Four-pitched roof: from the calculation of the truss system to do-it-yourself installation. The device of the truss system of a four-pitched roof - installation options and rules for erection Types of truss systems for a four-pitched roof

Roofs with four slopes have higher reliability and resistance to stress. This design is much more complicated than the usual gable, and installation takes more time. And yet, a do-it-yourself hipped roof is a completely doable task, if you properly prepare and study in detail the intricacies of its device.

Roof design

The four-pitched roof has many variations. The most simple design represents 2 slopes of a trapezoidal shape, connected in the center of the roof, and 2 triangular slopes from the side of the gables. Sometimes all four slopes are made triangular, then the roof edges converge at a central point. More complex designs involve broken lines, a combination of short slopes with gables, built-in straight and sloping windows, as well as multi-level slopes.

It is impossible to build a truss system of this configuration without the appropriate experience, so it is better to pay attention to the standard hip roof.

Project hipped roof

hip roof construction

The slope of the slopes can have an angle of 5 to 60 degrees. To calculate the optimal slope value, the following factors must be taken into account:

• attic functionality;
• type of roofing;
• atmospheric pressure in the region.

Gentle slopes are not suitable for arranging an attic, as they take up too much free space. Therefore, if the attic is planned in the project of the house, the angle of inclination of the roof should be 45 degrees or more. You can choose the angle of inclination depending on the type of roofing using the table.

Atmospheric loads are also of great importance. Where a lot of snow falls, you can not make a slope of less than 30 degrees, otherwise the rafter system will not withstand the loads. If the angle is greater than 60 degrees, snow load may not be taken into account. In addition to these factors, you should consider the location of objects such as water tanks or ventilation chambers. Usually they are suspended from the rafters and put an additional load on them. After preliminary calculations you can start drawing up a drawing of the truss system.

Roofing materials

Like a gable, hip roof, it consists of a Mauerlat, puffs, rafters, support posts, a ridge beam and a crate. The difference between the second design is the location of the rafters and their length. For a pitched roof, it is recommended to use pine or larch lumber, good quality, without defects, with a maximum moisture content of 22%.

Mauerlat fastening to the wall

Rafters are made of boards with a section of 50x100 mm; if the roof area is very large, it is better to take boards 50x200 mm. For Mauerlat, you need a solid beam with a section of at least 150x150 mm. Additionally, you will need metal threaded studs for attaching the Mauerlat, boards for battens and overhead metal plates, with which the wooden elements are connected.

Threaded metal studs for fastening the Mauerlat

Lumber before assembling the roof must be impregnated with an antiseptic.

Rafter system installation technology

Step 1. Laying the Mauerlat

In houses made of timber, the Mauerlat functions are performed last crown a log house in which special grooves are cut out for the rafters. V brick houses Mauerlat is laid on the walls around the perimeter of the box, previously fixed between the bricks last rows threaded metal studs. To more accurately mark the holes for the fasteners, the beam is lifted and laid on top of the tips of the studs, and then hit with a hammer. After that, clear marks remain on the tree, along which holes are drilled.

Mauerlat fastening to the wall

Having removed the drilling beam, the surface of the walls is covered with one or two layers of waterproofing material, usually roofing material. It is placed directly on the studs and pressed down. Next, the Mauerlat is laid, aligning the holes with the studs, align them horizontally and screw the nuts tightly onto the threads. At the corners, the bars are connected metal plates or staples. After fixing, the timber should not move even a millimeter, because the reliability of the entire rafter system depends on this.

Mauerlat fastening to the wall

Step 2 Mounting the Racks

If the house does not have a central load-bearing wall, it is necessary to lay the support beam perpendicularly load-bearing beams overlap. Connect two boards with a section of 50x200 mm, leaving a gap of 50 mm between them. To do this, short bars 50 mm thick are inserted between the boards and nailed. The distance between the bars is about 1.5 m, the beams are not fastened at the ends. Having measured out the middle of the attic, the support beam is laid so that its ends extend beyond the boundaries of the Mauerlat by 10-15 cm.

