How to make a boring machine with your own hands. Make a drilling machine from a drill with your own hands is not difficult. Homemade vices for machine tools

Drilling machine You can make your own hands from a regular electric drill or steering rack.

In the workshops of radio amateurs mini machines homemade manufacture It is most often found for the reason that buying industrial units is expensive, but it's not difficult to make the device.

Thought - how to make a boring machine (including with the help of a steering rack), it comes to the head not only to radio amateurs, but also to people, from time to time needing repair work at home.

At the same time, special adjustments or high-strength materials are required for the manufacture of micro unit.

On the initial stage It is necessary to create drawings to facilitate the process of making the machine.

Drilling boring aggregate

You can collect a twisted mini drilling machine from a drill with your own hands from four main components. The first thing you need to do to create an additive machine is to choose the face - the basis for the future.

As a mechanism of rotation, which is necessary for the additive mini machine function, can be used electric drill. Then you need to decide on the feed device and the vertical type.

Since the drill has a slight weight, it is not necessary to look for special adhesions and very durable materials, you can take wooden boards or chipboard plate.

For the bed, on the contrary, it is necessary to choose more massive material, which will eliminate the appearance of vibration during drilling work.

The appropriate material in this case is a furniture plate with a thickness of 2 cm.

The optimal option when choosing a material for the manufacture of the bed can be a rack of an unnecessary photo ventilator, but its design will have to modify a little.

The accuracy of the drilling process on a homemade mini unit will depend on the quality of the connection vertical stand and birds.

From steel strips It is necessary to cut two guide strips for moving pads with a drill. Attach these adjacent to the rack of screws.

For reliable drill holding, steel clamps are used in the manufacture of pads.

Between the drill and the block, the rubber gasket is placed in order to reduce the vibration of the drilling mini machine.

The mechanism of filing the machine is a simple lever with which the block with a drill will be moved vertically. Mechanical device Equipped with spring, quite powerful and elastic.

One end of the spring element will be restarted into the block, the second - in the bar attached to the table.

To achieve the most convenient use of the drill mining machine, provided that the drill is not planned to be removed from it periodically, it will allow a complete discerning of the drill switch and mount on the bed of a separate switch.

Consider to the smallest detail, as using an electric drill to make an additive desktop drilling unit, in the proposed video.

Steering rack for drilling machine

The drilling machine can be performed using an upgraded steering rack. Since the purchase of a new steering rack will no longer be cheap, it is recommended to purchase a used part, preferably from VAZ 2108.

After purchasing the steering rail, it is necessary to carry out preventive repair of the part in order to ensure its smooth move.

Instructions for the manufacture of bed and its installation:

• The machine housing is performed taking into account the sizes of the drill and column. The table on which the platform will be recorded with drilling parts must have suitable dimensions, approximately 20x30 cm;
• The design with which the drill will be enshrined, mounted on the steering part in the locations of the mounting bolts;
• The rack for the drilling machine is performed from the P-shaped steel profile 30x60x30. It is welded to a sheet of metal with a thickness of 2 mm. The rack must have a height greater than 6-7 cm the length of the column. The rod for the steering rack from the VAZ 2108 is 210 mm;
• Due to the mounting of additional ribs between the two elements, the rigidity of the rack increases.

For a comfortable use of a drilling machine, it is recommended to consider a convenient system of its startup and shutdown.

Extras will allow thematic video material.

Drilling machine for printed circuit boards

To collect a boring micro machine for printed circuit boardThe following details will be needed:

• micro motor or high-speed engine;
• clamping collet for fixing miniature drills;
• two wooden bar, P-shaped profile, fastening ring for fixing the electric motor;
• mobile platform of the machine for printed circuit boards - is made independently from the primary materials.

Collecting a desktop micro boring machine for printed circuit boards, it is recommended to pay attention to the fact that the drill is descended accurately perpendicular to the board.

The video below shows a mini boring machine for printed circuit boards.

If the motor is selected, then when drilling the control circuit boards, the drill will fail. A clearance and poor fixation of the motor is not allowed, with strong revolutions it can knock it out of the bed.

How to make a micro machine with your own hands to drill the boards will tell video material.

Coordinate table design

If in a homemade drilling machine, the focal table functions performs the feed mechanism, the coordinate milling table It has a different design.

The coordinate milling table is a manipulator consisting of a certain number axes. The milling table for movement in several planes of the technological head is intended.

At home, it is possible to make a milling table using modules linear typemade from aluminum profile.

As a gear, a gear rail is used, a reinforced belt or a ball-screw element.

Numeric Software Management (CNC) and Action Controllers are required to manage the coordinate table. Controllers are used to manage technical tasks.

To make a milling table, first make drawings, make calculations and pick up components.

At the same time, the calculation must be suitable for technical requirements for the use of the machine, including moving mass, speed, acceleration, and accuracy.

The construct of the coordinate table may have a lightweight or strengthened form, be two or three coordinate. That is why it is recommended to initially decide why the milling table will be required.

Two coordinate table - base with mobile cross. It mounted desktop. In the Cross, there must be hardened adjustable and polished rails.

Stopper stacks are also installed to eliminate the lumen. The base is fixed on the legs.

More details about the manufacture of the coordinate table, you can learn from the proposed video.

Homemade vices for machine tools

If the Soviet vice does not afford to you, and the Chinese products do not like it, then you can make it in addition to a drilling machine with your own hands.

To collect homemade vice, you need to have the following details at hand:

• screw - 20 mm thread, length - 150 mm, the screw head should have a slot, as sometimes it does not fit the size of the handles, and it is expanding it using a file;
• screw with ring is used as a knob for twisting;
• studs can be purchased in the store or find in old details;
• then it is necessary to make a fixed sponge, it is possible from a pine tree, and the board is naked to the tabletop;
• for the manufacture of the mobile part, the board will be required (20 mm thickness, 18 mm width), the length of movable sponges should be at least 50 cm.

In the tree they do the holes with a diameter of 21 mm. The diameter of the holes in the hairpins should be 10 mm. Studs, screws are installed in the finished holes, nuts and bolts are styled.

