CNC from the printer how to do. CNC machine from printer with their own hands. Drawing and drilling printed circuit boards

The machine from the printer is easy. To do this, it is enough to have equipment that is not sorry to disassemble on parts. The CNC machine can be made with a stepping type electric motor. With it, you can carry out milling or engraving of various wood blanks, plastics, some metals. Homemade aggregates from the printer (CNC) can provide high processing speeds - up to 2 mm per second.

What will serve as the basis?

Making a homemade CNC machine from the printer is possible from the equipment of the matrix type. You can use any, which is available, regardless of the brand of the manufacturer. Also for high-quality management and efficient operation of aggregates from the printer, other parts are needed - engine, carriages, gear belts, guides, various gears.

Necessary materials and tools

For the manufacture of CNC machines, they will need such materials:

plywood (used for the device body, therefore should have a thickness of at least 15 mm);
aluminum corners that have 20 mm shelves;
self-tapping screws to connect the main elements of the aggregate;
bearings 608 (3 pcs.);
m8 bolts with a length of 2.5 cm (several);
stud M8;
rubber hose;
m8 nuts (2 pcs.);
dremel;
linear type bearings (4 pcs.);
bracket 80;
glue.

The milling machine will not work, if not to prepare some tools - pliers, screwdriver, vice, hacksaw, file, sideboard. If you manage to find an electric door, work will also greatly ease.

Manufacturing technology

From plywood, it is necessary to cut the walls of the housing - the side 37x37 cm, the rear 34x37 cm, 9x34 front. The fixation of these items should be made using self-tapping screws, having done small holes by electric drill.
On the Y axis, you can use corners as guides. They are attached to the side walls at a distance of 3 cm from the bottom. For a more accurate installation in the right place, 2 mm spool is made. The corners themselves (recommended length 34 cm) are screwed using self-tapping screws.
The working surface should be formed from the corners of a length of 14 cm. One bearing is fixed below, and from above two. During the execution of this operation, it is necessary to comply with high accuracy, which will ensure the correct movement of the countertop.
At a distance of 5 cm from the bottom on the Y axis, the hole for the engine is drilled with a diameter of 2.2 cm. Also on the front wall of the case should be done holes with a size of 7 mm. It is necessary to set the stroke screw support bearing.
Screw the stroke can be made independently from the construction stiletto.
A rubber hose coupling is installed. It quenches the vibration from the screw of the progress and increases the service life of the motor bearings. For the manufacture of the coupling, pick a hose having the same diameter as the axis of the motor. From one end it is put on the pulley of the drive and glue. On the other hand, the hose is attached to the stroke screw.
The nut is done with a screw hole with a diameter of 2.5 mm and M3 thread. After that, it is twisted on the axis.
On the axes, the guides from the printer are installed.
Finished carriages are installed on the axis.
To obtain the Z axis, the base of the plywood is 6 mm thick, which is made using PVA glue. Subsequently, bearings are installed on it using epoxy resin. Also make a hoding nut using the former scheme. Guides - from the printer.
Instead of the spindle in a homemade machine, a dense will be set with a bracket holder. This node is fixed to the Z axis using self-samples.
The supports for the carriage z axis are also made from plywood (base 15x9 cm, bottom and top 9x5 cm). On the top board make a hole under the bearing, and on the bottom - under the guides.
After assembling all elements of the z axis, they are mounted on the housing.

The kit with which you can collect your CNC milling machine.
In China, ready-made machines are sold, an overview of one of them on Muske has already been published. We will collect the machine themselves. Welcome…
Upd.: Links to files

I still give a link to the review of the finished machine from Andybig. I will not repeat, I will not quote his text, write everything from scratch. The title shows only a set with engines and drivers, there will be more parts, I will try to give links to everything.
And this ... I apologize in advance in front of the readers, the photos in the process did not specifically did, because At that moment, the review was not going to make, but I will raise the maximum of the pictures of the process and I will try to give a detailed description of all the nodes.

The purpose of the review is not so much boast how much to show the opportunity to make an assistant for yourself. I hope this review sudden someone's idea, and it is possible not only to repeat, but also to do it even better. Go…

How the idea was born:

It so happened that with the drawings I was associated for a long time. Those. My professional activity with them is closely related. But one thing, when you make a drawing, and after already completely different people embody the object of designing to life, and completely different when you embody the object design to life itself. And if I seem to be with construction things, it turns out normally, then with models and other applied arts are not particularly.
So I have long been a dream of an image drawn in autocada, to make a shrike - and it is in kind of in front of you, you can use. The idea of \u200b\u200bthis time has slipped from time to time, but I could not undertake anything for a specific time ...

While I did not see the year three or four back-rap. Well, 3D printer was a very interesting thing, and the idea of \u200b\u200bcollecting for a long time was drawn up, I collected information about different models, about the advantages and cons of different options. At one point, by one of the links, I got to the forum where people were sitting and did not discuss 3D printers, and CNC milling machines. And hence, perhaps, the passion and starts his way.

Instead of theory

In a nutshell about milling machines with CNC (I write in your own words, it is intentionally, not copying articles, textbooks and benefits).

The milling machine works directly opposite to the 3D printer. In the printer, step by step, the layer of the layer the model is increasing by moving polymers, in a milling machine, with the help of a cutter from the workpiece, "all unnecessary" is removed and the desired model is obtained.

For such a machine, you need the necessary minimum.
1. Base (body) with linear guides and transmitting mechanism (can be screw or belt)
2. Spindle (I see someone smiled, but it's called it) - actually the engine with a colangoy, in which the working tool is installed - the cutter.
3. Stepper motors - engines that allow controlled angular movements.
4. Controller - control board, transmitting voltages to engines in accordance with the signals obtained from the control program.
5. Computer, with a managing program installed.
6. Basic drawing skills, patience, desire and good mood.))

