Today everyone has homemade Masters Available required tool For cutting metal, drilling, stripping. But how to be if you need to drill a hole big diameter? After all, the maximum cross section of the usual drill for manual electric drills It is only 20 mm.

Fixtures for drilling big holes

There are several ways to drill a hole with a diameter of more than 20 mm. For this, special devices are applied:

• Cone drill. A large number of openings will fail to drill the same size. But for home use quite acceptable. Maximum cross section - up to 40 mm. The thickness of the processed metal is 5-6 mm.
• Cone stepped drill. More convenient to use, since each step is formed by a smooth spiral transition. When drilling, this makes it easy to track the actual diameter of the opening. With it, you can drill a circle to 40 mm in diameter on metal with a thickness of up to 6 mm.
• Bimetallic crowns are suitable for the preparation of holes up to 109 mm in steel products with a thickness of up to 5 mm. When working, it is strongly recommended to apply specialized lubricating and cooling formulations, which will ensure the maximum operational resource. cutting tool. Also, adapter is needed to install the device to the electric drill. On average, with the help of a bimetallic crown, 5-20 openings can be drilled - depending on its quality, which, accordingly, is reflected in the cost.

How can you drill a large hole without excess costs?

For this method, it will take a small cross section (5-6 mm sufficient) drill, as well as the cutter or the spent circle (corresponding or slightly less than the hole diameter) for the grinder. An option is more time-consuming, so much more time is required.

On the metal harvesting pencil is scheduled for 2 circumference:

• 1 - for the future hole.
• 2 - depends on the cross section of the drill, that is, when using a 6 mm tool, the diameter of the outlined circle will be 6 mm less than the previous one.

On the 2nd circle, it is necessary to put 2 places in opposite places and drill holes with a drill of 6 mm. From the obtained openings on the planned line, it is necessary to retreat approximately 3 mm and put places for the drilling. The holes are drilled along the contour of the entire circumference. If necessary, the remaining areas can be filled with chisel.

The hole will be with jar, so it needs to be crowned. This can be performed by an electric door with a cutter, but it is much more convenient - the grinder using credit abrasive circles. suitable diameter. The grinder can be quickly and smoothly crowded the hole to the required diameter.

Therefore, it is not necessary to throw away the spent abrasive circles for the grinder with a diameter of even less than 45 mm - they can always come in handy in the farm.

Work on the drilling of holes in the metal, depending on the type of holes and properties of the metal, can be performed different tool and using various techniques. About drilling methods, tools, as well as safety techniques When performing these works, we want to tell you.

The drilling of the holes in the metal may be needed during the repair engineering systems, household appliances, car, creating structures made of sheet and profile steel, designing aluminum and copper crafts, in the manufacture of boards for radio equipment and in many other cases. It is important to understand which tool is needed for each type of work so that the holes are the desired diameter And in a strictly intended place, and what safety measures will help avoid injury.

Tools, fixtures, drills

The main tools for drilling are manual and electric drills, as well as, if possible, drilling machines. The working body of these mechanisms is drill - may have a different form.

Distinguish drills:

• spiral (most common);
• screw;
• crowns;
• conical;
• pern, etc.

Production cut various design Normated numerous gtales. Up to Ø 2 mm are not labeled, up to Ø 3 mm - on the shank it is indicated by a cross section and steel brand, large diameters may contain additional information. To obtain a hole of a certain diameter, you need to take a drill for several tenth millimeters less. The better the drill is sharpened, the smaller the difference between these diameters.

Rolls differ not only with a diameter, but also length - short, extended and long. Important information is the limiting hardness of the cultivated metal. The shank rolled can be cylindrical and conical, which should be borne in mind when selecting a drilling cartridge or transition sleeve.

1. Drill with a cylindrical shank. 2. Drill with a conical shank. 3. Drill with switches for thread. 4. Center drill. 5. Drill with two diameters. 6. Centering drill. 7. Conical drill. 8. Conical multistage drill

Some works and materials require a special sharpening. The stringently the metal processed, the sharper the edge should be sharpened. For thin sheet metal The usual spiral drill may not come up, you will need a tool with a special sharpening. Detailed recommendations for of different types Rolls and processed metals (thickness, hardness, type of hole) are quite extensive, and we will not consider them in this article.

Different types of drill sharpening. 1. For rigid steel. 2. for of stainless steel. 3. For copper and copper alloys. 4. For aluminum and aluminum alloys. 5. For cast iron. 6. Bakelit

1. Standard sharpening. 2. Free sharpening. 3. Diluted sharpening. 4. Heavy sharpening. 5. Separate sharpening

To secure parts before drilling, vice, stops, conductors, corners, bolts, and other devices are used. This is not only a safety requirement, it is actually more convenient, and the holes are obtained better.

To remove the champers and processing the channel surface, use the cylindrical or conical shape, and for the point of the point under drilling and the drill "not jumped" - the hammer and kerner.

Tip! Best coarse spools It is still considered to be issued in the USSR - the exact following of the GOST according to the geometry and composition of the metal. Good and German Ruko with titanium spraying, and also rolled from Bosch - Verified quality. Good feedback About Haisser products - powerful, usually large diameter. A dignity showed themselves the bison, especially the Cobalt series.

Drilling modes

It is very important to securely fix and send the drill, as well as select cutting mode.

When performing holes in metal drilling important factors Are the number of revolutions of the drill and feed force attached to the drill, directed by its axis, which ensures the drill tolerance at one turn (mm / O). When working S. various metals And the twisters are recommended various cutting modes, and the more hard-processed metal and the larger the diameter of the drill, the smaller the recommended cutting speed. The correct mode indicator is beautiful, long chips.

Take advantage of the tables to choose the right mode and do not fasten the drill prematurely.

Feed S 0, mm / about	Diameter of drill d, mm
	2,5	4	6	8	10	12	146	20	25	32
	Cutting speed V, m / min
When drilling steel
0,06	17	22	26	30	33	42	—	—	—	—
0,10	—	17	20	23	26	28	32	38	40	44
0,15	—	—	18	20	22	24	27	30	33	35
0,20	—	—	15	17	18	20	23	25	27	30
0,30	—	—	—	14	16	17	19	21	23	25
0,40	—	—	—	—	—	14	16	18	19	21
0,60	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	14	15	11
When drilling cast iron
0,06	18	22	25	27	29	30	32	33	34	35
0,10	—	18	20	22	23	24	26	27	28	30
0,15	—	15	17	18	19	20	22	23	25	26
0,20	—	—	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22
0,30	—	—	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	19
0,40	—	—	—	—	14	14	15	16	16	17
0,60	—	—	—	—	—	—	13	14	15	15
0,80	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	13
When drilling aluminum alloys
0,06	75	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
0,10	53	70	81	92	100	—	—	—	—	—
0,15	39	53	62	69	75	81	90	—	—	—
0,20	—	43	50	56	62	67	74	82	-	-
0,30	—	—	42	48	52	56	62	68	75	—
0,40	—	—	—	40	45	48	53	59	64	69
0,60	—	—	—	—	37	39	44	48	52	56
0,80	—	—	—	—	—	—	38	42	46	54
1,00	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	42

Table 2. Correction factors

Table 3. Turns and feed with different diameter of drill and drilling carbon steel

Types of holes in the metal and methods of their drilling

Types of holes:

• deaf;
• cross-cutting;
• half (incomplete);
• deep;
• large diameter;
• for internal threads.

