How to drill a 500 mm hole in metal. How to quickly drill through thick metal. Drilling tools for metal

Drilling large holes is no problem with the right tool. For example, such work may be necessary to secure the channel or metal corner... The easiest way is to use an electric drill, but it takes a lot of effort to get a hole with a diameter of, for example, 15 mm. To drill a hole in metal large diameter, special devices and core drilling technology are used.

Features of creation

When drilling, it must be borne in mind that a castellated or stepped taper nozzle must be selected so that it has a smaller diameter than the hole to be created.

When using different tools, it is also necessary to take into account their peculiarities. For example, when reaming with tapered products, smooth edges are obtained.

Drill attachments

There are several attachments for drills that make the process easier and make big hole even:

Drilling jig. Such a device is a body in which there are several drill guide sleeves. different diameters... The material used to create the bushings is harder than drills, so you don't have to worry about the tool deflecting to the side while drilling and expanding the hole.
Drill guide. Such a product allows you to fix the tool in such a way that during drilling it does not deviate to the side. In the absence of such a product, the tool may move to the side, which will lead to the creation of an uneven edge. It can also be fixed at an angle. But when drilling metal products, this is usually not required.
Drill stand. A similar DIY product can be an inexpensive replacement drilling machine, as it allows you to more comfortably carry out the work. The fixed tool, when using the stand, moves along the bar with a lever. At the same time, displacement is completely excluded, since the workpiece to be drilled is reliably held due to the presence of a clamp.

Using these products, you can significantly facilitate the process of drilling metal products.

Deep hole feature

To drill a deep hole in metal, it is best to use lathe... During this process be sure to cool. In this case, the chips must be forcibly removed. Periodically, the tool is removed from the workpiece to remove chips.

When working without specialized devices, do not recessed the nozzle more than 2/3 of its length. For cooling during operation, you must use water. If the work is done in several approaches, the angle cannot be changed.

Feature of large diameter holes

This procedure is more complex than deep drilling. Cutting work is carried out either using a crown or using a cone drill. Metal crowns are similar to concrete and drywall products. The only difference is in the material used to create the cutting edge.

Also, drilling can be performed with standard products in several stages. For this, a small diameter nozzle is used first. The larger tool is then selected.

The most convenient way is to use cone drills... Such devices allow you to drill a large hole in one go. To do this, the tool is simply sunk into the material.

Hassle-free drilling

During work, you can use a small section nozzle, as well as a used grinding wheel for a grinder. It is important to remember that it must have a smaller diameter than the hole being created.

Before carrying out work on the workpiece, a circle is marked for the hole, and the second circle will be less than the first by a distance equal to the diameter of the drill used. After that, 2 holes are marked in opposite places of the circle. It is necessary to step back 3 mm from them and mark the places for drilling. Thus, drilling occurs along the entire drawn circle. If necessary, some parts will have to be processed with a chisel. This will create jagged edges that will need to be sharpened. It is important to ensure that during the work there is no increase in the circumference, that is, do not expand the planned diameter.

Cone drill

The described types of drills are made from tool steel. The shanks of such products can be hexagonal and cylindrical. The cutting edge removes all burrs, so the edge is smooth. At the end of the drill head there is a sharpened point that allows pre-drilling of the material.

Using such products you can:

create cuts with a diameter of up to 30 mm;
forget about uneven edges;
boring of various diameters without changing the nozzle.

With the step drills, it is possible to create cuts of various diameters in sheet steel up to 4 mm thick. Unlike a simple cone drill, when using such products, the drilled diameter is fixed.

The disadvantages include:

the need to use a tool with low speed and high torque;
sensitivity even to slight distortions.

In spite of indicated disadvantages, this nozzle allows you to conveniently work with metal plates quickly drilling the desired diameter circles.

Metal crown

Metal processing is a complex process, therefore such work is usually performed using specialized equipment. To perform work in a domestic environment, you can use core drills.