The points:
1. Base.
By configuration:

Separate on 2 types, there are more exotic options, but the main 2:

With a moving portal:
In fact, the design selected by me, it has the basis on which the guides along the X axis are fixed. According to the guide axis x, the portal is moved, on which the guide axis Y is placed, and the Z axis moving along it is located.

With static portal
Such a design also represents the housing itself and is the portal on which the guide axis y is placed, and the node of the z axis moving along it, and the x axis is already moving relative to the portal.

By material:
The housing can be made of different materials, the most common:
- Dural - has a good mass ratio, stiffness, but the price (precisely for the Hobbide Self-Line) is still depressing, although if there are species for serious money earning, then without options.
- Plywood - good stiffness with sufficient thickness, low weight, the ability to handle anything :), well, the price itself, the plywood sheet 17 is now quite inexpensive.
- Steel - often applied on machines of a large area of \u200b\u200bprocessing. Such a machine of course should be static (not mobile) and heavy.
- MFD, plexiglass and monolithic polycarbonate, even chipboard - also seen such options.

As you can see - the machine design itself is very similar and with a 3D printer and laser engravers.
I intentionally do not write about the design of 4, 5 and 6-seed milling machines, because On the agenda is the homemade hobby machine.

2. Spindle.
Actually, spindles are with air and water cooling.
Air cooling in the end cost cheaper, because For them, it is not necessary to burn an additional water circuit, they work a little louder than water. Cooling is provided by an impeller installed on the back side, which in high revs creates a tangible air flow, coolant engine housing. The more powerful the engine, the more serious cooling and the greater the air flow that may well blow in all directions
Dust (chips, sawdust) of the processed product.

Watery cooling. Such a spindle works almost silently, but in the end, it is still not to hear the difference between them in the course of work, since the sound of the material being processed will block the material. A draft from the impeller, in this case, of course not, but there is an additional hydraulic circuit. In such a circuit there must be pipelines and pump pumping fluid, as well as a cooling place (blowing radiator). In this circuit, not water, and either toosol or ethylene glycol are usually poured into this circuit.

Also there are different power spindles, and if low-power can be connected directly to the control board, then the engine power from 1kW must already be connected through the control unit, but it is no longer about us.))

Yes, even often in homemade machines are installed straight grinders, or milling mills with a removable base. Such a solution can be justified, especially when performing work for short duration.

In my case, a spindle with air cooling with a capacity of 300W was chosen.

3. Stepper motors.
Motors of 3 sizes received the greatest distribution
NEMA17, NEMA23, NEMA 32
They differ in size, power and working point
NEMA17 is usually used in 3D printers, for milling machines they are small, because It is necessary to carry a heavy portal, to which the lateral load is additionally applied during processing.
NEMA32 For such a craft, it would also have to take another control board.
My choice fell on the NEMA23 with a maximum power for this board - 3a.

Also, people use heads from printers, but because I didn't have them and still had to buy chose everything in the kit.

4. Controller
Control board receiving signals from the computer and the transmitting voltage to stepper motors moving the axis of the machine.

5. Computer
We need a separate computer (possibly very old) and the reasons for this, perhaps, two:
1. You are unlikely to decide the milling machine next to the place where you are accustomed to reading online, play toys, lead accounting, etc. Just because the milling machine is loud and dusty. Usually the machine either in the workshop or in the garage (better heated). My machine stands in the garage, in winter it is predominantly idle, because No heating.
2. For economic considerations, computers are usually applied not yet relevant for domestic life - strongly used :)
Requirements for the machine by and large:
- from Pentium 4
- availability of a discrete video card
- RAM from 512MB
- The presence of the LPT connector (I will not say about the USB, the name of the driver running on LPT has not yet studied the new
Such a computer either gets out of the storage room, or as in my case is bought for a scentual.
Due to the low power of the car, we try not to put additional software, i.e. Only the axis and the management program.

Further two options:
- We install Windows XP (the computer is weak, remember, yes?) And the MATCH3 control program (there are others, but this is the most popular)
- put Nixes and Linux CNC (they say that everything is also very good, but I did not master Nixes)

I will be added, perhaps, not to offend unnecessarily secured people, that it is quite possible to put and not Prenok the fourth, and some A7 - please, if you like it and you can afford it.

6. Basic drawing skills, patience, desire and good mood.
Here in a nutshell.
To work the machine, you need a control program (essentially a text file containing displacement coordinates, movement speed and acceleration), which in turn is prepared in the CAM application - usually it is ArtCAM, in this application the model itself is to prepare, it is set to the cutting tool.
I usually do a little more long way, I make a drawing, and AutoCAD then, retaining it * .dxf loading in ArtCam and already prepare UE.

Well, proceed to the process of creating your own.

Before designing the machine, we accept several points for the starting points:
- The shafts of the axles will be made from the studs of the construction with the M10 thread. Of course, more technological options are indisputable: a trapezoidal thread shaft, a ball-screw transmission (ShvP), but it is necessary to understand that the issue price leaves much to be desired, and for a hobby machine the price is at all space. Nevertheless, over time, I am going to undergrade and replace the hairpin on the trapezium.
- Material material - plywood 16mm. Why plywood? Available, cheap, angry. Options are actually a lot, someone does out of Durally, one of the plexiglas. It is easier for me from plywood.

Making 3D model:

Scan:

Then I did this, the snapshot was left, but I think it will understand. Printed a scan on transparent sheets, cut them out and pasted on a sheet of plywood.
Sawed parts and drilled holes. From the tools - the electrolovka and the screwdriver.
There is another little trick that will make life easier in the future: all pair parts before drilling holes to squeeze the clamp and drill through, so you get holes equally located on each part. Even if a small deviation is turned out when drilling, the inner parts of the connected parts will coincide, and the hole can be drilled slightly.