Threaded holes require the definition of diameters with tolerances set in GOST 16093-2004. For widespread hardware, the calculation is shown in Table 5.

Table 5. The ratio of metric and inch threads, as well as selection of the size of the hole for deploying

Metric carving				Inch thread				Pipe thread
Diameter of thread	Thread step, mm	Thread diameter		Diameter of thread	Thread step, mm	Thread diameter		Diameter of thread	Thread diameter
		min.	max.			min.	max.
M1.	0,25	0,75	0,8	3/16	1,058	3,6	3,7	1/8	8,8
M1,4	0,3	1,1	1,15	1/4	1,270	5,0	5,1	1/4	11,7
M1,7	0,35	1,3	1,4	5/16	1,411	6,4	6,5	3/8	15,2
M2.	0,4	1,5	1,6	3/8	1,588	7,7	7,9	1/2	18,6
M2.6	0,4	2,1	2,2	7/16	1,814	9,1	9,25	3/4	24,3
M3.	0,5	2,4	2,5	1/2	2,117	10,25	10,5	1	30,5
M3.5	0,6	2,8	2,9	9/16	2,117	11,75	12,0	—	—
M4.	0,7	3,2	3,4	5/8	2,309	13,25	13,5	11/4	39,2
M5	0,8	4,1	4,2	3/4	2,540	16,25	16,5	13/8	41,6
M6	1,0	4,8	5,0	7/8	2,822	19,00	19,25	11/2	45,1
M8.	1,25	6,5	6,7	1	3,175	21,75	22,0	—	—
M10.	1,5	8,2	8,4	11/8	3,629	24,5	24,75	—	—
M12.	1,75	9,9	10,0	11/4	3,629	27,5	27,75	—	—
M14	2,0	11,5	11,75	13/8	4,233	30,5	30,5	—	—
M16	2,0	13,5	13,75	—	—	—	—	—	—
M18	2,5	15,0	15,25	11/2	4,333	33,0	33,5	—	—
M20	2,5	17,0	17,25	15/8	6,080	35,0	35,5	—	—
M22.	2,6	19,0	19,25	13/4	5,080	33,5	39,0	—	—
M24	3,0	20,5	20,75	17/8	5,644	41,0	41,5	—	—

Through holes

Through holes permeate the workpiece completely, forming a passage in it. The peculiarity of the process is to protect the surface of the workbench or countertops from the release of the drill beyond the workpiece, which can damage both the drill itself, as well as supply the billet "Busken" - GARTA. To avoid this, the following ways are used:

• use workbench with hole;
• put under the part for a piece of wood or "sandwich" - wood + metal + tree;
• put under the part metal bar with a hole for the free passage of the drill;
• reduce the feed rate at the last stage.

The last method is required when driving holes "at the place" so as not to damage closely located surfaces or parts.

The holes in the thin metal metal are cut with perovy rods, because the spiral drill hurts the edge of the workpiece.

Deaf hole

Such holes are performed on a certain depth and do not permeate the workpiece through. You can measure the depth in two ways:

• limiting the length of the drill in the sleeve focus;
• limiting the length of the drill with a cartridge with adjustable focus;
• using a ruler fixed on the machine;
• combination of methods.

Some machines are equipped with an automatic feed system to a predetermined depth, after which the mechanism stops. In the process of drilling, you may need to stop working several times to remove the chips.

Holes of complex shape

Holes located on the edge of the workpiece (half) can be performed by connecting the edges and pressing two blanks or blanks and gasket and driving a complete hole. The gasket must be made of the same material as the workpiece being processed, otherwise the drill will "leave" in the direction of the smallest resistance.

The through hole in the corner (profile metal) is performed by fixing the workpiece in the vice and using wooden gasket.

It is more difficult to perform the drilling of a cylindrical billet by tangent. The process is divided into two operations: preparation perpendicular opening of the site (milling, zenkovka) and the actual drilling. The drill of the holes in the surfaces located at an angle are also starting from the preparation of the site, after which the wooden gasket is inserted between the planes, forming a triangle, and drilled the hole through the angle.

Hollow parts are drilled by filling out the cavity of the tube from the wood.

Holes with ledges are obtained using two techniques:

1. Crew. The hole is drilled over the entire depth of the smallest diameter drill, after which it is drilled to a predetermined depth. The advantage of the method is a well-centered hole.
2. Reduce diameter. The hole of the maximum diameter is drilled on the predetermined depth, then the roller change with a sequential decrease in diameter and the recess of the hole. In this case, the method is easier to control the depth of each stage.

1. Development of the hole. 2. Reducing diameter

Large diameter holes, ring drill

Obtaining a large diameter holes in massive blanks, a thickness of up to 5-6 mm, the case is time consuming and cost. Relatively small diameters - up to 30 mm (a maximum of 40 mm) can be obtained using cones, and better step-conical swells. For larger diameter holes (up to 100 mm), hollow bimetallic crowns or crowns with carbide teeth with a centering drill will be needed. And the masters traditionally in this case recommended Bosch, especially on a solid metal, for example, steel.

Such an annular drilling is less energy-proof, but may be more costly financially. In addition to the roller, the power of a drill and the ability to work at the lowest revs. Moreover, the thickness of the metal, the stronger the hole in the machine will want, and with a large number of holes in a sheet with a thickness of more than 12 mm, it is better to immediately look for such an opportunity.

In a thin-plate billet, a large diameter hole is obtained using narrow-grained crowns or cutter, fixed on the "Bulgarian", but the edges in the latter case leave the best.

Deep holes, coolant

Sometimes it is required to perform a deep hole. In theory, it is a hole, the length of which is five times more diameter. In practice, deeply called drilling, requiring forced periodic removal of chips and the use of coolant (lubricating and cooling fluids).

In the coolant drilling is needed primarily to reduce the temperature of the drill and billets, which are heated by friction. Therefore, when obtaining holes in copper, which has a high thermal conductivity and itself is capable of removing heat, coolant can not be applied. Cast iron (except high-strength) is concerned relatively easily and without lubrication.

Industrial oils, synthetic emulsions, emulsols and some hydrocarbons are used in production. In domestic workshops you can use:

• technical Vaseline, castor oil - for soft steels;
• laundry soap - for aluminum alloys of type D16T;
• kerosene mixture with castor oil - for duralumin;
• soap water - for aluminum;
• skipidar, diluted with alcohol - for silumin.

Universal cooled liquid can be prepared independently. To do this, it is necessary to dissolve 200 g of soap in a bucket of water, add 5 spoons of machine oil, can be used, and boil the solution until a soapy homogeneous emulsion is obtained. Some wizards to reduce friction use pork fat.