If vice is applied to work with short blanks, the studs are rearranged in the design.

Things are supplied with additional holes that should be located near clamping screws.

Homemade vice May have different parameters, it all depends on the details of the details.

For all lovers, make a product with your own hands, will excellent assistant . Such an aggregate, in a garage or house, will allow you to make holes with accuracy and accuracy, make the milling in the wood, drill a broken bolts from the thread and so on. However, the purchase of a drilling machine can do quite expensive, and why spend extra money when you can easily make a drilling machine with your own hands.

Common Characteristics for Drilling Machine

Drawing of the checker

For manufacture, it will take at least expensive materials. Basically, it is a primary means that can be found in any garage. Of course, the material must meet the requirements of the device.

For example, for the manufacture of a large stationary machine, without metal carcass Do not do, but in the case of a desktop unit, can be used, only wooden materials.

For all types of designs, three fundamental factor will be required:

• convenient drill feed lever;
• accuracy of drilling mechanism;
• reliable bed.

Undoubtedly, the feed lever should be placed under the work hand of the wizard, the left or right. However, this is not the only condition for convenience. Drill feed lever, should not be long, so as not to interfere with the work, but also not short, so that the pressure on the part is easier. For a better concept of the length of the lever, it is worth considering the drawings of the factory drilling machines. There the length is adjusted by the desired size.

Although the mechanism for drilling will be used, it should be fixed with the smallest error ratio. For this, the drilling mechanism is best fixed on the vertical bar. However, it is possible to use a solid wood panel with guide stalls.

Without reliable bed, the self-made drilling machine will not only work badly, but also will be dangerous to use. The base of the tool must be two times wider than the volume of the structure. This width will allow the design to be stable during the necessary pressure. In this case, the feed lever should not appear for the edges of the bed. Stationary machines, this rule does not apply, because they are fixed to the table surface or make with an individual table.

Drilling machine with their own hands

Which engine to use

Make a self-made drilling machine, using several variants of driving force:

• from a drill or screwdriver;
• from the electric motor;
• from hand drill.

At the same time, for each type of structures, the characteristics of stationary, portable or desktop. In the case of an electric motor, you can make a stationary or desktop unit, and in the case of an electric door, it will be either a desktop or a portable unit. Manual drill, can carry the character of a portable, not requireing the power of the device.

Drill as a tool for machine

To make a good drilling machine from a drill with your own hands, the design for this tool is better to do the tablet. It is worth avoiding the fixing the machine on the table. Electronic drill, a fairly popular tool, so it will be useful if it can be removed from the machine. In this case, the design on the table will be superfluous.

The desktop additive will require such materials:

• 45x30 cm bed, with a vertical bar fixed on it;
• fastening for a drill, a well-clutching tool body;
• metal slider moving by rod;
• wheel playing the role of the lever;
• steel cable, to control the movement by the lever.

For bed, it is better to use metal box With a wall thickness of 3 mm. To the box, welds a rack from square pipe. This rack will serve a barbell or tripod. Further, a tight slider should be attached to the tripod, which will hold the drill holder and the drill itself.

It will be difficult to choose exactly the appropriate slider, so it should be made of metal plates. Free space between the slider and the tripod should be no more than 0.5 mm, despite the fact that the tripod will be perfectly even.

Further sequence of actions:

• the slider is made in a height of 10-12 cm;
• to it, the holder is welded for a drill from the front and ears for fastening the wheel on the back side;
• in the ears, the rod, to which the control wheel is welded, and is fixed with a pin or welded nut;
• on the wheel rod, the steel cable (at least 6 turns) is cooled tightly, and both ends of the cable are securely attached to the top of the tripod and on the bottom. Thus, for the movement of the slider by a tripod, an effort will be required, and there is no own weight (together with the drill) so that the slider falls.

Electric motor construct

Similar machines, perfectly show themselves as stationary tools. To, figure out how to make a drilling machine from the electric motor, you have to consider the drawings and in the sphere of electricians.

For the machine, a two-phase engine will be required, which will significantly simplify the connection and expand the scope of the unit. This engine is connected to phase and zero wires. Incorrect connection will affect only the direction of rotation. If, rotation will be in reverse side, the wires are changing in places, and the problem is solved.

Manufacturing stationary design For drilling, you will need:

• powerful engine frame that will easily move along the vertical line;
• countertop, where the strict vertical line pin will be fixed;
• in the role of the pin, you can take from the car. It will serve as a ready-moving engine tool moving;
• adjust the wheel to move and welcome the engine holder to the rail.

The principle of operation, such a machine is very simple. The motor drives the head for the drill, due to the belt transmission. At the same time, the engine and the cartridge for drill, during operation are inseparable and move along the vertical line at the same time, due to the joint mount.

Portable manual drill mechanism

Very convenient, use the drilling machine from the hand-made drill in cases where there is no possibility to connect an electric drill to the power source. For the manufacture of the machine, you can use wooden frame:

• the base is performed from the 30x20 cm boards and a thickness of 40 mm;
• the vertical plate is attached strictly at an angle of 90 o C;
• the vertical wall should also be made of thick boards, at least 30 mm, and to secure it reliably help metal corners And screws.

On the vertical wall metal strings are attached (they can be taken from old furniture Or buy in the store), the holder of the hand drill is attached to them. Thus, the drill will be freely walking down and up, however, this is not enough. To the drill does not fall under its weight, the drill holder and the base of the machine is attached to the spring of the desired elasticity.

Do not forget about the handle that you will need to turn. Its movement should not interfere. As a result, an aggregate should be turned out, which is driven by manually and does not require nutrition.

Video: Drilling machine from drill do it yourself

It is not necessary to spend money on a desktop drilling machine, because it is not so difficult to make it yourself. To do this, you will need to purchase, make or use the former use of items. We will tell you about creating several designs, and you can pick up your model for assembly.

Drill is almost every host building or repairing his home or apartment that is repaired by household and garden technology, various crafts from metal and wood. But to perform some operations, the drill is not enough: you need special accuracy, you need to drill a hole at a right angle in a thick board or just want to facilitate your work. This will require a machine that can be performed on the basis of various drives, machine parts or household appliances, other girlfriend.