In parallel we do the specification and begin to order everything.
What happened to me:
1. The set specified in this review includes: Stepper Motor Management Board (driver), stepper motors NEMA23 - 3 pcs., 12V power supply, LPTi cooler cord.

2. Spindle (this is the easiest, but nevertheless it performs its work), fastener and 12V power supply.

3. Used Pentium 4, most importantly on the motherboard there is an LPT and a discrete video card + CRT monitor. Took Avito for 1000r.
4. Steel shaft: F20mm - L \u003d 500mm - 2pcs., F16mm - L \u003d 500mm - 2pc., F12mm - L \u003d 300mm - 2pcs.
I took here, at that time in St. Petersburg it was more expensive. It came within 2 weeks.

5. Linear bearings: F20 - 4pcs., F16 - 4pcs., F12 - 4 pcs.
20

16

12

6. Fastening for shafts: F20 - 4pcs., F16 - 4pcs., F12 - 2pcs.
20

16

12

7. Nuts Caproolone with M10 - 3pcs thread.
Took with the shafts on duxe.ru
8. Rotation bearings, closed - 6pcs.
There, but the Chinese have them too
9. Wire PVS 4x2.5
This is offline
10. Coins, tongues, wrenches, clamps - a handful.
This is also offline, in hardware.
11. It was also bought a set of cutters

So, we order, wait, drink and collect.

Initially, the driver and power supply for it installed in the case with the computer together.

Later it was decided to place the driver in a separate package, it just appeared.

Well, the old monitor somehow changed to more modern.

As I said at the beginning, I did not think that I would write a review, so I would create photos of the nodes, and I will try to make explanations on the assembly process.

First we collect three axes without screws in order to maximize the shafts.
We take the front and rear walls of the body, fasten the flanges for the shafts. We ride on the x axis of 2 linear bearings and insert them into the flanges.

Fresh bottom portal to linear bearings, try to ride the base of the portal there and here. I am convinced of the curvature of our hands, we all disassemble and take a little reassuring the holes.
Thus, we get some freedom to move shafts. Now I'm caught in the flanges, insert the shafts in them and move the base of the portal forward-back to achieve smooth slip. Tighten the flanges.
At this stage, it is necessary to check the horizontal of the shafts, as well as their alopeciousness along the Z axis (in short, so that the distance from the assembly table to the shafts is the same) to then not fill the future working plane.
With the axis of x dealt.
Fresh portal racks to the base, I used furniture barrels for this.

Rock flanges for Y axis to racks, this time outside:

Insert trees with linear bearings.
Breep the rear wall of the z axis.
We repeat the process of setting up the parallelism of the shafts and fix the flanges.
We repeat the same process with the Z axis.
We obtain a fairly funny design that can be moved by one hand in three coordinates.
Important moment: all axles should move easily, i.e. A slightly tilting design The portal should be freely, without any creak and resistance to move.

Next, secure running screws.
We cut off the construction heap of the M10 required length, screw the caprolone nut at about the middle, and 2 m10 nuts on each side. It is convenient for this, while screwing the nuts, pinch the hairpin into the screwdriver and holding the nuts.
Insert the bearings into the socket and go to them from the inside of the stud. After that, fix the studs to the bearing with nuts on each side and the second in the second to do not break.
Fresh caprolone nut to the base of the axis.
Push the end of the hairpin into the screwdriver and try to move the axis from the beginning to the end and return.
Here we are still waiting for a couple of joys:
1. Distance from the axis of the nut to the base in the center (and most likely at the time of the assembly, the base will be in the middle) may not coincide with the distance in extreme positions, because Shafts under construction can be fed. I had to put the card on the axis x.
2. The stroke of the shaft can be very tight. If you excluded all the distillation, then the tension role can play, here it is necessary to catch the moment of tensioning nuts to nuts to the installed bearing.
Having understood with the problems and having received free rotation from the beginning to end, go to the installation of other screws.

We attach stepper motors to the screws:
In general, when using special screws, whether it is a trapezoid or ShvP on them to process the ends and then the connection to the engine is very conveniently made by a special coupling.

But we have a building stud and I had to think how to fix it. At that moment I was caught in the hands of a gas pipe, and applied it. It is on the heel right "winding up" on the engine comes into the wipe, dragged the clamps - it keeps very well.

To secure the engines, I took an aluminum tube, cut. Regulated by washers.
To connect the engines, these connectors took:

Sorry, I do not remember what they say, I hope someone in the comments will tell.
GX16-4 connector (thanks to Jager). I asked collega to buy in the electronics store, he just lives next to, and I worked very uncomfortable. They are very pleased: they are securely held, designed for a larger current, you can always disconnect.
We put the working field, he is a sacrificial table.
We attach all the engines to the control board from the review, connect it to 12B of BP, connect to the LPT cable computer.

We install on the Mach3 PC, make settings and try!
About the setting separately, perhaps, I will not write. This is a couple more pages to roll.

I have a whole joy, the roller of the first launch of the machine is preserved:

Yes, when there was a terrible stray on this video, I unfortunately, I still don't remember exactly, but in the end I found something puck spent, or something else, in general it was decided without any problems.

Next, it is necessary to put the spindle, while ensuring its perpendicularity (at the same time along x and along y) the working plane. The essence of the procedure is so, to the spindle with a tape with a pencil, thus obtaining an indent from the axis. With a smooth lowering of the pencil, he begins to draw a circle on the board. If the spindle is littered, then it turns out not a circle, but an arc. Accordingly, it is necessary to equalize the drawing of the circle. The photo from the process was preserved, the pencil is not in focus, and the angle is not the same, but I think the essence is clear:

We find a ready-made model (in my case the emblem of the Russian Federation) prepare the UE, they feed it Machu and go ahead!
Machine work:

Photo in the process:

Well, and naturally pass the dedication))
The situation both fun and generally understandable. We dream to build a machine and immediately cut out something supercourse, and in the end we understand that at this time it will take just a lot of time.