Such products allow you to make the edges round and centered. In this case, a standard drill is used for drilling. Products consist of several parts:

crown;
centering nozzle;
product shank;
screws that are needed for fastening.

When using a core drill, the work speed is increased up to 10 times. Also, the advantages include the ability to accurately drill in the range from 1.2 to 15 cm.

At the same time, there is no need to center during drilling. It is also worth noting that such drills have a higher wear resistance compared to spiral drills.

Before starting work, the installation is carried out center drill to the center of the circle, after which drilling is carried out. After that, the drill is retracted and the work is carried out with a crown.

Hole press

One of the most common methods is punching with a special press. It goes like this:

First, the workpiece is placed on the press table and gripped by several clamps.
Then the metal is moved under the punching tool. At this stage, additional fastening of the material takes place with the help of a clamping ring.
At the last stage, the punch is punched.

The revolver can have several nozzles of different diameters, which allows you to quickly create holes of different diameters. Such equipment is usually not used for working with metal in a domestic environment.

If you plan to do the work at home, you should choose universal tool... This will allow you to easily handle metal without worrying about purchasing additional details... The presented video will acquaint you with the process technology in detail.

Such a dilemma can arise in the manufacture of a homemade stove panel (a hole for a chimney), a wood or coal stove, and in many other cases, when, for example, a round steel pipe... In fact, not everything is as complicated as it might seem at first glance, and there are many ways how you can drill a large diameter hole in metal without seeking help from highly qualified specialists. Yes, definitely conventional drill whatever high power she did not possess, is not able to complete the task, because maximum size the holes that can be made with it will not exceed one and a half centimeters in diameter. In addition, it is categorically not recommended to do it right away, and you should start with a smaller diameter, from time to time dipping a diamond drill into a container with machine oil.

Ideally, of course, use special nozzle on a drill called a core drill. It is a kind of bushing with sharp, like a blade, edge notches, mounted to the tip of the drill (not to be confused with the tip of the drill) using a special washer. With its help, it is possible literally in a matter of seconds to make large holes in a thick sheet metal... However, this method is not suitable for everyone, for the simple reason that standard nozzles have a strictly defined diameter and in the case of making a hole of any other size, the most irreversible consequences can occur. Among other things, such a very important nuance should be noted that high-quality core drills of European production cost a lot of money and therefore not all craftsmen and just amateurs can afford them.

At the same time, more affordable Chinese products do not differ. high quality and often turn out to be disposable at best, and at worst - break down even before coping with the task. But do not give up this idea, because help to drill a through hole even in a thick sheet metal 7-10 millimeters thick, such a versatile device as a sander can. In this case, you should use diamond disc, the thickness of which will be at least 2.5 millimeters, but first a stencil of the required circle is applied to the sheet, using a regular pencil for this purpose. Work grinder(hereinafter referred to as MSh) follows the drawn contour, which is obviously made thicker. In this case, it is necessary to try to act closer to the inner edge, for the reason that it will then be easier to correct defects later.

Cutting a circle with an MSH should be gradually, working in small areas and gradually moving forward along an arc. In this case, it should be understood that in this way the contour of the future through hole will have to be bypassed more than once or twice, especially if it comes about a thick sheet of metal. After the work with the MS is completed, the inner part of the circle should be carefully removed, for which it is carefully knocked out with the help of a small hammer, alternately acting on one side or the other. If necessary, the inner contours of the circle should be carefully sanded using available tools such as a file and emery with high abrasiveness for this purpose. Among other things, you should immediately remember that only craftsmen with a firm hand and a good eye will be able to drill holes by means of an MSH.

And finally, it is advisable to recall such a rather primitive method of creating large-diameter holes in metal and steel blanks, such as step-by-step drilling of its circumference. To do this, use a diamond or victorious drill of any diameter (the smaller, the longer the working process, but, at the same time, the more effective the result), with the help of which small holes are made step by step along the contour. The distance between them should not exceed five millimeters, so that in the end it was easy enough to cut out the unnecessary inner part with a hacksaw for metal.