Processed material	Lubricating and coolant
Steel:
carbonistic	Emulsion. Heated oil
structural	Cereal oil with kerosene
instrumental	Mixed oils
alloyed	Mixed oils
Cast iron puffy	3-5% emulsion
Cast iron cast	Without cooling. 3-5% emulsion. Kerosene
Bronze	Without cooling. Mixed oils
Zinc	Emulsion
Brass	Without cooling. 3-5% emulsion
Copper	Emulsion. Mixed oils
Nickel	Emulsion
Aluminum and its alloys	Without cooling. Emulsion. Mixed oils. Kerosene
Stainless, heat-resistant alloys	A mixture of 50% of the drying oil, 30% kerosene, 20% oleic acid (or 80% sulfofresol and 20% oleic acid)
Fiber, viniplast, plexiglass and so on	3-5% emulsion
Textolit, Getinaks	Grinding with compressed air

Deep holes can be performed with solid and annular drilling, and in the latter case, the central rod formed by the rotation of the crown is not entirely, and with parts, weakening it with additional holes of the small diameter.

The solid drilling is performed in a well-fixed billet with a spiral drill, in the channels of which is supplied. Periodically, without stopping the rotation of the drill, it is necessary to extract it and purify the cavity from the chips. The work with a spiral drill is performed in stages: first they take a short and screw the hole, which then bueys the corresponding size drill. With a significant depth of the opening, it is desirable to use guide conductor sleeves.

With regular surveillance deep holes You can recommend the acquisition of a special machine with automatic coolant feed to drill and accurate centers.

Drilling on markup, template and conductor

You can drill holes by setting up or without it - using a template or conductor.

Marking is performed by kerner. The hammer impact is planned for the tile of drill. Feltaster, too, you can mark the place, but the hole must also be so that the tip does not move from the intended point. The work is performed in two stages: pre-drilling, control of the opening, final drilling. If the drill "left" from the planned center, a narrow chisel is made of notches (grooves), sending the edge to a specified place.

To determine the center of the cylindrical billet, use a square piece of fusions bent under 90 ° so that the height of one shoulder is approximately one radius. Applying a corner from different sides of the workpiece, swipe along the edge. As a result, you have an area around the center. You can find the center by theorem - the intersection of perpendicular from two chords.

The template is needed when performing a series of uniform parts with multiple holes. It is convenient to use it for a pack of thin-leaf blanks, connected clamps. So at the same time, you can get a few drilled blanks. Instead of a template, sometimes the drawing or scheme is used, for example, in the manufacture of parts for radio equipment.

The conductor uses when the accuracy of the detention of distances between the holes and the strict perpendicularity of the channel is very important. When drilling deep holes or when working with thin-walled tubes, in addition to the conductor, guides can be used, locking the position of the drill relative to the metal surface.

When working with power tools, it is important to remember the safety of a person and premature the premature wear of the instrument and a possible marriage. In this regard, we collected some useful tips:

1. Before work, you need to check the attachments of all items.
2. Clothing when working on a machine or with an electric drill should not be with elements capable of entering rotating parts. Eyes from chips protect the glasses.
3. The drill when approaching the metal surface should be rotated, otherwise it quickly fills.
4. It is necessary to remove the drill from the hole without turning off the drill, if possible, reducing turnover.
5. If the drill does not deepen into the metal, it means that its hardness is lower than that of the workpiece. Increased hardness in steel can be revealed by spending on a sample with a file - the absence of traces indicates increased hardness. In this case, the drill must be chosen from solid alloy with additives and work on low revs with a small feed.
6. If the small diameter drill is poorly fixed in the cartridge, wrap on its shank several turns of brass wire, increasing the diameter to capture.
7. If the surface of the workpiece is polished, wear the felt washer on the drill to be guaranteed not to apply scratches even when contact with the drill patron. When fixing billets from polished or chrome steel, use gaskets from fabric or skin.
8. In the manufacture of deep holes, a rectangular piece of foam plastic, planted on the drill, can serve as a meter and simultaneously, rotating, blow up a small chips.

Work on the drilling of holes in the metal, depending on the type of holes and properties of the metal, can be performed by a different tool and using various techniques. About drilling methods, tools, as well as safety techniques When performing these works, we want to tell you.

The drilling of the holes in the metal may be needed when repairing engineering systems, household appliances, car, creating structures from sheet and profile steel, designing aluminum and copper crafts, in the manufacture of boards for radio equipment and in many other cases. It is important to understand which tool is needed for each type of work so that the holes are the desired diameter and in a strictly intended place, and what safety measures will help to avoid injury.

Tools, fixtures, drills

The main tools for drilling are manual and electric drills, as well as, if possible, drilling machines. The working body of these mechanisms is drill - may have a different form.

Distinguish drills:

• spiral (most common);
• screw;
• crowns;
• conical;
• pern, etc.

Production rolled various designs is normalized by numerous gtales. Twisted to Ø 2 mm are not labeled, to Ø 3 mm - on the shank it is indicated by a cross section and steel grade, large diameters may contain additional information. To obtain a hole of a certain diameter, you need to take a drill for several tenth millimeters less. The better the drill is sharpened, the smaller the difference between these diameters.

Rolls differ not only with a diameter, but also length - short, extended and long. Important information is the limiting hardness of the cultivated metal. The shank rolled can be cylindrical and conical, which should be borne in mind when selecting a drilling cartridge or transition sleeve.

1. Drill with a cylindrical shank. 2. Drill with a conical shank. 3. Drill with switches for thread. 4. Center drill. 5. Drill with two diameters. 6. Centering drill. 7. Conical drill. 8. Conical multistage drill

Some works and materials require a special sharpening. The stringently the metal processed, the sharper the edge should be sharpened. For a thin metal, the usual spiral drill may not come up, you will need a tool with a special sharpening. Detailed recommendations for various types of rolling and processed metals (thickness, hardness, type of hole) are quite extensive, and we will not consider them in this article.

Different types of drill sharpening. 1. For rigid steel. 2. For stainless steel. 3. For copper and copper alloys. 4. For aluminum and aluminum alloys. 5. For cast iron. 6. Bakelit

1. Standard sharpening. 2. Free sharpening. 3. Diluted sharpening. 4. Heavy sharpening. 5. Separate sharpening

To secure parts before drilling, vice, stops, conductors, corners, bolts, and other devices are used. This is not only a safety requirement, it is actually more convenient, and the holes are obtained better.

To remove the champers and processing the channel surface, use the cylindrical or conical shape, and for the point of the point under drilling and the drill "not jumped" - the hammer and kerner.

Tip! The best swells are still considered to be issued in the USSR - the exact following GOST according to the geometry and composition of the metal. Good and German Ruko with titanium spraying, and also rolled from Bosch - Verified quality. Good products about Haisser products are powerful, as a rule, large diameter. A dignity showed themselves the bison, especially the Cobalt series.