In a nutshell:
With 2D processing (simply discharge), the circuit is set, which is cut out for several passes.
With 3D processing (here you can plunge into the holivar, some claim that it is not 3d and 2.5d, because the workpiece is processed from above) the complex surface is set. And the higher the accuracy of the desired result, the thinner it uses the cutter, the greater the passages of this cutter.
Black processing is used to accelerate the process. Those. First, a sample of the main volume is made with a large cutter, then finishing a fine milling processing.

Next, try, tune in experimenting etc. Rule 10,000 hours works and here;)
Perhaps I will not tire more about the construction, configuration, etc. It's time to show the results of using the machine - Product.

As you can see, it is basically dug out contours or 2d processing. It takes a lot of time on the processing of bulk figures, the machine stands in the garage, and I visit there for a short time.
Here I will rightly notice - and on ... build such a bandor, if you can cut the shape of a U-shaped jigsaw or an electrolovka?
You can, but this is not our method. How to remember at the beginning of the text, I wrote that it was the idea to make a drawing on a computer and turn this drawing in the product and served as an impetus to the creation of this beast.

Writing a review finally pushed the upgrade of the machine. Those. The upgrade was planned earlier, but "the hands did not reach everything." The last change before this was the organization of a house for the machine:

Thus, in the garage during the operation, the machine was much quieter and much less dust flies.

The latest upgrade was the installation of a new spindle, more precisely, I now have two replaceable databases:
1. With the Chinese spindle 300W for shallow work:

2. With domestic, but from a not less Chinese milling "Enkor" ...

New features have appeared with the new milling.
Faster processing, more dust.
Here is the result of using a semicircular dummy cutter:

Well, especially for MySku
Simple direct groove mill:

Video process:

On this I will turn around, but according to the rules it would be necessary to sum up the results.

Minuses:
- Expensive.
- Long.
- from time to time it is necessary to solve new problems (the light, the tip turned off, was unwound something and others)

Pros:
- The creation process itself. Only this already justifies the creation of the machine. Search for solutions of emerging problems and implementation, and is that for which instead of sitting on the pope exactly you get up and you go to do something.
- Joy at the time of the gift of gifts made by their own hands. It is necessary to add that the machine does not make all the work itself :) In addition to milling, it is necessary to still process it, pour painting, etc.

Thank you so much if you still read. I hope that my post albeit that even does not fit you to create such a (or other) machine, but it will expand the horizon and give food to reflections. Also thanks, I want to say to those who persuaded me to write this opus, without him, I didn't have an upgrade apparently, so everything is in positive.

I apologize for inaccuracies in the wording and all sorts of lyrical deviations. Much had to cut, otherwise the text would be just an immense. Clarifications and additions are naturally possible, write in the comments - I will try to answer everyone.

Good luck to you in your endeavors!

Promised Links to Files:
- drawing of the machine,
- scan,
Format - DXF. This means that you can open the file by any vector editor.
3D model detailed interest per 85-90, many things did, or at the time of the preparation of the scan, or at the place. Please "understand and forgive".)

I plan to buy +151 Add to favourites I liked the review +261 +487

In this review, I will tell you from which details and components a given printer was collected. I will show how the main nodes are arranged. And also make the starting machine on Arduino. Turn on the spindle.

The idle software for starting the machine with such a connection scheme see. This example is very simple, but it has a fairly large number of flaws.

For the assembly of the CNC, the machine from the parts from the printer was used:

3 Matrix Printer A3 format.
Furniture guides: 2 pairs of 500 mm. And one pair by 300 mm.
Board 25x100, 25x25 bar, 8 mm thick plywood.
Power supply from a computer.
Drivers L298 4 pcs.
Construction and furniture corners.
Self-tapping screws, screws, nuts and hairpins M10.
Telephone wires, wires from a computer.
A variable resistor from the car.
Engine from a car compressor.
Stepper motor from the scanner.
Brass collet.

Briefly what was used in CNC STINKE:

Axis x PU machine made of two bases from matrix printers A3 format. Using bars 25x25, the base of printer bases is made and two furniture guides with a length of 500 mm are fixed on the bars. On the furniture guides from above, a sheet of plywood was fixed with 8 mm.

Y axis machine on Arduino.located on the portal, which is made of three boards 25x100 mm. To move, an engine from a matrix printer and belt transmission is used. Guides are also furniture-long 500 mm.

Axis Z. CNC Fastened to the guide axes Y. To move, a stepper motor taken from the scanner was used. The transfer of the screw made from the pylon M10. Guides furniture length 300 mm. Connected at an angle of 90 degrees for rigidity.

Spindle Machine ChP.It is made from the engine taken from the non-working automotive compressor. On the motor shaft is fixed by Cangga.

Manages the machine. Drivers L298. To reduce voltage from 12 volts to 8, transistors are used.

See also Video:

Milling on a self-made CNC milling machine.

For most homemade craftsmen, the manufacture of such an unit, like a CNC milling machine with their own hands - something at the level of the fantastic plot, because such cars and mechanisms are complex in the design, structural and electronic understanding of the device.

However, possessing the necessary documentation under hand, as well as the required materials, devices, a mini-milling homemade apparatus, equipped with CNC, to make itself perfectly possible.

This mechanism is allocated to the accuracy of the processing, easy to manage mechanical and technological processes, as well as excellent performance and quality performance indicators.

Principle of operation

Innovative milling machines with blocks on computer control is intended to perform complex drawings on semi-finished products. The design is required to possess the electronic component. In the complex, this will allow maximum to automate workflows.

For modeling milling mechanisms, it is originally required to familiarize themselves with the fundamental elements. The actuator acts in the role of the actuator, which is mounted in the spindle located on the shaft of the electric motor. This part is fixed on the basis. It is capable of moving in two coordinate axes: x and y. To fix the blanks, construct and install the supporting table.

