Growing Chinese cabbage in the open field: useful tips

Chinese or Beijing cabbage, despite its origin, can be cultivated in Russia, but for this you need to know the features and rules of cultivation. In the article we will deal with all the subtleties of this process.

In the world selection there is a huge number of varieties Chinese cabbage. The harvest of such vegetables can be obtained in any climate zone, but subject to certain rules.

For instance, early varieties feel better in greenhouses. In the southern regions of our country, it is necessary to shade the plants, which will create a shortened daylight hours.

Victoria

An early ripe variety, distinguished by excellent taste, pleasant aroma. The fruits are used for preparing salads and other dishes, suitable for heat treatment. Cylindrical vegetables, elongated with dense loose leaves of light green color. The growing season for the Victoria variety is within 2 months.

Orange Mandarin

Early maturing variety, can be grown throughout the warm period. Under favorable weather conditions, the fruits of the culture ripen after 40 days from the moment the seedlings are planted in open ground. Heads of cabbage are small, their mass does not exceed 1 kilogram. The variety tolerates stressful situations, suitable for cultivation in Siberia.

Martha

Shade-tolerant early ripe variety, has a growing season of 40-42 days. This cabbage has rather large and wide leaves, tasty pulp. The maximum weight of a head of cabbage is 1.5 kilograms. Sowing seeds for seedlings is carried out in the second decade of April, seeds are sown in open ground from mid-May.

Pomegranate

Mid-season variety, has large fruits weighing up to 2.5 kilograms. Heads are elongated in shape, have tightly fitting leaves. dark green color. Pomegranate shows resistance to many diseases, especially necrosis. The first crop of cabbage is obtained in 70-75 days from the moment of sowing the seeds.

Express

The variety is suitable for cultivation in greenhouses and open field. This unpretentious plant resistant to sudden changes in temperature. Heads of bright green color weighing up to 2 kilograms. Beijing Express can be used for growing in Siberia.

stonefly

Ultra-early variety, ripens in 35 days from the moment of sowing seeds in the greenhouse. Heads are small, juicy, suitable for salads.

Wineglass

A medium-late variety with a vegetation of 70 days is quite capricious in care, so it is better to grow such a vegetable in the southern part of our country. Heads are dense, weighing up to 2 kilograms.

How to grow seedlings of Beijing cabbage

The cultivation of the crop in question can occur using seedlings or by direct sowing of seeds in open ground. Chinese cabbage is considered a cold-resistant plant, its grains can form sprouts at an air temperature of +4-5 degrees, but intensive development is possible in the range of +15 ... +22 degrees. When warming, the culture throws out inflorescences. A similar phenomenon often occurs in conditions of extended daylight hours.

Due to the need for shortened daylight hours, it is recommended to grow the culture from seedlings. in early spring or late autumn. Sometimes it is advisable to create a special light mode. In this case, the first harvest of fruits is obtained within a month from the moment the plants are planted in open ground.

When to plant Beijing cabbage for seedlings

Planting of Chinese cabbage seed material should be carried out approximately one month before the proposed planting of seedlings on permanent place. For getting early harvest sowing for seedlings is carried out in the last decade of March or in early April. When growing seedlings to obtain a crop for winter consumption, sowing of grains is carried out at the end of June.

Preparing seeds for planting

Purchased Chinese cabbage seeds do not need special preparation, they can be planted immediately in the ground without prior soaking. In case of using your own seed materials grains need preliminary germination, which will determine their germination.

To do this, they are placed on wet gauze, folded in several layers. Next, the container with the seeds is placed in a warm place and wait for the sprouts to appear. Their germination begins 3-5 days after sowing.

If this does not happen or seedlings are rare, you need to take other seeds.

Preparing the soil for sowing

In practice, there are several options soil mixtures for sowing seedlings of Beijing cabbage:

sod land and peat in equal proportions with the addition of 10 grams of wood ash and complex mineral fertilizer (for every 10 kilograms of the mixture).

2 parts humus and 1 part coco.

Sowing seeds for seedlings

The culture in question does not survive the transplant well, so the sowing of seeds must be carried out not in a common box, but in peat pots (2-3 grains per container). The seed material is buried in the nutrient substrate to a depth of 1.5 cm. After that, the seedlings are placed in a warm, but dark place until shoots appear.

seedling care

After the appearance of the first shoots, the seedlings are moved to a well-lit window sill. At this stage of development, the temperature in the room must be maintained at + 7 ... + 8 degrees. For this, a loggia or a glazed balcony is best suited.