Now they take 3 boards 50x150 mm, cut them to the height of the roof, and use a plumb line to install them on the support beam. Each post should rest against the beam where the boards are connected by a bar. Racks are temporarily strengthened with jibs from the bars. The top of the racks is connected ridge beam, which is used as a board 50x200 mm.

Step 3. Fixing the central rafters

They take a rafter board and apply it with one end to the ridge beam, and with the other end to the Mauerlat from the front side of the building. Immediately adjust the length of the cornice overhang, cut off the excess. The cut lines are marked with a pencil, after which the upper end of the board is cut off and a groove is made in the Mauerlat by 1/3 of the rafter width. The board is nailed to the ridge, the lower edge is inserted into the groove on the Mauerlat and secured with metal plates.

In the same way, the rest of the rafters are made and installed in 60 cm increments from the facade of the house. The edge boards should be perpendicular to the ridge beam and fastened at its ends. On the opposite side of the building, everyone does the same. On the hips there is only one rafter on each side: the board is placed on the edge and fastened with the upper end to the ridge beam, and the lower end is inserted between the boards of the support beam and fixed with nails.

Step 4. Attaching the corner rafters

Installation of a roof truss system

For the manufacture of corner rafters, two boards with a section of 50x150 mm are usually connected. In one of the upper corners of the box, at the junction of the Mauerlat beams, a nail is driven in and a thin cord is tied on it. At the junction point of the ridge and the central rafter, a nail is also driven in from the side of the hip, a cord is pulled to it and fixed. So designate a line of diagonal, or angular, rafters. Their length must be the same, otherwise the roof will be uneven. The prepared rafter is lifted up, placed along the markings and connected to the ridge beam and Mauerlat. The overhang of the rafter is approximately 50-70 cm.

Step 5 Installing the Jigs

To fix the diagonal rafters, sprigs are used - shortened rafters, resting on the Mauerlat with their lower end and located at right angles to the ridge beam. They are fastened in increments of 60 cm, starting from the outermost ordinary rafter. As you approach the diagonal, the jocks make everything shorter. Now it is necessary to strengthen the structure with puffs and braces, as well as install additional vertical supports.

If the span under the diagonal rafter is more than 7 m, it is required to install another support at a distance of a quarter of the span from the corner of the attic. The lower end of the rack should rest on the floor beam. In the case when the beam is located further than the designated place or is completely absent, instead of a vertical stand, a sprengel is attached - a horizontal jumper made of timber, the ends of which are nailed to the spears.

Step 5. Mounting the crate

Lathing step for corrugated board

When all the supports are installed, you can fill the crate. For a four-pitched roof, the crate is performed in the same way as for a gable roof. First, a waterproofing membrane is attached, on each slope separately. The joints are carefully glued with adhesive tape, and then thin slats are stuffed over the membrane to provide an air gap. Boards are stuffed in increments of up to 40 cm, depending on the type of roof, and always perpendicular to the rafters.

Installation of the roof lathing

On this, the assembly of the truss system is considered complete. It remains only to insulate the structure, lay roofing, mount wind strips and sheathe overhangs. To make the hipped roof look more stylish, it is recommended to install sloping or straight windows on the slopes.

Do-it-yourself hipped roof - instructions and calculations!

Find out how to install a hipped roof with your own hands! Detailed guide for the construction of the truss system, photo + video.

Roof truss system

The roof of a private house, which has four, and not one or two slopes, looks like a much more serious structure, which it is. Assembling such a truss structure is no more difficult than a gable roof, but the gable roof truss system has more advantages. The quality of the roof is ensured by the strength of the truss system.