Drilling metal with a drill is somewhat more difficult than wood, brick or concrete. There are also some peculiarities.

For convenience, we have combined practical advice on this type of work into step-by-step instructions.

You will need such tools: a drill, a drill, coolant (machine oil is better, but water is also possible), a center punch, a hammer, and safety goggles.
When drilling metal on a horizontal surface, we put under the product wooden block and fix it as best as possible. When working in an upright position, rigid fixation is extremely important, since drilling must be strictly perpendicular.
We make the markings, after that, with the help of a center punch and a hammer, we outline the center of the future hole.
Pour coolant into a small container.
We put on safety glasses.
We start drilling. Do not put too much pressure on the drill, because it is better to work at low speeds. If the drill is powerful, then the method of short-term switching is suitable, until the tool has time to gain maximum speed.
Do not forget to cool the drill as often as possible .
When drilling is not strictly perpendicular, but at an angle, then there is a high probability that the drill will jam. If this happens, then put the switch in the reverse position. This will prevent injury and prevent the drill from breaking.
If you did everything correctly, then even in domestic conditions, using a low-power drill, you can drill a hole in metal up to 5 mm thick, inclusive and up to 10-12 mm in diameter. We will describe more complex tasks below.

Drilling work in metal

Can a concrete drill be used to drill metal?

It is possible, but this is in case of emergency for not deep holes with a small diameter. Unprofitable.

It is better to use either standard metal drills with steel grade P6M5 or improved - P6M5K5.

The letter K in the marking indicates that this is an alloy with the addition of cobalt. On the market you can find a drill, which is called "Cobalt". We will not vouch for all manufacturers, just note that reviews on practical application in the overwhelming majority of cases - positive.

How to drill with a step drill for metal?

Step drills are universal - with just one you can make holes of different diameters (from 2 to 40 mm). They are most effective when working with thin metal, when you need to get a neat edge. They are better fixed in the cartridge, they are easier to sharpen, and therefore, with proper use, they last longer, but they are also more expensive than usual. In working with them, the principles are the same, but it is easier to drill large diameter holes than conventional twist drills.

Is it possible to drill metal with a victorious drill?

The principle of work of drills for metal is to cut, and crush materials with victorious soldering. For this, brick, concrete, stone are better suited. Therefore, as mentioned above, of course, you can drill metal, but it will quickly become unusable and the victorious soldering will collapse.

Turnovers

The larger is the hole diameter? the less the revolutions should be. How more depth? the pressure on the drill should be gradually reduced. With a drill diameter of up to 5 mm, the torque should not be higher than 1200-1500 rpm. Accordingly, 10 mm in diameter - no more than 700 rpm, 15 mm - 400 rpm.

How to drill holes in large diameter metal?

As a rule, most drills for household use power from 500 to 800 W, which allows you to drill holes with a diameter of up to 10-12 mm. In metal up to 2 mm thick, using step drills can make holes up to 40 mm. With a thickness of 3 mm, bimetallic crowns are better suited.

Bimetal crown

When drilling deep holes with any tool, a magnet may sometimes be needed to extract the chips.

Metal drilling process

Particular attention must be paid to safety precautions, be sure to protect your eyes from chips, and if skewing and jamming occurs, immediately turn off the drill and change the torque to reverse motion.

When there is no electricity or when the noise of the instrument may disturb others ( read: ?)– ideal solution when drilling metal, there will be a manual mechanical drill, the so-called brace. Low speed and pressure, no overheating, just what you need. Of course, there are also disadvantages - time costs and fatigue. In such a simple "old-fashioned" way, you can drill holes with a diameter of up to 10 mm.

We hope you find our tips helpful.

More information in this video.

Today everyone has home master there is necessary tool for metal cutting, drilling, stripping. But what if you need to drill a large hole? After all, the maximum section conventional drill for manual electric drill is only 20 mm.