The type of drive is a fundamental difference in the designs of homemade drilling machines. Some of them are made using a drill, mainly electric, others - using engines, most often - from unnecessary home appliances.

Desktop drilling machine

The most common design can be considered a machine made of manual or electric drill, which can be removable, to be able to use it outside the machine, and stationary. In the latter case, the inclusion device can be transferred to the bed for greater convenience.

Main elements of the machine

The main elements of the machine are:

• drill;
• base;
• rack;
• fastening a drill;
• mechanism feed.

The base or bed can be performed from solid drink solid wood, furniture Shield or chipboard. Some prefer a metal plate, a chawler or brand as the base. The bed must be massive to ensure the stability of the design and compensate for vibration when drilling to obtain neat and accurate holes. The size of a tree of wood is at least 600x600x30 mm, from steel sheet - 500x500x15 mm. For greater stability, the base can be made with eyelets or holes for the bolts and attach it to the workbench.

The rack can be made of a bar, round or square in the section of the steel pipe. Some masters as a base and racks are used by the framework of an old photographer, a non-bandic school microscope, other details that have a suitable configuration, strength and mass.

Fastening the drill is carried out with the help of clamps or brackets with a hole in the center. The bracket is reliable and gives greater accuracy when drilling.

Features of the constructions of the drill feed mechanism

The feeding mechanism is needed for vertical movement drill along the rack and maybe:

• spring;
• hinged;
• design by type screw domkrat.

Depending on the accepted type of mechanism, the type and device of the rack will also differ.

In the drawings and photos, the main designs of desktop drilling machines, which can be made from electrical and hand drills are given.

Spring mechanism: 1 - Rack; 2 - metal or wooden profile; 3 - slider; 4 - manual drill; 5 - the fastening clamp drills; 6 - screws for attaching a clamp; 7 - spring; 8 - A kit for fixing the rack 2 pcs.; 9 - screws; 10 - focus for the spring; 11 - barbell bolt for fastening the stop; 12 - base machine

Spring-lever mechanism

With a spring-hinge mechanism: 1 - bed; 2 - washer; 3 - Nut M16; 4 - depreciation racks 4 pcs.; 5 - plate; 6 - bolt M6X16; 7 - power supply; 8 - thrust; 9 - spring; 10 - M8X20 bolt with nut and washers; 11 - cartridge for drill; 12 - shaft; 13 - cover; 14 - handle; 15 - bolt M8X20; 16 - Holding; 17 - rack; 18 - a glass with bearing; 19 - Engine

With a hinge workless mechanism

Rack operating on the principle of the screw jack: 1 - bed; 2 - guide groove; 3 - thread M16; 4 - sleeve; 5 - Nut welded to the sleeve; 6 - drill; 7 - pen, when rotating which moves drills up or down

Drill milling machine: 1 - base machine; 2 - Supports of the lifting plate of the table 2 pcs.; 3 - lifting stove; 4 - table lift handle; 5 - movable drill holder; 6 - extra rack; 7 - Screw fixation of the drill holder; 8 - Fasteners of the drills; 9 - main rack; 10 - chassis screw; 11 - Drum with Nonius scale

Machine from the automobile jack and drill

The carriage is made of furniture guides

Mini-machine made off microscope

The base and rack from the old photo exhibitor

Machine from hand drill: 1 - bed; 2 - steel fittings; 3 - grooves for fastening a drill; 4 - nut fastening drills; 5 - drill; 6 - slider; 7 - Tubes Guides

Video 1. Step-by-step guide for an inexpensive machine. Stanne and Rack - Wooden, Basis of Mechanism - Furniture Guide

Video 2. Drilling machine - jack from "Zhiguli" and drill

Video 3. Spring-lever rack for a drill

Video 4. Step by step creation of a steel rack for a drill

Machine based on steering rack of a passenger car

The steering rail for the car and drill is quite massive products, so the bed must also be massive and, desirable, with the possibility of fixing the machine on the workbench. All items are performed on welding, since the connection on bolts and screws may be insufficient.

The bed and the support rack are welded from channels or other suitable rolled products, a thickness of about 5 mm. The steering rail is fixed on the rack, which should be longer than the rail by 70-80 mm, through the handwoods of the steering column.

To make it more convenient to use the machine, drill control is carried out in a separate unit.

Video 5. Drilling machine based on the steering rack from Moskvich

The order of assembling drilling tabletops:

• preparation of all elements;
• fastening the rack to the bed (check vertical!);
• assembly of the movement mechanism;
• fastening the mechanism to the rack;
• fastening a drill (check vertical!).

All mounts must be made as reliable as possible. Steel unintended structures are desirable to connect welding. When using any kind of guides, you need to make sure that the transverse backlash is not formed when moving.

Tip! For fixing the part in which the hole is drilled, the machine can be equipped with visits.

You can also find ready-made racks for a drill. When buying, you need to pay attention to the mass of construction and size working surface. Lights (up to 3 kg) and inexpensive (up to 1.5 thousand rubles) The racks are suitable for performing holes in a thin plywood sheet.

Drilling machine using asynchronous engine

If there is no drill in the economy or it is not desirable to use it in the machine, you can perform a design based on asynchronous engine, for example, from old washing machine. The scheme and the process of manufacturing such a machine are quite complex, so it is better to make a master with sufficient experience of performing turning and milling works, the assembly of electricity.

Device of drilling machine with an engine from household appliances

To get acquainted with the design, we present assembly drawings and detail, as well as the characteristics of assembly units in the specifications.

