Washing machine with preheating. Preheating of feed water in the boiler room Umpeu heat exchanger range

general characteristics

As a rule, the water supplied to the boiler from the deaerator has a temperature of 105 ° C. The water inside the boiler has a higher pressure and temperature. The water entering the boiler consists of return condensate and make-up water to replenish losses. Heat recovery is possible by preheating the feed water, which reduces fuel costs.

Preheating can be done in four ways:

• using waste heat (for example, from a process): feed water can be heated by the existing waste heat stream, for example using a water-to-water heat exchanger;
• using an economizer: an economizer ((1) in the figure) is a heat exchanger that allows you to reduce fuel consumption by transferring the heat of flue gases to the feed water entering the boiler;
• with the use of deaerated feed water: in addition to the above methods, it is possible to preheat the condensate entering the deaerator ((2) in the figure), due to the heat of the deaerated water. The feed water coming from the condensate collection tank ((3) in the figure) is at a lower temperature than the deaerated water. With the help of a heat exchanger, it is possible to organize the transfer of part of the heat from the deaerated feed water to the condensate entering the deaerator. As a result, the temperature of the deaerated feed water entering the economizer ((1) in the figure) is lower. This contributes to a more efficient use of the heat of the flue gases and a decrease in their temperature, since heat transfer occurs at a larger temperature difference. At the same time, this makes it possible to reduce the steam consumption for deaeration, since the temperature of the condensate entering the deaerator is higher;

Rice. Feed water preheating

• by installing a heat exchanger at the inlet to the deaerator in order to preheat the incoming feed water due to the condensation of steam used for deaeration.

These measures can contribute to an overall increase in energy efficiency (efficiency), i.e., to reduce fuel consumption for obtaining a certain amount of steam.

Environmental benefits

The amount of energy savings that can be achieved by these measures depends on the temperature of the flue gases (or the technological process, the heat of which is used for heating), the choice of heat exchange surfaces and, to a large extent, on the steam pressure.

It is widely believed that using an economizer can increase steam production efficiency by 4%. To ensure continuous operation of the economizer, the water supply should be regulated.

Impact on various components of the environment

Possible disadvantages of these four methods include the fact that their implementation requires additional space for installing equipment, and the possibilities for their use are reduced as the complexity of technological processes increases.

Manufacturing information

According to the manufacturers, economizers with a nominal power of 0.5 MW are widely used. Finned tube economizers can be rated up to 2 MW or more. In the case of a rated power of more than 2 MW, about 80% of the supplied water-tube boilers are equipped with economizers, since their use pays off even in one-shift operation (with a system load of 60 - 70%).

Typically, the flue gas temperature is about 70 ºC higher than the saturated steam temperature. For typical industrial steam boilers, the flue gas temperature is 180 ° C. The lower limit of the temperature of these gases is determined by the corresponding acid dew point, which depends on the fuel used and, in particular, on its sulfur content. This value is approximately 160 ° C for heavy fuel oil, 130 ° C for light fuel oil, 100 ° C for natural gas and 110 ºC for solid waste. In boilers using thermal oil as a heat carrier, more intense corrosion occurs, and the economizer design must provide for the possibility of replacing the corresponding parts. Corrosion of economizer parts increases if the flue gas temperature drops significantly below the acid dew point, which can occur in the case of a significant sulfur content in the fuel.

If the temperature of the gases in the chimney falls below the acid dew point, in the absence of special measures, this will lead to the formation of soot deposits in the chimney. As a result, economizers are often equipped with a bypass gas duct that allows some of the flue gases to bypass the economizer in the event of an unacceptable decrease in the temperature of the gases in the pipe.

Typically, every 20-40 ºC decrease in flue gas temperature corresponds to an increase in system efficiency by about 1%. This means that, depending on the gas temperature and the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger, it is possible to achieve an increase in efficiency by up to 6-7%. Typically, the temperature of the feed water passing through the economizer increases from 103 to about 140 ° C.

Applicability

In some existing plants, the organization of pre-heating of feed water is fraught with significant difficulties. Condensate preheating systems using the heat of deaerated water are rarely used in practice.

