap rises to 150 kg / m2. In this case, 150 * 1,3 + 50 \u003d 245 kg / m2. This value can be rounded up to 250 kg / m2.
When creating attic, the weight of the flooring and the basis of the floor, furniture, people are taken into account. As a result, the load is obtained from 350 to 400 kg / m2.
Overlapping beams: section and step
When the length of the beam length is known and the total load calculations are carried out, you can define the desired section of this part and the installation step that should be used.
When calculating wooden beams, the overlap is taken into account that the optimal variant of the section is rectangular. Height and width must have a ratio of 1.4: 1.
The width of the beams varies from 4 cm to 20, and the height from 10 cm to 30. The height is trying to choose such so that it is convenient to lay the insulation.
On the section of the wooden floor beams affects such an indicator as the step with which they fit. Usually, the wooden overlap beam step is in the range from 60 cm to 1m. But it may vary at a smaller side of up to 30 cm and in a large up to 1.2 m. Sometimes the step is selected by the width of the plate insulating material. In frame buildings, it is tied to the step of frame racks to ensure maximum stiffness.
Online calculators that are widely represented on the Internet are suitable for verification and calculations.
Economical overlap version
Economical is called overlap consisting of wooden shields. These parts are with a trim from one or both sides. They are connected by S. karcasthat helps them well withstand all vertical loads. Shields are carriers only when they are securely connected to frame boards. The boards are turned edges to shields and are connected to these surfaces. As the ribs from the boards and the casing are firmly connected into a single design, they have a carrying capacity of no less than the wooden beams of overlapping.
Excellent material for trim are construction plywood and slabs Chipboard. Applied and ordinary boardsBut they do not create overlap with high supporting characteristics. When they are used, there is a significant number of seams that have one direction.
There can be no additional carrier elements and drywall plates, as well as carpentry and cement-friendly stoves. The rationality of their use is small and because they cost more than chipboard and plywood.
Soundproofing overlaps
It is usually insulation of overlaps on wooden beams, but inter-storey overlaps do not require high heat insulation. Level soundproofing It is a more important indicator in this case. High strength of overlaps is not always combined with the necessary indicators of noise protection. Often the beam overlap in a wooden house has an additional isolateTo get rid of penetrating sounds. It is especially difficult to designers of prefabricated houses. They need to combine two directions. It is necessary to create a design that will differ high strength and withstand significant loads. In this case, it should be "soft" elements that absorb sound waves. They create the best sound insulation.
The beams filled with slag or clamzite do not correspond to modern standards. They are not suitable in the level of waterproofing, nor according to the technological features of the creation.
Modern norms Contain requirements for reducing the number of drum noise that can be skipped. At the same time, noise radiation should be increased even to the damage of the carrying capacity of the structure. As a result, new options uniting the indicators were created.
Began to be used spring brackets. They disconnect the lower trim and beams, thanks to which the shock noises are transferred less and faster.
Improve sound insulation help and special utyales inside the design. For this purpose, sand and other materials that reduce sound expire are used.
Insofar as sand The material is bulk, then its main drawback is connected with this. With a free sinking into the space of the overlap, it can wake down through the slots between the plates. To avoid this, the space is covered with a film or use special mats consisting of two layers of film and sand between them.
Instead of sand, plates can be used on cement based. Their main drawback is high weight. As a result, it is necessary to increase the strength of the beams, which makes the design less economical.
It is impossible to ensure high sound insulation for open overlap open. If the beams are not cut from below, but insulating materials are not laid inside, the noise penetration level will be high enough.
Protection of beams from moisture and other external influences
Special protection against moisture and climatic influences overlap beams in a wooden house is not required. All the designs of the attic, the attic overlap of wooden beams, the wooden elements of the outer wall are securely protected if the roof is performed correctly and does not proceed.
Protect the wood of overlaps with special means is required only if the overlap is located above wet zone. It can be a bathroom, sauna, laundry and any other room with high humidity. Ventilation for overlaps is not required.
To protect any structures of fairly standard processing. Open beams or other types of non-ventilated overlaps can be treated with paint and varnish materials. Special chemicals for processing are not needed.