Details and materials for the manufacture of the machine are shown in the table:

Table 1

Pos.	Detail	Characteristic	Description
1	Stanina	Clate textolite, 300x175 mm, Δ 16 mm
2	Heel	Steel circle, Ø 80 mm	May be welded
3	Main stand	Steel circle, Ø 28 mm, L \u003d 430 mm	One end is sharpened for a length of 20 mm and the thread M12 is cut on it.
4	Spring	L \u003d 100-120 mm
5	Sleeve	Steel Circle, Ø 45 mm
6	Stop screw	M6 with plastic head
7	Print	TR16X2, L \u003d 200 mm	From clamp
8	Matrix nut	TR16X2.
9		Steel sheet, Δ 5 mm
10	Bracket of the running screw	Duralumin sheet, Δ 10 mm
11	Special nut	M12.
12	Flywheel driving screw	Plastic
13	Washers
14	Quadrused block of driving drive pulleys klinorem transmission	Duralumin Circle, Ø 69 mm	Changing the number of spindle revolutions is performed by permuting the drive belt from one stream to another
15	Electric motor
16	Block condenser
17		Duralumin Circle, Ø 98 mm
18		Screw M5 with plastic fungus
19	Returning springs spindle	L \u003d 86, 8 turns, Ø25, from wire Ø1,2
20		Duralumin Circle, Ø 76 mm
21	Spindle head		see below
22		Duralumin sheet, Δ 10 mm
23	Drive belt	Profile 0.	Drive wedge belt "zero" profile, so the same profile have the streams of the plot block
24	Switch
25	Network cable with fork
26	Tool lever	Steel sheet, Δ 4 mm
27	Removable handle lever	Steel pipe, Ø 12 mm
28	Cartridge	Instrumental cartridge number 2
29	Screw	M6 with puck

The spindle head provides progressive and rotational motion. It is mounted on its own database - duralumin console.

Details and materials for the manufacture of the spindle head are shown in the table:

table 2

Pos.	Detail	Characteristic
1		Steel Circle Ø 12 mm
2		Steel pipe Ø 28х3 mm
3	Bearing 2 pcs.	Radial rolling bearing № 1000900
4	Screw	M6
5	Washing pads	Bronze
6	Lever arm	Steel sheet Δ 4 mm
7		Special Screw M6 with a corrugated button
8	Nut	Low nut M12.
9		Steel Circle Ø 50 mm or Pipe Ø 50x11 mm
10	Bearing	Radio-resistant
11	Cutting stop ring
12		Steel Circle Ø 20 mm

Drilling machine collected

The electrical circuit depends on the type of engine.

Simple electrical circuit For the factory machine 2m112

Homemade machines for drilling printed circuit boards

Mini Machines for drilling boards by radio amateurs also borrow drive from various low-power devices. At the same time, cutters for trimming photos as levers, soldering iron, collet pencils instead of a cartridge. Place drilling highlights lED lanterns - opportunities for technical creativity is enough.

Simple electrical control circuit

Video 7. Mini-machine for drilling boards

When a joinery and plumbing works are commonly used by the appropriate tool designed to perform specific tasks. However, there are such situations when it is much more convenient and easier to use special machines. They allow you to optimize the process and save time with the same type. Therefore, questions about how to produce a drilling machine from a drill, very often arise from modern masters.

Need or luxury

First of all, it is worth saying that it is very convenient to use such a device in the manufacture of holes in small horizontal planes. It practically completely eliminates the drill from the backlash, which necessarily occurs when manual work. Even small of the drill significantly increases the accuracy of the hole done, the minimum reducing the error. Also, such equipment is very saving time and strength, if you need frequent use or monotonous work.

Almost all enterprises on which plumbing work are performed are equipped with such aggregates. The fact is that the study of labor protection has shown an increase in productivity and quality improvement when used. Some of them acquire even a boring machine on a magnetic sole to optimize production on large planes Without use of expensive equipment.

Why drill?

Currently there are a lot of structures to create such equipment at home. However, most experts recommend making a drill drill machine. This is due to the fact that this tool already fully contains all the necessary components and aggregates, and they will not have to be purchased separately. At the same time, fixing on the design is performed so that it is easy to remove the drill for independent work. As a result, we do not lose a tool that can be used independently.

Materials

In order to create a boring machine from you need to purchase the tool itself. It is selected in accordance with the parameters that will have to have a ready-made device. At the same time, experts advise paying attention to products that have their own small backlash. Otherwise, the expediency of using it for work is questioned. You may also need:

• Guides. As they use systems used in furniture manufacturing, or metal strips.
• Stanna. Most often it is made of metal plate or wooden boxwhich is fixed with magnets or ballast for weighting.
• Fasteners When they make a drilling machine from drove with their own hands, they immediately pick up clutches or clamps suitable for fixing a particular tool.
• Wood or metal constructions - Depending on which material to process.
• Spring required to implement the reverse stroke.
• If a drilling machine is created, the magnets themselves will be needed.

Tool

In this case, the selection of the tool used depends on the material to create a frame. However, it should be immediately noted that the corner for measuring the connection of elements under 90 degrees will be necessary in any case. Even a mini-drilling machine with its manufacture requires compliance with great accuracy, since this will subsequently affect the quality of the holes made.

Drawing

First of all, you need to decide on the structures of the final product and the material of its manufacture. However, no need to invent too complex technical solutions or expensive nodes. A typical drawing of a drill bit from a drill is quite simple. It involves the creation of a solid and stable bed, on which a vertical tripod is attached with a movable carriage. Given this, it is worth paying special attention to the implementation of the movement of a drill in a vertical plane, although the use of ready-made guides greatly simplifies this process. If the support of the microscope, photovoller or press is used as a frame, then the drawing will be based on their base, and the entire manufacturing process is greatly simplified.

Stanina and tripod

Even a mini-drilling machine needs a sustainable foundation. It not only must hold the whole design, but can be equipped various elements For fixing tools or other devices. Thinking the device of the drill machine, it is worth listening to the advice of specialists. Many masters recommend creating these wood devices. Therefore, a wooden frame as a small drawer is used for the bed. It has planting To install vice or other structures. If the product is planned to be used on large surfaces, then the bed is made from a solid slab with a hole under the drill. So you can implement the principle of drilling through.

Almost any device of the drilling machine involves the installation of a vertical tripod at an angle of 90 degrees to the bed. Therefore, in the work it is very important to use the accurate also need to make a reliable fixation of the tripod using additional mounts in the form of corners.

If the work is assumed at a certain angle, you can pre-make certain devices that will be attached on the bed. Most often in such cases, ready-made balls with an adjustable tilt angle are used.