Do-it-yourself four-pitched roof

Features of the roof of four slopes

1. The main advantage is the absence of tongs and gables. The unconventional design of the truss system allows the roof to endure strong winds without consequences, minimize possible damage in places of eaves overhangs over time, and the absence of a gable is a saving on building materials and labor costs;
2. The ends of the rafters, which intersect with each other and are mounted on the ridge beam, give the structure rigidity, prevent the roof from deforming under the weight of precipitation, roof building materials or equipment mounted on the roof;
3. The design and arrangement of the hip roof truss system suggests the possibility of arranging cornice overhangs around the perimeter of the entire house, protecting the facade from atmospheric influences and temperature changes;
4. In terms of architectural conformity, a hipped roof when a veranda or attic is attached to a house makes the building more resistant to unevenly distributed loads;
5. The aesthetics of a hipped roof has been proven by practice and time - such structures have been used since the time when people learned to build shelters for themselves, which then turned into strong and beautiful houses.

How the truss system of a hipped roof will be designed depends on whether the roof will be hipped or hipped. Therefore, it is worth considering in more detail these varieties of a hipped roof, their features and structure.

Hip roof device

hip roof

The hip-type roof is an assembly of two trapezoidal or triangular wooden knots. These elements are fastened together by the planes of the upper surfaces, and the edges of the triangles are overlapped by ridge slopes.

On the truss frame hip roof mounted roofing cake, consisting of several layers: a waterproofing layer, a heat insulator, a ventilation layer of building materials, and a finishing decorative and protective coating. According to the type of fastening, the hip roof truss system is divided into hanging and layered types. The layered scheme of the hipped roof truss system is more economical, easier to install and design.
Rafter systems

Important: For hip roof slopes ≤ 35°, auxiliary support beams must be installed to reinforce the long span with rafters. Additional supports protect the house from atmospheric moisture, strong winds and temperature fluctuations.

Scheme roof structure roofs with four slopes

1. The rafters of the sloping structure are a beam mounted diagonally, with one end resting against the Mauerlat, with the second end attached to the next rafter pair. Since in expanded form the rafters have a very big sizes, then on the roof they must be immediately securely fixed. Also, the rafters act as a support for the sprigs;
2. Trapezoidal wooden assemblies for roof slopes;
3. Narozhniki - designs small size from rafter beams of short length, they are fixed on rafters of a sloping type. If the width of the walls of the house is ≥ 4.5 m, then the truss structure is connected into a block of several elements, so that later these blocks form a single roof;
4. Struts, crossbars and racks serve to minimize the size and use of sprockets. The use of these elements allows you to assemble the roof with little or no additional reinforcement;
5. The beds serve as supports for racks and struts, with their lower end resting against brick stands on the inner wall end or adjusted to size with linings of wooden bars;
6. The run is a beam laid parallel to the lower support beam. Serves to ensure the strength of the rafter structure;
7. Sprengels increase the rigidity of the truss system in all directions. Sprengel should have the same cross section as the rafters, and they are attached along the length of the span.

Scheme of a hipped roof

hipped roof

The tent-type roof is assembled from triangular wooden structures. It will not be easy for a non-specialist to cope with the construction of such a roof, since here it is important to strictly observe all dimensions and dimensions in order to achieve complete symmetry of the hipped roof. But thanks to such a roof, your house will withstand the wind of any strength, even a hurricane. A self-made four-pitched roof, the truss system of which is made in the form of a tent, perfectly protects housing from the penetration of cold and moisture even into the attic or attic space.

roof in the form of a tent

According to the design, the drawings of the hip and tent system rafters are similar, as they consist of the same nodes and elements. The difference is only the length of the rafters and mounting options. In a hipped structure, hanging or layered rafters also work well, but hanging elements it is very difficult for an amateur to fix it on his own - the help of a professional will be required. A hipped roof is often built over areas without internal ceilings, partitions and walls, and truss beams for supports are laid on bearing walls. Layered parts are cheaper and easier to manufacture, but require an internal load-bearing wall and/or concrete columns to work with.