Protection of wooden floors from fire
Building materials must meet the standards fire protection. All materials are divided into two groups: combustible and non-combustible. The designs are half boss and fire-resistant. The first only delay the spread of fire, reduce the rate of ignition. The second is not lit, so they do not give fire to spread. 
In residential construction, these rules must be respected as fully as possible. To ensuremaximum security. In particular, the overlaps, which are located in seven meters above the Earth must confront the fire at least than half an hour.
Since wood is often used for overlaps, it is recommended to usewhole wood. If other wood materials are used, they must have a certain level of density. Often, the tree is treated with special substances that give fire resistance to fuel material.
When design is designed with open beamsThe effect of fire from several sides should be taken into account.
To identify the stability of the design to fire, special values \u200b\u200bare used. For example, for coniferous wood, the speed of burnout is received 0.8 mm per second.
Holding out the designs with open beams, take into account the required level of fire resistance. When the height is set in the parameters of the insulation, increase the width of the beams to increase the delay time of the fire.
Questions for fire safety, as well as noise, still exist. They will continue to solve all interested parties in the near future.
Beam beams: Ways to enhance
To increase the carrier beam characteristics, several methods are used. First, attach pads from the boardIncreasing section.
Secondly, you can fix on the beam P-shaped profile Metal. It also increases its rigidity and strength.
Thirdly, reduced Step Between beams, i.e. They fit much more often than required. This gives a certain margin of strength and gives freedom of action without concern about the reliability of the design.
Periodically, the state of overlaps must be checked. Damaged beams are replaced or repaired using linings. Destroy their pests. Moisture together with rotting.
Looping beams overlap
Modern food beams Wooden floors are made of several materials. For their production, the timber, OSB plates and coniferous species of wood are used. These beams have many positive characteristics. They are environmentally friendly, since it is made exclusively from materials that do not distinguish harmful substances. Serve foreign beams for a long time, and thanks to a special form and reliably. They are distinguished by a unique combination of low weight and high strength. These beams do not change their geometric parameters and are not deformed. They are easy to apply, since all surfaces are carefully verified, and all elements have the same parameters.
Wooden floating beams. Photo
Prices for foreign beams depend largely from two characteristics. First -cross-sectional areaSpecifically, the height of the beam. Second -materialsfrom which the shelves are made.
The use of foreign articles allows you to accelerate construction work, because Beams are easy to use. They will protect the house from the occurrence of overlapping overlaps and the appearance of cracks on them, because Do not sit down.
Using foreign beams, you can significantly alleviate the design of the overlap. Such a beam consists of parts that have a very small thickness and mass. However, thanks to the special design, they provide the strength level necessary for a particular overlap.
Such beams can be made to order, the desired size. It will save from the need for fitting, which is spent extra time.
No special tool is required to work with dual-level beams. It is quite ordinary carpenter. In the beams it is easy to make holes, ate need to pave elements of communications.
Use foreign beams not only for overlaps. They apply to creating rafter system.
Today, residential buildings made of wood are most popular. Before each developer at the very beginning of construction, the task is as follows, which should be overlap in a wooden house. After all, they are necessary to ensure the strength of the roof, the uniform distribution of the inter-storey load, the stability of the walls of the entire low-rise building. This is the main purpose of overlapping structures.
In addition, their device largely ensures effective insulation of the entire dwelling and primarily the ceiling.
The following overlaps are known in the construction work:
Mounted between the living room and the attic. They must perform features such as vapor barrier and insulation. For inter-storey partitions, these qualities are not so important, for them the most significant factor is sound insulation. Basements, often not heated. Therefore, their overlapping devices must be made not only with increased strength, but also with high resistance to the effects of raw cold air. If the base is built for the garage, its ceiling does not prevent noise insulation.
The most important components of the beam overlap:
Primary requirements
The device carrier part over a constructive solution is beam or without the use of beams - monolithic. Boated overlaps in a wooden private house are practically not used. Their dignity: high strength, dampness resistance. For all operation time, the repair may not even need. But sound insulation in such a housing is not at a high level. Already the type of monolith marks the desire to make overlapping structures with their own hands. And the factory produces panels of standard sizes, which may not approach a specific span.
The developer is usually not hampered with the choice between wooden beam and monolithic overlap. Concrete structures are unpopular not only because there will be no good inter-storey noise insulation in the house. After a few years, for old walls, they will be excessive load.