Creating a movement mechanism

When a homemade drilling machine from a drill is made, then this stage needs to pay special attention. The fact is that the vertical move should be soft, without distortion, backlash or displacements. Given this, professional masters recommend that you use ready-made guides that can be taken from other devices. You can also use systems made to extend boxes from cabinet furniture. They are reliable and can withstand heavy loads.

Installation of guides produce directly to tripod or special planks attached to it. In this paper it is very important to use measuring toolSince these elements need to be located at an angle of 90 degrees in relation to the bed and parallel to each other. Do not even allow small distortions or displacements.

The second part of the guides is fixed on a special carriage, where the drill itself will be installed. It is made of wood and customized under the sizes of the source tool. Also, a small handle is also attached to the carriage, with which the operator will control the process of movement.

To implement the return movement and facilitate the control of the carriage, the spring is installed on the machine. One end is fixed at the top of the tripod, and the second is mounted on the movable mechanism. At the same time, immediately check the level of its tension, which, if necessary, can be changed by cutting the turns or their stretching. However, it is best to produce such a setting under load, which means it is performed only after fixing on a drill carriage. Some masters recommend to do the removable spring, it could be extracted after work. So it will not stretch and weaker.

Fixation drills

Usually, instructions telling how to make a drilling machine from a drill, recommend creating special fasteners with which in the end it is very difficult to work. However, if the tool is properly correct, it can be fixed using conventional plumbing clamps used when creating connections of hoses with pipes. At the same time, it will be necessary to make certain changes in the shape of the carriage or even slightly adjust the drill housing.

It is very important that the tool is fixed tightly and moved in the clime. Therefore, at the stage of manufacturing the carriage, it practically does not leave free space, limiting structurally from all sides. In fact, the carriage itself is a peculiar bed for a drill, in which it will sit very tight. Additional elements are needed only for the reliability of fixation. This approach will greatly simplify the design and will allow you to quickly extract the tool if necessary.

Output

Given the material set out above, it can be concluded that the drilling machine from a drill can be made independently and without large financial costs. In this case, the final product will be maximally adapted to the execution of specific technical tasks will be able to satisfy the corresponding destination of the end user. However, it is worth considering the fact that factory structures usually have a smaller error and are able to perform accurate work with minimal tolerance. Therefore, such devices are usually suitable for private use or in small workshops, where it is not required to create high accuracy holes.

Home drilling machine (simply drilling) This equipment, the urgent need for anyone who at least something will once craft. Cleells sometimes make drillings with 2-speed transmission, tables for details having more than 3 degrees of freedom and even two-coordinate drilling-milling machines with CNC, see fig. below. But in this publication, we will consider the manufacture of a drilling machine with their own hands - such that just drills and milling - but for sure, clean, and confidently keeps its accuracy for a long time Subject to episodic short-term overload: stable processing accuracy is the main requirement for metal-cutting equipment. Which in amateur structures is performed, unfortunately, most often only due to a random coincidence.

Metal or tree?

Wood drilling "machine" -master

Beginners always seem to work on a tree easily and simple. A spoiled billet will be combined into small crafts or fuel. Maybe therefore in lately There is a real tune: homemade machines with responsible wooden details. As a result, monsters appear on the light, which probably would surprise Archimedes, see Fig. on right. However, remember: the best achieving accuracy on the tree +/- 0.5 mm. In metalworking cutting the greatest permissible error by default is 0.375 mm (in England and the US 0.397 mm \u003d 1/64 inches). On this, the question of using the tree as the main construction material of the machine is closed without discussion, which, they say, the tree is also deformed to the orders of the metal, wears and is damaged. Well, and lovers of deep internal self-satisfaction in products are free will for their money and work.

Drilling device

Fantasy The indispensable condition for any creative success, but in mechanical engineering it is useless without accurate calculations and reconciliation with verified solutions. The history of machine-tooling includes millennia - inhibitory turning and drilling machines with foot drive Used already at the end of the Stone Age. On the subject of this article, a proven sample is a desktop vertical-drilling machine of an industrial design. According to him, we will check, choosing and deciding how it is better to make a drilling machine personally: in operation there are single specimens of floriders, which passed for 100, and they still hold accuracy.

The desktop vertical drilling machine is shown in Fig.:

Its main modules of the bed, column, console and table for the part. Composite parts of the main nodes are slightly highlighted in color, and their components with flowers are grinding. The simplest table (not counting the wooden chumbach) - vice. Turning table allows you to also produce some milling operations. The bed is usually tightly attached to the workbench or other reliable support.

Screw clamp - Console Console Console Mini Machine

In operation, the console using a lifting switching mechanism, the slider is installed in the desired position, according to the size and configuration of the processed part, and fix. The spindle supply to the workforce is carried out by a separate feed mechanism. In amateur and industrial for homework Designs The lifting-turning mechanism is most often an operator's hand, and the retainer is a slide screw clip, see fig. on right; On TB and more is permissible. But what should be sure to be in the design of the drilling machine according to the requirements of the same PB, so this is a jackhammer or just a bunch: if you throw the handle of the feed, the spindle or carriage with it should automatically bounce upwards. In home drills, the chipper most often the spring installed in a suitable place, see below.

Note: industrial production, Sale and use in enterprises and in workshops IP drilling machines without a jack-free device is prohibited by PTB.

Do or buy?

The electric drill is already ready-made drive, transfer, spindle and cartridge in the monoblock. Put it on the machine carriage - and you can drill. According to the accuracy, the decision, generally speaking, is not optimal (see below), but in many cases acceptable, but delivering from the need to order expensive accurate parts of increased accuracy, see below. In view of which the beds for the installation of a drill are now sold except that not on the street with trays; Prices are available. Choosing such to make a drilling machine from a drill, follow primarily by the mode of operation of the equipment; It depends on it:

• Episodic drilling / milling for oneself with accuracy, it turns out - the bed is plastic cast or steel stamped. Mechanism feed lever with crankshaft (see below). Bearings of carriage sliding (see below) Steel steel or with kapron liners. Prices - $ 20- $ 30.
• Regular drilling for yourself or to order with conventional engineering accuracy. Processed materials - to the hardness and viscosity of ordinary structural steel. All the same, but the sliding bearings steel according to steel (worse) or with bronze bushings, and the bed is cast iron cast or (more expensive) also composite vibrating absorbing. Prices - $ 30- $ 40.
• Regular drilling and milling of any tool tool materials with periodic tool overloads and / or with increased accuracy - gliding bearings only with steel bronze, steel iron. The mechanism of feeding the gears (even see below); Console vibrating absorbing. Prices - $ 60- $ 180.