In plants with high capacity steam generating systems, heating feed water using an economizer is standard practice. However, even in this situation, it is possible to achieve an increase in efficiency by up to 1% by increasing the temperature difference. The use of waste heat from other manufacturing processes is also a realistic option for most plants. The potential for the effective application of this method also exists in enterprises with a relatively low capacity of steam generating systems.

Economic aspects

The potential for energy savings as a result of pre-heating feed water using an economizer depends on a number of factors, including the needs of a particular plant, the condition of the chimney and the characteristics of the flue gases. The return on investment for a particular steam system also depends on the system uptime, actual fuel prices and the geographic location of the plant.

In practice, the potential for energy savings as a result of feed water preheating reaches several percent of the total energy produced by the steam. Therefore, even for small boilers, it is possible to achieve energy savings of several gigawatt-hours per year. For example, for a 15 MW boiler, savings of about 5 GWh / a can be achieved, an economic effect of about 60 thousand euros per year and a reduction in CO 2 emissions by about 1,000 tons / year. Because the results are proportional to the size of the installation, larger plants can achieve greater impact.

In many cases, the temperature of the flue gases entering the chimney from the boiler exceeds the temperature of the produced steam by 100-150 ºC. As a rule, reducing the flue gas temperature by every 20-40 ºC will increase the boiler efficiency by 1%. By utilizing waste heat, the economizer can in many cases reduce fuel consumption by 5-10% and provide its own payback in less than two years. The energy saving potential due to the reduction of the flue gas temperature is shown in table.

Assuming natural gas as fuel, 15% excess air and a final flue gas temperature of 120 ° C

Based on the "Reference Document on the Best Available Technologies for Energy Efficiency"

To add a description of the energy-saving technology to the Catalog, fill out the questionnaire and send it to marked "to the Catalog".

A pool in a suburban area or in a house is an attribute of a luxurious comfortable life, which many strive for. And if for "walruses" and just people who like to temper, the temperature in the pool does not really matter, then for everyone else it is required to provide a comfortable temperature. For adults, the recommended water temperature is +23 ° С, and for children +25 - +28 ° С. In hot summer weather, the water in the pool itself warms up to such a temperature, but in the rest of the cooler months it is necessary to provide heating of the pool water using special devices. In total, there are several ways to heat water, which we will discuss below.

Keeping warm - special film for swimming pools

Water is a good heat accumulator in itself. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to ensure that the heat accumulated by the water during the day is not wasted. For this, the outdoor pool must be buried at least ¾ of its height into the ground. A heat-saving coating is spread on top of the water.

As a heat-saving coating, a film with bubbles of a light shade or black is used to accumulate solar radiation. The film is cut to the required size and placed on the surface of the water without additional fastening. This coating reduces the evaporation of water from the surface and reduces heat exchange with air.

The cheapest way to heat water is to use energy from the sun. This is especially true in regions where clear sunny days prevail.

For the solar collector to work efficiently, it must be positioned so that it receives the sun's rays for 4 - 5 hours during the day. This will allow maintaining the water temperature in the pool at the level of +25 - +30 ° С or increasing the water temperature by 6 - 10 ° С.

The solar solar pool water heating system consists of several elements: a solar collector, a pump for pumping water, a filter and a control valve.

Filter is necessary so that debris does not get into the solar collector. Pump is necessary to raise water to the solar system and move it along it. Sometimes it is required to install a more powerful pump on the filtration system. Control valve required to control the operation of the collector. How it works?

There are sensors on the surface of the solar collector that monitor the level of illumination and heat input. When the sensors determine that a sufficient amount of heat is being supplied to the manifold, they instruct the control valve to direct the flow of water from the pool to the manifold. In this case, the filtration system must be configured so that it works intensively during the period of the most active lighting. Then the filtered water will enter the solar collector, where it is heated and returned to the pool from the other side.

When the set pool water temperature is reached, the water is redirected and moves past the collector, immediately entering the pool after being filtered.

Inside the collector of the solar system, a heat carrier circulates, from which the water from the pool is heated. When the collector cools down at night, the flow of water through it stops. The control valve shuts off the supply to the solar system.