Further care for seedlings consists in periodic watering with warm settled water. Moisturizing the soil should be carried out as the top layer dries nutrient substrate. After carrying out these procedures, it is necessary to carefully loosen the soil, which will prevent moisture stagnation.

When the seedlings have two or three true leaves in a pot, one of the healthiest plants is left, the rest are pinched.

Dive

We have already said earlier that Chinese cabbage seedlings do not tolerate transplanting well, so the seeds are sown immediately in separate containers. This allows you to bypass the dive process.

How to transplant seedlings of Chinese cabbage in open ground

Seedlings of Chinese cabbage are moved to open ground along with peat pots. In the future, these containers will dissolve and give additional nutrients for plant development.

10 days before the expected planting date, the plants are hardened for outdoors gradually increasing the time. Seedlings can be planted in a permanent place after they have spent a day on the street.

Planting scheme

There are several schemes for planting Chinese cabbage in the open field:

1. If the plant is used as a salad crop, a distance of 25 centimeters is left between individual seedlings in both directions.
2. To form a head of cabbage, it is necessary to follow the scheme of 35 * 35 or 50 * 50 centimeters.

This requirement is valid for sowing vegetables with seeds immediately in open ground.

When using seedlings, follow the pattern of 30 * 50 centimeters.

To get a good harvest of fruits and prevent bolting, planting a vegetable should be carried out in early spring or autumn.

Sowing seed into the ground

For growing Beijing cabbage without seedling way you need to choose the right area. The ideal predecessors of the culture in question are:

• garlic;
• carrot;
• cucumbers.

It is not advisable to sow seeds in the soil where close relatives of cabbage (mustard or radish, radish) developed before.

Sowing of seeds is carried out in previously dug up soil. Planting holes are made in the garden according to a pre-selected scheme of 35 * 35 or 50 * 50 centimeters. 10-15 grams of wood ash and 0.5 kilograms of organic matter (compost or humus) are added to each recess.

After a week from the moment of sowing, shoots should appear. At this point, the most developed sprout should be left in the hole, the rest are pinched.

Chinese cabbage planting dates

The term of sowing seeds in open ground depends on the air temperature. The ideal conditions for the development of this cabbage is the temperature regime of + 16 ... + 22 degrees. Exceeding or decreasing the recommended indicators leads to the formation of peduncles.

For the seedless method of cultivation, two favorable terms for sowing seeds are used from April 25 to May 5, from June 25 to July 15.

Cabbage care in the garden

Growing Chinese cabbage requires the gardener to follow certain rules. Recently planted seedlings must be covered with agrofiber or any other non-woven material. This allows:

1. protect crops from possible frosts or sudden changes in temperature;
2. shade plants from the scorching rays of the sun;
3. protects root system cabbage from rotting during prolonged rains;
4. allows you to hide seedlings from pests, cruciferous flea.

Two weeks after planting the seedlings in the garden, the plot is covered with mulch from broken straw and peat. There is no need to hill the crop, a thick layer of organic matter will retain soil moisture and will prevent the growth of weeds.

Further measures for caring for cabbage are periodic watering and fertilizing, identifying and protecting vegetables from diseases and pests.

Watering and fertilizing

Chinese cabbage needs regular abundant watering. Moisturizing the soil is recommended to be carried out at intervals of once a week using warm water. The liquid must be poured under the root of the plant.

Contact with water on the leaves causes sunburn.

For better development Plants should be watered in the morning or in the evening after sunset. In the latter case, it is recommended to use warm, infused water throughout the day.

The first top dressing is applied to the soil two weeks after planting the seedlings. For this purpose, you can use the following solutions:

• 10% mullein infusion (1 kilogram per 10 liters of water);
• 5% infusion of bird droppings (500 grams of organic matter per 10 liters of liquid);
• infusion on herbs or nettles.

When fertilizing cabbage with fertilizers, 1 liter of solution is used for each bush. For spring culture, three such top dressings are needed. Plants planted in summer are fed twice during the growing season.

Foliar top dressing also helps to improve the yield of Chinese cabbage. To prepare such a substance in a liter of boiled hot water diluted 2 grams boric acid, then adjust the volume cold water up to 10 liters. The processing of cultures is carried out in the evening on the leaves.