Bezporno-layered scheme

How to work with rafters - tips and rules

1. Before starting work with any wood products, they must be treated with antiseptic and flame retardant agents;
2. Wood for any elements of the truss system must be well dried in natural conditions. The moisture content of the material must be ≤ 22%;
3. Mauerlat is made of timber with a square section of 150 mm or a rectangular section of 150 x 100 mm.
4. The rafters must be ≥ 50 mm long and ≥ 150 mm wide;
5. For all products of the truss system, one type of wood is used, and preferably conifers;
6. To make a large number of crossbars, racks and girders with one cut angle, a pre-prepared template is used.

Template for marking rafters

V hip system rafters are first supported in the form of a Mauerlat. Not only the strength of the structure, but also the aesthetics of the entire roof depend on the smooth device of the Mauerlat, so the support beams must be laid strictly horizontally. The alignment of the Mauerlat can be facilitated by pouring a small grillage (formwork) around the entire perimeter of the walls of the house.

For fastening the grillage to the walls, reinforcing pins driven or inserted into the wall are used. Through the holes in these rods, the Mauerlat is attached threaded connections to walls and grillage.

How to fix the mauerlat

How to assemble and mount on site the truss system of a four-pitched hip roof:

1. The upper planes of the load-bearing walls of the house must be opened with waterproofing agents - mastic, bitumen, tar before installing the rafters. A roofing material is laid on top of the waterproofing layer;
2. The support beam, from which the Mauerlat will be assembled, is mounted on pins in the walls, attracted by nuts and washers. When installing the Mauerlat, you need to constantly check its horizontalness with a level;
3. The central support is attached next - racks with a ridge will be attached to it. The support beam is laid either on the side beams of the Mauerlat, or on the surface of the internal load-bearing walls;
4. Vertical beams are installed for the main support of the ridge. Ridge supports do not need to be fixed rigidly immediately - only after complete assembly rafter systems. Rigidity can be given with steel corners, wooden spacers or metal studs;
5. In order for the hip roof to be perfectly symmetrical, the rafters of the triangular hip structures are supported on the Mauerlat in the calculated places. Marking for each rafter must be done in advance so that the beam does not fall on the mounting rod. Intermediate rafters are needed to connect the ridge to the walls;
6. Next, slanting rafters are installed, which will connect each corner of the house with the end of the ridge beam;

Important: a distance of ≥ 50 cm is maintained between the overhang and the wall. If the site is selected in a region with strong winds, then this distance is doubled. In this way, the roof and walls are protected from precipitation, which can blow in and moisten the surfaces up to the foundation.

Fastening rafters to Mauerlat

1. Now you can attach ordinary rafters to connect the Mauerlat to the ridge. The distance between the rafters is calculated based on the overall dimensions of the roof and the length of the intermediate rafters. Some roofing building materials need to be laid on a frequently installed crate, so general recommendations there are no distances. Ordinary rafters in the standard solution are attached to the groove after 0.4-0.5 m, and the attachment point can also be strengthened with nails or steel overhead plates;
2. If the roof has a small angle of inclination, then the rafters must be reinforced with trusses due to additional pressure snow in winter;
3. To strengthen the upper end of the rafters, a truss truss is mounted. It consists of 2 struts coming out of one point.
4. The last step in the construction of the truss system is the crate. The material for the frame of the crate is selected based on roofing material. Most often, these are square slats with a section of 5 cm, and if the crate is solid, then five-layer plywood can be used for the board.

Four-pitched roof truss system, video, photo

The roof of a private house, which has four, and not one or two slopes, looks like a much more serious structure, which it is. Assembling such a truss structure is no more difficult than a gable roof, but the gable roof truss system has more advantages.

For buildings of a large area, a gable roof does not provide the required protection and reliability. This design relies only on 2 external load-bearing walls, so the load on the rafters is excessively large. For big house it is better to choose a four-pitched roof that effectively withstands atmospheric loads and more evenly distributes pressure on external load-bearing walls and foundations.

pitched roof configurations

The geometric design of such a roof combines 4 inclined planes, the bases of which are the load-bearing walls of the house around the perimeter. There are several configurations that determine the shape and mutual arrangement inclined surfaces.

hip roof

A simple design, outwardly somewhat reminiscent of a gable: parallel to the long walls, 2 planes are formed, which are connected in the center by a ridge ceiling. Opposite pediments are replaced with sloping triangles-hips. The design is used for large buildings, the two sides of which are much longer than the others.