When installing solar collectors, there are certain rules:

• Usually solar collectors are located on the roof of the house, but they can also be installed on the ground, on a support that provides a certain angle of inclination.
• It is advisable to position the collector panels strictly to the south. They may be displaced by no more than 45 ° relative to the south.
• The slope of the placement of solar panels depends on the region of installation, so this information should be obtained from the instructions or from the consultant of the manufacturer's company.
• Collectors can be installed on roofs facing east and west. In this case, special collectors with an increased area are used.

There are several types of solar collectors, you can see them in the diagram below.

Collectors with vacuum glass tubes are somewhat more expensive than selective panels. And pool equipment stores usually offer rectangular selective panels.

For example, water heating in a frame pool is carried out with the help of panels "Sanhiter", "Azuro" and others. They are installed next to the pool on a special support that ensures the correct slope.

It is better to entrust the calculation of the solar heating system to professionals, since it takes into account many parameters: the intensity of solar irradiation, the attendance of the pool, its size, place of installation, the required temperature in the pool.

Average solar collector surface area must be:

• For an indoor pool or pool in the house - 50 - 70% of the water surface.
• For an outdoor pool - 70 - 100% of the water surface.

Solar pool heating systems are very simple to maintain. It is only required to regularly clean the filters and drain the water for the winter. Moreover, many modern models drain the water themselves for the winter. In winter, it is not possible to use the solar system to heat the water in the pool, since there is a lot of snow in our region. During snowless periods, vacuum collectors can also work in winter, since the antifreeze flowing in them can withstand temperatures from -30 ° C to + 70 ° C.

The most popular are rectangular models of solar collectors, but there are also pyramidal models and even awnings over the pool. Solar collectors in the form of a canopy above the pool perform two functions at once: they heat the water and reduce the evaporation of water and heat transfer between water and air. Also, in addition to heating with the help of a collector, the water is heated by direct solar radiation, which is accumulated by the black surface of the system.

The second most economical way of heating water in the pool can be considered the use of a heat pump. Its work does not depend on the intensity of solar radiation, on the length of daylight hours, which allows better control of water heating.

The heat pump is based on the Carnot cycle. In fact, it works like a refrigerator, just the opposite. A heat pump takes heat from the environment and uses it to heat the pool water. The heat source can be soil, water or air. It is not profitable to use heat pumps with ground and water collectors only for heating the pool. The equipment itself and the installation of the collector are too expensive.

Only in the case when the heating of the house and other life support systems are organized using a heat pump with a ground or water collector, then it can be used to heat the water in the pool.

In other cases, air heat pumps are used for swimming pools. Outwardly, they resemble the outdoor unit of an air conditioner. The fan sucks in ambient air, which transfers its heat to the coolant (antifreeze), which then passes through the compressor and evaporator. In the evaporator, the heated antifreeze gives off its heat to the water from the pool, which flows there through the pipes. Then the cooled coolant heats up again and the cycle repeats.

Important! The air source heat pump can operate even at an ambient temperature of +5 ° C. It is usually installed in the immediate vicinity of an outdoor pool. If you need to heat the indoor pool water in the house, then the heat pump is installed outside the house.

Also note that if the heat pump is used for indoor air conditioning, it can easily be used to heat water as well. The heat taken from the room is channeled to heat the pool, and not just thrown out into the street.

A heat pump for heating a pool is much more economical than a conventional electric heater. It consumes only 1 - 1.24 kW, and produces heat by 5.5 - 6 kW, thereby saving up to 80% of electricity. This system is an excellent alternative to traditional energy sources, as it is absolutely environmentally friendly, does not harm the environment and allows you to save money.

Remember to keep the pool warm with bubble wrap. After all, much more energy and time is spent on the initial heating of the water in the pool, and very little on maintaining the set temperature.

The heat exchanger is used quite often to heat the pool water. The principle of its operation is as follows: it is connected to a heat source, for example, a heating boiler, or it is built into a central heating system. The heat carrier, being heated in the boiler, is directed to the heat exchanger, where it gives off heat to the water from the pool, which is pumped through it.

