Dry mechanical separators. Ventilation dust collecting devices UVP for woodworking Dust collecting devices for woodworking

Dust collecting equipment is widely used in all sectors of the national economy, including the food industry, for cleaning dust from ventilation and technological emissions into the atmosphere. It is characterized by a wide variety of principles of operation and design features. Depending on the method of separating dust from the air stream, a distinction is made between dry and wet dust collection equipment. Dry dust collection equipment is divided into four groups: gravity, inertial, filtration and electrical. Wet dust collection equipment is classified into three groups: inertial, filtration and electrical. Each of these groups includes different types of equipment.

The main characteristics of dust collecting equipment include the following: the degree of air purification from dust (cleaning efficiency), productivity, hydraulic resistance, power consumption, cleaning cost, etc.

Cleaning efficiency is characterized by the ratio of the mass of dust captured in the apparatus to the mass of dust entering the apparatus, and is expressed as a percentage or in fractions of a unit.

However, the calculation of the cleaning efficiency (η) is carried out not by the mass of dust, but by the concentration of dust in the air before and after cleaning (C in and C out, mg / m 3), respectively:

With multi-stage cleaning, used for a more complete dedusting of air, the total efficiency is determined by the formula:

where η 1 , η 2 …η n - cleaning efficiency of each of the devices (in fractions of a unit).

Cleaning efficiency is the most important feature of a dust separator. They are guided by it when choosing dust collection equipment in accordance with the permissible residual dust content in the purified air.

The performance of the equipment is characterized by the amount of air that is cleaned in one hour. The hydraulic resistance is also important, since the required fan pressure and, consequently, the power consumption, which, with one-stage cleaning, is in the range from 0.035 to 1 kWh per 1000 m 3 of air, depends on its value.

Rice. 20 Cyclone

When choosing a dust separator, in addition to the cleaning efficiency, the dispersion of dust, physical and chemical properties, explosion hazard, hygroscopicity, tendency to coagulation, etc., as well as the value of dust, the need to preserve and use it, are also taken into account.

Of all the variety of designs of dust collectors, the greatest application at food industry enterprises is found cyclones and bag filters.

Cyclone devices are part of a group of inertial equipment, in which the deposition of dust from the air stream is carried out under the action of centrifugal force.

Cyclones are widely used for cleaning dust from ventilation and technological emissions, which is explained by the simplicity of the device, reliability in operation, and relatively low capital and operating costs.

Cyclone(fig. 20) consists of cylindrical and conical parts. Dust-laden air enters the cyclone body 1 through the branch pipe 2 tangentially to the inner surface of the body usually at a speed of at least 20 m / s and then moves in a spiral in the annular space between the body and the exhaust pipe 3. Under the action of centrifugal force arising from the rotational flow of the flow , dust particles are thrown to the walls of the cyclone and descend into the lower part of the apparatus, falling into the hopper 4. The air flow, continuing its motion, enters the exhaust pipe and leaves the cyclone.

The magnitude of the centrifugal force P c acting on a dust particle in a cyclone is described by the following equation:

where V- the speed of the dust-air flow in the cyclone, m / s;

R- distance from the cyclone axis to the particle, m;

m- particle mass, kg.

It follows from this formula that the cleaning efficiency depends on the diameter of the cyclone, increasing as it decreases. Therefore, with significant volumes of purified air, it is more expedient to use a group installation of cyclones of a smaller diameter, structurally combined into one body and having a common supply and removal of the dust-air mixture, instead of installing one large-diameter cyclone.

In cyclones, dust particles with a size of more than 10 microns are quite efficiently captured. Fine fractions are carried away by the air flow, therefore, to capture fine dust particles, two- or three-stage cleaning is used, installing bag filters or wet dust collectors after the cyclones.

In industry, a large number of different types of cyclones are used, which differ in shape, method of supplying air to the cyclone, productivity, cleaning efficiency, etc.

