Construction of a tent roof of a brick house. Tent roof with your own hands: drawings, calculation of the rafter system. Types of tent roofs and their calculation

The tent is called the roof, which is a four-tight coating of the roof. It consists of identical triangular rods, be sure to be chained in the center. Compliance with symmetry is the main thing in the construction of such a roof.

In their outlines, the roof of this type is similar to the tent, hence the name. Since the tent roof has a similar geometry with a quadruple pyramid, such a roof is often called pyramidal (Pyramidal roof).

Most often, the tent roof is erected over the buildings of the square shape. Sometimes, when the tent roof is erected, a larger number of skates is used, the main thing is that it looks like a pyramid or polygon with equal sides.

This is one of the varieties of four-tight roofs. According to the design and features in the construction, it is very similar to the holm roof: it also lacks the frontaths, and the abnormal sinks take place on the entire perimeter of the structure.

According to historians, the appearance of the roof in the form of a tent goes into the depths of the centuries, even the shalas of primitive people resembled the shape of the tent. Excavations conducted in Mesopotamia, where once existed one of the most ancient developed states, show that more ancient Suchmers built buildings with roofs in the form of tents, especially often such roofs were used on the buildings of religious orientation: the heads, temples, chairs. Tent roofs can be found on the old towers and locks, where the designs are strongly reminded by a steep descent.

Currently, such roofs are often used in the construction of cottages, arbors and other low-rise buildings.

Design

The design features of this type of roof include the arrangement of the rafter system, it is designed in two ways:

Hanging rafter system It is as follows: the rafter beams are based on the walls, creating horizontal pressure, in this system requires a special screed system. Used in this time, if the roof spans have large sizes, and the installation of the backup is not provided in the project.

Cover method More popular, but, for its execution, it is necessary to have a bearing wall, indoors. It is the main load on it, but the pressure on the walls, when the roof is erected in this way, is practically absent.

The roof of the tental form has a number of advantages that should be told:

for buildings with the tent roof, the frontones are not provided, which strongly reduces the consumption of materials and work on the construction of the frontones and the swing of the soles;
the roof of this type has excellent aerodynamic properties, it is not terrible with strong winds, and the design features will not let the sediments fall into the attic room;
the surface of such a roof is heated by sunlight at once from several sides, on sunny days the room under a radiated roof will be more warm;
skates of such a roof are located at a certain angle, which contributes to the rejection with the roof of rainwater and the melting snow.

But, like each design, this roof has a number of shortcomings:

the tent roof is quite complex in designing and erection, but at the end of construction, a rich appearance and ease of use, often hide this deficiency;
the design of this roof is replete with a large number of connections, beams and rafters, it is necessary to strictly monitor the reliability of all nodes and connections, in order to avoid the loss of stiffness and the shape of the plane when the roof is erected;
the cost of construction is to install such a roof, as a rule, it is necessary to hire professionals in their field, which always increases the construction process;
an attic room or attic, erected under the roof in the shape of a tent, is significantly inferior in the size of the room under the duplex roof;
great waste when using most roofing coatings (especially).

Popularity

The use of tent roofs in our time got quite large distribution, they are used not only in private construction, but also when erecting all sorts of modern buildings. Also, used to decorate buildings intended for entertainment centers or expensive restaurants. Such a roof gives any extravagance and exotic.

Based on the tent roof design more complex buildings. Currently, in an unlimited number of forceps, hearing windows and elements of other roof types are added to the tent-based design. Cut parts of the hip roofs, complicating the design gives it a more beautiful and elegant look.

Tent roofs at home attract attention from afar. The laconicity of the shape and the apparent simplicity of the roof bribes, so the desire to make a similar roof naturally. That for construction it is necessary to foresee and how to build a roof.

Tent or hip roof

The most economical option for the roof of a private house, from the point of view of saving materials for construction, is a tent roof. The roof rates are made in the form of an equally chained triangles forming a total vertex, the roof base is square.

The roof in the form of a tent is a variety of four-piece roof.

By the way, another name of the tent roof is a hip roof. The base of the holm roof is also a rectangle, two side faces triangular, and the other two represent a trapezium.

The impeccable symmetry of the skate and the rafting roof system requires an accurate calculation and coordination of actions when it is erected independently. In order to make such a roof, it is necessary to study the features of its design.

Designs of tent roofs

The main elements of the rapid roof system in the form of a tent are:

Diagonal rafters located in the corners of the roof frame

Malelalat's support beam, serving the support of the ends of the rafter

Cropped rafters or narins attached to the covered rafters

Support scrollings

Additional supports (runs, riglels and litters), creating additional roof rigidity.