The water heating system in the pool works as follows: a circulation pump is connected to pump water through the heat exchanger. When the pool water temperature drops below the required temperature, the thermostat gives a signal and the pump turns on. The water is pumped along the coil in the heat exchanger and heats up. It drains back into the pool from the other side.

Likewise, when the set temperature is reached, the pump is turned off. Pool water stops passing through the heat exchanger.

For a large pool, several heat exchangers are used at once to speed up the heating of the water. The sizes and power of heat exchangers vary from 13 kW to 120 kW. They are also horizontal and vertical, titanium and stainless steel. So you can choose a unit for pools of various sizes and sizes.

The only drawback of this method of heating water in the pool is the dependence on the heating boiler. Although, if you correctly design the heating and hot water heating system, then such a heat exchanger can be used in the summer, when the heating is not working. The boiler will turn on only to heat the heating medium that circulates between the boiler and the pool heat exchanger.

Flow-through electric heaters are equipped with a heating element inside, the water in them is heated not with the help of a coolant, but directly from the heating element. This imposes certain restrictions on the quality of the water. It must be soft enough, free from salt impurities, so that the heating element lasts longer and does not get covered with limescale. The heating element is also made of corrosion-resistant alloys and covered with several protective layers.

Given that the electricity consumption for this heating method is quite high, usually electric heaters are used only for heating small pools. For example, an inflatable pool, a frame pool, small Jacuzzi pools.

An electric heated inflatable pool is a luxury available even to a family on a modest budget.

The electric pool heater is connected directly to the network. Its power varies from 3 to 18 kW. Sometimes the household electrical network is not able to provide the operation of such a device. And this is a significant drawback.

Finally, I would like to dwell on such a method of heating water as the use of fuel boilers. For example, the boiler can be gas, pyrolysis, wood-fired, fuel oil and other fuel. Heating water in it can be implemented in several ways:

• With the help of a heat exchanger, when the boiler heats up the coolant, and already the coolant heats the water in the pool.
• Direct-flow heating of water directly in the boiler.
• Heating water in a tank and then discharging it into the pool.

Typically, such pool water heating systems are used in areas where there is no main gas, as well as other convenient ways to heat the pool. The installation of any boilers is associated with a number of difficulties: permits, designs, calculations, chimneys and fire safety. All this needs to be addressed even before the start of the construction of the pool, and sometimes at home.

When choosing a water heating system in a pool, it is necessary to take into account its size, the volume of water, to what temperature it should be heated, whether the automation of the process is required and much more. The budget is also an important aspect. Therefore, it will be more correct if specialists will be engaged in the selection and installation of heating equipment.

The invention relates to washing machines that heat water. The claimed invention is aimed at solving the problem of reducing energy consumption during washing, increasing the safety of people around and extending the service life of the sewage system. The task posed arises in the development and creation of economical and safe washing machines. The washing machine consists of tanks 1 i, i = 1.3, solenoid valves 2 i, i = 1.6, pumps 3 i, i = 1.2. 1 ill.

Drawings to the RF patent 2544141

The invention relates to washing machines that heat water.

Known various washing machines that carry out washing due to rotation of the drum and the interaction of laundry with detergent [S.L. Koryakin-Chernyak. "Washing machines from A to Z" - M .: "Solon-Press" ,. 2005 - 296 p.], [A.I. Lebedev. Anatomy of washing machines. - M .: "Solon-Press" ,. 2008 - 120 p.], Consisting of a tank, solenoid valves, pump, control device and heater. The wash consists of a first wash (pre-wash) and a second (main) wash.

The disadvantages of such devices are:

Descent of the heated water used in the washing process into the sewer with a high temperature, which leads to premature failure of sewer pipes and especially seals;

Possibility of burns for people in the bathroom at the time of the heated water drain, if the drain hose is attached to the bathroom.

It is also known a device for preheating water heated for a shower using fresh and domestic water, which has a heat exchanger, which is connected to the supporting surface of the shower tray. The heat exchanger contains a closed channel for the passage of liquid communicated with the shower water. A waste water outlet passes through the heat exchanger. To position the heat exchanger over the base of the shower tray, the heat exchanger channel is adapted to be located on the upper side of the base of the shower tray. The drain passing through the heat exchanger is also made in the form of a channel located above the base of the shower tray (DE patent 3319638, cl. E03C 1/044, 1983).