Harvest and storage of Chinese cabbage

To improve the safety and prevent the development of rot, it is recommended to cut the heads in dry weather. Harvested fruits are stored in a cool and dry place with temperature regime 0…+2 degrees. Vegetables are laid out on racks or packed in boxes.

Conduct a periodic inspection of heads of cabbage for the presence of shrunken leaves and putrefactive areas.

Diseases and pests of lettuce

Beijing cabbage, like other cruciferous plants, can be affected by various diseases and pests during the growing season.

First, let's get acquainted with the main diseases of this vegetable:

1. The black leg affects emerging sprouts of cabbage seedlings. The main symptom of the onset of the disease is the blackening and narrowing of the stem of the crop, which makes it difficult for nutrients to reach the leaves and the death of plants. To prevent the development of a black leg, it is necessary to disinfect the soil and seed material, follow the rules for caring for seedlings. The development of this disease is facilitated by low temperatures and high humidity air, as well as thickened plantings of young plants.
2. The bacterial disease of keel causes the appearance of thickenings on the root system of cabbage. As a result of such exposure, the cells are deformed and poorly pass nutrients. The affected plant turns yellow and begins to dry out. The development of the disease is promoted by high soil moisture and low-quality seeds, as well as acidic soil. To prevent the development of the disease, before planting seedlings, the earth is calcined in the oven, and then spilled with a solution of potassium permanganate. Add to acidic soil wood ash or lime.
3. fungal disease gray mold infects the aerial part of the crop during fruit ripening or during storage. Symptoms of the disease are the appearance of brown spots on cabbage leaves. After some time, a grayish coating forms on the affected areas. Spraying plantations with fungicides, for example, Amistar, will help to defeat the disease.

Beijing cabbage is considered a fairly demanding plant to care for. To get such vegetables, you need to have basic knowledge of their cultivation. Put our advice into practice, and you will get a good harvest of Chinese cabbage.

Those who have tried at least once chinese cabbage , for sure in the future they will prefer it to all others. She is the most tender representative of the cabbage species, and tastes very much like a salad. Delicate, juicy leaves are quite suitable for various salad dishes, or sandwiches, decorated with herbs. The leaves are also used in borscht, and for cabbage rolls, and for cooking spicy Korean dishes. In terms of juiciness, Beijing cabbage is a real champion: not a single salad, and not a single cabbage of other types can compare with it. Also one of its indisputable advantages, during heat treatment, it does not smell like a specific cabbage smell.

The benefits of Chinese cabbage

Beijing cabbage is no less useful than all other types of cabbage: it contains many vitamins A, C, B1, B2, B6, PP, E, P, K, U, the entire set of essential mineral salts. Vitamin C and protein it is 2 times more than in white cabbage.

One of her greatest strengths is that she preserves vitamins throughout the winter , which distinguishes it favorably from lettuce, the shelf life of which is short, and white cabbage, which also loses vitamins during storage. Therefore, in the spring, Beijing cabbage is simply irreplaceable as a supplier of vitamins and minerals, especially necessary for the body after winter.

Growing Chinese cabbage

Beijing cabbage appeared in China in the 5th century AD, and long time it was cultivated only in China, Japan, Korea and other eastern countries. But in Lately more and more often they try to grow it on their own plots, and in our country, however, not always successfully. Things went especially well with the advent of new varieties, shooting resistant under long daylight conditions. Like other cabbages, Beijing cabbage shoots and produces seeds when long. over 12 hours, light day, but ties a head of cabbage and yields a crop with a short, less than 12 hours, light day. In addition, to form a head optimum temperature 15-20 degrees. Cabbage does not like sudden changes in temperature, and often at the same time goes into the arrow.

In technology growing Chinese cabbage has its own characteristics, differences from, without knowing which, you can lose the harvest, and be disappointed in this culture.

And it’s completely in vain - after all, Beijing cabbage is one of the most early-ripening and high-yielding crops. It is very profitable to grow Beijing cabbage - after all, it is not only early ripening, and gives big harvest , at the level of 600-1000 kilograms per hundred, but it is also quite an expensive crop. The market is still far from saturated with this culture, and it always goes with a bang.

It is so productive, and has such a short growing season, that it is profitable to grow it even in winter in heated greenhouses. So it can be grown almost all year round, providing themselves with constant harvests.