Half hip roof

Differs in a configuration of end slopes. The bases of the triangles rise above the bottom edge of the structure. The remaining space is filled by the pediment. The corners at the base of large slopes are cut vertically. This allows you to make a spacious attic under the roof and install a double-glazed window.

Suitable for square houses or buildings in which all walls are approximately equal. Four slopes are triangles connected by vertices at a common central point. There is no horizontal ridge in such structures.

These configurations are the basis for the construction of all four-pitched roofs, including the combination various elements into complex structures.

Many country arbors have the shape of a regular polygon, often a hipped roof is erected to them. Why for small building a hipped roof is used, due to the practicality and aesthetic completeness of such a design. Build a roof with two inclined surfaces for country gazebo impractical: the absence of closed gables will leave part of the structure unprotected from precipitation, for example, during slanting rain. The four-pitched roof wins in this.

Types of truss systems

There are hanging and layered structures. The first type is distinguished by the fact that the rafters lean against each other. This variety is used for buildings that do not have central load-bearing walls. The load is bursting. To increase strength, ties are made between opposite rafters, racks, struts and other devices are used.

The sloped design of the hipped roof includes additional supports for the rafters. They are reinforced under the ridge run and transfer part of the load to the load-bearing walls inside the building.

System differences: 1) Hanging 2) Layered

Description of the roof structure

erection hip roof requires professional knowledge and experience from the master. Drawings of the truss system of this type of hipped roof include the following elements:

1. Mauerlat - the base of the frame, laid on load-bearing walls. Since all sides of the house are supporting, the element is attached around the perimeter of the building. Since hipped roofs are built on large objects, the Mauerlat must be of high strength. Usually use a bar 150x150 or 100x100. Mauerlat is not required if the structure is made of wood. In this case, the basis is top harness walls.
2. The ridge run is installed horizontally on the line of intersection of trapezoidal slopes and serves as a connecting element.
3. From each end of the run, 3 supports, called the central rafters, depart. They are erected regardless of the pitch of the remaining elements.
4. Diagonal (corner) rafters connect the ridge beam to the corners of the building. These are the longest supports with the greatest slope.
5. Parallel to the directions of the slopes, short rafters are erected on the hips, fastening the corner supports (sides of the triangles) with the Mauerlat.
6. The lateral edges of the trapezoid with the base are connected by sprigs, and two parallel sides are connected by intermediate supports.
7. Sprengel is used to increase strength. It is a bar located closer to the corner of the building, the ends of which are installed on adjacent walls.
8. When installing struts and racks, a truss truss is formed - additional node designs.
9. Puffs are used in a hanging truss system. They are mounted on two opposite supports.
10. In the layered structure there is a bed, which is laid on a load-bearing wall in the center of the building and takes on part of the load.

The peculiarity of the semi-hip roof is that the lower edge of each triangular slope rises to the height of the pediment, thereby shortening the diagonal rafters. The four-pitched hipped roof is simpler. The frame design includes similar components of the hips and the internal ligament. All reinforcement elements are designed for one purpose - to pull the frame into knots and make it rigid.

System features and calculation

The roof with four slopes is able to withstand high wind and snow loads. In order for the roof to be practical, reliable and perfectly perform the functions assigned to it, an accurate calculation of all elements is carried out. The slope of the slopes of the hip roof does not exceed 40 °. The construction of the tent system provides for an angle of 40 to 60 °.

The calculation of the supporting structure is based on the interdependence of the span length, rafter pitch and beam sections. The second parameter is selected individually based on the available material and ease of attachment. In the longest structures, the rafter pitch is 2.15 m, and in most cases 90 cm is chosen.