In addition, it is also known a shower device with a heat exchanger and a direct-flow heater, which contains a heat exchanger between the water flowing out of the shower tray and fresh water supplied to an electric direct-flow heater and additionally heated therein. The device has a temperature sensor that sets the actual temperature of the fresh water preheated in the heat exchanger. The required electrical power of the direct-flow heater is set in accordance with the temperature difference between the actual temperature and the set temperature of the shower water determined by the setpoint, as well as in accordance with the fresh water flow rate (DE patent 3919543, E03C 1/044, 1990).

The closest in technical execution to the proposed device is a device using a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the engine and provides the necessary water for any of the cycles of the washing program. The water must be taken in an earlier cycle and heated with the heat generated by the engine. The heat exchanger is connected to the tank at one end to transfer heated water to the tank in a corresponding cycle. The heat generated by the motor that drives the drum is used to heat the water inside the heat exchanger [Patent No. 2401346, Russia, 2007. Washing machine / OZYURT Bekir (TR), KANDEMIR Nihat (TR), DORA Murat (TR)] The disadvantage of this device is the small amount of thermal energy released by a modern electric motor, and, accordingly, the impossibility of heating the required amount of water (having a sufficiently large heat capacity) to the desired temperature.

The claimed invention is aimed at solving the problem of reducing energy consumption during washing, increasing the safety of people around and extending the service life of the sewage system.

The task posed arises in the development and creation of economical and safe washing machines.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that a second and third tank, six solenoid valves are introduced into a device containing a first tank, a first pump, a second pump, a second and third tanks are located below the first tank, between the second and third tanks there is a heat-conducting medium, a water supply pipe through the first solenoid valve it is connected to the first tank, and through the fourth solenoid valve it is connected to the second tank, the first tank through the second solenoid valve is connected to the first pump, and through the third solenoid valve it is connected to the third tank, the second tank through the fifth solenoid valve is connected to the second pump and the second pump is connected to the first tank, the third tank is connected to the first pump through the sixth solenoid valve.

The functional diagram of the device is shown in the drawing. The washing machine consists of tanks 1 i, i = 1.3, solenoid valves 2 i, i = 1.6, pumps 3 i, i = 1.2.

The second and third tanks 1 2 and 1 3 are located below the first tank 1 1 to allow water to drain from the first tank 1 i into the third tank 1 3. The first tank 1 1 contains a heating element for heating water. There is a heat transfer medium between the second tank 1 2 and the third tank 1 3.

The water supply pipe through the first solenoid valve 2 1 is connected to the first tank 1 1, and through the fourth solenoid valve 2 4 it is connected to the second tank 1 2.

The first tank 1 1 through the second solenoid valve 2 2 is connected to the first pump 3 1, and through the third solenoid valve 2 3 is connected to the third tank 1 3.

The second tank 1 2 through the fifth solenoid valve 2 5 is connected to the second pump 3 2, and the second pump 3 2 is connected to the first tank 1 1.

The third tank 1 3 through the sixth solenoid valve 2 6 is connected to the first pump 3 1.

The device works in the following way in accordance with the stages of washing the laundry.

1. Tap water flows through the first solenoid valve 2 1 into the first tub 1 1 for the first wash.

2. Tap water through the fourth solenoid valve 2 4 enters the second tank 1 2 for preheating.

3. In the process of washing, the water in the first tank 1 1 is heated to the required temperature, washing is carried out and at the end of it, water is drained from the first tank 1 1 through the third solenoid valve 2 3 into the third tank 1 3. Between the second tank 1 2 and the third tank 1 3 heat exchange is carried out, leading to an increase in the temperature in the second tank 1 2 and to a decrease in the temperature in the third tank 1 3.

4. The tap water flows through the first solenoid valve 2 1 into the first rinse tub 1 1.

5. At the end of the rinsing cycle, water is drained from the first tank 1 1 into the sewer through the second solenoid valve 2 2 and the first pump 3 1.