Note: As a rule, a swivel-sliding table for a part is optional to the beds for a drill, allowing individual types of milling. Price within $ 20.

Choose a bird

Fear for a drill (which sellers for some reason are persistently referred to as racks). It is necessary to choose not by the manufacturer ("China" - not "China"); Now in the market and "German China" is fully, not to mention the products of post-Soviet states. You need to check the design.

The first - samples with plastic not caprony liners of sliding bearings are definitely rejected: the beating and rails of drill more than 0.5 mm will appear on the 10th - 20th "hole" and will further increase. The second is the backlash console. We take it for the far end, we shake up and down and on the sides when clamped the lock. A noticeable "chatter" should not be (the tactile sense of a non-monitored person feels 0.4-0.5 mm beating).

Next - inspection of the structure, see Fig. below. For ordinary drilling, it is suitable for poses. one. Perfect option - on pos. 2: Tsanging clamp drill, offset of the Wide column reduces the vibration of the console by an order of magnitude, and turning its bass to 45 degrees, you can mill from your hand with an accuracy "How can you know" the part on the regular non-sliding table, removing a pair of table fixtures, because At the same time, its displacement manually relative to the horizontal working axis of the console will be linear.

But the sample on the pos. 3 Do not take anyway. First, the column of his column is low and its fastening is unreliable. Secondly, longitudinal grooves The table facilitates the manual milling "how it will turn out", but, unlike the diagonal, do not quenitate the vibrations of the bed. Moreover, they will concentrate, where they are shown by the arrows (a tide under the column is taken too narrow) and from there straight to the column and the table.

What is cheaper?

Suppose the price of your favorite window does not suit you. Or drill if "breaking", with a shock mechanism, former building structures And the patron beating is visible to the eye. Then the first thing we find out if the wizard owning a turning machine of increased accuracy (not rude 0.02 mm). What, by the way, is not a fact - the machine of increased accuracy is very expensive and never pays off on the stream of community orders. But, we set, found. Take the drawing in fig. On the right, we go to him and ask whether it will be able to sharpen it from steel no worse than 30xgs, and how much will take care. "This" is the drawings of the spindle of the desktop drilling. The rest of its parts can be turned on conventional machine, Or find in collapse at the iron bazaar or in my cheek. Most likely, it turns out that buying a bed + table is cheaper, and if you estimate the expenses for the rest, then it may be drawn up and the drill of increased accuracy. There are such on sale; They can be found in the absence of a shock mechanism and a collar specifically for installation in the bed: an accurate steel cuff is hoping on it.

If you still do

Nevertheless, there are cases where the self-made drilling machine will be cheaper or at all for nothing, or the most best drill On the bed it will not replace it. The fact is that the column from the working body (tools - drills, cutters) is also transmitted to the column other than bending and vibratory loads. Due to this difference shoulder lever from the axis of the column to the neighbor to it and the distant edges of the tool; Cutlery loads from the cutter, ricking the material alone with an order of magnitude more than from the drill. Therefore, to obtain the accuracy of processing the drill on the bed over 0.1 mm is unreal (why - see below), but for example, under the thread M3 you need a hole 2.7; Under m2.5 - 2.2, and the processing error in this case turns out to be unacceptable. In general, to make a drilling with your own hands makes sense, despite the costs if:

1. You are a radio amateur and work with components with a pitch of 2.5 and 1.25 mm ("" thousands "with a step of 0.625 mm are mounted only on the plane). Then you need a drilling machine for printed circuit boards with accuracy not worse than 0.05 mm;
2. You are engaged in other subtle wood and metal work. Eg, make a beautiful elegant box or reliable Tyach. In the house, applying only manual drilling, it is impossible;
3. Drilling / milling you from the case for the case for yourself and the accuracy will suit you what will be released, and in the honeycombs a lot of metallochlama.

Note: In the latter case, you were lucky, suddenly the old children's bicycle came out somewhere. Pipes of his frame from excellent steel, and the wheel sleeve is almost ready-made spindle; Only an adapter with a Morse cone under the instrumental cartridge remains to order. Working thoughtfully and gently, from the old bicycle you can make a drilling machine with an accuracy approach. 0.1 mm, or in fact a gift box for a drill, see for example. video:

Video: Rack for drill do it yourself

Layout

But, let's say we need accuracy higher, and it is necessary to mill the grooves, without losing it. In this case, the layout diagram of the machine acquires paramount importance.

The optimal option is the location of the spindle and drive on different sides of the column, pos. 1 in fig. The heavy motor in this scheme acts as counterbalance of seismous buildings: reflects in antiphase vibration and spindle loads from the spindle. In the column area, each other is partially quenched. Quenching as much as possible if the center of gravity of the carriage is accurately along the axis of the console, and the higher the thinner drill and less pressure on it. Those., The accuracy of the machine on fine work increases, and at the same time it withstands rather significant overloads without her loss.

Note 4: Making a drill to accurately work with a direct drive to the spindle and the location of it and the drive on one side of the carriage, if there is a ready-made vibration base, for example. from the old microscope (under 2), etc. optical devices.

In mini machines for printed circuit boards and jewelry work, an unpleasant effect is observed: to obtain accuracy above 0.05 mm, the column has to do disproportionately thick, pos. 3. It is caused by the fact that its ability to absorb vibrations and twist loads is determined by area cross sectionwhich decreases the size of the part in the square. For boards under the components with a pitch of 3.5 mm conclusions, as well as fine fitter-joinery operations of a rather accuracy of 0.05 m. At the same time, bending stripping column have the basic effect on its deterioration. To parry them, it is enough to apply a dual column of a rod 10-14 mm from ordinary structural steel, pos. 4. If enough ordinary accuracy is 0.375 mm, then by driving a column, the drilling machine for episodic works can be done even from a drill and water supply propylene pipes, pos. 5. Its resource to the loss of accuracy is small, but also the material is cheap and processing to order does not require.