In the food industry, cyclones NIIOGAZ, BC, UC, OTI, SIOT, TsOL, VTSNIIOT, RISI, etc. are used.

NIIOGAZ cyclones (TsN-11 and TsN-15) are approved as unified cyclone-type dust collectors. Numbers 11 and 15 correspond to the angle at which the air supply pipe is connected to the cyclone body. Cyclones TsN-11 and TsN-15 are used in the starch and tea industries, at grain processing plants, at factories for processing sunflower seeds, etc. solid fuels, dust from dryers, etc. Depending on the required capacity, they are installed singly or assembled into groups of two, four, six or eight cyclones. Such cyclones are called battery cyclones and are designated as BC, and when installing a sluice gate - BCSH (4BC, 8BCSH, etc.) The cleaning efficiency of battery cyclones reaches 97-98% for dust with a particle size of more than 10 microns.

Cyclones UC with a body diameter of up to 850 mm are used at enterprises of the starch and fat-and-oil industry for single and battery installations. They differ from the cyclones of the TsN in the developed conical part. The cyclone UT is equipped with a spiral-flat inlet volute, which increases the cleaning efficiency, which reaches 99%.

TsOL cyclones used to clean the air mainly from grain dust. The device is characterized by an elongated cylindrical part and a significant depth of the exhaust pipe. A device for reducing air leakage is installed in the conical part of the apparatus. The speed of entry of the dust-air flow into the cyclone is at least 15-18 m / s. The productivity of cyclones is from 1000 to 18000 m 3 / h, the cleaning efficiency when capturing coarse dust, typical for elevators, is 90-95%.

Cyclones SIOT completely devoid of a cylindrical part, while the inlet pipe has a triangular cross-section. Cyclones are designed to clean ventilation emissions from dry non-sticking and non-fibrous dust. It is possible to use them for capturing lime dust at sugar and starch factories and a number of other enterprises. The efficiency of SIOT cyclone cleaning is 97-98%.

RISS cyclones are designed to trap dust from food industries with specific properties - fiber, stickiness, hygroscopicity, etc. Among these cyclones should be called cyclones with coagulator cone, adjustable cyclones RC and RCP, cyclone with internal recirculation of CVR and etc.

Cyclone with cone-coalescer allows you to solve the problem of cleaning emissions from fibrous dust. It is used in oil and fat factories to trap dust generated during the processing of sunflower and cotton seeds, to trap dust meal, etc. The cyclone differs from other cyclones with a reverse cone by the presence of an additional element - a cone-coagulator. Thus, the conical part of the cyclone consists of two cones connected by bases. In the cone-coagulator, as a result of an increase in the flow rate, fibrous dust particles coagulate, forming stable aggregates, while fine dust is captured by large particles, as a result of which the cleaning efficiency increases. From the coalescing cone, the dusty flow passes into the reverse cone. The dust released from the stream flows through the sluice gate into the hopper.

The cyclone efficiency is over 99%. 11 numbers of cyclones for productivity from 200 to 9000 m 3 / h have been developed.

Adjustable cyclone RC has a reverse cone, equipped with a spiral-screw apparatus, in which a regulating device is located. The cyclone is recommended for trapping dusts with high humidity and oily content, prone to sticking. In the cyclone of this design, dust coagulation occurs, which prevents the removal of large particles with windage. The inner surface of the cyclone is periodically cleaned of adhering dust using a guide vane.

10 numbers of RC cyclone with productivity from 250 to 4900 m 3 / h have been developed.

Internal recirculation cyclones (CVR) designed for trapping soybean dust and other types of dry non-sticking fine dust. The cyclone CVR (Fig. 21) differs from the cyclone TsN-15, on the basis of which it was developed, in that the exhaust pipe 1 has a slotted hole 2 and a helical guide tape 3. Through the slotted hole, part of the flow passing through the exhaust pipe is directed to cyclone body 4 for re-cleaning. A helical guide tape located on the inner surface of the exhaust pipe is designed to intensify the process of movement of dust particles to the slotted hole. Thanks to the internal recirculation of the air flow, the cleaning efficiency is increased, which is 98-99%. 9 numbers of cyclone CVR have been developed for productivity from 900 to 4500 m 3 / h.