Detailed scheme of noise insulation of wooden floors
Installation of metal and concrete structures, like their repair is impossible with your own hands. It is not necessary to do without the use of machines and mechanisms, as well as without attracting specialists who manage these means. And all this will affect the higher cost of construction of the whole house.
The beams are wooden, metal, concrete. But regardless of the material of the manufacture, to all of them the same requirements are imposed:
- to be durable, hard, not to be fed between the floors, to withstand the uniform load according to the joint venture 20.1333 - the set of rules from 2011 - at least 200 kg per square meter;
- provide insulation, laying materials on which interety sound insulation depends;
- hold the coating layer required to preserve heat through the floors;
- their installation should be as reliable as possible.
Methods of fastening beams
In order for the floor to be unwinding, the beams are not dotted, and in the grooves depth of about 70 mm, carved in the walls.
Options for mounting beams of overlaps
The number of carrier bars should be sufficient to ensure the strength of the entire inter-storey construction. An insulation material can be put between the bulk and the end, which will exclude the appearance of the squeak.
The top floor beams can be attached to the wall so-called swallow tail. To do this, they need to make a double-sided diagonal bar, which is inserted into the nest of the same form. True, the cross section of login decreases, and longitudinal cracks may occur in the cutting area. The rigidity of the support decreases, the lifetime of the overlap is reduced, and it means that the repair is approaching.
Wooden
Future homeowners are popular with a beam-based beam-based flooring device. It allows you to equip a fairly good insulation of the house. It has both advantages and disadvantages.
Wooden flooring diagram for home
Positive factors:
- nice appearance;
- relatively low weight;
- quick installation and subsequent repair;
- environmental purity.
- it is refined, a special impregnation is required;
- from temperature drops, humidity can be deformed;
- the tree is susceptible to rotting, influence of insects, fungi.
However, these shortcomings can be minimized, move the repair by applying special fire solutions and antiseptic agents. To fulfill fire safety requirements, wooden parts using asbestos are isolated from chimney. Between him and the nearest beam usually put a box filled with non-combustible material, for example, mineral wool.
Burlock rails are more suitable for deciduous or coniferous wood.
Option of the device overlapping in the house of the log
For the construction of residential premises, it is an environmentally friendly and relatively inexpensive building material. In addition, good sound insulation will be provided. Wood easily gives up processing and relatively inexpensive.
Installation of wooden floors on floors is possible in a short time and with their own hands, without the involvement of specialists and the use of lifting techniques.
Or need a device of a stronger overlap. If the beams are made of wood, then the distance between them needs to be done slightly less. In this case, it is better if they are metallic, and on them to lay the wooden floor of the entire first floor. They are at least exposed to adverse effects of the basement medium, so the repair will be needed not soon. When arranging the garage premises should not forget about such factors as noise insulation and a fairly effective insulation of the upper room.
Whole and glue
If there are no more than 5 m, then one-piece wooden beams are used, which are fully capable of providing the strength of the ceiling and equip the reliable floor. But they can be glue, for which there are no restrictions on length. They are superior to non-brace in the following parameters:
- high strength;
- long service life;
- lack of deformation;
- the ability to install overlapping in long flights.
In inter-storey floors, it is often left from the side of the ceiling open. Their smooth surface with an attractive pattern of natural wood decorates designer design. Its on floors are also not closed, as it gives a special attractiveness to the room. In the appropriate style it is necessary to place the floor. 
It should be made of wooden boards, in color of harmonious with the design of the entire premises.
Loop
In widely used meal beam structures. Often they choose that the user who is worried about the insulation of his home and inter-storey sound insulation. The boutons are easy to make from a conventional glue bar. In shape they resemble two letters "T", connected on the basis. Replaced the mass of bearing beams, reduce the cost of time on the ceiling device and what is important, with their use, installation is possible in flights up to 15 m.
I-beans from the impact of moisture are not deformed, they will not need frequent repairs. With their use in the house with their own hands, remarkable inter-storey sound insulation can be equipped and fairly effective insulation. To eliminate the likelihood of the screenshot of the floor covering, they nourish the so-called black floor.
An example of foreign overlaps in a wooden house
The design is very convenient for laying communications on floors: electrical wiring, plumbing and gas pipes, ventilation.