The electrical adjustment unit is articulated with electric route. They will move the carriage regarding the processed billets or semi-finished products. According to such technology, 3D graphic images are performed on wooden planes.

The sequence of performance of this mechanism with CNC:

Writing a working program, at the expense of which the working body will be moved. For this procedure, it is best to use specialized electronic complexes designed to perform adaptation in "handicraft" copies.
Mounting semi-finished products on a table.
Software output on CNC.
Running mechanisms, controlling the passage of automatic equipment manipulations.

To obtain the maximum level of automation in the 3D mode, correctly match the circuit and designate certain components. Experts strongly advise initially study production specimens before the construction of a milling machine with their own hands.

Scheme and drawing

CNC milling machine circuit

The most responsible phase in the manufacture of a self-made analogue is the search for the optimal progress of the equipment. It directly depends on the overall characteristics of the processed billets and the need to achieve a certain quality in processing.

For the need to obtain all the necessary functions of the equipment, the best option is the manufacture of a mini-milling machine with your own hands. Thus, you will be confident not only in the assembly and its quality, but also technological properties, it will be known to be known how to serve it.

Components of transmissions

The most successful option is the design of 2 carriages moving via perpendicular axes X and Y. As the core is better to use metal grinding bars. Mobile mobile carriages are "dressed" on them. For the correct manufacture of transmission, we prepare stepper electromotors, as well as a set of screws.

For improved automation of working processes of CNC milling machines, designed personally, it is required to contemplate the electronic component to the smallest detail. It is divided into the following components:

used to carry out electrical energy into stepper motors and maintains the controller chip. Chassis is considered to be a modification of 12V 3A;
its purpose is to serve commands to engines. To properly perform all the specified transactions of the CNC milling machine, it will be enough to use a simple scheme to perform control of the operation of 3 engines;
drivers (Software). Also is an element of adjusting the movable mechanism.

Video: CNC milling machine with their own hands.

Components for homemade milling machine

The next, and responsible step in the construction of milling equipment is a selection of components for the construction of a self-made unit. The optimal output from this situation is the use of submitted parts and devices. As a basis for table copies of 3D machines, it is possible to take solid wood (beech, housing), aluminum / steel or organic glass.

For the normal operation of the complex as a whole requires the development of the design of the calipers. At the time of their movement, hesitations are not unacceptable, it will cause incorrect milling. Consequently, before assembly, components are checked for reliability.

Practical tips on choosing the components of the CNC milling machine:

guides - steel well-polished rods ø12 mm applied. The length of the axis x is about 200 mm, y - 100 mm;
sugper mechanism, optimal material - textolite. Standard playground dimensions are 30 × 100 × 50 mm;
step-by-step motors - engineering experts advise to apply samples from 24V printing device, 5a. They have a sufficiently significant capacity;
the unit of fixing the working body, it can also be built using the textolite. The configuration directly depends on the existing tool in stock.

The order of constructing milling equipment with CNC

After completing the selection of all necessary components, it is possible to completely unhindered to construct their own oversized milling mechanism equipped with CNC. Before proceeding to direct design, once again check the components, their parameters and quality of manufacture are monitored. This will continue to help avoid premature failure of the mechanism chain.

Specialized fasteners are used for reliable fixing equipment equipment. Their constructive and execution directly depend on the future scheme.

The list of necessary actions for the assembly of small equipment with CNC to perform the process of milling:

Mounting the guide axes of the caliper element, fixing on the extreme parts of the machine.
Tear calipers. It is required to move along the guides to the moment the smooth movement is formed.
Tightening screws for fixing the caliper device.
Fastening components based on the working mechanism.
Mounting driving screws and couplings.
Installation of marching motors. They are fixed to couplings bolts.

Electronic components are located in an autonomous cabinet. This provides minimization of failures in performance in the process of carrying out technological operations by the mill. The plane for mounting the work machine is obliged to be without drops, because the design does not provide level control screws.

After completing the above, proceed to performing trial tests. First, you need to install a lightweight program for performing milling. In the process of work, it is necessary to continuously check all the passages of the working body (cutters). Parameters that are subject to continuous control: depth and processing width. This specially refers to 3D processing.

Thus, referring to the above written information, the manufacture of milling equipment with their own hands, gives a whole list of benefits to ordinary purchased counterparts. Firstly, this design will approach the intended volumes and types of work, secondly, maintainability is ensured, as it is built from healthy materials and devices and, thirdly, this option is inexpensive.

Having experience designing such equipment, further repair does not take much time, downtime will be reduced to a minimum. Such equipment can be useful to your neighbors in the country area to perform their own repair work. By leasing such equipment, you will help your neighbor in labor, expect to help in the future.

Having understood with the constructive and functional features of milling machines, as well as the load that will fall on it, you can safely be taken for its manufacture, based on the practical information given in the course of the text. Design and follow the tasks of without any problems.

Video: Homemade CNC milling machine on wood.

The article describes a homemade machine with CNC. The main advantage of this variant of the machine is a simple method for connecting stepper motors to a computer via the LPT port.

Mechanical part

The bed of the window of our machine is made of plastic thickness of 11-12mm. The material is not critical, you can use aluminum, organic glass Phaneur and any other available material. The main parts of the frame are attached with the help of screws, if you wish, you can additionally place the places of attachment with glue if you use wood, then you can use PVA glue.

Caliper and guides are used as a guide steel rods with a diameter of 12mm, length 200mm (on the axis z 90mm), two pieces on the axis. The calipers are made of textolite with dimensions of 25x100x45. Textolol has three through holes, two of them for guides and one for the nut. Guide parts are fixed with screws M6. Caliper x and y In the upper part have 4 threaded holes for mounting the table and the Z axis node.

Caliper Z guide axis z are attached to the caliper x through a steel plate, which is transitional, the dimensions of the plate 45x100x4.