Rice. 21 Cyclone CVR

For fine cleaning of ventilation emissions from dust and gaseous impurities, use filtration dust collectors.

Dust collection in filtration cleaning devices is due to the action of inertial, gravitational and electrostatic forces. By appropriate selection of filter material and air purification mode, it is possible to achieve the required degree of purification in filtration dust collectors in almost all necessary cases. Depending on the material of the filtering layer, filtration dust collectors are divided into fabric and granular.

To clean dust emissions, the most widespread at food industry enterprises are fabric filters, in which fabrics made of natural fibers - cotton and woolen are used as filtering materials; fabrics made of synthetic fibers - nitron, polypropylene, polypropylene, etc., as well as fiberglass. When dusty air passes through the fabric, dust particles are retained between the threads and the pile, while the pile must be directed towards the dusty air stream.

The following requirements are imposed on filter fabrics: high cleaning efficiency, sufficient air load (filtration rate), good dust holding capacity, regenerative capacity, mechanical strength and abrasion resistance, low hygroscopicity, etc. In addition, additional requirements may be imposed, for example, resistance to certain chemicals, high temperatures, etc.

Of the fabric filters, the most common bag filters type FV(Fig. 22), which are used to clean large volumes of air with a significant concentration of dust. They provide fine cleaning from particles with a size of 1 micron or less. Along with cyclones, bag filters are the main dust collection equipment in the food industry. They are used in bakery, sugar, starch, grain processing, oil and fat and other enterprises. The operation of bag filters is characterized by a cyclical nature - every 3.5 minutes. the regeneration of the section of the sleeves is provided for 30 seconds. Regeneration is carried out by shaking and backflushing the sleeves and is carried out section by section. As a result of this treatment, the dust deposited on the inner surface of the fabric falls into the hopper, from which it is removed by the auger.

Rice. 22 Bag filter FV:

1 - sleeves; 2 - filter housing; 3 - inlet pipe; 4 - a device for the regeneration of sleeves; 5 - branch pipe for removal of purified air

There are four standard sizes of bag filters: FV-30; FV-40; FV-60; ФВ-90, where the numbers indicate the size of the surface of the filter cloth in m 2. The filter consists of 2-6 sections, each of which has from 36 to 108 sleeves with a diameter of 120 to 300 mm and a length of 2.5 to 5 m.

A significant disadvantage of bag filters is the oiling of the fabric, the formation of a crust during the condensation of water vapor, as a result of which the hydraulic resistance sharply increases. Therefore, when cleaning heated air, it is necessary to provide for thermal insulation of the filter.

Effective air purification from grain and other types of dust is provided by RCI filters in which the sleeves are made of needle-punched fabric IPPZ-1... RCI filters are characterized by a high degree of purification: with an initial dust content of the air up to 15 g / m 3, the dust content in the air after cleaning is 2 mg / m 3. Regeneration of the fabric of the sleeves is carried out by automatic impulse blowing of the sleeves with compressed air. The optimal pulse interval is 10 s. Compressed air consumption for blowing one hose is 0.7 m 3. RCI filters can be used in explosive areas of category B.

To clean the air from fine dusts with a particle size of 5 microns or less, use wet dust collectors, in which the cleaning efficiency is enhanced by the fact that dust is absorbed by a water film or a finely sprayed liquid. Wet dust collectors can also be used to collect explosive and toxic dusts.