Growing Beijing cabbage in greenhouses

When growing Chinese cabbage in heated greenhouses since the beginning of spring it gives the maximum yield - up to a ton per hundred square meters. In this case, at the end of May, you can already harvest. The best varieties for spring growing are F1 Spring Jade and F1 Spring Beauty.

The second crop in greenhouses can be obtained by growing from the beginning of autumn . Then the harvest can already be harvested around the end of November. The best varieties for autumn cultivation are F1 Autumn Jade and F1 Autumn Beauty, as well as F1 September.

It is very important to plant spring varieties in spring, and autumn varieties in autumn. Otherwise, the cabbage may go to the arrow. This is especially true for autumn varieties that do not like heat.

But there are also universal varieties, such as F1 Miss China, and F1 Chinese Choice. The weight of a cabbage head at the time of harvesting from the Chinese selection may exceed 4 kg, and the length may well be more than 50 cm.

• What OKVED for business
• Packaging and storage
• conclusions
• Step by step plan to start a business
• How much can you earn on Beijing cabbage of your own production
• What OKVED for business
• What documents are needed to open a farm
• Do I need permission to start a business
  • • • Similar business ideas:

Growing Chinese cabbage and its benefits

Cultivation of Chinese cabbage is a new trend in vegetable growing in Russia. The demand for Beijing cabbage is constantly growing due to its excellent taste and rich composition of vitamins.

The benefits of growing this vegetable crop on farms:

1. The yield, depending on the variety and growing conditions, reaches 900 c/ha;
2. Favorably grows at low temperatures (which is good for central Russia), it takes only 12 grams to form a head. Optimum temperature cultivation is 20 gr. The plant withstands short-term frosts down to minus 5 -7 gr.;
3. High wholesale selling price, which averages 20 rubles/kg. When selling 300 tons of cabbage, and such a volume can be obtained from 5 hectares of sown area, the proceeds will be more than 6 million rubles;
4. Short vegetation period of the plant from 50 - 70 days. In one season, you can get several crops;
5. The annual high demand for Beijing cabbage allows it to be sold without any problems;
6. The high productivity of Beijing cabbage allows you to grow it even in greenhouses!

In addition to the pros, it is worth highlighting the disadvantages of creating a Chinese cabbage growing business:

1. Poorly studied agricultural technology for growing Beijing cabbage in our territory;
2. Dependence on soil fertility (more on this below);
3. Susceptible to various diseases, like many cabbage. Peking cabbage is very fond of pests, so insecticidal treatments are very important;
4. A short period of being “in the vine” is no more than 2 weeks, and if removed later, it is possible for decay, leaf necrosis and a decrease in shelf life.

Step by step plan to start a business

1. Soil preparation.
2. Possible risks.

Which taxation system to choose

To organize a farm for growing Beijing cabbage, it is necessary to register a peasant farm or individual entrepreneur. The single agricultural tax (USHT) is used as a taxation system.

What OKVED for business

How much money do you need to invest to grow Chinese cabbage

To grow a plant on large areas of crops (from 5 ha), the following investments will be required (approximately):

1. Tractor, trailers (rent is possible), from 1 million rubles;
2. Transplanter, from 200 thousand rubles;
3. Seed material, from 5 thousand rubles;
4. Fertilizers, from 15 thousand rubles;
5. Packaging material, from 15 thousand rubles;
6. Vegetable storage, from 200 thousand rubles.

The total initial investment will be from 1,435,000 rubles. The size of investments is given rather conditionally. In each individual case, their size can vary dramatically. For example, you can buy a used tractor, which will reduce the initial cost by almost half.

The main fixed costs of maintaining a farm include:

• land lease (if not owned);
• wage;
• taxes;
• insurance premiums to the FIU;
• repair of equipment and fuels and lubricants.

You can get start-up capital for organizing a farm for growing Beijing cabbage in the following ways:

1. Obtain a preferential loan from the bank for agricultural producers;
2. Participate in state support programs for beginning farmers. Depending on the region of the Russian Federation, it is possible to receive free of charge up to 1.5 million rubles for the development of peasant farms.

How much can you earn on Beijing cabbage of your own production

What documents are needed to open a farm

If there is extensive agricultural work and large land plots are cultivated (more than 1 ha). state registration of a peasant farm is required - a peasant farm. But when you have processed small areas land, since the law allows you to have a personal subsidiary farm(in his backyard). It is also allowed to grow agricultural products for sale without any tax fees.