Nevertheless, the complex location of the elements of the tent roof and the rafter creates a popular stable system, which is used in the construction of country houses. Naturally, the calculation of the tent roof is required, the formulas of which are based on trivial methods for calculating triangles.

Calculation of the tent roof

The purpose of calculating the tent roof is to find the volume of materials necessary for its construction (roofing, subcode material),

disease and device of the rafter system for specified parameters. In addition to volumetric parameters, the angle of inclination of the slope and the dynamic strength of the entire system are calculated.

Of course, according to the number of parameters, the calculation is sufficiently solid and complicated, so it is recommended to use online calculator.

As a result of the calculation, the following data will be obtained:

Corners of inclination Side Side

The total surface area of \u200b\u200bthe roof (taking into account the soles)

Length of diagonal, lateral and emerging rafters

Number of required rafters for system device

Bruse volumes for rafters (m3)

The number of rows of crates.

The data obtained is sufficient to build the tent roof with their own hands.

We build a tent roof

The construction of the tent roof is recommended to start with small architectural forms, such as roofs of an open arbor or garage. Excellent reason to study the construction of the roof and the subsequent improvement of the surveyed skills in the work!

frame

The frame of the tent roof has a classically simple design and consists of 4 diagonal rafters and 8-table (2 pink for each raftered).

The roof mounting starts with the construction of the frame. It must be remembered that for wooden houses the framework will rely on the upper crowns, for brick houses and houses from Foam concrete to Mauerlat.

installing Mauerlat and Support Bruis

There are such ways to attach Mauerlat:

Using steel wire

Using building studs

Using anchor bolts.

Mounting Maurolalat with the use of wire produce by laying pieces of steel wire at a distance of 20-30 mm. After drying the masonry, the timber is wrapped and the ends are fixed.

Construction studs for fastening have a M-shaped and maximum immersion depth in a concrete pillow up to 450 mm. To install the studs, Mauerlat are placed and drilled holes for installation. Then the studs are installed on the place and tighten the nut.

Useful advice

Regardless of the selected method of fastening the Maurolalat when installing the fastener, it is necessary to take into account the presence of a waterproofing layer. Waterproofing material is pierced before the introduction of studs. After the fill with concrete, it is necessary to clean the threads of the studs before the concrete is frozen.

Mounting Maurolala with anchor bolts produce directly in Armopoyas before the fill. To mark the holes for the anchor bolts prepare the board and place the installation location on it. Then the board is applied to the verge of Mauerlat and drill holes according to the markup. Prepared Mauerlat put on the bolts, put the puck and twist the nut.

installation of the rafter system

Aligning Mauerlat around the perimeter, you can move to the installation of the solid system - diagonal rafters, which are located on the diagonals of the tent roof. For reference: The main load of the rafter system of the tent roof is on diagonal rafters. Diagonal beams have a significant length and respectively weight.

Installation of diagonal rafters are produced according to the calculated spacer or infection scheme, along which the rafter foot of the diagonal beam can be restricted in Maurylalat or beam. The angle of inclination of diagonal rafters can be up to 23 °. The second pair of diagonal rafters is installed in a similar way. After installing long diagonal rafters, two short pits are adjacent to them.

When working, it may be necessary to shutting up the top plate of the sumps that you want to put on the edge at an angle. The crying located in Endowee is shy by a groove. This makes it easier to make the styling of the crate.

Useful advice

According to the chosen project, all associated operations in the construction of a tent roof - the construction of the crate, the Endament, the framing of pipes and openings is produced during the installation of the rafter system. Strict observance of the technology of construction will provide a good result.

Choice of fasteners for the construction of a tent roof

The choice of fasteners for the construction of the roof it is necessary to pay special attention.

The next metal fastener will be involved for connecting elements of the rafter system:

Perforated plates toothed and nail

Staples, clamps, screws and nails

Corners steel perforated

Slasons and slips for fastening rafters.

In addition, wooden products may be required:

Begroes and plates

Triangles Brucki

Pads when creating a thickening connection.

By and large, the tent roof (see photo) is the same hip roof, in which the length of the skate is zero, i.e. There is no skate, and all angular rafters converge at one point. Most often it is erected at home, the box of which is the square.

Let's look at one example of such a roof. The rafters will rely on the beams of overlapping. Suppose we have a box of a house of 10x10 meters with a partition carrier in the middle.

STEP 1: We establish Mauerlas, beams of overlapping and removal (see Fig. 1). Overlapping and removal beams, ranging from the middle, i.e. First central, and then from them left-left the rest with a calculated step.