Innings

An important role for the accuracy of the drilling is also the device of the spindle mechanism (carriages in the drill machine): jerks and / or uneven feed force at least increase the drill bit. When drilling a thin carbide drill, in this case, its development, breakage and as a result is an irreparable damage to the workpiece.

In the machines and the beds for the drill of the increased accuracy, the transmissive feed mechanism is used (on the left in Fig.), Providing its complete uniformity and, which is especially important for manual feed, a precisely proportional to the resistance of the instrument's instrument. For this, a toothed rack and a gear-tribe with a well-defined teeth profile are evolvent. Otherwise, the feed will go jerks even with absolutely smooth jamming on the handle. Make a "knee" a couple of rack-gear with the same evolvent teeth unrealistic; It is not possible to choose a suitable ready-made pair. Therefore, the transmotable-cutting mechanisms of feeding in homemade drills are extremely rare.

More often make a simple single-dimensional feeding mechanism, in the center in fig., But this is not optimistic. At the beginning and at the end of the workstop, when the smoothness of the feed and the accuracy of the drillings is especially important, it is not enough in hand, and in the middle of the course it is redundant, which is growing like a chance of jamming of the instrument in a viscous material. From these shortcomings, the mechanism of feeding with a crankshaft lever, on the right; In addition, it additionally extinguishes the vibration of the console. The shoulder ratio of knees take approx. 1: 1.

Table with feed

The drilling of fine fragile / viscous parts is obtained more accurate, and the probability of care and breakage of the drill is less, if the spindle is fixed fixed, and the table with the part is supplied up to it, therefore, in many drillingings for thin work, the table is supplied with a separate feed mechanism. According to the inertia of thinking, it is also often made tooth-roll, see for example. Further. But, given that the mass of the table in this case is much more than that part, the table with the lever feed turns out to be at all worse, but is fully accessible to manufacture at home. Its device is shown in Fig.:

The nuance is one: so that the clip does not lead to the assembly, it is tightly inserted into the through hole of the base and weld from below (from the exhaust). You need to boil the Ohma-2 electrode or thinner with a constant current of 55-60 and short diametrically opposite grabs ("tytches"). Dimensions of the table for printed circuit boards and jewelry work 60-150 mm in diameter; Thickness 6-12 mm. The diameter of the table shank is 12-20 mm; Length by the size of the feed + (20-30) mm. The tube under the shank (wall thickness from 1.5 mm) It is desirable to dilute or fly and pass the sweep so that the shank walks in it smoothly without noticeable backlash. The short arm of the lever makes a length of approx. equal to the diameter of the table; Long - what you want.

Console

Let's see once again in Fig. with factory fabrics. The designs of their consoles with semi-frame carriages are similar; They are quite rational, but designed for automated and robotic production: precise casting and then finishing on the place on the CNC unit and the laser measurement.

The diagram of an analogue of the console with semi-grade of amateur development is given to the left in Fig.:

The first thing that draws attention is to be cut 5 parts from a thick steel sheet, stitched (processed forest cutter) On the evenness and parallelism of the parties. The second, end sections of inserts, shaped dark gray, should also be smooth, clean, parallel. Those. And here without milling machine not enough. Finally, out production conditions Run the sliding pairing of the slider and guide carriage (shown by the arrow) with a backlash of less than 0.1 mm unreal. I estimate the ratio of the arm of the lever - the crossbill of the drill is obtained more than 0.5 mm.

The design of the console of the drilling machine, a little technological in mass production, but adapted for the manufacture by handicrafts, is shown on the right in Fig. (The feed mechanism and drive with the bracket are not conditionally shown). Moreover, in it, the drill bit on the heterogeneity of the material causes the carriage chains on the column and the guide to the opposite sides, and the side care of the tool does not exceed the size of the back in the sliding liners. Only one item is cut out of the thick plate - the slider 4. The exact processing is only needed in the column clamping area and the installation of the guide, and 3 bronze liner bushings will definitely welcome at the place of any medium qualification turning, if you give it a column and guide carriage (they can be Cool with normal accuracy).

So that the entire assembly node on welding has not behaved, cooking needs as before. Case: Ohma-2 electrode or thinner, the constant current of up to 60 A. The seams boil also alternately by grabs: "Bag" on one, the same on the same far located symmetrical. Then grabs the neighbor to the first seam, the same on the diametrically opposite to him, etc., etc., until all the seams are wrapped.

Note: The accuracy of the machine with the described console will be higher if it is not collected on the welding, but on the screws with the sizing high-strength glue for metal (cold welding). First, everyone is collected without glue, unwinding the closure on parallelism and tighten the fasteners. Then the screws alternately turn out, the glue is dripped in from the socket and toughe it tight. Mouored business, but to produce a homemade floring with a drill bit less than 0.02 mm actually. If, of course, the spindle and the cartridge are not fettered worse.

Errors in design

All efforts to make a boring machine with their own hands will go to the pump, if with its design, fundamental errors were made. The most common of them are shown in Fig.:

Typical errors in the manufacture of drilling machine

Pos. 1 is this console or how? For a long time of the tool, this frame will not stand for a long time. About accuracy and talk no. Pos. 2, in addition: to make a column of a burglar drill machine cannot be. The bending loads pipe keeps, but against the twisted powerless, and the vibrations only enhances.

Pos. 3 - Make a florid from the old seducing photographer is great, especially since it has been completed at least with the initial but optical accuracy. But! The magnifier rod holder is not designed to focus on the tool. As a result, when drilling an organity, the care of the drill on the supply of 20 mm reaches 1.5 mm (!). A bracket is silhouusin: This material does not absorb vibration, quickly gets tired, and the bracket breaks less than the 200th hole even when driving printed circuit boards.