The distance determines the cross section of the supports. The farther apart the rafters are placed, the thicker the board will be required. The size of the section also depends on the length of the supports themselves. Communication is directly proportional. In order for the rafters to withstand the bending force, a material of a larger section is chosen. For 6-meter supports with a step of 90, the cross-sectional area is 75 × 200 mm, and for 3-meter supports it is only 50 × 150.

Carrying out construction activities

The material for the frame must be well dried. Wood moisture content is limited to 20%. Work order:

A professional approach to assembling a solid frame determines the performance of a hipped roof. Resilience to weather conditions and the service life of the structure as a whole depend on the reliability of the structure.

The four-pitched (hip) roof is considered one of the most complex structures. Like any, it has its advantages and disadvantages. To make an informed decision, you need to familiarize yourself with the real operational characteristics hipped roof.

Flaws

As you can see, the advantages of a hipped roof are doubtful, and the disadvantages are significant.

Practical advice. Professional builders recommend choosing hipped roofs only in exceptional cases, when other options are unacceptable for various reasons.

Types of hipped roofs

Each country has its own building traditions and style preferences. What types of hip roofs are used by architects?

Table. Types of pitched roofs.

Hip roof view	Short description
	The most simple roof, has two hip slopes of a regular triangular shape and two inclined ones in the shape of a trapezoid. The lower the angle of inclination of the slopes, the more you can make an overhang to protect the facade and the local area.
	All slopes converge at one point, the roof ridge is missing. It is used as a covering of buildings of the correct square shape.
	A successful attempt to improve the classic hip roofs. The hip slopes are slightly lowered, which allows you to install small windows. It has a significant drawback - due to the installation of windows, the already difficult installation of the truss system is even more complicated. There are more complex options for such a roof - another small hip slope is made above the window.
	It has low gables and small hips above them. The peculiarity of this design is rafter legs rest against parallel load-bearing walls. Due to this, the design is slightly simplified and the attic space is increased.

There are no universal recommendations for choosing the type of a hipped roof; each developer must make a decision on his own or after consulting with architects. But you should always remember that there are other, cheaper and good options truss systems.

Step-by-step instructions for building a hipped roof

For example, consider the variant of the simplest of the listed types of hip roofs - the classic one. But even such a simple hip roof design is much more complicated than any gable roof.

Important. You can start building a hip roof only after the professionals have made all the calculations. The best option is to order a house project in the relevant organizations. This will be much cheaper than restoring the structure after its destruction.

The technology of the device and the design of the roof of houses are formed mainly depending on the climatic conditions of each individual region. The truss roof system, which is difficult to manufacture, is not suitable for northern latitudes, but is widespread in the European part of the world. Due to its merits, it has become widely used in our country.

In this article, we will look at a hipped roof, its advantages and disadvantages, as well as some installation features.

Already from the name it becomes clear that the hipped roof has four planes - slopes, this is its main difference from the classic gable roof.

An important feature of a four-pitched roof is that gables are not provided for in the design of such a roof, and this makes it much easier to install and makes it possible to significantly save materials.

1. Advantages of a hipped roof:

1. In regions with high wind load, such a roof design provides little wind resistance and reduces the load on the entire truss system as a whole.
2. A four-pitched roof is stronger than a two-pitched one and is less subject to deformation.
3. This design makes it possible to make overhangs and cornices of considerable dimensions, which well protects the walls from precipitation.

2. Disadvantages of a four-pitched truss system:

1. Price. Such a rafter system is more expensive than a gable one. But if we take into account the arrangement of brick gables for gable design, then the difference will not be that big.
2. Reduced attic space. At equal area, like the whole building has two additional slopes, will reduce the habitable volume of the attic space. On the other hand, when living attic it needs to be heated, and with a smaller attic space, heating costs will decrease slightly.
3. Tilt-mounted window systems. They will be regularly exposed to snow, rain and other adverse events and the possibility of leaks and loss of sealing is much higher than that of vertically installed window systems.

3. Types of truss structures of hipped roofs:

3.1 Classic hip

It is made of two slopes in the form of triangles and two of a trapezoidal type, the rafters are made without fractures, they start from the ridge, the overhangs come out the same in height.