Picture 1

We see that the extreme beams of overlapping and extreme removal are from the corner of the house at the same distance. As we talked in the article, the distance is desirable to take at least 0.8-1 meters.

Step 2: In the middle of the future roof, we set a central rack from a bar of 150x150 mm. It is determined from the preliminary sketch of the roof made on paper. The rack is fixed strictly vertically using two temporary shapes (see Fig. 2). After we set the central rafters in the next step, the drives can be removed. In subsequent figures, they are not shown.

Figure 2.

Step 3: We make and install four central rafters of the skates.

How rafters are placed, shown in Fig. 3.

Figure 3.

Thus, we make all four central rafters of the skates and install them (see Fig.4):

Figure 4.

At the top of each other, they can be sewed either by nails or with metal corners, as shown in the figure.

Step 4: Send wind boards and install angular deposits (see Fig. 5). How to make angular deposits is also described in detail in the article on the Walm Roof (link above):

Figure 5.

Step 5: We make and install angular rafters.

For this, first of all stretch the lace (see Fig. 6):

Now I want to show the way we always use when installing corner rafters with a length of more than 6 meters (when they are already increasing). First of all, we take two boards of 6 meters. One we do only the bottom washed, the other is only the top. Then we put these two boards, stitching them with each other nails right at the place. We also immediately put the rack (see Fig. 7):

Figure 7.

Now the roulette measure the length of two pieces, which we lack - one with the top dress, the other with the bottom. We make them and coat on already standing boards.

Thus, we make all four corner rafters (see Fig.8):

Figure 8.

Step 6: We add to the corners of the removal, which is not enough, and, if necessary, put under the rack rafters (see Fig. 9):

Figure 9.

The need to install racks is determined by the calculation, depending on the size of the roof and snow loads. Racks are desirable to lean on the carrying partitions, or to put the soot. The ability to install racks on the beams of overlapping is also checked by the calculation. We talked about this in the article. At the same time, always try to displace the rack closer to the bearing walls to reduce the load on the beams.

Step 7: We make and install all these nurses (see Fig. 10). The procedure for the manufacture of these agencies is shown

Figure 10.

For these narons, based on the removal, above Mauerlat put small backups.

After that, we still have to be used the eaves from the bottom and make a doom.

The tent roof is a rather popular design to date. Construction of your own house on a homeland territory or in the village involves the installation of a roof of a certain form, to choose which is necessary on the basis of personal preferences.

The tent roof is considered a classic velocity of a scope roof resistant to wind and snow.

The design of a holm roof resembles a tent. You should know that the installation of such a roof can be performed independently. To do this, it will be necessary to make the right calculation. It is important to have at least the slightest idea of \u200b\u200bthe construction of a private house. The roof is fixed in the same way as on other roofs.

The scheme of the frame design of the tent roof is shown in Fig. one.

The tent roof can have plenty of row or be round, it is only important to observe symmetry. In appearance, the design resembles a tent. These products have no frontones, which makes it possible to significantly save on materials in the process of construction work.

Advantages and disadvantages of the tent roof

If there is a desire, the tent roof can be done on any building. However, the preferred option is the one when the base of the private house is performed in the form of a square.

The main advantage of the four-piece roof of this type is aerodynamics, which can protect the building from constant winds. Air flows will leave for skates, without harming and not falling into the indoor indoor.

Figure 1. Scheme of the frame design of the tent roof: 1 - angular raftered; 2 - short rafters; 3 -Conx timber; 4 - central intermediate rafters; 5 - intermediate rafters.

The following are substantial disadvantages:

Complex frame design.
Small sizes. The area is equal to the ceiling area, but the useful volume is small.

Standard tent roof is a pyramid with a rectangular base or square form. In the first case, installation of 4 triangular rods is envisaged, and in the second - 2 triangular and 2 trapezoids. All the skates can rely on the walls of the private house or go beyond their limits.

The roof circuit of the private house is simple, its calculation can be performed in several ways. The tent roof is constructed using the Pythagorean table. The calculation of the area of \u200b\u200bthe skates and the valves is very simple, however, it will take a long time for the calculation of the accumulative rafal legs.

First you need to assemble the frame design yourself. After that, the installation of a four-page or dupping roof is performed. It should be known that the system of the rafal system in this case will be not easy.