Pos. 4 - Dowing the column in the transverse direction does not give anything. The stability of the machine to loads will be no higher than on a single pin of the same diameter. Pos. 5, in addition: an intimitive spring, asymmetrical relative to the axis of the column, does not quit vibration and twist loads, but enhances them. Since then, it was necessary to put 2 identical springs on both racks. It would be better to make a column, as shown here:

Video: Drilling machine from drill do it yourself

Pos. 6 - installation of the drive and spindle on one side of the column, and even asymmetric, does not reduce, and increases vibration, because They are transmitted to the column in the phase, see above. Pos. 7 - Where is the chipper? Yes, it can not be here, once the drive of the helix feed. The screw can accurately set the slider (which is not here at all), which is not necessary on the home machine in general, but in no case serve a carriage! This construction is slightly populated by fragments of drills and chips, and the eyes of the operator in close proximity to the danger zone.

Collapse of structures

Samples are successful technical solutions, as well as not such essential constructive flaws, consider the examples of several homemade drilling machines.

For a radio amateur, model store, a miniaturian and / or jeweler, an interest can represent a simple mini-drilling machine with a direct drive (drawings are given in Fig. Right). The feature of the design - the drive motor is rigidly attached to the slider, and the feed is only from the bottom. The vibration damper and the absorber of the twist load is the massive electric motor itself, exactly as an anti-seismic cargo on high-rise buildings. Due to this, all the details, in addition to the Morse cone with the adapter on the motor shaft, can be made of conventional accuracy: the accuracy of drilling is determined by the beats of the motor shaft + the beating of the cone with the adapter + the beating of the drill itself. The table with the transmission mechanism changes without problems changing to the lever. The engine is better to use the collector direct current: In asynchronous motors with condenser starts due to the unevenness of the rotating magnetic field and slip the rotor in it, the rotation of the shaft is less uniform. In addition, the speed of rotation of the collector motor is well adjustable at least a simple rheostat, and to adjust the speed of the asynchronous engine, you need to change the feed current frequency. The same - for synchronous with a magnetic rotor. The maximum rotation frequency of the motor shaft is 800-1500 rpm. Power on the shaft for drilling holes up to 3 mm - 20-30 W; For holes up to 6 mm - 60-80 W.

Note: For milling, this machine is not suitable, because Motor shaft bearings are not designed for lateral loads and the machine in this mode will quickly lose accuracy.

Here in fig. There are drawings of the already full-featured drilling mini-machine of the same purpose also with direct drive:

It is equipped with a separate spindle, which allows, first, refueling the maximum diameter of 6 mm in the cartridge; For 8-10 mm drills, the engine is weak. Secondly, make the milling of dental boras. Apparently, the author of the structure often applies this particular operation, based on which the motor rotation speed is selected. Without decreasing it, drill on this machine is needed by carbide drills, and for the use of ordinary supplement the design of revolutions; In this case, the motor is needed at least 60 W. Stagging the lack of this machine is a simple feed lever drive - easy to remove: the feed lever is replaced with the crankshaft without the improvement of the rest of the parts. To increase the processing accuracy, it is also desirable to put the second jack-free spring (pos. 14 in Fig. And 9 in the specification; there is still integrated) symmetrically the first, on the other end of the leash of the spindle. A more serious lack of design - the jackhafts do not participate in the quenching of vibrations and the vibrations. At the speed of rotation of more than 5000 rpm, their effect on accuracy practically does not affect, but already at 1500 rpm, the drill bit on the working move increases approx. twice.

Drawings of a drill mini-machine, conceived as full-fledged, but with annoying errors, are given in rice; The design of the carriage is similar to the console in the pre. Designs.

Thanks to the installation of a strong jackhaft in the appropriate place here it turned out to be a hard to firm the spindle in the carriage, which at first glance reduced the number of parts requiring increased accuracy of manufacture. But only when the table is submitted from the bottom, and then the fixation of the slider 5 and the carriage 4 pairs of screws 17 and 16 acc. Unreliable and spoils the column; It would be better to apply screw clamps. And when feeding the liberated carriage, the lever only its articulation prevents the carriage. The backlash of any of the hinges of the lever is 0.02 mm, taking into account its ratio with the knee's shoulder length, will give lateral care of the drill on 2 mm and more, parry that is possible only with hand. In this machine, it would be more appropriate to the console with an additional guide carriage described above; In this case, it would be possible to achieve the tool beating due to the backlash in the interfaces of the machine itself no more than 0.02-0.03 mm.

On this rice. - drawings of the beds for a drilling machine from a drill with a semi-grade carriage, "almost like this".

It is all good, and something is even better than the "firm": plates 5, preventing the side displacement of the carriage, perfectly "catching" and suppress the tool vibrations in their most nudy. The question arises only one thing: how to do it all if in the garage (shed) not having to sleep in anticipation of the master's hand Machina, worthy of a small machine-building plant? It is easier to make a drilling machine from a drill as shown in the video:

Video: Homemade Stand Machine for Drills

The old Soviet joke is integrity:

"His dear comrade Leonid Ilyich his visiting a certain industrial enterprise. Going along the workshop, suddenly the Secretary of the hand stops the retinue, is suitable for one to the worker in the machine:

- Comrade Tokar ...

- Yes Petrovich I ...

- Okay. Comrade Tokar Petrovich, tell me frankly - do you drink vodka?

- And however, like! We use!

- And if the bottle costs 10 rubles, will you drink anyway?

- Will.

- A 25?

- Will.

- And 50?

- Will.

- A 100?

- I'll still be.

- Petrovich, ..., so where can I take so much money for salary?!

- Gee ... what happened here ... This phytulka (shows) how half a liter cost, it will cost. "

To whom the joy, who alas, but those Petrovich, the Secons and production relations are no more. And it will not - completely ineffective turned out to be.

About steering drillings

A fairly popular request on this topic is also "Drilling machine from the steering rack a passenger car" It seems to be the finished transducer of the rotational motion into linear, and even with the geoidal gear ratio: to slightly "peck" the drill, "catching microns" do not need a hand. You only need to adapt to the rail to the rake, make a drill holder (see fig. Right), and ready, see video.