Boards instead of beam
In construction practice, the ceiling device is applied, in which instead of bears, thick boards are used instead of carrying bars. Preferably, they are a cross section of at least 60x200 mm. The ends of them are embedded on the full thickness of the wooden wall. One from the other is strengthened at a distance of two times smaller than the distance between the beams from the glue bar or a rounded log. Installation of such a design is possible with non-strokes. Then the floor will be very steady, and the ceiling arrangement will require conventional materials to ensure insulation and create good sound insulation.
Example of mounting overlap board
Coniferous lumber are excellent building material. From the board / bar you can make almost any structural element of the house, or build a completely wooden cottage. The plasticity and versatility of wood allow engineers to invent innovative non-standard solutions that are opening more opportunities. One of these innovations is the premium-level beam.
Why do narrow materials
Everyone knows that the supporting abilities of the wooden elements of the building directly depend on the massiveness of their cross section. The more the load is planned, the larrter there should be a bar or board. In some cases, manual calculations or calculators show the need to use very large sections. Because of this, the developer arises a number of problems:
- Large lumber is expensive.
- Massive board / timber - weigh a lot and overload the supporting structures of the building (walls, foundation).
- A large cross section of the piltroduction, even dried, is prone to a deflection under its own weight, to cracking, to the charge.
- Sometimes it is not easy to buy a suitable sawn timber in view of various reasons.
- In an array of similar products, it is very often encountered with various natural defects, which reduce the strength characteristics of products.
- Complete work on laying hidden communications.
- The heat and sound insulation of the subsystems due to the large content of wood and the small content of insulating materials in a specific system is reduced.
In many respects, it is precisely for economic reasons and considerations of practicality, people began to experiment on the creation of large carrier elements from small sawn timber. For example:
- Boost wall timber from several boards
- Making a high rectangular secting from two small bars installed on each other edges
- Create roofing farms from a relatively thin bar
- Collect all kinds of brass contracts
What is a foreign beam
Code of steel or wood is used in construction for a long time. This is a generally accepted cross section of carrier elements, which in the form most associated with the Literary "N". Calculations show that such a geometry provides a much higher spatial stiffness than a square / rectangular product or, for example, a schuelller.
By the way, it is believed that the name of such a product comes from the Latin word "Taurus" - bull, that is, a twisted profile. In some European languages, similar material is called "H-shaped" (H-shaped) or "Double-T" (double T). We have abbreviation of BDK-1, which also means "bay of a bounter".
Wooden groups came to us from North America, where much is built on frame technologies. Now they actively conquer positions in the post-Soviet space. And you need to say, completely unsuccessfully.
Design and types of fresh wooden beams
Any 2-way beam consists of three elements. This is a combination that can be described by the formula:
- Upper belt from timber.
- Wall (or stand, bulkhead).
- Lower belt from the bar.
The elements of the beams work under load together, but the main task of the belt belt is to provide planes for the possibility of convenient installation, trim, the integration of beams in the construction of the house. And also the belt is not allowed to bend the beam beam on the short axis, do not allow the beam to curl. The wall is the edge of the ribbon, mainly ensures the resistance of the product to the deflection along the long axis, in other words - the main carrying characteristics.
Belts are usually performed from solid dry wood, in the overwhelming majority of cases in the course of the first, sometimes second grade. There are options using a bar, glued according to LVL technology - from a veneer like plywood. But they are still rare in our country. The nomenclature of the section of the bars is quite diverse, ranging from products 40x40 mm, up to 40x60 or 90x40 mm. Moreover, manufacturers in assembling beams can differently orient the bar in space.
The wall is mainly performed from two sheet materials: plywood or OSB. Some firms also make interesting models of beams, where instead of wooden-containing materials applies a galvanized professionalist.
The plywood wall is carried out, as a rule, their lanes of Birosis plywood FSF brand, which is characterized by excellent strength, moisture resistance, elasticity. The thickness of the ribbon rib from plywood is usually 24-27 mm. When using an oriented chipboard, OSB-3 goes as a rack into running, which, like Plywood FSF, is well opposed to moisture, shows decent characteristics by strength. The thickness of the OSP bulkhead is not so big, it is usually from 10 to 15 mm.