Nuances that should be considered

To make the roof makes it correctly, it is necessary to comply with such rules:

In the process of the construction of the skate system and rafters should use the same tree of wood.
Intermediate rails must have a strong slope, so their minimum size is 150x50 mm.
Elements of small length are fixed to the details of the rafted, which are placed in the corners. To the skate rail, short details are not allowed.
In the design you need to use intermediate rafting legs, which are placed in the central part of the product. They are attached at the skate rail.
These items necessarily need to be overtaken in the upper part of the strapping and in the skate rail. To install on your own, you will need to imagine a frame design and prepare a drawing.

Installation of the rafter system of the tent roof.

It is important to take into account the following nuances:

The horse must be a carrier axis.
As the power components of the rafting system will be used by accident rails, one part of which should be outside the private house, and the other is fixed on the skate.
Central rafting legs must be fixed at the ends of the skate and output on all walls.
From the skate must be the intermediate rafting legs.

Elements that need to be prepared in order to build a tent roof with their own hands:

lobzik;
a hammer;
self-tapping screw;
drill;
bars and rails;
roofing material;
metal brackets (can be made independently from the rod 9-10 mm).

Sequence of action for the manufacture of a tent roof

Install the roof is needed before mounting the ceiling. First of all, on the perimeter of the building (on top of the walls), a timber should be laid in order to distribute weight throughout the base. You can use a beam or metal beam as a bar. The element is called Mauerlat. It can be fixed with special studs. Next, you need to perform such actions:

Marking of the tent roof.

The first thing is the axis on the upper strapping. It is necessary to place from the end of the building.
Next, you need to calculate ½ the thickness of the skate rail and mark the place of installation of the initial element of the rafted system.
After that, the bar must be attached to the marked line and place the installation site of the intermediate rafter foot.
The placement of the remaining elements of the rafter should be calculated by moving the slap on the side wall and markup of the location of each rafter foot.
Actions need to be repeated with other angles.

In the process of preparing the tent roof, you need to use several types of farms. These are the rods of an ordinary farm that are fastened in a skate. Additionally, you can use lateral triangular rafting legs. When they are installed, you need to pay attention to the absence of discrepancies in length and the slope of these parts. They must be clearly out for all sides. The length of the sink should be chosen on the basis of the features of the construction. Maximum value - 1 m.

To increase the strength of the tental structure, when installing, you can use a cross beam that strengthens the central lines.

How to calculate the tent roof?

It will take to prepare a rake for measurements. It can be built from ordinary plywood. The width of the element should be 5 cm. It is necessary to prepare the table of relations between the placement of the rafter and their length. It can be seen in fig. 2.

Figure 2. Calculation of the tent roof.

The bar must be measured the projection of the intermediate rafting leg. The table should find the necessary slope and multiply the data.

The calculation of the sink length of the rafter is performed in the same way. It will be necessary to multiply a horizontal projection on the coefficient. These data can be obtained and using the Pythagoras Theorem: A² + B² \u003d C².

On the one hand, all the rafter legs have a slant cut, which is needed to fasten to the skate rail. The calculation of the corner rafter is performed in this way:

From the corner it is necessary to measure the length of the rafted.
To determine the length of the angular part, the value obtained must be multiplied by the coefficient that is contained in the table.

Then the Valm Area is calculated. To facilitate the calculations, you need to submit a scat in the form of triangles. After that, the area of \u200b\u200bthe steroid base of the roof is calculated. Then the calculation of the roof.

Frame construction roofing

First you need to install verticals for the skate rail. Next, diagonal rafters are installed. After that, the installation of the coverage and rafting legs is performed. The installation step of the elements is 60 cm. Fasten them follows the way to the skate. Word can be built with a power tool. Bruks should not touch Maurolat fixation points.

The tent roof device from metal tile or other material can be performed using diagonal rafter feet of such species:

Hanging elements that are based on the walls and create a driving force horizontally. It is advisable to use in the absence of internal partitions.
Curvas elements that are based on not only on the walls, but also on supporting parts.

In frame structures made of wood, the entire system of the rafter will rely on the upper strapping of the base of the private house, and in the cutters - on the upper crowns of the structure. In brick houses, as reference elements, Maurylalat or Bar, which is stacked on pre-prepared walls. Preparatory work is reduced to equalizing the base of the top row of masonry and the fill with the screed. In some cases, in order to more reliably tie Mauerlat, mortgage parts are mounted in this base.

Top of the design around the perimeter are installed support bars and liters.

Between the masonry of the brick and Mauerlat, you will need to lay material for waterproofing.

The gain of the roof will depend on the dimensions of the construction. It will be necessary to install an additional shprengel, on which the rack is fixed. If the area of \u200b\u200bthe house is very large, then double rails should be used for diagonals.