Drilling modes

It is very important to securely fix and send the drill, as well as select cutting mode.

When performing holes in the metal drilling, important factors are the number of drill speeds and feed force attached to the drill, directed by its axis, ensuring the drill tolerance at one turn (mm / O). When working with various metals and swells, various cutting modes are recommended, and the more hard-processed metal and the larger the diameter of the drill, the smaller the recommended cutting speed. The correct mode indicator is beautiful, long chips.

Take advantage of the tables to choose the right mode and do not fasten the drill prematurely.

Feed S 0, mm / about	Diameter of drill d, mm
	2,5	4	6	8	10	12	146	20	25	32
	Cutting speed V, m / min
When drilling steel
0,06	17	22	26	30	33	42	—	—	—	—
0,10	—	17	20	23	26	28	32	38	40	44
0,15	—	—	18	20	22	24	27	30	33	35
0,20	—	—	15	17	18	20	23	25	27	30
0,30	—	—	—	14	16	17	19	21	23	25
0,40	—	—	—	—	—	14	16	18	19	21
0,60	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	14	15	11
When drilling cast iron
0,06	18	22	25	27	29	30	32	33	34	35
0,10	—	18	20	22	23	24	26	27	28	30
0,15	—	15	17	18	19	20	22	23	25	26
0,20	—	—	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22
0,30	—	—	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	19
0,40	—	—	—	—	14	14	15	16	16	17
0,60	—	—	—	—	—	—	13	14	15	15
0,80	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	13
When drilling aluminum alloys
0,06	75	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
0,10	53	70	81	92	100	—	—	—	—	—
0,15	39	53	62	69	75	81	90	—	—	—
0,20	—	43	50	56	62	67	74	82	-	-
0,30	—	—	42	48	52	56	62	68	75	—
0,40	—	—	—	40	45	48	53	59	64	69
0,60	—	—	—	—	37	39	44	48	52	56
0,80	—	—	—	—	—	—	38	42	46	54
1,00	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	42

Table 2. Correction factors

Table 3. Turns and feed with different diameter of drill and drilling carbon steel

Types of holes in the metal and methods of their drilling

Types of holes:

• deaf;
• cross-cutting;
• half (incomplete);
• deep;
• large diameter;
• for internal threads.

Threaded holes require the definition of diameters with tolerances set in GOST 16093-2004. For widespread hardware, the calculation is shown in Table 5.

Table 5. The ratio of metric and inch threads, as well as selection of the size of the hole for deploying

Metric carving				Inch thread				Pipe thread
Diameter of thread	Thread step, mm	Thread diameter		Diameter of thread	Thread step, mm	Thread diameter		Diameter of thread	Thread diameter
		min.	max.			min.	max.
M1.	0,25	0,75	0,8	3/16	1,058	3,6	3,7	1/8	8,8
M1,4	0,3	1,1	1,15	1/4	1,270	5,0	5,1	1/4	11,7
M1,7	0,35	1,3	1,4	5/16	1,411	6,4	6,5	3/8	15,2
M2.	0,4	1,5	1,6	3/8	1,588	7,7	7,9	1/2	18,6
M2.6	0,4	2,1	2,2	7/16	1,814	9,1	9,25	3/4	24,3
M3.	0,5	2,4	2,5	1/2	2,117	10,25	10,5	1	30,5
M3.5	0,6	2,8	2,9	9/16	2,117	11,75	12,0	—	—
M4.	0,7	3,2	3,4	5/8	2,309	13,25	13,5	11/4	39,2
M5	0,8	4,1	4,2	3/4	2,540	16,25	16,5	13/8	41,6
M6	1,0	4,8	5,0	7/8	2,822	19,00	19,25	11/2	45,1
M8.	1,25	6,5	6,7	1	3,175	21,75	22,0	—	—
M10.	1,5	8,2	8,4	11/8	3,629	24,5	24,75	—	—
M12.	1,75	9,9	10,0	11/4	3,629	27,5	27,75	—	—
M14	2,0	11,5	11,75	13/8	4,233	30,5	30,5	—	—
M16	2,0	13,5	13,75	—	—	—	—	—	—
M18	2,5	15,0	15,25	11/2	4,333	33,0	33,5	—	—
M20	2,5	17,0	17,25	15/8	6,080	35,0	35,5	—	—
M22.	2,6	19,0	19,25	13/4	5,080	33,5	39,0	—	—
M24	3,0	20,5	20,75	17/8	5,644	41,0	41,5	—	—

Through holes

Through holes permeate the workpiece completely, forming a passage in it. The peculiarity of the process is to protect the surface of the workbench or countertops from the release of the drill beyond the workpiece, which can damage both the drill itself, as well as supply the billet "Busken" - GARTA. To avoid this, the following ways are used:

• use workbench with hole;
• put under the part for a piece of wood or "sandwich" - wood + metal + tree;
• put under the part metal bar with a hole for the free passage of the drill;
• reduce the feed rate at the last stage.

The last method is required when driving holes "at the place" so as not to damage closely located surfaces or parts.

The holes in the thin metal metal are cut with perovy rods, because the spiral drill hurts the edge of the workpiece.

Deaf hole

Such holes are performed on a certain depth and do not permeate the workpiece through. You can measure the depth in two ways:

• limiting the length of the drill in the sleeve focus;
• limiting the length of the drill with a cartridge with adjustable focus;
• using a ruler fixed on the machine;
• combination of methods.

Some machines are equipped with an automatic feed system to a predetermined depth, after which the mechanism stops. In the process of drilling, you may need to stop working several times to remove the chips.

Holes of complex shape

Holes located on the edge of the workpiece (half) can be performed by connecting the edges and pressing two blanks or blanks and gasket and driving a complete hole. The gasket must be made of the same material as the workpiece being processed, otherwise the drill will "leave" in the direction of the smallest resistance.

The through hole in the corner (profile metal) is performed by fixing the workpiece in the vice and using a wooden gasket.

It is more difficult to perform the drilling of a cylindrical billet by tangent. The process is divided into two operations: preparation perpendicular opening of the site (milling, zenkovka) and the actual drilling. The drill of the holes in the surfaces located at an angle are also starting from the preparation of the site, after which the wooden gasket is inserted between the planes, forming a triangle, and drilled the hole through the angle.

Hollow parts are drilled by filling out the cavity of the tube from the wood.

Holes with ledges are obtained using two techniques:

1. Crew. The hole is drilled over the entire depth of the smallest diameter drill, after which it is drilled to a predetermined depth. The advantage of the method is a well-centered hole.
2. Reduce diameter. The hole of the maximum diameter is drilled on the predetermined depth, then the roller change with a sequential decrease in diameter and the recess of the hole. In this case, the method is easier to control the depth of each stage.