To register a peasant farm, you need: an application for state registration, a passport of the founding head of the company, agreements, a decision on the establishment of a peasant farm (if there are several equity holders). Then, confirmation of payment of the state duty and the actual place of residence of the founder. If the enterprise is organized by one person, an agreement on the creation of a peasant farm is not needed.

Do I need permission to start a business

Licensing or special permits for the cultivation of Chinese cabbage is not required.

Chinese cabbage cultivation technology

For the cultivation of Beijing cabbage, the composition of the soil and its fertility are very important. For this culture, neutral (medium composition) are selected. fertile soils, since cabbage dries out quickly on light soils, and on heavy acidic soils, the crop is most susceptible to diseases such as cabbage clubroot. The best predecessors- cucumbers, zucchini, onions, tomatoes and legumes. For planting plants use sunny areas protected from strong winds.

To increase soil fertility, bird droppings, humus, lime materials, and potassium sulfate are used as fertilizers. 2 weeks after planting, the plants are fed with urea.

It is important, when cultivating Beijing cabbage, to choose the right plant variety. For early implementation, the best early ripening varieties are Miraco F1, Monaco, Khibiny 5. For late implementation the best varieties- Bilko F1 (vegetation 55-60 days), cabbage heads of which reach a weight of 2 kg. The vegetable is grown both in seedlings and by direct sowing of seeds in open ground. For seedlings, you can use a special soil, for example, "Rostorfinfest". Cabbage seeds in the greenhouse begin to germinate at a temperature of 4-5 gr. The lack of light is not a problem for her and the plant can develop even without additional illumination. The period from planting seeds in a greenhouse to planting plants in open ground is 24-27 days.

On the early dates planting Beijing cabbage due to low night temperatures, shooting is possible. To exclude the shooting of plants at the stage of growing seedlings, it is advisable to maintain the temperature in the greenhouse above 15 gr.

The first planting of plants begins in late April - early May. Since Beijing cabbage short term vegetation, in order to obtain the maximum yield for the season, it is preferable to plant it in several stages, while dividing the field into several sections. For example, the first landing in the middle lane is May 1, then May 10, May 20, and so on, the last landing is at the beginning of August. The planting rate is 40 thousand pieces/ha. The distance between plants in rows is 10 cm - 12 cm, between rows a distance of 45 cm is maintained.

Planting is carried out using special equipment, for example, the MRM-2 transplanter. The cost of such a machine is just over 200 thousand rubles.

The plant is very fond of water. When watering plants, 700-800 m3 of water is used for every 10 tons of marketable crop. More efficient system watering "Beijing" is a drip method.

It is important to treat plants from pests and diseases. Liming of the soil should be carried out once every three years, adding 300-400 g of lime per 1 m2 of soil.

Packaging and storage

Harvesting begins when 10-12 leaves are formed on the plant. The leaves of the harvested cabbage wither quickly, so they should be packed immediately.

As packaging, it is advisable to use a PVC film 35-45 cm wide, while packaging is carried out manually directly in the field. Due to this, the shelf life of the vegetable is increased several times.

The maximum sale of Chinese cabbage begins in the fall, so by this time it is advisable to increase the area under crops by several times.

conclusions

Despite all the pros and cons, growing Beijing cabbage on a farm with proper agricultural technology is a very profitable direction, especially since there is practically no competition in this industry. Due to the good demand and the high selling price of the vegetable, this business can become a highly profitable business.

Step by step plan to start a business

The organization of the business process for the production and sale of Chinese cabbage involves the following steps:

1. Selection of land for vegetable crops.
2. Purchase of planting material.
3. Soil preparation.
4. Technology, stages of the process of planting and growing cabbage.
5. Equipment, transportation and storage of products, hired labor, if required.
6. Plan for the sale of finished vegetable products.
7. Possible risks.

How much can you earn on Beijing cabbage of your own production

The average market wholesale selling price is about 20-25 rubles per kilo of vegetable products. To get the maximum percentage of benefits, it is advisable to sell Chinese cabbage, both to large supermarkets and to small specialized vegetable shops. The vegetable is also well bought up by resellers and at agricultural markets. In general, in the production and sale of Beijing cabbage, a monthly net income of about 300-350 thousand rubles is quite real.

What OKVED for business

Business in the production and sale of Beijing cabbage is registered under code 01, which is responsible for crop production, animal husbandry, and so on. Its subparagraph 01.1 - corresponds to cultivation annual crops, namely - vegetables, root crops, melons and other - item 01.13.