The height of the bulkheads together with the belts in the standard version is 200-250 mm. But also enterprises produce beams up to 400-450 mm high. The higher the product, the greater bending load it can withstand. Higher beams are no longer sense (due to significant losses in the volume of the internal space), it is better to increase the number of beams (reduce step - instead of 50 or 62.5 cm to 40 cm) or make less span by applying support elements. Alternatively, beams can be drunk in thickness using perforated plates or threaded ties.
Interesting technology for assembling such beams. It is performed by gluing. On the plywood band, double spike is pre-cut. The rack should be included in the belt by 15-20 mm. For mutual fixation of the racks and beams of beams, high-strength waterproof and heat-resistant adhesive for wood, such as "bracery". The gluing process often occurs under pressure, with careful control of the shutter speed of the given geothermal forms. As a rule, the compound is compliance with the provisions of GOST 19414-90.
The length of the beams of wooden with a cross section of a boutique in a standard factory version is usually from 4.5 to 6.5 meters. But, of course, you can order products 1-3 meters, or longer beams - in 8-9 or more meters. By the way, if you wish, you can always cut a long beam on any multiplicity at the facility, it is not difficult to make any carpenter tool.
Like any other sawn timber, wood beams are processed by antiseptics and flame retardant. Products intended for configuration of the formwork are painted by weatherproof durable paint, providing a large number of cycles of use.
Advantages of creating and using foreign wooden beams
- Increased supporting characteristics. It is possible to overlap big spans and reduce the arrangement step.
- Accuracy and stability of the form. Such products twist less, they do not dry, do not crack, do not swell. There are no problems with violins, with the adequity, saving, etc. Deviations from the claimed dimensions are minimal (about 0.5-1 mm in width, thickness and straightness of the faces / edges).
- The ability to get non-standard sizes floor Any conditions. Large selection of standard sizes.
- A small mass that is on average is about twice as smaller than the massive solid product with similar supporting abilities.
- Prefabricated beams from a bar and plywood / OSP there are no critical defects that would reduce strength.
- Improved fire resistance and biostability of the resulting structures.
- Reduced material capacity of glued beam.
- High degree of readiness, high speed mounting, can be mounted all year round. A regular carpenter tool is used, the lifting cranes are not needed. It is not difficult to perform a roughface, since the installation of cranial bars is not required.
- It is convenient to lay communication inside the structures, including through the beams. More space for insulation / soundproofing, you can apply a large layer of insulation. The insulation is perfectly held even without black binder due to the T-shaped form.
- It is possible to independently manufacture the n-shaped beam.
- You can grab ceilings and flooring directly on top of such beams.
- You can make a wall or monolithic belt, you can be attached to the brackets of the "beam holders" (for this one pre-between the belts near the ends are the additional plates from OSP or plywood).
- Universality in application.
Where used beams 2-way sawn timber
In fact, the scope of using such products is very wide, it is by no means limited to conventional inter-storey overlap in wooden cottages. Although this can be considered a classic genre for both wooden and stone houses of various designs. So, where they can be applied:
- Creating inter-storey floors.
- As a lag of the floor.
- As rafters of the pitched roof, as a skate.
- Walls of various frame structures.
- Production of long jumpers above the gate, panoramic windows,
- To perform monolithic works (riglels for placing horizontal formwork).
- Creating a vertical formwork, including for the implementation of monolithic columns.
Wooden floors made by their own hands in a private house have pros and cons. The advantages include the ecological properties of wood. Its natural heat, texture and smell. In addition, when erecting overlapping on wooden beams does not require the use of special equipment. A log is not a concrete plate that you need to lift and lay using a car crane. Minuses also leak out of the properties of wood. Under the influence of temperature and moisture, the tree can "move". Unlike monolithic or slab overlap, wooden is not solid. This means that the heat and sound insulation of wooden structures must be performed according to all the rules. Only then heat and sound will not take place between the floors.
What is noise and sound insulation
Heat losses through overlapping and roof, according to accepted standards in construction, can be 15%. On the path of his ascent, it passes through the gaps and cracks in the ceiling. Together with heat up and down the slits stroll sounds and noises. If at the border level between the floors to properly hold the whole cycle of insulation measures, then you can build a reliable barrier of heat and sounds at the same time.