6. During rinsing and spinning, the water in the second tank 1 2 has warmed up (preheating), and in the third tank 1 3 it has cooled down. The water heated in the second tank 1 2 through the fifth solenoid valve 2 5 is pumped by the second pump 3 2 into the first tank 1 1 and, if necessary, is additionally heated. Then a second wash is carried out.

7. Water is drained from the third tank 1 3 through the sixth solenoid valve 2 6 and the first pump 3 1 into the sewer. The temperature of the water drained from the third tank 1 3 is already lower than it was when it came from the first tank 1 1 immediately after the end of the first wash.

8. At the end of the wash, water is drained from the first tank 1 1, rinsed and spun.

Thus, in the second tank 1 2, the water for the second wash is preheated and the water in the third tank 1 3 used in the first wash is simultaneously cooled, which leads to a decrease in energy consumption during the washing process, an extension of the life of the sewage system and an increase in safety when using the washing machine. ...

The simplicity of water preheating based on the heat exchange of two tanks makes water preheating promising for use in washing machines.

CLAIM

A preheated washing machine comprising a first tank, a first pump, characterized in that the second and third tanks, six solenoid valves are introduced into it, the second pump, the second and third tanks are located below the first tank, there is a heat-conducting medium between the second and third tanks, the water supply pipe through the first solenoid valve is connected to the first tank, and through the fourth solenoid valve is connected to the second tank, the first tank through the second solenoid valve is connected to the first pump, and through the third solenoid valve is connected to the third tank, the second tank through the fifth solenoid valve is connected to the second pump, and the second pump is connected to the first tank, the third tank through the sixth solenoid valve is connected to the first pump.

A steam-water heater is used to heat water in heating systems saturated with steam from low-pressure steam pipelines or steam boilers for heating networks, hot water supply systems. A steam-water heater (PP) is produced in accordance with GOST "Heaters for steam-water heat supply systems" 28679-90.

PP heaters are mainly used in heat supply systems that operate in certain temperature modes: 95-70, 150-70, 130-70. These heaters serve for heating water in the network with steam, when using heated water in hot water supply systems and heating buildings for various purposes. The steam-water heater is a horizontal shell-and-tube heat exchanger, most often called the PP heater. Its main components are: piping system, heater casing, front and floating rear water chambers, casing cover. The main assemblies of the PP of the heater are assembled using a flange detachable connection, which allows for routine inspection and maintenance of the steam-water heater.

The heating steam of the PP heater moves through a special branch pipe in the upper part of the body into the annular space, heating the water that moves through the heater tubes. In the annular space, there are partitions that divide it into segments that direct the movement of the steam flow. Condensate, which gives the heating steam in the PP heater, flows into the lower part of the device body and is discharged outside. Non-condensable gases, i.e. the air that accumulates in the steam-water heater is discharged outside through a special branch pipe on the body. There are two types of steam-water heaters: PP1 with elliptical bottoms and PP2 with flat bottoms.

Overall and connecting dimensions of steam-water heaters

Two-pass steam-water heater

dimensions

Designation	A	A 1	A 5	A 6	h	h1	h2	h3
									Flange 1	Flange 2
PP2-6-2-2	2000	2600	1100	460	340	293	293	288	1-100-10	1-50-10
PP2-11-2-2	2000	2650	1100	580	370	413	348	348	1-150-10	1-50-10
PP2-16-2-2	2000	2720	1100	640	417	440	375	385	1-150-10	1-50-10
PP1-21-2-2	2000	2785	1100	710	440	477	420	440	1-200-10	1-80-10
PP1-35-2-2	2000	2885	1100	840	516	516	500	490	1-250-10	1-80-10
PP2-9-7-2	3000	3600	2000	460	340	293	293	288	1-100-10	1-50-10
PP2-17-7-2	3000	3650	2000	580	370	413	348	348	1-150-10	1-50-10
PP2-24-7-2	3000	3720	2000	640	417	440	375	385	1-150-10	1-50-10
PP1-32-7-2	3000	3785	2000	710	440	477	420	440	1-200-10	1-80-10
PP1-53-7-2	3000	3885	2000	840	516	526	500	490	1-250-10	1-80-10