Wet dust collector RISS(Fig. 23), designed for fine cleaning of dusty air, can be installed in the second stage after the cyclone. Retains fine mineral dust remaining after the first stage of cleaning, for example, after a cyclone in the preparatory department of oil and fat enterprises. The dust collector consists of a cylindrical chamber 1, in the lower part of which there is a conical hopper 2 for sedimentation of sludge. Inside the chamber there are a cone-splitter 3 and a cylindrical reflector 4, which is connected to the diffuser 5. The smooth outline of the surface of the cone-splitter at its edge provides contact of the dusty stream with the water surface at a slight angle. Dust particles in the stream are wetted with water and settle to the bottom of the hopper. Dust-free air, having passed the droplet separator 6, is removed to the outside through the nozzles 7. The sludge formed during the cleaning process is discharged through the nozzle 8.

Rice. 23 Wet dust collector

The degree of air purification in the RISS dust collector is 99.9%.

Several standard sizes of the RISI wet dust collector have been developed for productivity from 600 to 10,000 m 3 / h.

High-speed dust extractor with Venturi tube used in a number of food industries, including sugar factories. The main part of the installation is the Venturi pipe, where the dust-air flow comes into contact with finely sprayed water. At the subsequent stages of cleaning, scrubbers, cyclones and other devices are used, in which dust particles previously coagulated in the first stage are retained.

The dust-air flow enters the Venturi pipe at a significant speed, which in the pipe throat is usually 60-120 m / s. Water supply is carried out by means of sprays located around the circumference of the confuser. Intensive turbulization is created in the throat of the Venturi pipe, which ensures good mixing of the dust-air flow with finely sprayed water, wetting of dust particles and their coagulation. The air stream containing dust particles coagulated in the venturi enters the second stage, where dust is collected. Water consumption is from 10 to 80 liters per 100 m 3 of cleaned air and depends on the type of dust, its concentration, as well as on the design of the cyclone. The collection efficiency of dust particles up to 5 microns in size can reach 99.6%.

Cyclone-washing system SIOT(Fig. 24) can be used in sugar factories to capture sugar and lime dust, as well as as a second stage in a Venturi pipe installation. Dust-laden air enters through the inlet pipe into the lower part of the apparatus at a speed of 5-20 m / s. Water is supplied to the inlet pipe, distributed using a perforated pipe and, under the action of centrifugal force, is thrown onto the walls of the apparatus, forming a water film. Along with the action of centrifugal force, air flushing with water is of great importance for cleaning the dust-air mixture. A good contact of the cleaned air with water is created due to the turbulence and spray of water in the lower part of the apparatus.

Rice. 24 Cyclone-washer SIOT:

1 - case; 2 - branch pipe for air outlet; 3 - perforated water supply pipe; 4 - branch pipe for air inlet; 5 - inspection hatches; 6 - branch pipe for sludge removal

Cyclone with water film CVP It is used to clean the air from all types of non-cementing dust, including limestone dust in sugar factories, as well as dust containing fibrous inclusions. In addition, the CVP cyclones can be used as dust collectors in installations with a Venturi tube. The cyclone CVP consists of a cylindrical body with a conical bottom and an air outlet pipe, in which there is an air-conducting volute. Dust-laden air is supplied through the inlet pipe located at the bottom of the cyclone at a speed of at least 20 m / s. The surface of the cyclone walls is sprayed with water using nozzles evenly spaced in the upper part of the apparatus. The nozzles are also located in the inlet and are designed to wash away dust deposits. It is recommended to maintain the water pressure in front of the nozzles at the level of 2.0 - 2.5 kPa. The specific water consumption is 0.1 - 0.3 l / m 3, depending on the cyclone throughput and the outlet air velocity.

The degree of air purification in the cyclone of the CVP is 90%, the fractional efficiency of collecting dust particles with a size of 5-10 microns is 95%.

The area of application of wet dust collectors is limited by their disadvantages, which include the following: formation of sludge in the process of cleaning, which requires special devices for its processing; removal of moisture into the atmosphere and the formation of deposits in the exhaust ducts when the air mixture is cooled to the dew point; the need to create circulating systems for supplying water to the dust collector.

On the website Stankoff.RU you can buy dust collecting devices and installations of the world's leading manufacturers. More than 50 models of dust collectors are available and on order at the best prices. Only great deals with detailed descriptions and photos.