1. Development of the hole. 2. Reducing diameter

Large diameter holes, ring drill

Obtaining a large diameter holes in massive blanks, a thickness of up to 5-6 mm, the case is time consuming and cost. Relatively small diameters - up to 30 mm (a maximum of 40 mm) can be obtained using cones, and better step-conical swells. For larger diameter holes (up to 100 mm), hollow bimetallic crowns or crowns with carbide teeth with a centering drill will be needed. And the masters traditionally in this case recommended Bosch, especially on a solid metal, for example, steel.

Such an annular drilling is less energy-proof, but may be more costly financially. In addition to the roller, the power of a drill and the ability to work at the lowest revs. Moreover, the thickness of the metal, the stronger the hole in the machine will want, and with a large number of holes in a sheet with a thickness of more than 12 mm, it is better to immediately look for such an opportunity.

In a thin-plate billet, a large diameter hole is obtained using narrow-grained crowns or cutter, fixed on the "Bulgarian", but the edges in the latter case leave the best.

Deep holes, coolant

Sometimes it is required to perform a deep hole. In theory, it is a hole, the length of which is five times more diameter. In practice, deeply called drilling, requiring forced periodic removal of chips and the use of coolant (lubricating and cooling fluids).

In the coolant drilling is needed primarily to reduce the temperature of the drill and billets, which are heated by friction. Therefore, when obtaining holes in copper, which has a high thermal conductivity and itself is capable of removing heat, coolant can not be applied. Cast iron (except high-strength) is concerned relatively easily and without lubrication.

Industrial oils, synthetic emulsions, emulsols and some hydrocarbons are used in production. In domestic workshops you can use:

• technical Vaseline, castor oil - for soft steels;
• economic soap - for aluminum alloys of type D16T;
• kerosene mixture with castor oil - for duralumin;
• soap water - for aluminum;
• skipidar, diluted with alcohol - for silumin.

Universal cooled liquid can be prepared independently. To do this, it is necessary to dissolve 200 g of soap in a bucket of water, add 5 spoons of machine oil, can be used, and boil the solution until a soapy homogeneous emulsion is obtained. Some wizards to reduce friction use pork fat.

Processed material	Lubricating and coolant
Steel:
carbonistic	Emulsion. Heated oil
structural	Cereal oil with kerosene
instrumental	Mixed oils
alloyed	Mixed oils
Cast iron puffy	3-5% emulsion
Cast iron cast	Without cooling. 3-5% emulsion. Kerosene
Bronze	Without cooling. Mixed oils
Zinc	Emulsion
Brass	Without cooling. 3-5% emulsion
Copper	Emulsion. Mixed oils
Nickel	Emulsion
Aluminum and its alloys	Without cooling. Emulsion. Mixed oils. Kerosene
Stainless, heat-resistant alloys	A mixture of 50% of the drying oil, 30% kerosene, 20% oleic acid (or 80% sulfofresol and 20% oleic acid)
Fiber, viniplast, plexiglass and so on	3-5% emulsion
Textolit, Getinaks	Grinding with compressed air

Deep holes can be performed with solid and annular drilling, and in the latter case, the central rod formed by the rotation of the crown is not entirely, and with parts, weakening it with additional holes of the small diameter.

The solid drilling is performed in a well-fixed billet with a spiral drill, in the channels of which is supplied. Periodically, without stopping the rotation of the drill, it is necessary to extract it and purify the cavity from the chips. The work with a spiral drill is performed in stages: first they take a short and screw the hole, which then bueys the corresponding size drill. With a significant depth of the opening, it is desirable to use guide conductor sleeves.

With regular deletion of deep holes, you can recommend the purchase of a special machine with automatic coolant feed to the drill and accurate centers.

Drilling on markup, template and conductor

You can drill holes by setting up or without it - using a template or conductor.

Marking is performed by kerner. The hammer impact is planned for the tile of drill. Feltaster, too, you can mark the place, but the hole must also be so that the tip does not move from the intended point. The work is performed in two stages: pre-drilling, control of the opening, final drilling. If the drill "left" from the planned center, a narrow chisel is made of notches (grooves), sending the edge to a specified place.

To determine the center of the cylindrical billet, use a square piece of fusions bent under 90 ° so that the height of one shoulder is approximately one radius. Applying a corner from different sides of the workpiece, swipe along the edge. As a result, you have an area around the center. You can find the center by theorem - the intersection of perpendicular from two chords.

The template is needed when performing a series of uniform parts with multiple holes. It is convenient to use it for a pack of thin-leaf blanks, connected clamps. So at the same time, you can get a few drilled blanks. Instead of a template, sometimes the drawing or scheme is used, for example, in the manufacture of parts for radio equipment.

The conductor uses when the accuracy of the detention of distances between the holes and the strict perpendicularity of the channel is very important. When drilling deep holes or when working with thin-walled tubes, in addition to the conductor, guides can be used, locking the position of the drill relative to the metal surface.

When working with power tools, it is important to remember the safety of a person and premature the premature wear of the instrument and a possible marriage. In this regard, we collected some useful tips:

1. Before work, you need to check the attachments of all items.
2. Clothing when working on a machine or with an electric drill should not be with elements capable of entering rotating parts. Eyes from chips protect the glasses.
3. The drill when approaching the metal surface should be rotated, otherwise it quickly fills.
4. It is necessary to remove the drill from the hole without turning off the drill, if possible, reducing turnover.
5. If the drill does not deepen into the metal, it means that its hardness is lower than that of the workpiece. Increased hardness in steel can be revealed by spending on a sample with a file - the absence of traces indicates increased hardness. In this case, the drill must be chosen from solid alloy with additives and work on low revs with a small feed.
6. If the small diameter drill is poorly fixed in the cartridge, wrap on its shank several turns of brass wire, increasing the diameter to capture.
7. If the surface of the workpiece is polished, wear the felt washer on the drill to be guaranteed not to apply scratches even when contact with the drill patron. When fixing billets from polished or chrome steel, use gaskets from fabric or skin.
8. In the manufacture of deep holes, a rectangular piece of foam plastic, planted on the drill, can serve as a meter and simultaneously, rotating, blow up a small chips.

All photos from the article

If you need to make a high-diameter hole in the tree, you will have to use special devices, each of which has its own characteristics. We will look at everything possible options and tell about their main advantages and disadvantages so that you can choose optimal option In accordance with the specifics of the work in a particular situation.

Criteria for choosing a qualitative option

Below we will look at the main types of devices, but for now we denote the criteria to match any option regardless of its modification:

Reliable manufacturing material	Of course, it is unlikely to determine this eye criterion, so it is best to ask the seller a quality certificate for the product. Unreliable counterfeit options from China most often have no documents.
Qualitative execution	Carefully consider the product: the surface must be smooth without flaws and marriage, cutting part It must be carefully sharpened. If you get a long-length drill on the tree - check if it can be done on the eye or driving it smooth surface - On it, any violations are immediately visible.
Quality packaging	Low-quality fakes are most often packed with somehow, moreover, there are errors in words. No well-known brand will allow themselves to be an unbroken packaging, remember this.
Cost	The price is also an indicator of quality, as a rule, the most budget options are short-lived, especially if we are talking About drills and fixtures of large size. After all, they are subjected to very high loads in the process of work.