Stepper motors are installed on fasteners that can be made of sheet steel with a thickness of 2-3mm. The screw must be connected to the axis of the stepper motor using a flexible shaft, which can be used as a rubber hose. When using a hard shaft, the system will not work for sure. The nut is made from brass, which is glued into the caliper.

Assembly Assembling homemade CNC machine, carried out in the following sequence:

First you need to install all guide components in the caliper and fasten them to the sidewalls that are first not installed on the base.
Caliper Move on the guides until they achieve a smooth stroke.
Tighten the bolts, fixing the guide parts.
To base, the caliper, the guide and sidewall node, use the screws for the attachment.
We collect the Z node and together with the transition plate attach it to the caliper of X.
Next, set the running screws together with couplings.
We establish stepper motors connecting the engine rotor and screw with a clutch. We draw strict attention to that the driving screws rotate smoothly.

Recommendations for the assembly of the machine: the nuts can also be made of cast iron, you should not use other materials, the screws can be bought at any construction store and trim under your needs. When using screws with M6x1 thread, the nut length will be 10 mm.

Drawings Machine.ra

Go to the second part of the CNC assembly of the machine with your own hands, namely to the electronics.

Electronics

The power supply as a power supply unit was used to 12 volt 3A. The unit is designed to power stepper motors. Another voltage source for 5 volt and with a current of 0.3a was used to pick up the controller chip. The power supply depends on the power of stepper motors.

We give the calculation of the power supply. The calculation is simple - 3x2x1 \u003d 6a, where 3 is the amount of stepper motors used, 2 is the number of subtitled windings, 1 - current in amperes.

The controller controller controller was assembled in total on the 3rd 555TM7 series chips. The controller does not require firmware and has a fairly simple principal scheme, thanks to this, this CNC machine can make a person who is not particularly versed in electronics.

Description and assignment of the LPT port connector.

CALL.	Name	Direction	Description
1	Strobe.	Enter and output	PC is installed after completing each data transfer
2..9	DO-D7.	output	Output
10	ASC	input	Installed in the "0" external device after receiving byte
11	Busy.	input	The device shows that it is occupied by installing this line in "1"
12	Paper Out.	input	For printers
13	SELECT	input	The device shows that it is ready by installing on this line "1"
14	Autofeed
15	Error	input	Error indicates
16	Initialize.	Enter and output
17	SELECT IN.	Enter and output
18..25	Ground Gnd.	GND.	Common wire

For the experiment, a stepper motor from an old 5.25-inches was used. In the 7 bit scheme is not used because Applied 3 engines. You can hang the key to turn on the main engine (mill or drill).

The driver for stepper motors to control the stepping motor is used by the driver, which is an amplifier with the 4th channels. The design is implemented in total on 4 transistors of the KT917 type.

You can also use serial chips, for example - ULN 2004 (9 keys) with a current of 0.5-0.6a.

For control, the VRI-CNC program is used. A detailed description and instructions for using the program is on the official website.

By collecting this CNC machine with your own hands, you will become the owner of the machine capable of performing mechanical processing (drilling, milling) plastics. Engraving in steel. Also, a CNC homemade machine can be used as a graph-beader, you can draw and drill printed circuit boards.

According to the site: vri-cnc.ru

all-he.ru.

CNC do it yourself drawings

Knowing that the CNC milling machine is a complex technical and electronic device, many craftsmen think that it is simply impossible to make it with their own hands. However, such an opinion is erroneous: it is possible to make such equipment yourself, but for this you need to have not only its detailed drawing, but also a set of necessary tools and related components.

Processing of dural billet on a homemade desktop milling machine

Deciding on the manufacture of a self-made milling machine with CNC, keep in mind that it can escape a significant amount of time. In addition, certain financial costs will be required. However, without afraid of such difficulties and correctly approaching all the questions, it is possible to become the owner of an affordable, efficient and productive equipment available, which makes it possible to carry out the processing of blanks from various materials with a high degree of accuracy.

To make a milling machine, equipped with the CNC system, you can use two options: buy a ready-made set, from specially selected elements of which such equipment is assembled, or to find all components and with your own hands to assemble a device that fully satisfies all your requirements.

Instructions for assembling self-made milling machine with CNC

Below in the photo you can see the CNC milling machine with your own hands, to which a detailed manufacturing and assembly instruction is attached with the indication of the materials and components used, accurate "patterns" of the machine parts and approximate costs. The only negative is the instruction in English, but it is possible to understand detailed drawings, and without knowing the language.

Free Download Machine Manufacturing Instructions: Homemade CNC Milling Machine

CNC milling machine is assembled and ready to work. Below are some illustrations from the instructions for assembling this machine

"Patterns" machine parts (Reduced view) Start of the machine assembly Intermediate stage Final stage assembly

Preparatory work

If you decide that you will design a CNC machine with your own hands without using the finished set, the first thing you need to do is to stop your choice on the schematic diagram on which such mini equipment will work.

CNC milling machine circuit

As the basis of milling equipment with CNC, you can take an old drilling machine in which the working head with a drill is replaced by the milling. The most difficult thing to be designed in such equipment is a mechanism that provides the movement of the instrument in three independent planes. This mechanism can be collected on the basis of carriages from the non-working printer, it will ensure the movement of the tool in two planes.

To the device assembled on such a schematic diagram, easy to connect software control. However, its main disadvantage is that only billets made of plastic, wood and fine sheet metal can be processed on such a CNC machine. It is explained by the fact that carriages from the old printer, which will ensure the movement of the cutting tool, do not have a sufficient degree of rigidity.

Lightweight version of the CNC milling machine to work with soft materials

In order for your homemade CNC homemade machine to perform full-fledged milling operations with blanks from various materials, a sufficiently powerful stepper motor must be answered for moving the working tool. It is absolutely not necessary to look for the engine that is precisely a step type, it can be made from a conventional electric motor, subjected to the last small refinement.