Industrial dust collectors from Stankoff.RU

Air purification in industrial premises from gases, abrasive dust, metal and wood shavings is necessary not only for compliance with sanitary requirements. The presence of air impurities has a negative impact on the health of employees, leads to a decrease in efficiency and the appearance of occupational diseases. The funds spent on the dust collection unit are compensated for by a healthy workshop or workshop atmosphere, good performance and equipment safety, which often fails due to clogging of mechanisms with fine particles.

Equipping with dust collecting devices presented in our catalog is a prerequisite for industrial production associated with the use of wood processing equipment. The technical processes leading to the accumulation and dispersal of dust include operations related to:

sawing and profiling wood, plastic and other materials;
crushing dusty products and loading bulk raw materials;
the work of sandblasting machines and the implementation of powder painting.

A special vacuum cleaner for shavings is installed when filtering air near one machine or is located in an accessible proximity to a group of equipment. To collect waste, fabric accumulators are used, into which dust gets under the influence of the air flow produced by the fan. Lighter particles settle on the surface of the fabric, while coarse particles accumulate in the dust collector.

The need to buy a chip sucker exists at enterprises whose activities are related to the processing of expensive materials. Simultaneously with air purification, the equipment allows the collection of waste that is returned to the production process. In this case, the dust collection system ensures an economical consumption of raw materials and increases the profitability of production.

Principle of operation and main characteristics

The efficiency of the chip suction is determined by the size and composition of the dust particles. With a nominal diameter of inclusions not exceeding 5 microns, the device provides filtration with a degree of 83%, and with a particle size of 20 microns, the purification quality reaches almost 100%. In order to obtain a better result when processing air flow with finely dispersed contaminants, special electrostatic filters are used.

The principle of operation of industrial dust collectors from the catalog of our site is based on changing the direction of movement of suspended particles when they enter the working chamber of the device. Under the influence of inertia, contaminants with a larger mass pass through the dust outlet and settle in the lower part of the filtration chamber. The cleaned air flow is discharged to the outside or re-processed using other equipment.

If high-quality cleaning of a large volume of air mass is required, the operation of several dust collectors is used. The equipment installed in parallel effectively copes with filtration, removing not only accumulations of suspended particles, but also gases with high temperatures and the presence of aggressive substances in the composition.

Industrial dust collectors of standard design are available in varieties that allow you to select the unit with the optimal parameters for removing dust particles with a large or small fraction. In addition to universal models, there are specialized types of equipment that make it possible to clean abrasive dust during the operation of grinding and sharpening machines.

Design features and classification of species

Depending on the technological device, the dust collection systems that we offer in our store remove contaminants from the air stream using different methods:

Dry method It is used for air purification when using simple or vortex cyclones, electrostatic precipitators, dust-collecting chambers, catchers with a rotary or louvered design.
Wet method cleaning is used in specific industrial conditions characterized by high humidity, high temperature, explosion hazard and the presence of a risk of fire.

Wet cleaning technology makes it possible to remove contaminants in a vapor or gaseous state. The work of the structure is based on the use of a water filter and an irrigation system. The mass of moistened suspended particles increases and, under the influence of gravity, the contaminants fall into the lower part of the receiving hopper. The advantages of a wet dust removal system are high efficiency when working with finely dispersed contaminants, but the devices are more expensive to operate, susceptible to clogging and poorly resist corrosion when filtering corrosive gases.

The Cyclone dust collector is one of the most common types of devices that use a dry method for air purification. Suspended particles are removed using centrifugal force or gravity. When contaminated air enters the inlet branch pipe of the unit, the flow begins to rotate under the inertial influence. Small inclusions settle on the inner walls and fall into the receiving device of the dust collector. The cleaned air is discharged into the surrounding area through the exhaust pipe.