Connecting dimensions

Designation	A 2	A 3	A 4	A 7	D	D 1	D 2	Dy	d	d1	n	n1
PP2-6-2-2	555	1300	460	250	180	180	125	100	18	18	8	8
PP2-11-2-2	562	1300	470	292	210	240	125	125	18	23	8	8
PP2-16-2-2	605	1300	510	330	240	240	125	150	23	23	8	8
PP1-21-2-2	607	1300	510	355	240	295	160	160	23	23	8	8
PP1-35-2-2	655	1300	440	295	350	160	200	23	23	23	12	12
PP2-9-7-2	555	2300	545	250	180	180	125	100	18	18	8	8
PP2-17-7-2	565	2300	545	292	210	240	125	125	18	23	8	8
PP2-24-7-2	605	2300	590	330	240	240	125	150	23	23	8	8
PP1-32-7-2	607	2300	590	355	240	295	160	150	23	23	8	8
PP1-53-7-2	607	2300	590	355	240	295	160	150	23	23	8	8

Four-way steam-water heater

dimensions

Designation	A	A 1	A 5	A 6	h	h	h 2	h 3	Flanges designation according to GOST 12820-80
									Flange 1	Flange 2
PP2-6-2-2	3000	3600	2000	460	340	293	293	288	1-100-10	1-50-10
PP2-17-7-4	3000	3650	2000	580	385	413	348	348	1-150-10	1-50-10
PP2-24-7-4	3000	3720	2000	640	405	440	375	385	1-150-10	1-50-10
PP1-32-7-4	3000	3785	2000	710	415	477	420	440	1-200-10	1-80-10
PP1-53-7-4	3000	3885	2000	840	480	526	500	490	1-250-10	1-80-10

Connecting dimensions

Designation	A 2	A 3	A 4	A 7	D	D 1	D 2	D y	d	d 1	n	n 1
PP2-6-2-2	555	2300	545	250	180	180	125		18	18	8	8
PP2-17-7-4	564	2300	545	300	180	240	125	100	18	23	8	8
PP2-24-7-4	605	2300	590	325	180	240	125		18	23	8	8
PP1-32-7-4	607	2300	590	345	210	295	160	125	18	23	8	8
PP1-53-7-4	655	2300	640	405	240	350	160	150	23	23	8	12

How to heat the water in the pool - this question arises from many owners who have created an artificial reservoir on their site. During the device, this question is usually overlooked, and it arises only after the first attempts to operate. For comfortable bathing, the water temperature should be at least 22 ° C, for young children even higher - 28-30 ° C. Sunlight warms up the water rather slowly, especially in spring, and in some regions in early summer. Water, warmed up during the day, at night gives its temperature to the environment. The calories spent on heating fly into the atmosphere. Therefore, along with the pool heating device, it is advisable to take care of the thermal insulation of the structure..

Various water heating methods

When installing a water heating system, the amount of heat required will depend on the volume of the pool. Heat in our time is not free. Any attempt to heat the water in the pool in the country will require certain material costs for fuel or electricity.

All known and used methods can be divided into two groups:

• temporary devices;
• stationary structures.

Temporary devices include various designs and methods made from available materials for one-time or intermittent pool heating. At the end of the bathing season, they are usually dismantled.

An example would be pool heating using a conventional metal wheelbarrow. Firewood is loaded into it, kindled, the wheelbarrow is lowered into the pool. If the depth of the pool is greater than the height of the wheelbarrow, you can give it the necessary buoyancy using floats from plastic bottles. In this way, a small pool can be heated.

Stationary structures include:

• Heat pump;
• water heat exchangers;
• solar panels;
• storage or instantaneous electric heaters.

Such devices are installed in the water circulation system and are used for their intended purpose throughout the entire period of operation.

It is rather difficult to make a heat pump with your own hands. An industrial product is very expensive. High-quality installation and commissioning work can only be performed by specialists. For these reasons, the heat pump is used quite rarely, mainly for recreation areas of VIP-class cottages.