Noises and sounds in their physical nature is a wave vibration. It can be generated:
- acoustic sounds. This is human speech, music, animal sounds, transmitted live or by television, radio equipment or computer. The degree of protection against acoustic noise (RW index) must be not lower than 45 decibels for inter-storey floors;
- sounds from shocks. For example, a knock of heels, sounds from fallen objects or to shift furniture. The degree of penetration of sounds from the knock and the osania (LMW index) in the residential premises should not exceed the limit level in 66 decibels;
- sounds from loads on the bearing structures and fasteners in them. These are all sorts of screens of screws, bolts, with the help of which wooden overlap is collected.
Noise and sounds easily spread in space. They can also pass through the materials of partitions. Obstacles sound need to build not only between the main carriers of wooden structures, but also cut off the noise from contact with all surfaces. This also applies to beams, and to wooden materials finishing of the ceiling and floor.
It is possible to achieve low hearing in adjacent vertical spaces, even if the overlap is made of wood. For this purpose, it is necessary to understand the nature of noise. And modern materials and construction technologies will help you get the best result.
Wooden overlap on beams
Bearing structures made of wood are often used as a gasket. For ideal sound isolation, this is not very good. After all, the tree in itself is a sound conductor. Especially if the beams are based on the walls that take over and conduct noise. Significantly reduce the passability of noise on the beams between the floors is possible. To do this, isolate beams from contact with a wall with a rubberoid.
If this is a brick wall, then the ends of the beams need to be wrapped over the ruberoid. To the place where the beams are based on the brick wall to put rubberoid, and on top of it - a thin wooden laying.
There should be such a "pie": brick - a seal from the rubberoid - a laying of a tree - the end of the beam in the rings from the rubberoid - the airborne opening is a wall.
The same principle refers to walls from any stone, concrete or composite material.
A similar method of laying beams is applicable for both houses, attic and balcony walls from a tree. With the only difference that, in the case of a wooden wall, a fairly simple winding of beams with rubberoid in places of contact with the surface. Ruberoid or hydroizol cut off the unimpeded penetration of noise and sounds along the wall through the beam. If the overlap thickness without taking into account the ceiling and floor finish is equal to the height of the beam, then this measure will significantly change the final RW and LMW indexes for the better.
The second option of the device of wooden inter-storey floors - put lags on the beams. Then the floor will be laid on these lags. Chernovaya or basic. In this case, it is much easier to cut off the sounds transmitted by the walls. To do this, simply prepare the lags of this size so that they do not reach the wall at 15 - 25 mm and lay them across the beams. Then the wall will not be close to the floor.
Air openings between the wall and beams, and later and the floor will be filled with sound insulation material. Its soft structure will guess the sound oscillations of the walls and will not miss them to the floor. Plinth will need to be attached to the wall, and not to the floor. It will not be a sound conductor.
Ribbon strips from felt impregnated with antiseptic, it is enough enough to suck the walls on the beams.
Important!
The upper sides of the silent beams must be isolated by the felt gasket, regardless of whether the floor is lying on the beams or on the lags.
Tip!
Work on the isolation of overlapping from the "shock" sound should be started with wooden beams.
Some sound waves can penetrate the floors on the walls. It is very important to isolate wooden beams from the wall. Then part of the noise can be cut off already at this stage. Mutual noise insulation of the upper and lower premises by such technology will be much more efficient.
Wooden overlap of the house
Materials for soundproofing overlap of wood
At the construction stage, it is necessary to take care of reducing the impact of impact noise. Following, you can move to the isolation of acoustic sound. For this purpose, you will need soft, fibrous, porous materials. Their structure is not different monolithium. Thanks to internal voids, fibrous and porous materials absorb acoustic sounds and noises.
Such materials include mats from mineral wool, basalt and tree fiber plates. These materials have excellent absorption properties of acoustic sounds.
Important!
The main requirement is their density should not be lower than 50 kg / m3.
Materials with less density simply will not be able to "confuse" and absorb sounds in their thicker. The overlap must be at least 250 mm. Of these, at least 150 mm, you need to be discharged for a layer of fibrous mats.