The choice of a dust collection unit among the 50 models presented on our website is based on the amount of waste that is generated in the room over a unit of time and the aerodynamic characteristics of the production equipment. The dust collection method entirely depends on the physical and chemical characteristics of contaminants, in the analysis of which the most rational cleaning system is selected. It is necessary to take into account the specifics of working operations and select a device with certain technical characteristics for installation on milling or grinding areas. With an optimal combination of suction speed and inlet diameter, efficient operation of the dust collector will be ensured.

In the process of manufacturing various furniture products, a significant amount of fine dust and particles of the original blanks is produced. Such dust not only worsens the working conditions of production personnel, but also contributes to possible failures of moving equipment parts. That is why in the mass processes of woodworking, the presence of dust collecting installations is provided.

Principle of operation and device

The systems under consideration perform the function of collecting and removing dust and small industrial waste, which contains unsafe components such as resins, alkaloids, toxic organic and inorganic particles. When inhaled as dust, they can cause a wide range of allergic reactions, skin problems and respiratory problems. Often used in woodworking, plywood, MDF and chipboard are especially problematic due to the adhesive resins required to make them. The sequence of operation of modern dust-collecting ventilation units consists of the following stages:

Capturing dust at its source.
Extraction of small wood particles with suction fans.
Filtration by fractions.
Removal in special dust collectors.
- Air volume (in m3 / min) to be moved / removed;
- The maximum possible concentration of dust (MPC) in the room;
- The complexity of the duct system.

To remove finely dispersed wood dust in the branches for adequate dust extraction into the main air duct, a capacity of at least 110 ... 130 m3 / min is usually required. Depending on how many pieces of production equipment are connected to the system and how long the ducting is, one or more ventilation units may be required.

In accordance with the hygiene standards established by Rospotrebnadzor (GN 2.1.6.1125-2002), the MPC for dust in woodworking areas is 0.5 mg / m3, while the MPC for harmful components should not exceed 30% of the specified norm. Proper installation and grounding of the collection system (and especially ductwork) is important to prevent static build-up and to develop negative pressure levels from ventilation air.

Brief description of the components of the dust collection system

The choice of the type, number and performance of the filters is decisive. Modern filter filtration units contain washable pre-filters. They capture dust particles as small as 3 microns (smaller particles are captured by smoke filters).

There is a disposable bag inside the filtration unit, the dimensions of which depend on the performance of the unit. In woodworking industries, it is recommended to install combined filters that allow you to clean the air, both in the area of the machine's operation and in the general room.

Some of the dust extraction ventilation units are supplied with local work lighting, making them a good choice for installation directly at the process equipment. Preference is given to equipment that comes with a remote control.

The main requirement for a ventilation unit is the ability to trap toxic aerosols, fog, gases, vapors, smoke and dust while effectively filtering the air entering the air ducts.

The MDM-TECHNO company offers services of design, delivery, installation supervision and field supervision over the operation of dust collecting plants. Upon conclusion of the contract, qualified specialists of the company will carry out a technical justification of the project, select the appropriate equipment, install and connect it with high quality. Customers are provided with a quality certificate. Post-warranty service of equipment is possible.

If you do not take special measures to remove mechanical waste and dusty air from the working area of the woodworking machine, the surrounding space soon after starting work becomes unsuitable for a person not equipped with personal protective equipment and extremely fire hazardous. Dust collecting (aspiration) installations are aimed at cleaning the atmosphere of the production area, making the work of personnel comfortable and safe.

APPLICATION AREA

Autonomous dust-collecting (aspiration) devices are used in production facilities, which are impossible or impractical to equip with a centralized air purification and waste removal system. Such installations are mainly used in areas for the processing of wood and similar materials of small enterprises in the furniture, construction and other industries.

CONSTRUCTION FEATURES

Structurally, the scheme of cleaning a mixture of air with shavings and sawdust, removed from the machining zone by an exhaust fan creating a vacuum, is its filtration by passing it through a layer of fabric from which the receiving container is made. The solid component of the mixture separated by the filter is deposited in the lower part of the device, which acts as a waste accumulator.