The use of a stepper motor in your milling machine will make it possible to avoid using the screw transmission, and the functionality and characteristics of homemade equipment will not be worse. If you still decide to use the carriage from the printer for your mini-machine, it is desirable to choose them from a more large-sized model of the printed device. To transfer efforts on the milling equipment shaft, it is better not to apply usable, and gear straps that will not slip on the pulleys.

Node belt transmission

One of the most important nodes of any similar machine is the mechanism of the mill. It is its manufacture that it is necessary to pay special attention. To properly make such a mechanism, you will need detailed drawings that need to be strictly followed.

CNC milling machine drawings

Drawing number 1 (side view)

Drawing number 2 (rear view)

Drawing number 3 (top view)

Establish the equipment assembly

The basis of the self-made milling equipment with CNC can be a rectangular beam, which must be securely fixed on the guides.

The carrier design of the machine should have high rigidity, when it is installed, it is better not to use welded connections, and you only need to connect all the elements using screws.

Machine frame fastening node by means of a bolted connection

This requirement is explained by the fact that the welds are very poorly tolerated vibration loads, which will necessarily be subject to the supporting design of the equipment. Such loads will eventually lead to the fact that the machine frame will begin to collapse over time, and it will occur in geometric sizes, which will affect the accuracy of the equipment setting and its performance.

Welded seams When mounting the frame of the homemade milling machine often provoke the development of the backlash in its nodes, as well as the deflection of the guides formed during serious loads.

Installation of vertical racks

In the milling machine, which you will collect with your own hands, a mechanism must be provided that ensures the movement of the working tool in the vertical direction. It is best to use a screw transmission for this, the rotation to which will be transmitted using a toothed belt.

An important part of the milling machine is its vertical axis, which can be made of aluminum plates for a homemade device. It is very important that the dimensions of this axis are exactly adjacent to the dimensions of the device being collected. If you have a muffle furnace, you can make the vertical axis of the machine with your own hands, sings it from aluminum in size specified in the finished drawing.

Upper carriage node placed on transverse guides

After all components of your homemade milling machine are prepared, you can begin to assemble. This process begins with the installation of two stepper electric motors, which are attached to the equipment body behind its vertical axis. One of these electric motors will be responsible for moving the milling head in a horizontal plane, and the second is for moving the head, respectively, in vertical. After that, the remaining nodes and units of homemade equipment are mounted.

Final stage of assembling machine

Rotation to all nodes of self-made equipment with CNC should be transmitted only by belt gears. Before connecting a software control system to the assembled machine, it is necessary to check its performance in manual mode and immediately eliminate all the identified disadvantages in its operation.

You can see the process of assembling the milling machine with your own hands on the video that is easy to find on the Internet.

Stepper engines

In the design of any milling machine equipped with CNC, stepper motors are necessarily present, which ensure the movement of the tool in three planes: 3D. When designing a homemade machine for this purpose, you can use the electromotors installed in the matrix printer. Most of the old models of matrix printing devices were equipped with electric motors with a sufficiently high power. In addition to stepper electric motors from the old printer, it is worth taking durable steel rods that can also be used in the design of your homemade machine.

Fastening a stepper motor on the top carriage

In order to make the CNC milling machine with your own hands, you will need three stepping motors. Since there are only two of them in the matrix printer, you will need to find and disassemble another old printing device.

It turns out a big plus if the engines you found will have five control wires: this will significantly increase the functionality of your future mini-machine. It is also important to find out the following parameters of the stepper electric motors you find: how much degrees are carried out in one step, which is the supply voltage, as well as the value of the winding resistance.

To connect each step motor, you will need a separate controller.

The design of the self-made milling machine with CNC is collected from nuts and studs, the dimensions of which should be pre-pick up the drawing of your equipment. To fix the shaft of the electric motor and to connect it to the heel, it is convenient to use a thick rubber winding from an electrical cable. Such elements of your CNC machine, like fixators, can be made in the form of a nylon sleeve in which the screw is inserted. In order to make such simple structural elements, you will need a normal file and drill.

Electronic equipment filling

Manage your CNC Machine made with your own hands, will be software, and it must be properly pick up. Choosing such a provision (it can be written independently), it is important to pay attention to that it is workable and allowed the machine to implement all its functionality. This software must contain drivers for controllers that will be installed on your milling mini machine.

In the CNC homemade machine, the LPT port is mandatory, through which the electronic control system and connects to the machine. It is very important that such a connection is carried out through the steady electric motors.

Unipolar stepper electric motors for the 3-coordinate CNC coordinate machine (click to enlarge)

Choosing electronic components for your machine made with your own hands, it is important to pay attention to their quality, since it is from this that the accuracy of technological operations will depend on it, which will be performed on it. After installing and connecting all electronic components, the CNC system needs to download the necessary software and drivers. Only then follows the trial launch of the machine, checking the correctness of its work under the control of downloaded programs, identifying deficiencies and their operational elimination.

All the above-described actions and listed components are suitable for manufacturing with their own hands of the milling machine not only the coordinate-boring group, but also a number of other types. On such equipment, you can perform the processing of parts with a complex configuration, since the working organ of the machine can move in three planes: 3D.

Your desire for your own hands to collect such a machine controlled by the CNC system must be supported by the presence of certain skills and detailed drawings. It is also very desirable to see a number of thematic learning videos, some of which are presented in this article.

Home\u003e Metal Processing Equipment\u003e Milling Machines

CNC machine with your own hands / DIY / collective blog

Today, the CNC machine has a wide range of applications. Among the main operations performed on it, it is possible to note the manufacture of furniture, stone processing, repair, construction work, etc.

CNC machine made in industrial conditions - the pleasure is quite expensive. But it turns out to be complex at first glance, the mechanism is very simple and available in manufacturing in domestic conditions with their own hands.

For first experience, it is best to stop your choice on the machine with a moving portal. This is due to the fact that simplicity and functionality are combined in it.