Tools for drilling large holes

There are several ways to drill a hole over 20 mm in diameter. For this, special devices are used:

Conical drill. A large number of it is not possible to drill openings of the same size. But for home use quite acceptable. Maximum cross-section- up to 40 mm. The thickness of the processed metal is 5-6 mm.
Conical step drill. It is more convenient to use, since each of its steps is formed through a smooth spiral transition. When drilling, this makes it easy to track the actual hole diameter. It can be used to drill a circle up to 40 mm in diameter on metal up to 6 mm thick.
Bimetallic bits - suitable for preparing holes up to 109 mm in steel products up to 5 mm thick. When working, it is strongly recommended to use specialized cooling lubricants, which will ensure maximum service life. cutting tool... An adapter is also required to install the attachment on an electric drill. On average, using a bimetallic crown, you can drill 5-20 openings - depending on its quality, which, accordingly, is reflected in the cost.

How can you drill a large hole at no extra cost?

For this method, you will need a small-section drill (5-6 mm is enough), as well as a cutter or a spent grinding wheel (corresponding to or slightly smaller than the hole diameter) for the grinder. The option is more time consuming, therefore it takes much more time.

On a metal blank, 2 circles are marked with a pencil:

1 - for the future hole.
2 - depends on the section of the drill, that is, when using a 6 mm tool, the diameter of the outlined circle will be 6 mm less than the previous one.

Along the 2nd circle, it is necessary to puncture 2 places in opposite places and drill the holes with a 6 mm drill. From the resulting openings along the marked line, you need to retreat about 3 mm and again screw the holes for drilling. Holes are drilled along the entire circumference. If necessary, the remaining areas can be finished off with a chisel.

The hole will be jagged, so it needs to be bored out. This can be done with an electric drill with a milling cutter, but it is much more convenient - with a grinder using grinding abrasive wheels suitable diameter... The grinder can quickly and evenly bore the hole to the required diameter.

Therefore, you should not throw away used abrasive wheels for a grinder with a diameter of even less than 45 mm - they can always be useful on the farm.

Metal processing is carried out not only in an industrial environment. While doing renovation works by car, manufacturing of structures on personal plot or carrying out repairs to the home, it is necessary to drill holes in the metal. At home, a hand drill is most often used.

This versatile tool requires specific skills to work with solid products. You can purchase or make your own machine for drilling holes in metal, but this is not a cheap pleasure.

The technology of drilling holes in metal consists in removing a thin layer of material due to the simultaneous translational and rotational movement.

The main condition for high-quality and safe (for the tool) processing is to keep the chuck axis in a fixed position. With the help of the machine, it is easy to maintain straightness, which cannot be said when working with hand tools.

If you are unsure of the firmness of your hands (this is normal for an ordinary person), for drilling at right angles requires mechanical assistants(conductors).

Let's make a reservation right away that additional conductors are required only when the metal thickness exceeds the drill diameter.

If you're making a hole in a thin steel plate, straightness doesn't matter.

There are several types of electric hand drill guides. Tools with mechanical drive poorly suited for working with metal, especially when it comes to accuracy.

Drilling jig. It is made in the form of a body, convenient for holding, inside which there are guide bushings for drills of various diameters.

The material of the bushings is harder than the tool, so the holes do not wear out. By positioning the jig exactly over the center of the intended hole, you do not have to worry about the drill going away from the intended direction.

This device is especially useful when drilling perpendicular holes in small diameter pipes, when the tip tends to slide off the cylindrical surface.

Drill guide (manual). Supporting device in which the instrument is fixed by the neck

The sole is placed on the workpiece, holding the handle with the other hand. The drill moves strictly vertically, avoiding distortions and drifts of the drill.

The design can have an angle holder for small diameter pipes, which makes the fixture more versatile.

In the presence of swivel mechanism, you also get an attachment for drilling holes at an angle.

True, the metal cannot be drilled in this way, the lateral loads will quickly break the drill.

Drill stand (semi-stationary). In fact, it is an inexpensive alternative to a drilling machine.