Tip! To be guaranteed to purchase quality product, Whether it is necessary to contact official representatives of a brand or buy products in famous stores that care about their reputation and do not sell cheap fakes.

Types of products and their features

Consider what options can be found in our trading network and what they differ from each other.

Feather drills

The most common I. a budget optionwhich is quite convenient to work even inexperienced masters. And you can also master this simple process.

Consider the main advantages of this decision:

• The range of diameters varies from 10 to 60 mm.
• The work is done quite quickly, but at the same time the quality of the opening is low, it is unlikely to achieve the ideal result.
• The maximum depth of drilling is approximately 150 mm.
• The products are sold either in sets of 5-6 pieces, or separately, so you decide which option suits you.
• If necessary, you can buy an extension agent, which clamps drill and increases its length by 300 mm.

Big options are usually sold individually, small - in sets

It is impossible not to affect such interesting optionAs an adjustable feathery drill, this type of product can make holes with a diameter of 22 to 76 mm. Works are made on low revs using a sufficiently powerful power tool.

Today, each domestic master has a necessary tool for cutting metal, drilling, stripping. But what if you need to drill a hole of a large diameter? After all, the maximum cross section of the usual drill for manual electric drill is only 20 mm.

Fixtures for drilling big holes

There are several ways to drill a hole with a diameter of more than 20 mm. For this, special devices are applied:

• Cone drill. A large number of openings will fail to drill the same size. But for home use is quite acceptable. Maximum section - up to 40 mm. The thickness of the processed metal is 5-6 mm.
• Cone stepped drill. More convenient to use, since each step is formed by a smooth spiral transition. When drilling, this makes it easy to track the actual diameter of the opening. With it, you can drill a circle to 40 mm in diameter on metal with a thickness of up to 6 mm.
• Bimetallic crowns are suitable for the preparation of holes up to 109 mm in steel products with a thickness of up to 5 mm. When working, it is strongly recommended to use specialized lubricating and cooling formulations, which will ensure the maximum operational resource of the cutting tool. Also, adapter is needed to install the device to the electric drill. On average, with the help of a bimetallic crown, 5-20 openings can be drilled - depending on its quality, which, accordingly, is reflected in the cost.

How can you drill a large hole without excess costs?

For this method, it will take a small cross section (5-6 mm sufficient) drill, as well as the cutter or the spent circle (corresponding or slightly less than the hole diameter) for the grinder. An option is more time-consuming, so much more time is required.

On the metal harvesting pencil is scheduled for 2 circumference:

• 1 - for the future hole.
• 2 - depends on the cross section of the drill, that is, when using a 6 mm tool, the diameter of the outlined circle will be 6 mm less than the previous one.

On the 2nd circle, it is necessary to put 2 places in opposite places and drill holes with a drill of 6 mm. From the obtained openings on the planned line, it is necessary to retreat approximately 3 mm and put places for the drilling. The holes are drilled along the contour of the entire circumference. If necessary, the remaining areas can be filled with chisel.

The hole will be with jar, so it needs to be crowned. This can be performed by a mill with a cutter, but it is much more convenient - the grinder using the enraged abrasive circles of a suitable diameter. The grinder can be quickly and smoothly crowded the hole to the required diameter.

Therefore, it is not necessary to throw away the spent abrasive circles for the grinder with a diameter of even less than 45 mm - they can always come in handy in the farm.

How to drill a large hole in metal

Now the drilling of the holes for large diameter in the metal is not a serious problem. The main thing is to prepare well. Suppose you need to do a hole in the corner, a channel or mortgage to strengthen construction construction Or suspend the shelf, lamp or pipeline. That is, it is not in the conditions of the workshop or workshop, but directly at the place. The easiest way to drill in such conditions to use the electric drill. But, imagine what pressure on it should be applied to drill a hole with a diameter of 16 or 20 mm? The question is not rhetorical - the effort will be about 40-50 kgf. It is not easy to ensure that the alleged hole is located above the shoulder level of the borler. 10 years ago, if such a task occurs, even professionals resorted to autogen and, submit only to drilling small holes around the circumference of the big one. Today there is a very professional solution for this - a crown drilling that provides the production of holes of 11 qualifications.

However, many are confident that the coroned drilling is a fairly expensive method economically beneficial only under industrial volumes. Is such a statement right? Partly. To date, you can choose several options tool and equipment for drilling a hole in a large diameter metal without reassuring. At the same time, the costs of one hole will be justified even when drilling of just a few holes.

Consider what are the options tool, for drilling through holes of a large diameter in the metal offers the market. For comparison, we take the diameter of 51 mm.

First, it is bimetallic crowns. Samples are presented from the cheapest, which are immediately sold by sets and cannot be taken to this review for the reason that their purpose is drilling a tree, and if they are drilled by a metal sheet, it will not be thicker 0.5 mm . At a price of 240 rubles, products with a wall thickness of 1-1.2 mm start, often on it there is a HSS marking - CO 5% and even HSS - CO 8, but judging by the fact that the drilling of one hole in the stainless steel goes more than one such Crowns, cobalt there may be not at all. Twice as good Crowns of more decent quality, really allowing drilling a stainless steel and ordinary steel with a thickness of several millimeters. Bimetallic crowns of this level allow you to drill 5-20 holes in a steel sheet with a thickness of 5 mm. At the same time, the use of any lubricating coolant provides achievement top plank This range. The third steps are bimetallic crowns worldwide famous brandswhich are still more expensive, can be equipped with special devices for quick shift in a drill, but on the resource is not much or do not exceed the average price level at all.

The drilling of a large diameter holes in steel sheets with a thickness of more than 5-6 mm for bimetallic crowns is more difficult, although sometimes you can hear another opinion. It is based on data on the full depth of drilling such crowns - 35-38 mm. As a rule, only sellers of bimetallic crowns, which in the range there is no more worthy tool, risk advise to drill 30 mm sheet or beam so far. The fact is that the bimetallic crown is deprived of the chips in the groove, and as soon as the thickness of the muscles becomes greater than the height of the corton tooth, problems with the chips are taped. In addition, the housing of the bimetallic crown is not quite a cylindrical shape, it causes a stirring in the metal of solid thickness.

Unlike bimetallic crowns, crowns with carbide teeth Provide more accurate drilling. The housing of the carbide ring saw is accurate, while the bimetallic crown rolled out of the tape and welded into the ring. There are several types of carbide drilling crowns. Without deepening in the types of shanks and fastening types, we will analyze only the cutting part. The most expensive part of the crown is a solid alloy teeth. From the quality of the material, the speed of drilling, stroke resistance, crown resource and the ability to drill alloyed steel with high chromium was depends.