For the manufacture of the main parts of the machine Take the MDF plate. This material is small dispersed fractions that are pronounced under greater pressure and a temperature in one stove. The main characteristics of the MDF include high density. Therefore, they are perfectly suitable for the manufacture of CNC machines with their own hands. On the equipment from the MDF, plastic processing can be carried out, wood, making engraving, but do not turn out metal parts with high accuracy. This is connected with the low resistance of this material to the loads.

To begin with the drawing of our machine print on the printer. Then the resulting patterns can be pasted on MDF. So much easier and more convenient to cut the details of the future machine.

Accessories that will be used in assembly can be purchased in any construction or construction store.

In addition to accessories, the following tools will be required for the manufacture of the machine: drill, screwdriver and hacksaw. If you have an electrolybiz, then it is better to use it. This will greatly simplify the process of drinking parts.

Start the manufacture of the machine. For this printer, the drawings are printed on the printer, we stick onto the MDF plate using the adhesive pencil for paper. Choosing it in the store, stop your choice in the thick. This will significantly speed up the process of sticking patterns.

Now you can directly drink blanks. In this model, all parts have practically straight lines and the most simple contours.

After all templates are cut, proceed to drump out holes. It should be paid to the fact that many of them have a large diameter. Therefore, that the surface of these holes is neat and smooth, it is better to use crowns or pumps for grinding. Thus, you will have the opportunity to carefully clean the holes to the desired diameter.

Now you can start assembling the CNC machine according to your drawings.

Since we plan to use the machine at home, it is necessary to establish a fencing. This will avoid the flushing of dust and dirt from the workpieces.

For these purposes, it is possible to use foam, fiberglass, thin paneur, etc. Do not forget to make a small hole in the fence.

Through it can be connected with an exhaust from the old vacuum cleaner. This will ensure maximum dust capturing and chips. The reverse effect of using such a "dirt leader" is a strong noise.

The next important stage of the assembly of the CNC machine is the electronics. After all, it is important, because With it, the control process takes place.

In this case, you can use two ways to solve. The first of them is to collect the necessary controller scheme by independently by purchasing all the necessary details.

The second way is easier to buy a ready-made controller in the store or on a radio station. Which of the proposed ways to choose is to solve you. If you are not very versed in radio engineering and decide to buy a finished item, then it is recommended to stop the choice on TV6560.

The choice of this element is the possibility of selecting the necessary nutrition, depending on the stepping motor used, the presence of protection against overload and overheating, the use of a plurality of software, etc.

In case the controller you will be made independently, the old scanner or MFP is perfectly suitable. The ULN2003 chip is selected from it, steel rods and stepper motor. In addition, you need a DV-25 connector with a wire, a socket for powering the controller itself. If you want to have computer control of your machine, then there will be a computer to which you connect the obtained equipment.

To create a controller, we take any fee available we have. On it neatly the soldering iron solder the ULN2003 chip. At the same time, do not forget about polarity.

The diagram shows that there are two power tires. Therefore, the conclusion of the chip with a negative sign we solder to one, but with a positive one. After that, by the output 1 ULN2003, we attach the output of 2 parallel port connector. To the conclusion 2 ULN2003, we join the output of the 3 connector. Accordingly, the conclusion of the scheme ULN2003 4 we connect with 5 connotor terminal, etc. But the output of zero with 25 with the output of the parallel port we solder to the negative tire.

The next step is to solder the stepper motor to the control device. It is possible to make it correctly only by the method of trial and errors, because Most often, there is no documentation for the conclusion of the existing electric motor. Therefore, it is recommended that the engine wires are equipped with crocodiles clamps. Thus, the process will go faster and easier.

The next our step is the connection of the wires with the conclusions 13,14,15,16 microcircuits ULN2003. Now we will solder wires to the nutrition bus with a plus sign. At the end, install the power socket.

Our controller is almost ready. Now we set it on steel rods and fix in prepared nests. In order for the operation of the wires during operation, it is better to fix them with a thermoclaus.

44Kw.com.

Drawing of homemade cnc machine

You can download the drawing of the homemade CNC the machine by reference at the end of the article.

In the archive offered to download, there is a CNC drawing machine for assembling with their own hands.

This is a fairly common type of CNC machine with a moving portal.

This drawing is very different in that it is not only given detail - when each machine part is drawn separately and has an affixed size, but also the assembly drawings of each of the nodes are presented.

CNC Machine according to such a drawing can be made from almost any material. It may be duralumin plates and multilayer plywood. You can use durable plastic or plexiglass in the design of the homemade CNC machine.

The drawings have a vector DXF format and can be smeared into any sizes.

In the simplest case, you can take engines from the Matrix Printers of the EPSON FX1000 type A3 format, from the same printer to take the steel guides along with the slide node.

As a running screw in the budget version of the homemade CNC, the machine is used with a M6 or M8 threaded. The running nuts are better to order a turner and pull them out of bronze. The bronze nut can "walk" for 5-7 years with the daily use of the CNC machine for 8-10 hours.

The running screws are the consumable material, and the running nuts can be served not yet on one homemade machine.

However, I did not read about how the driving nuts made from plastic or Ghetinaks were used.

A homemade CNC made from undergraded means will allow you to process wood, plastics and non-ferrous metals.

For the processing of metals and steel such a machine becomes affordable due to the weak stiffness of the structure.

However, it can be used for engraving or as a boring machine with CNC control on metals.

But how frees - unlikely. When milling metals, shock loads occur - for example, during milling one groove, another groove met and then the mechanical blow occurs, which is transmitted to the design of the machine and the chassis screw.

For homework, such as milling of sets for the assembly of aircraft model from Balza - such a machine easies easily justifies the cost of its manufacture!

Download the drawings of the homemade CNC machine can be here: Depositfiles or from our site

Homemade CNC machine