Scheme of the rafters of a four-pitched hip roof

3.2 Tent

Visually it looks simpler, but do-it-yourself installation is much more difficult than a classic roof. Consists of a truss structure where rafters are installed equal length connecting in one place.

Diagram of the rafters of a hipped roof

3.3 Other types

There are also types hipped roof, how - semi-hip, hip-pediment, multi-forceps, tambourines other.

For comparison, the main types of hipped roofs can be seen in the figure below:

Types of hipped roofs; a - hip; b - tent; in - half-hip; g - hip-pediment: 1 - skate; 2 - hip; 3 - triangular slopes; 4 - pediment; 5 - slope; 6 - groove (valley); 7 - support board

4. Features of the installation of a hipped roof

During the construction of a hipped roof, the main technical document is the design drawings. Roofing schemes can be easily found on the Internet, but if you want to be 100% sure that your roof is reliable, then you need to contact the designers. The design firm will perform a calculation based on the specifics of climatic conditions, wind and snow load, building dimensions and other important parameters, such a calculation will be strictly individual, and therefore accurate and reliable.

The frame of a hipped roof is not made from roof elements- Mauerlat is located on the main load-bearing walls. This structural detail must be mounted strictly in a horizontal position in order to ensure the exact geometry of the entire building. Ceiling beams are mounted on the support beam, in the manufacture wooden frame, rafters are strengthened on top of the crown.

5. The device of the roof truss system of a four-pitched roof:

• To support the diagonal rafters, they are fixed with shortened rafters (spiders).
• With a large roof area, truss trusses are used so that the loads are transferred to them from the roof rafters. They are supported by additionally made puffs also located longitudinally and transversely wooden beams.
• Next, the installation of crossbars, struts, racks is carried out and a tightening system is installed, these parts relieve the rafters from part of the load, due to which the structure acquires additional rigidity.
• From above, the diagonal parts are fixed on a ridge run, which, in turn, abuts against the longitudinal beam of the attic floor. The height of the ridge is determined according to the design documentation.
• For reliable fastening of the Mauerlat with rafter legs, you need to make notches, tie-ins with your own hands, supplementing them with iron fasteners. The joints of the rafter legs and the support beam must be done carefully and reliably, the strength of the entire structure depends on them.
• The horizontal rafters in the upper part are connected by horizontal crossbars, which can be made from a board 40 mm thick and 120 mm wide. They are located at a distance of 100 cm from the top of the ridge. Thanks to crossbars, hip slopes have good resistance to loads from strong winds.
• The roof overhang protrudes from the walls of the building at a distance depending on the length of the rafters used; if necessary, they can be extended by fastening two boards.
• After mounting the diagonal truss elements, it is required to install ordinary rafters in increments of about 600 mm.

Name of the main elements of the truss system of a four-pitched hip roof

After the truss structure system is fully equipped, it is necessary to make a crate, properly lay the hydro and vapor barrier and process wooden elements antiseptic preparations.

If it is not foreseen to equip the attic space for living quarters, then this type of roof is the most reliable and economical option arrangement of the roof in a private house.

Classic - the design with four slopes remains unusual for Russians, evoking associations with the overseas way of life. It is built when they want to apply interesting architectural solutions, to achieve a special effect that is perceived differently, the house compares favorably with monotonous buildings.

The photo of the hipped roof shows a wide variety of options, the main thing is to build in accordance with all the rules, then you can take advantage of the many benefits.

Varieties of hipped roofs

Making drawings of hipped roofs on your own is a difficult task: specialists will be able to correctly perform calculations. The slopes are performed as isosceles triangles, when the roof looks like a square from above, it is hipped, and if it resembles a rectangle, the variety is called a hip.

Classic variation

The classics include a hip or Dutch roof, which is resistant to adverse weather conditions: strong winds and heavy snowfalls.

The surface of the structure is formed by 2 slopes in the form of a trapezoid on the long sides and 2 slopes with a triangular shape on the short sides.