Tent roof with your own hands: scheme

Tent roof: roof project and its design and project

At one of the stages of the project for the construction of a private house outside the city, you think about the shape of the roof. Walm or tent roof is currently the most popular. Its appearance and design resemble a tent. This roof has its pros and cons. For mounting and installing this roof you do not have to hire specialists.

You can easily assemble the roof frame with your own hands. To do this, you need to be able to make calculations and have an idea of \u200b\u200bthe design and mechanism of the rafter system at home. It must be remembered that the roof is attached in the same way as other designs. For greater confidence, you can call an assistant.

The main advantage of the design of the tent roof is aerodynamics, it opposes strong gusty winds. The air flows will leave on the skates, without causing harm, and without even entering the attic.

The main minus of such a roof is a complicated frame, its sheet installation and the fact that the attic rooms are very small. Of course, the area of \u200b\u200bthe attic is equal to the ceiling area, but the useful volume of the room is very small.

A classic tent roof mechanism is a special pyramid with square or rectangular base. Triangular rods and trapezoids are usually based on the walls of the house or go beyond their limits.

The main scheme of the tent roof of the house is pretty simple, and it can be calculated in various ways. The tent roof is installed using the Pythagorean system and table. And you will not be much difficulty to calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe skates and the valves, but the calculation of the location and installation of the covers and ordinary rafters takes out quite a long time.

Construction of a tent roof begins with a frame assembly. After that, the roof is attached. The mechanism of the rafter system is quite complex. Below we consider in more detail how to make a frame, make calculation and make roof.

Basic rules of the tent roof device

Manufacturing and installation of the roof follows the following rules:

For the construction of the skate system and rafters use the same tree and material.
Intermediate boards have a sharp tilt angle, and their size should be at least 50x150 mm.
Short parts and elements are fixed to the angular components of the rafter, and not to the ski board.
During construction in the design, intermediate central rafters attached to the skateboard.
And they should be removed into the upper end of the strapping or in the skateboard.

The following elements of the tent roof should be fixed in the drawing:

the central part of the construction is a hat, is a carrier axis;
copy rafaling components of the rafter system, one end will act beyond the house, and the other is attached to the skate;
central type rafters are attached at the ends of the skate and are displayed on all walls;
intermediate rafters, departing from the skate, should go strictly on the skates;

Tent roofing do it yourself

At the beginning of work on the entire perimeter of the house, the timber is stacked for a more uniform distribution of mass throughout the surface. It is also called Maurylalat. It must be fixed on the wall of the house with special studs. Next you need to do the following:

place the axis from the end of the skeleton house along the top strapping;
calculate half the thickness of the skate timber and mark the place of installation of the initial element of the rafter;
one end of the measurement rail to attach to the marked line and mark the place of the intermediate rafter;
to calculate the sink of rafters, one end of the bar must be put on the rod of the roof, and the second is an angle on the outside of the wall of the house;
calculate the location of other elements of the central type rafter by moving the rail along the side wall of the house and the markup of the position of each rafter;
on the rest of the corners, the same is repeated;
materials for the roof you can buy in special construction stores. To date, the market presents a wide selection of roofing coatings of optimal quality at an affordable price.

Calculation of the elements of the tent roof

For this calculation you will need a special measurement rack.. It is performed from standard plywood width 5 cm. There is a special table of length ratios and arrangement of the rafted.

Thanks to these data, which are presented in detail in the table, the length of the legs rafters is the product of the intermediate or corner coefficient of its projection. To increase the accuracy and accuracy of the calculations, be sure to use this table. Consider an example of calculating the roof roof, you measured with a rack horizontal projection of the intermediate line.

On the table you will find an angle of inclination that will suit your case and multiply the data.

Calculate the length of the sink rafters you can also. You need to multiply a horizontal projection on a specific coefficient. Also, these data can also be calculated using the Pythagora theorem for the rectangular triangle according to the formula: A2 + B2 \u003d C2. Where a and b are horizontal and vertical projections.

Corner elements

In all rafters, on the one hand, there is an oblique cut, which is necessary for fastening to the skate bruus. Konk has a special cutting with a double boss for a more reliable fixation of parts and elements at the corners of the house.

And the calculation of the rafter of the angular type is made as follows:

from the corner you need to measure the full length of the rafted;
it will be a product of the squares of the lengths of the rafter central projections.

The resulting number must be multiplied by the coefficient specified in the table, and the length of the corner rafter will be.

Then the area of \u200b\u200btriangular rods is calculated. They are also calculated by the Pythagoreo theorem. To simplify calculations, you need to submit a scat in the form of two rectangular triangles. Next, calculate the scene area of \u200b\u200bthe side surface of the roof of the house.