The second feature on which attention should be paid is a shape of a tooth and its size. For drilling of thin-grained steel, fine stainless steel and non-ferrous metals, a narrow tooth with a flat profile is used, slightly bevelled inside. These crowns also do not have a chips in the groove, and the metal to drill them thicker the height of their tooth will not work. The price of such crowns is two to three times higher than that of bimetallic crowns, depending on the design of their housing, they can be designed to drill flat Materials or for drilling pipes and profiles. Since these are professional samples, currently their fakes are not very common, and almost all samples of acceptable quality samples are available, but excellent quality needs to be chosen from producers specializing in these products.

More thick metal You can drill with crowns with the teeth of the alternating sharpening profile. In such crowns, every second or, as a rule, one of three consecutive carbide teeth It is sharpened in its own way. It provides a soft cutting, lack of vibration, reducing the load on the cutting edges and, as a result, an increase in the rowing resource. In such crowns, there is a short or long, almost all over the height of the wall shabby groove. The first version of the crown allows you to drill a metal with a thickness of up to 12 mm, and more powerful crowns with a developed chip-carrying groove - up to 25 mm. It is this embodiment of a tool for drilling a hole in a large diameter metal is the most progressive, providing better performance and quality. The price of such crowns is 20-30% higher than that of thin-walled and in the absolute value of 1880 - 1910 rubles, as we agreed, for the crown with a diameter of 51 mm. As well as everywhere in nature, there are deviations in one direction or another to 2 times, but, as usual, we are considering building a golden middle.

An option in which the metal is rather thick, say 10 mm, and the diameter of the opening 20-25 mm can be solved by a carbide crown with a pilot drill. A drilling machine on a magnetic sole is recommended as a drive. But you can use the electric drill. With the mentioned attachment machine, 21 164 rubles without VAT, and with a drill - thousand 5,000 - 5,500.

For a hole with a diameter of 50-60 mm, with such a metal thickness, the use of a magnetic or stationary drilling machine is unambiguously required. A large load determines the greater value of investments in the equipment, and together with the crown will be about 56,000 rubles, or the option with a magnetic rack of drilling machine and a separately acquired drill of about 50,000. Drill such holes with a drill with hands - the occupation is not only heavy, but also dangerous .

The drilling of a manual electric drill in metal with a thickness of up to 5 mm of a large diameter holes is not possible when using both bimetallic and carbide crowns. The tool selection is carried out depending on the required accuracy. When drilling holes with bimetallic crown, the ovality of the holes and an increase in the diameter from the desired can reach 4% or in absolute terms - 2 - 3 mm. When drilling a carbide crown - only 0.6 - 1 mm. In addition, all carbide crowns presented in the review, and almost all that are in the market of crowns for metal, drilled and stainless steel.

Drilling of holes in metal - Tools and fixtures

Metal processing is produced not only in industrial conditions. While doing repair work by car, making structures on panstone or carrying out the repair of dwellings, it is necessary to drill holes in the metal. At home, a manual drill is most often applied.
This universal tool Requires certain skills to work with solid products. You can purchase, or make an independent machine for drilling holes in the metal, but it is not cheap pleasure.

The technology of drilling holes in the metal is to remove the thin layer of material due to the simultaneous and rotational movement of the drill.

The main condition for high-quality and safe (for tool) processing is the hold of the axis of the cartridge in a fixed position. With the help of the machine, it is easy to maintain straightness, which you can not say when working with a hand tool.

If you are not confident in hand hardness (this is a normal situation for ordinary person), for drilling at right angles are required mechanical assistants (Conductors).

Immediately disclaim that additional conductors are required only in the case when the metal thickness exceeds the diameter of the drill.

If you make a hole in a thin steel plate, straightness does not matter.

Devices for drilling perpendicular holes

There are several varieties of guides for manual electric drills. Tools S. mechanical drive Poorly suitable for work with metal, especially if it comes to accuracy.

1. Conductor for drilling. It is made in the form of a housing, convenient for retaining, inside which are placed sleeve-guides for drills of different diameters.

The material of the bushings is harder tool, so the holes are not wearing. By installing the conductor exactly above the center of the alleged hole, you can not worry about what the drill will "lead" from the specified direction.

This device is particularly useful when drilling perpendicular holes in small diameter pipes, when the tip strives to slip from the cylindrical surface.

Drill guide (manual). The reference device in which the tool is fixed for the neck

The sole is placed on the workpiece while holding the second hand for the handle. The drill moves strictly vertically, preventing breakdown and drill diluted.

The design may have an angular holder for pipes of a small diameter, which makes the device more versatile.

In the presence of rotary mechanismYou also get a fixture for drilling holes at an angle.


True, the metal will not be drilled in this way, the side loads will quickly break the drill.

Rack for a drill (stationary floor). In fact, is an inexpensive alternative to the drilling machine.

The carriage with the fixed tool (for the same neck) moves on the rod with the lever. The billet is firmly held on the sole with the help of vice or clamp. The quality of drilling is very high, but also the cost of adapting a considerable one. Although in comparison with drilling machine - it's not expensive.

The device for holding drill at right angles can be made independently. It is enough to screw the holes of various diameters in a bar from a durable material, for example - textolite or ebonite.

Only on lateral support should not be expected - it is rather "device" for visual control. With lateral deviation, the drill will quickly break the guide hole in the conductor.

Next problem - the drilling of deep holes

Technologically correct will be turning machine. Moreover, when processing cylindrical parts (for example, a weapon trunk), a blank rotates, and the drill remains fixed. Required cooling and compulsory chip discharge from the hole.

For this drill for deep drilling, special grooves on the surface have special grooves, or the bob is periodically removed from the billet for cleaning from chips.

At home, be sure to use the guides for a drill. The masters recommend not to drill holes, a depth of more than 2/3 from the length of the drill. As cooling, you can use conventional water, the drill is periodically removed from the chip and cooling hole.

Important! When drilling for several approaches, it is unacceptable to change the angle of drill. Otherwise, you can "lock" the workpiece.

The use of special long drills requires special technology.


As soon as the cutting part, together with the discharge edges, hides in the hole, the chips will block the grooves, and block the rotation. Therefore, at the last stage, the extraction of drill and cleaning from chips is more often performed.

Drilling of high-diameter holes in metal

Drilling of large holes in metal with a bimetallic crown - video

This procedure is even more difficult than deep drilling. The drilling of large holes is performed either with a crown (for small thicknesses) or regular drill In several stages.

The technology is the same as in the phased passage. You blend the drill into the hole until you achieve the desired size.

Review of conical stepped drills and tips on their use - video

A few more examples of applying a stepped drill in everyday life

Drilling a stepped metal drill with a thickness of 10 mm

How to choose a tool for drilling holes, we disassembled. Now let's talk about general principles Metal processing:

1. The center of the future hole "breaks through" kerner. The tip of the drill is resting in the hole at first turns. Of course, with the presence of guides or conductor, it is not necessary to do
2. For achievement high precision (in diameter) You should choose a 0.1-0.3 mm drill less. Due to a small vibration in the cartridge, the diameter increases slightly
3. Use lubrication to reduce friction and cooling. Conventional water or machine oil
4. At the first signs of bungeing the drill, stop the work and sharpen the edge. Otherwise you can not only lose the tool, but also spoil the workpiece
5. When drilling hollow billets (pipes, boxes), it is advisable to put inside the workpiece of the strut
6. For drilling deaf holes, a stop line with marking is used. If your drill is not equipped with an emphasis - wrap the indicator ring with a light tape.