Many modern architects believe that, aesthetically, a Dutch roof looks more presentable than a hipped one. The rafter system is formed by 4 support bars, they descend from the slopes to the upper corners of the structure.

2 types of semi-hip roof:

• Dutch - cut off a part from the end upper side from the side slopes.
• Danish - cut off a part from the end bottom side from the side slopes.

Dutch roof construction

The semi-hip combines the characteristics of a gable and four-slope roof: the end slopes are presented in the form of triangles, the length of the hip is 1.5 - 3 times less than the length of the side slopes.

Design allows installation vertical window, it does not have a sharp protrusion characteristic of gable roof, so the roof can withstand large wind loads.

Danish roof construction

This type of hip roof is characterized by ease of installation, it is necessary to mount the end slope from below, leaving a small pediment under the ridge.

The Danish design provides the following benefits to users:

• No need to install problematic skylights that require high-quality waterproofing.
• The option provides good daylight attic floor thanks to vertical glazing.

hipped roof construction

A type of roof is installed on buildings with a square perimeter, important nuance- all slopes should have the same shape. The construction of a tent structure is more difficult when compared with a hip structure: it is necessary that the rafters converge at one point.

truss system

Do-it-yourself four-pitched roof - optimal solution for everyone who wants to save money family budget. The sequence of construction work:

The planning and design phase is time consuming and every detail needs to be carefully considered. No matter how easy the installation of the roof may seem, be sure to make a drawing that will help to detect flaws and shortcomings.

If the calculation of the hipped roof is done incorrectly, it will be quite difficult to correct the situation - as a result of an error, the diagonal rafters will not connect in the ridge. Better take advantage the best option, prepare the drawing using one of the special graphics programs.

Creating a 3D model allows you to see what the future roof will look like in order to prepare detail drawing seek professional help.

Preparation of structural elements

Mauerlat is laid on top along the perimeter of the walls, its task is to serve as a support for the rafters, the material of manufacture is a beam of 15x10 cm.

The slope of the roof is made using rafter legs, standard rafters are made from boards 50X150 mm, diagonal - 100X150 mm.

Special puffs do not allow the rafter legs to move, they are fixed, and their ends are connected at the bottom, for manufacturing they take a board 50X150 m.

A bed made of timber 100x100 mm or 100x150 mm is cross beam, which serves as a support for the racks that hold the ridge run.

The slopes do not allow the rafters to move, they are set at an angle to the uprights, the material of manufacture is a beam with the same dimensions as for the manufacture of the bed.

On the vertical rack the skate rests, it is made of material for the Mauerlat.

A horizontal wind board connects the rafter ends from below, it is nailed to the rafters from the inside of the roof using a 100x50 mm board.

WITH outer side structures attach a filly - a board of exactly the same material.

The most complex element is considered to be a sprengel, it stiffens the roof, connecting the horizontal and vertical components. Sprengel is made from a bar with dimensions of 100x100 mm, it must be installed at an angle.

Jugs or shortened rafters are only available in hip roof, they are made from a board 50x150 mm.

Installation of the attic floor

Roof suspensions are best made of steel, special clamps and girders are used for fastening, suspended ceiling significantly reduces the load.

If the trusses are steel, then the ceiling is made fireproof; reinforced concrete slabs prefabricated type, and a light insulation is placed on them.

Optimal material for manufacturing load-bearing structures are large-sized prefabricated panels with high fire resistance.

Setting the skate run

You will need to make 2 runs if the structure has capital longitudinal walls or there are internal pillars in 2 rows. When internal supports are provided in the building, construction trusses are made and the ceiling is suspended from them. When the width of the house is large, the structure is hung on steel clamps to the truss belt below.

Installation of rafters

Diagonal rafter legs should rest on the ridge, they are additionally fixed with a metal wire.

When one run is made, the diagonal legs are nailed to the consoles, and when there are two runs, they are attached to a trussed structure made of a horizontal beam with uprights.

Photo hipped roof