A high degree of air purification, reaching 99.9%, frees workers from the need to use personal protective devices (respirators, etc.) and reduce the level of fire hazard to the standard level.

The design of most modern woodworking machines provides for the possibility of connecting them to a workshop aspiration system or to a dust collection unit.

Dust collecting devices are equipped with both one and several filtering units, consisting of fabric bags located one above the other: filter and storage. Depending on the volume of waste generated by the equipment, you can select an installation of the appropriate capacity. As a rule, several emission sources can be connected to one unit.

Many models of dust collection units can be used in vacuum mode when cleaning a production area.

MAIN ADVANTAGES

Dust collecting installations have become an indispensable element in the organization of woodworking production. Without such devices, it is impossible to fulfill the requirements for working conditions established by sanitary standards and to ensure compliance with fire safety standards.

Aspiration is a process in rooms with high dust content. Such areas are equipped with special filtration equipment. In particular, are used. The premises of various enterprises are equipped with such equipment: from factories for the industrial production of bricks to grain processing plants. Consider further what are dust collecting installations (UVP).

Classification signs

Dust collecting (UVP) is equipment designed for air filtration. The separation of impurities is carried out in special filters.

Depending on the mechanism of action, these elements are divided into:

Gravitational.
Wet.
Electrical.
Oil.
Inertial.
Porous.
Combined.
Acoustic.
Cloth, etc.

Main types of equipment

Depending on the degree of filtration, the installations can be:

Rough cleaning. The efficiency of particle retention in such equipment is 40-70%. Such units include large-sized cyclones, sedimentary chambers.
Medium cleaning. They provide 70-90% particle retention. This category includes louvers, rotary units, cyclones, etc.
Fine cleaning. In them, the particle retention rate can reach 90-99.9%. This group includes hose, electric, roll, cell, foam units, etc.

Depending on the areas of application, the devices are divided into 2 categories. The first includes units used to filter ventilation and industrial emissions into the atmosphere, the second includes devices designed to clean flow streams, as well as air masses returned to the workshop during recirculation. Enterprises can use different dust collection plants at the same time. The price of the equipment ranges from 36 to 400 thousand rubles.

Technical and economic indicators

According to them, it is determined how effective it is at a particular enterprise. Key technical and economic indicators include:

Dust holding capacity.
Hydraulic resistance.
Performance.
Dust collection efficiency (fractional and total).
Filtration cost.
Service costs.

Comparative characteristics

The simplest is considered, the mechanism of action of which is based on the force of gravity. As a rule, coarse filtration is carried out in it. Particle collection efficiency is no more than 50%. In this case, elements larger than 50 microns are absorbed. Cyclone is more efficient. In it, filtration is based on the use of centrifugal force. In the process of rotation, particles of substances are thrown to the walls of the unit, and then crumble into a special bunker. The cleaned air, rotating, leaves the installation through the pipe. The filtration efficiency of cyclones is 80-90% today.

Currently, such units have a very different design. If it is necessary to clean a large volume of air flow, several devices are combined into groups or battery cyclones are used. They are presented in the form of a large number of small units installed in one housing and located on one bunker. The most popular today, however, are wet dust collectors. Due to contact with a liquid medium, the particles are wetted and enlarged, and then removed from the apparatus in the form of sludge. Such units can have a very different design. For example, it can be rotocyclones, disintegrators, and so on.

Foam units also belong to the class of wet installations. They supply water to a perforated grid. Filtered air also passes through it. A threshold is provided on the grate (drain baffle). It allows you to maintain a certain thickness of the foam layer. This is characterized by high efficiency - up to 99%. The unit is capable of filtering particles larger than 15 microns. The industry produces devices PGP-LTI and PGS-LTI with a capacity of 3-50 thousand m3 / h.

Schemes

Foam includes:

Receiving box.
Frame.
Lattice.
Threshold.
Drain box.

Has the following construction:

Inlet branch pipe.
Sleeve.
Suspension.
Shaking mechanism.
Outlet branch pipe.
Bunker.