And at the very end, we calculate the roof. Indicators of all areas need to be summed, and the minimum roof area will be.

Tools and building materials

You can build a tent design of a standard type, or elongated in one direction or in the form of a truncated pyramid.

Mounting frame with your own hands

Originally mounted verticals for the skating timber. After that, the installation of diagonal rafters of the same in length begins.

Next is the installation of the columns, and then ordered with a certain step of 60 cm, which are fixed with the help of a skate and Mauerlat. You can do a word of both with your own hands and a special power tool.

Then, on the diagonal guides, narcents are enshrined, for a bunch of covered bars and Mauerlat under a certain angle relative to the roof ridge.

An important point, ordinary bars in no case should concern the points of the Maurolalat compound.

The roof gain will directly depend on the dimensions of the house. The addition shprengel is stacked, i.e. The timber between the adjacent sides of the rafter. And already installed a rack or a shrgel farm. With a very large area of \u200b\u200bthe house for diagonals, double beams are used. Double roofing and single-sided mounted in a similar way.

Tent roof: roof project and its design and project

Design of the tent roof with their own hands. What materials and tools for the roof need to buy. Step by step guide to roof and roofing design + video

Tent roof with your own hands

Tent roofing design consists of triangular rods. As a rule, the number of skates is equal to four, but if desired, the owner can change their number. The main thing is that the finished design is reliable and symmetrical.

Outwardly, such a roofing design is similar to the tent, for which he received its name. There are no frontones in the roof, which makes it possible to additionally save on construction and finishing roofing materials. Under the condition of competent arrangement, such a roof will have an attractive and original appearance.

The arrangement of the tent roof requires the performer of the presence of special knowledge and skills. With the construction of the tent roofing design, you can cope with your own hands. The main thing is to correctly fulfill the necessary calculations and strictly follow the instructions when performing each event.

Required calculations

Before you go to the store for the required materials, familiarize yourself with the procedure for making calculations and make a roof project suitable for your case.

Traditionally, the composition of the roof under consideration includes 4 inclined skate.

If the base of the structure has the form of the correct square, the construction area is calculated by multiplying the area of \u200b\u200bone roofing slope by 4.

Frame of a tent roof

However, if the base of the system has a rectangle form, then first it is necessary to determine the total value of two different rectangles, and then increase the resulting number twice.

To establish a roofing area, which is a chaired triangle, you must multiply the length of the figure of the figure to its height value, and then increase the resulting number twice.

When performing the calculations, you need to find out the value of the area of \u200b\u200bcornice sinks that have the form of an equally shared trapezium. This calculation is performed by multiplying the height of the figure exactly by 50% the values \u200b\u200bof the sum of the base lengths of the trapezoidal figure.

The calculation of the tent roofing system can be performed in two ways. The first assumes the calculation using the height of the skate and the length of the roofing structure. In accordance with the second method of calculation, it is necessary to take into account the length of the length of the diagonal lines, as well as the length of the perimeter of the base.

In addition, in the calculation process, it is necessary to pay attention to the parameters of a variety of additional components that are included in the roofing design. These elements include:

The angle of inclination and the length of the rafter

To calculate the calculation, it is more understandable, you are offered a simple example of the implementation of the main settlement measures. Initial data:

dimensions of the house - 6x6 m;
length of diagonal rafters - 521 cm;
skate height - 297 cm;
the slope of roofing rods - 35 degrees;
the width of the carnisy sweep is 600 mm.

In the first one of the previously mentioned two ways, determine the height of the roofing triangle. To do this, use the Pythagores theorem, in accordance with which to calculate the square of the height, it is necessary to take away from the value of the square of the roofing slope length of half the width of the base, also erected into the square.

In the considered example, the calculation will show that the elevation square is 4.24 m in the square. According to a simple formula, it is possible to determine that the area of \u200b\u200bone triangular skate will be 12.72 m 2.

Due to the fact that the roof base is a square with a side of 6 m, the calculated area of \u200b\u200bthe area needs to be increased 4 times. As a result, you define the total area of \u200b\u200broofing rods equal to 50.88 m 2 in this example.

Determine the area of \u200b\u200bthe cornice light. The length of the length of a shorter base of the trapezoidal figure you already know - 6 m. To set the length of a larger base, you need to use the simplest form, relevant for such figures.

Four-sheet roof (tent)

In accordance with the calculations, the length of a larger base will be 704 cm, and the figure of the figure as a result will be 4.76 m 2.

To establish the total area of \u200b\u200bthe scenes multiply the value calculated in the previous step.