Interesting video on the topic: How to drill a square hole in the metal

Alexander | 04/24/2017 11:09.

Review of the conical stepped drills and tips on their use.
Very weak review. No recommendations for use.
These drills should be operated on low revs. About 200.
On large turns (from 400 and higher), they are "licking" and come into disrepair.
These drills are designed more for a cold-rolled metal sheet to 3 mm.

sposport | 04/24/2017 14:50

Hello, Alexander. I understand, are you talking about the video review of the conical stepped drills? For the very topic is much wider. Thank you for your remark. We will select a review of more interesting.

How to make a large hole in metal

Big hole in metal

If you have a need to drill a large diameter holes, do not rush to spend money on the tool. Consider all options. It is possible that the tool that is suitable in one case is completely useless in the other.

Cone drill

The drill is more suitable for home use. Since drilling a large number of The holes of the exact diameter will be very difficult.

In this case, it is better to use a cone stepped drill.

Cone stepped drill

The most popular twisted with a diameter of 0t 6 to 30 mm. (less often up to 40 mm.) In step 2 mm. That is, 6, 8, 10, 12 mm. etc.
Usually used to drill sheet metal with a thickness of up to 2 mm. and plastic thick up to 5 mm. The indisputable advantage of this drill is that for 1500 ─ 3000 rubles. You buy about 10 ─ 15 diameters.

If, when drilling plastic, the drill behaves very well, then the drilling of the holes for large diameters in the metal is associated with some difficulties:
With large volumes of work, a 6 mm drill is quickly stuck.;
The drilling of the holes of large diameters requires significant physical effort.

Crown on metal.

Large holes in metal, plastic, wood, etc., with a diameter of 19 to 102 mm. It is convenient to do with the help of the bimetallic crown of the company HILTI.

The crowns showed themselves very well when drilling a large number of holes for fittings in metal boxes For cable (metal thickness is 2 mm.).

A clear plus is that the crown is collapsible. If it is fading or breaking centering drill, replacement price ─ about 250 rubles.

But for each diameter will have to use a separate crown, the price of which (depending on the diameter) from 400 to 1200 rubles. Add 1000 rubles here. on the adapter.

Press for holes

Above the considered tools, for drilling large holes in the metal, have one significant disadvantage: very sharp edge. When laying a cable or wires without fittings, it may become a serious problem.

To get an ideally smooth edge, it is better to use the press for holes. It costs a little more than 11,000 rubles. But in the set you get 8 nozzles with a diameter of 16.2 to 47 mm.
Without much efforts, a large number of holes in the metal with a thickness of up to 3 mm makes itself.

One refinement: In the instructions for the press PGRO-60 kW, it is said that after punching the hole, you need to stop the discharge. As practice has shown, it is better to make another compression with handles of the press. It is easier to remove the cut metal from the matrix.

How to drill a metal drill - a detailed step-by-step instruction

Drill the metal drill is somewhat more complicated than a tree, brick or concrete. There are some features.

Practical advice on this type of work We combined for convenience in step-by-step instructions.

1. You will need such tools: drill, drill, coolant (better machine oil, but can be water), kerner, hammer, safety glasses.
2. When drilling a metal on a horizontal surface, under the product put wooden barber And as much as possible fix it. When working in a vertical position, rigid fixation is extremely important, since it is necessary to drill strictly perpendicularly.
3. We make markup, after that, with the help of Kerner and the hammer we plan the center of the future hole.
4. In a small container, we pour cooling fluid.
5. We put on safety glasses.
6. We start drilling. Do not have a strong pressure on the drill, because it is better to work on small turns. If the drill is powerful, then the way of short-term inclusions will suit, while the tool did not have to dial maximum turns.
7. Do not forget to cool the drill as often as possible .
8. When the drilling occurs is not strictly perpendicular, but at an angle, then the likelihood that the drill is properly. If this happens, then place the switch to the reverse position. So you will avoid injuries and do not break the drill.
9. If everything was done correctly, even in household conditions with a low-power drill, you can drill a hole in metal with a thickness of up to 5 mm inclusive and diameter up to 10-12 mm. We will tell about more complex tasks below.

Metal drilling work

Is it possible to drill a metal drill on concrete?

It is possible, but it is in case of extreme need for shallow holes with a small diameter. Unprofitable.

It is better to use or standard metal rods with a brand of steel R6M5 or improved - P6M5K5.

The letter K in the marking indicates that this is an alloy with the addition of cobalt. You can find the drill on the market, which is called "cobalt". For all manufacturers, we will not vouch, only we note that reviews on practical application In the overwhelming majority of cases - positive.

How to drill a stepped metal drill?

Step twisted universal - just one can do holes different diameter (from 2 to 40 mm). They are most effective when working with a thin metal when you need to get a neat edge. Better fixed in the cartridge, they are easier to sharpen, and therefore, with proper operation, serve longer, but also cost more than ordinary. In the work with them, the principles are the same, but it is easier to drill the holes of a large diameter than ordinary spiral rollers.

Is it possible to drill metal to drill the drill?

The principle of operation rolled down the metal - cut, and with a defender attack the materials crushed. For this, brick, concrete, stone suitable for this. Therefore, as mentioned above, the drill on concrete. Of course, you can drill metal, but it will quickly come into disrepair and the victorious attack collapses.

The larger the diameter of the hole? The smaller should be rev. Than more depth? Thus, it is gradually necessary to reduce the pressure on the drill. When the drill diameter up to 5 mm, the torque should not be higher than 1200-1500 rpm. Accordingly, 10 mm in diameter - no more than 700 rpm, 15 mm - 400 rpm.

How to drill holes in a metal diameter metal?

As a rule, most drills for household use with a capacity from 500 to 800W, which allows drilling holes with a diameter to 10-12 mm. In metal with a thickness of up to 2 mm using a stepped rolling, you can make holes up to 40 mm. With a thickness of 3 mm, bimetallic crowns are better.

When drilling deep holes, any tool may sometimes need a magnet to remove the chips.

Metal drilling process

Special attention should be paid to the safety technique, be sure to take care of the chips, and if there will be a skew and jamming - immediately turn off the drill and move the torque to the reversible movement.

In the absence of electricity or when the noise of the working tool can prevent others ( read. When can I do repair to not quarrel with your neighbors?) - the ideal solution When drilling a metal will be a manual mechanical drill, the so-called coft. Low speed and pressure, no overheating, just what is needed. Of course, there are also minuses - time costs and fast fatigue. Such a simple "grandfather" method can drill holes with a diameter of up to 10 mm.

We hope our tips will be useful to you.

Additional information in this video.