The electrostatic precipitator consists of:

Inlet pipe.
Corona electrode.
Filter housings (collecting electrode).
Outlet pipe.
Bunkers.
Rectifier.

Mechanism of action

Sleeve mouth dust extraction unit filters the air through the fabric. It is sewn together in a special way and placed in a sealed body of the device. The air being purified is sucked out of the filter by the fan and discharged into the atmosphere. The sleeves are periodically cleaned using a backflush shaking mechanism. Filters can be of pressure type and suction type. For their manufacture, a dense synthetic or natural fabric is used. The efficiency of the sleeves is 95-99%. In practice, the most common filters are the FTNS, FRM, FVK.

Electric devices are widely used in the treatment of industrial and ventilation emissions. The mechanism of their work is based on the following: when the gas passes between two differently charged plates, ionization of the air occurs. Ions and dust particles collide, the latter receive electrical charges. Under their influence, they begin to move to the electrodes of the opposite sign and settle there. The filtration efficiency in such devices is 99.9%. Electrical installations are considered economical to operate. They can filter streams at temperatures up to 450 degrees. However, electrical installations must not be used to trap explosive particles.

Aspiration specificity

This process involves not only the elimination of dust from the air, but also its additional purification. The system functions in such a way that it prevents the accumulation of particles and the creation of "traffic jams". This ensures uninterrupted operation of personnel and equipment in the premises. Taking into account the huge volume of waste at industrial enterprises, it can be concluded that aspiration is becoming even more in demand due to the established health and safety standards for personnel working in hazardous conditions.

This method differs from other methods of cleaning indoor air in that the systems are located at a certain angle. This prevents the formation of stagnant zones and localizes areas of maximum release of contaminants. As a result, filtering is implemented. At the same time, the concentration of harmful compounds does not go beyond the permissible limits.

Chip Extractors

They are used not only at enterprises of the chemical and metallurgical industries, but also in woodworking, grinding and crushing shops. Installation of filtering equipment in such premises requires special knowledge, therefore professionals are invited to install it. The design of an aspiration system begins with an examination of the premises. Based on it, a preliminary calculation of the power and dimensions of the equipment is drawn up. There is a huge amount of fine waste in the furniture industry. They must be removed from the workspace without fail. For this, a chip suction system is used. The equipment is considered a type of aspiration apparatus.

The chip extractor can remove particles up to 5 µm in diameter. The equipment cyclone contains a special fan and filtered bags. The separate machine is connected to the chip suction unit using a flexible duct system made of reinforced or corrugated pipe. The principle of operation is quite simple. The fan draws in polluted air, which is filtered. Dust particles are collected in a bag. From there they are sent to a special filter for final cleaning. When full, the bag is removed and cleaned or replaced with a new one. The chip extractors are easy to connect and transport.

Requirements

The devices must function smoothly, reliably, with indicators corresponding to the design ones or obtained in the course of commissioning activities and agreed with the developer. Installations for gas purification should be equipped with auxiliary devices and equipment. When using such units, the responsible persons keep the documentation. It reflects the main indicators by which the mode of operation of the equipment is characterized. In particular, we are talking about deviations from the optimal scheme of work, identified malfunctions, failure of individual devices or the entire complex as a whole, etc. All units must be registered with the State Inspectorate for Gas Cleaning. Inspection of the units should be carried out at least once every six months to assess the technical condition. This procedure is performed by a commission appointed by the head of the enterprise.

General rules for the operation of gas cleaning and dust collecting installations

It is not allowed to use technological equipment with the filtering devices turned off. In each case the cleaning device is turned off while the machine is operating, the organization's management is obliged to notify the State Inspectorate. In this case, it is necessary to obtain a permit for the release approved by the supervisory authorities.

When operating dust-collecting installations for filtering gas with an increased content of explosive (combustible) elements, it is necessary to especially carefully maintain the specified pressure and tightness of structures, correct blowing of devices and communications to prevent ignition and explosion.