Another type of materials for noise insulation are rolled flooring. For example, from felt or traffic jam. They also absorb noise very well. The fasteners include a heavy sound insulation membrane based on minerals. Despite the rather thin layer of 2 to 4 mm, all rolled flooring perfectly proven themselves on wooden structures.
Soundproofing Rules Soft Materials
Before starting work on the noise insulation of the floor overlap, you need to carefully treat the wood with an antiseptic. And the processing is subject to all wooden elements that are involved in the process. To the bottom of the vertical side of the beam, the rack of 30x40 or 40x50 mm. The space between them is sewn the board is not thinner than 25 mm. Moreover, it is not attached to her beams, but to a rake.
Wrapping beams, laying and fastened vapor barrier. We derive its edges on the wall with a bend of at least 100 mm. Over the beams are stuffing felt stripes. Then the entire space between the beams thoroughly fill with fibrous mats. We put them tightly among themselves, but do not prescribe from above. You can not stign the strips from felt on the top ends of the beams. Then the felt flooring must be unsettled over the beams and the insulation with the deflection between the beams.
Now you can link the ceiling of drywall or other finishing material. For example, lining or boards. The base for the ceiling in the bottom room has already been prepared. From above overlap you, too, everything is ready for the flooring device. We climb a 40x150 mm board with a step of 150 mm. On top of it, it is possible to spread the heat insole layer. But only in the event that on top of it you will lay a half board or a paneur 20 or 25 mm under the carpet. If you are planning to make a clean floor with a laminate or parquet, then the heat is not needed. For the parquet there will be its own leveling substrate. Then it is enough just to fill the thick Faneru, as the base for the first floor.
Fibrous materials are better absorbed high frequencies, and the flooring is low-frequency noises. To achieve perfect noise absorption, you need to combine the phased laying of some and second.
Soundproofing with sand
The principle of this technology is laid in the properties of the material. With a light shake, it is able to compress. Sound wave shakes sand and, moving to a mechanical movement, quenched. This is, first. Secondly, the sand creates a lot of overlap, which does not miss noises. Thirdly, noise insulation with sand is much more efficient absorbs all frequencies - both high and low.
The only negative property of this method is the overall weighting of the ceiling design. So that the overlap is reliably exploited, the beams must be durable and powerful.
On the beams you need to put the rails at the bottom, as in the previous version. Then to sew the space by board or thick plywood and sew the vapor barrier. Now the crust for sand is ready.
Tip!
For a better binding of the overlap, you can put the transverse lags by making cutouts under the beams. Lagi, lying across, form together with the beams of the cortex. They are much smaller than in the first case. And they are easier to fall asleep with sand.
Thus, you did not draft floor, but the base for filling. But these boards or plywood are capable of not only pulling the fire frame. You can walk and filling. Sand still has a property to accumulate heat. Such material in the ceilings will be and protection against noise, and good thermal insulation.
Fill the sand is not completely, but leave from 30 to 50 mm of free space for ventilation. Then you need to fill felt into skeleton lags and you can retain the thick phanener. It will be the basis for the first floor.
Soundproofing sand overlap
Chernovaya or floating floor?
You can improve sound insulation using a rough or floating floor. But only improve, and not replace. The draft floor is the same plywood on top of the transverse boards or lags. On top of plywood covering the board, felt fitted with a solid flooring, and then - the main floor.
The floating floor is an additional noise insulation, it also is a layer of plywood. Only in this case, plywood is not fastened, but simply lies on felt stripes or solid textile flooring. Plywood sheets are connected only among themselves through the lower lining rail. This method eliminates the contact of the floor and beams. Such a method of halmet coatings in attic and in attics
Idea!
There is another way to improve the protection against sounds - to increase the thickness of the overlap.
On warmed and isolated from the noise ceiling to put a rail on Abris Baok. Insert a fibrous plate into the gaps. Sew the vaporizolation and again lay the plasterboard, which will be for the facial finishes. With this technology, the RW index will be at least 54, and the LNW indicator is not higher than 66.
.Ksenia Skvortsova. Chief Editor. Author.
Planning and distribution of responsibilities in the Content-production team, work with texts.
Education: Kharkiv State Academy of Culture, specialty "Cultureologist. Lecturer history and theory of culture. " Experience in copywriting: from 2010 at the moment. Editor: Since 2016.
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