As a result, the total amount of tent roofing structures will be 69.91 m 2.

What you need to know about the system of rafters?

Tent roofing design can be erected with the use of a considerable or hanging system. The final version is selected in accordance with the terms of the specific situation.

For example, it is rather difficult to cope with the installation of hanging rafters rather difficult, and there will be irrational time to repair such a design. Such rafters are usually shutdown in those situations where there are no inner walls in the house, and the rafters can rely solely on the bearing walls of the design.

The urban rafters are easier and financially beneficial in arrangement. The system is placed on the middle bearing wall, as well as intermediate support pillars recorded on a reinforced concrete base.

The rolling rafters are most often used when installing four-tight roofing structures with a slope of more than 40 degrees.

It is important to choose the right version of the support for the roofing system. If the house is a frame, the roof must be described on the upper strapping. In the case of brick and stone buildings, the support function performs Maurylalat, and when the roof is arranged, the roofing system is fixed to the upper crowns.

Determine the optimal cross section of rafting legs. To do this, you need to know a number of parameters, namely:

step by mounting elements of the rafter system;
the slope of roofing rods;
alleged snow, wind and other loads;
the magnitude of the span, etc.

It is important to know the main parameters of the elements of the roofing design of the tent type.

So, if the rafting legs have a length not exceeding 300 cm, the rafters need to be placed in increments at 110-135 cm. The optimal diameter of the log for such a situation is 100 mm, and the size of the board is 100x80 mm.

If the savory rafters need to be opened on the extreme hanging farm, the principle of creating an attachment node depends on the cross section of the side rafting legs

If the rafting legs have a length in the range from 300 to 400 cm, they must be fixed at a distance of 140-170 cm. To arrange such a rafter system, it is recommended to use logs with a diameter of 150 mm or a board with dimensions of 100x90 mm.

If the rafters have a length in the range of 400-500 cm, they must be fixed in increments in the limit 110-135 cm, using a log design to arrange a 200 mm diameter, as well as boards with dimensions of 200x80 mm.

During the arrangement of the system, the rafters from the elements of length not more than 650 cm of the rafter should be placed in a step in the limit 110-140 cm, using a log structure with a diameter of 240 mm or a glass of 220x120 mm to the arrangement of a log.

To arrange runs, use the timing of 100x50 mm or a log of 160 mm with a diameter.

Mauerlat is traditionally erected from a bar 100x50 mm either a log diameter with a diameter of 120 mm.

Racks, Rigels and Slopes are made from a bar with a cross section of 100x50 mm or logs with a diameter of 120 mm.

It is important that the rafting legs have strictly the same length, and the narons were docked by the rotary.

The most common slope of the slopes of tent roofing structures is maintained in the range of 40-60 degrees, however, depending on the parameters of the finish roofing material, the slope can be slightly changed. The dependence is as follows:

when using tile, the slope is withstanding in the range of 30-60 degrees;
when using sheet roofing materials and materials based on asbestoscent, the slope will be between 14 to 60 degrees;
when using rolled materials, the magnitude of the slope will be 8-18 degrees.

The order of installation of the roof

The process of arrangement of the tent roof includes several stages.

First stage

Make a design project and make the necessary calculations in accordance with previously provided recommendations.

Second phase

Buy the required amount of materials taking into account dimensions and characteristics approved by the project.

Third stage

Place Mauerlat along the entire length of the structure. Stropile legs will be installed on it.

If the house is built of brick, Mauerlat is best laid on the inside of the walls. In this case, there is a moisture insulating material between Mauerlat and the wall. For waterproofing, the runneroid is often used. So that the rafting legs do not resist, you need to mount the grille with the corresponding parameters.

If the house is built of wood, with Mauerlat's functions in most cases, the upper part of the church can cope.

Fourth stage

Install the supporting beam for rafters (run) at the top of the rafter design. The supporting beam should be placed in parallel with respect to Mauerlat. The recommended distance between the two mentioned elements is up to 450 cm.

Fifth stage

Installing diagonal bonds, sinks and dies.

For the manufacture of diagonal bonds, 250-450 mm boards are commonly used. They must be confused to the base of the rafter foot.

You need to equip the scheduled number of skates (usually 4). At this stage, work in accordance with your drawings.

Sixth stage

Warm roof. First, the waterproofing material is fastened, the insulation is placed under it, and under the insulation - the membrane vapor barrier film.

Bakery on UNDOVA and roofing ridges

In conclusion, you will only have to lay the desired finishing roofing material and establish a different kind of additional elements like waterproofs, etc.