Installation of heat exchangers

The heat exchanger is a sealed container with a system of thin-walled copper or stainless steel tubes. Hot water from the heating system circulates inside the pipes, cold water from the pool circulation system outside. The pool water is heated by heat transfer. Some models of heat exchangers are equipped with an automation system that regulates the heating temperature. The system consists of an additional pump, control valve and thermostat. The thermostat at the set temperature opens and closes the valve. During operation, the owner needs to set the temperature control knob to the desired value.

The power of various models of heat exchangers ranges from 10 to 200 kW. You need to choose a model with the required power by the volume of water for the pool.

When starting up the system, it is advisable not to use the maximum parameters. Heating should take place gradually over a period of time. A sharp temperature drop can affect both the performance of the heat exchanger and the pool. Especially if the interior surface is tiled. After the required temperature has been established in the pool, the heat exchanger will switch to the mode of maintaining the required parameters, the heat consumption will sharply decrease. It is optimal to connect the device in the water circulation system between the pump and the water purification system so that reagents and filter material do not get into the tanks.

The main problem when installing heat exchangers is the frequency of operation of the heating system. With the beginning of the swimming season, the heating season usually ends. This drawback can be eliminated by arranging a separate heating water circulation system. In the cold season, the heat exchanger must be disconnected from the heating system, and in the warm season, the heating must be turned off and the heat exchanger started. For a more rational use of heat during the construction of the pool, it is advisable to arrange bottom heating according to the "warm floor" type.

You can also use a combined design with heating elements built into the heat exchanger. All systems can be used for the initial heating of the pool; electric heaters can be used to maintain the temperature. In the absence of heat exchangers with combined heating, a separate electric water heater for the pool can be installed upstream or downstream of the heat exchanger.

On sale there are devices of various designs, with horizontal or vertical installation, titanium, stainless steel housing. The installation of all devices of this type for heating the pool with your own hands can be done without any problems.

Solar panels for the pool

Swimming pool water heating in areas with a lot of sunny days can be done with solar collectors. These systems have been known for a long time, but they have received practical application in recent years due to the widespread rise in the price of energy resources. It is especially important to use such systems for summer cottages with limited opportunities for electricity consumption and a low-power heating system. (fig. 1)

The solar collector functions quite simply. The device is a system of pipes, connecting manifolds and screens. The entire structure is painted matt black. Under the sun's rays, the metal heats up and transfers heat to the water circulating through the tubes. Operating experience has shown that water can be heated up to 140 ° C. Such a heater can provide not only heating for the pool, but also hot water supply in the house. Industrial products are equipped with an automation system for optimum performance. When heated to a certain temperature, a circulation pump is turned on, pumping water into the storage tank. When the storage tank is installed above the solar collector, the system can operate independently, due to the different densities of hot and cold water. To arrange a pool heated by a solar collector, you need to create an additional water circulation system from a storage tank.

The performance of industrial modules allows heating systems with water up to 30 m 3. This volume is quite enough to provide heating in the pool with your own hands of a small size and to provide the dacha with hot water supply. With a larger pool, you need to increase the number of blocks.

Different automation systems allow water to be redirected through different pipelines. This arrangement optimizes the hot water supply and pool heating.

The disadvantage of using solar collectors is reduced performance on cloudy and rainy days.

Flowing electric heaters

The easiest way to heat the pool water seems to be the use of instantaneous electric water heaters. (Fig. 2) Everything seems to be quite easy - install the heater in the circulation system, start the pump, plug it in, press the button if available. Moreover, the heaters are designed to operate with a continuous flow of water, are small in size, and have convenient connecting fittings. The body is made of materials of high strength and reliability, the heating elements have a stainless steel shell. Heaters of the "Intex" brand can be cited as an example.

Despite all of the above, flow heaters have obvious advantages:

• higher heating rate;
• Temperature regulator;
• water pressure control (protection function);
• ease of installation.

Therefore, before installing an instantaneous heater, it is advisable to carefully weigh all the factors and think about an alternative method of heating the pool.

In addition to the methods described, there are various possibilities to arrange heating in the pool yourself.

When creating your own device and method, you need to remember about the safety of work, your own safety and your loved ones.

Even the use of manufactured devices in abnormal situations can lead to electric shock and accidents of varying severity.