Now you are aware of the main features of the tent roofing design, you know, in what order the calculation of the system is performed, what should be its main elements and in which sequence is directly arranged the arrangement of the roof. Follow the instructions at the same time focusing on the position of the existing project, and everything will definitely work out.

Tent roof with your own hands - calculations and installation!

Find out how the tent roof is equipped with their own hands. Detailed manual for calculating and installing roofing system. Photo + video.

Tent roofs are used for low-rise residential buildings and various economic attacks. Most often, they are constructed over buildings that have equilateral bearing walls, and the foundation plan is a square type. You can meet such architectural elements and over round structures, in this case the number of rods more than four.

The main difference between the tent roof is the complete absence of a skate. This is a very important detail of the rafter systems, it assumes the efforts of rafting legs. The function of this element is assigned to the central support, in the top of which rafters converge. In this regard, much attention should be paid to its strength. There are variants of rafter systems without a central support, the upper heels of the rafter feet rest in each other. Such options are most often applied on small buildings. All skate systems have the shape of equilateral triangles.

The tent roof has many manufacturing options, but everyone must have the following elements.

Types of rafter systems, advantages and disadvantages of the tent roof

Table. The main types of the toddar rafter system.

Advantages of the tent rafter system

The disadvantages include the complexity in the manufacture of the rafter system. The tent roof has a large number of different nodes and elements, each of which can have a negative impact on stability indicators. Another disadvantage - difficulties in the conversion of attic premises for residential, such variants of the rafter systems are extremely rarely used under the attic. Sometimes there is an increased consumption of roofing materials to disadvantages, but it depends not so much from the characteristics of the rafter system, as from the professionalism of the roofers.

Prices for bar

General Tips for the construction of rafter systems of tent roofs

Specific solutions are made by a master with the size and features of the design of the tent roof. But for all cases there are general recommendations, the execution of which guarantees the stability of the design.

Additional emerges of the emerging rafters

Top of the tent system

Very complex from a technological point of view and the most responsible node from an architectural point of view. It has two solutions: rafter legs rest on one support installed in the center of the building, or each other. The first option ensures the maximum stability of the design, but its installation requires the presence of a rigid support. The optimal option is in the middle of the building there is a carrier wall. An acceptable option - during the construction of the ceiling overlap, reinforced beams or litters are provided. When calculating the parameters, the maximum possible load on the roof should be taken and the safety reserve coefficient is applied.

The use of the compound only in the upper heels of the emerging rafters without vertical support is applied only on small structures. At the same time, a complex of special construction measures is used to increase the stiffness of the structure.

Narozhniki

Can be recorded using special lower stops, directly to the savory rafters or mixed method. Modern technologies allow you to record these aphones, which not only enhances the rafting system, but also greatly simplifies the work.

Constructive solutions of the tent roof, especially without a central support, significantly increase the spacer loads on Maurylalat. Such a situation requires its strengthening, all nodes should be based on accurate calculations and with unconditional compliance with construction norms.

And finally, the general recommendation - if you do not have a serious practical experience in building ordinary scanty rafaling systems, it is not categorically necessary to take the tent. This is one of the most complex rafting systems, all its elements are so interrelated and interdependent that the violation of the stability of one becomes the cause of complete destruction of the roof. The tent rafter design does not have completely identical elements, and everyone needs to be approached individually.

Prices on construction boards

Building boards

Calculation of the tent construction

First, consider the algorithm to calculate the basic values \u200b\u200bof the system. We take into account that the roof has four skate, each of which is an equilateral triangle. The angle of slope is selected depending on the area of \u200b\u200bthe coating and the climatic zone of the object location. Taking into account the climatic zone in the tables of construction norms and the rules, the minimum allowable slot angle is selected.

The length of the central rafylic depends on the angle of inclination and is determined by the well-known formula of the rectangular triangle. Initially, it is necessary to find the length of the diagonal, this is done with an estimated or ordinary measurement. The second method is easier, with the help of a roulette, find this value.

We have an angle of inclination of the rods, find the tangent on the Internet, multiply it to Dina half of the category and the result is the height of the vertical support of the tent roof. Next, you should calculate the length of the covered rafter. It is calculated in several formulas, the most simple of them Theorem Pythagora: c 2 \u003d A 2 + B 2Where:

c - the length of the rafylic;

a - half of the construction category;

b - the height of the vertical support.

From here - the length of the rafter is equal to the square root of the sum of the squares of the specified values. That's all, if it is made independently difficult, then there are a large number of online calculators on the Internet. After the data is entered, not only the size of the system elements is given, but also calculates their number.