What documents are needed to open a farm

If there is extensive agricultural work and large land plots are cultivated (more than 1 ha). state registration of a peasant farm is required - a peasant farm. But when you have small areas of land being cultivated, since the law allows you to have a personal subsidiary plot (in your backyard). It is also allowed to grow agricultural products for sale without any tax fees. To register a peasant farm, you need: an application for state registration, a passport of the founding head of the company, agreements, a decision on the establishment of a peasant farm (if there are several equity holders). Then, confirmation of payment of the state duty and the actual place of residence of the founder. If the enterprise is organized by one person, an agreement on the creation of a peasant farm is not needed.

A person who has tried Chinese cabbage at least once will surely buy it again. Its tender and juicy leaves are somewhat reminiscent of the taste of a salad. This vegetable is always in high demand. Beijing cabbage cultivation and care which does not require special knowledge can bring a good income. How to profit from it, you will learn in this article.

What is useful Chinese cabbage?

Juicy cabbages are used to make salads, borscht, cabbage rolls and other delicious and healthy meals. It is an indispensable supplier of minerals and vitamins, without which the human body cannot do. This vegetable contains much more protein than its other relatives. It is worth noting that any novice gardener who wants to have organic fresh products on his table can grow Chinese cabbage.

Top Commercial Varieties

Experienced growers believe that growing Beijing cabbage in the open field or in a greenhouse is enough profitable business which brings good income. The most important thing is to choose the right varieties of crops that are cultivated in the climatic conditions of your region.

For growing Beijing cabbage in a greenhouse, the early ripe semi-pumped Vorozheya variety is more suitable. It gives a crop of 4 kg per 1 square. meters. In addition, Rodnik, F1 Parkin and TSXA2 hybrids are available. Another early ripening variety is Khibiny. It can be used to grow Beijing cabbage from seeds in the open field and in greenhouses. This variety is characterized by high yield and resistance to high temperatures. Some farms prefer to use the leaf forms of the Magician and ChaCha.

Technology

To get a good harvest, you need to study the technology of growing Beijing cabbage and familiarize yourself with all the nuances.

In a heated greenhouse, the first heads of cabbage are cut at the end of May, and the second, in the last decade of November. If you plant spring varieties in spring or vice versa, seedlings can go to the arrows. Pay special attention to this.

Harvest in the open field will be early if you use the seedling method. Since the seedlings are too tender, they cannot be dived. Seeds are sown in separate cups of 2-3 pieces. After 2-3 leaves appear, the strongest seedling is left, and the extra plants are removed.

You can plant Beijing cabbage in open ground after the sprout throws out 5-6 leaves. The distance between seedlings should be 40-50 cm. When they begin to grow, the leaves can be thinned out and used for salads. In autumn, the crop is grown from seeds. To avoid bolting, leaf varieties should be taken for autumn cultivation. To protect crops from cruciferous flea, you should sprinkle them with ashes or plant mint, celery or thyme nearby.

Disadvantages and advantages of business

Since the demand for vegetables is constantly growing, the Chinese cabbage business, with the right approach, will bring good profits.

Growing this crop has many advantages:

• The yield, depending on the growing conditions of Beijing cabbage and its variety, can reach 900 centners per 1 ha;
• This culture is resistant to low temperatures, so it can be grown in almost all regions of our country. The plant can withstand frosts of -5–7 degrees;
• The high wholesale price of the products ensures a good profit. From crops of 5 hectares, you can get 300 tons of cabbage in the amount of 6 million rubles;
• The plant gives a harvest in 50-70 days. This allows you to grow 2-3 crops in one season.
  There are no problems with the sale of products.

Disadvantages:

• Susceptibility of culture to diseases;
• The harvest largely depends on the fertility of the soil;
• Harvesting must be carried out within 2 weeks, otherwise the cabbage will begin to rot on the vine.

Activity registration

To legalize your earnings on the sale of Chinese cabbage, you need to register an individual entrepreneur or peasant farm. As for taxation, choose the single agricultural tax. You don't need any licenses or permits.

Business plan and profitability

Since the methods of growing Beijing cabbage can be different, this important point must be taken into account when drawing up a business plan.

In addition, enter all monthly expenses into it:

• Rent of a land plot;
• workers' wages;
• taxes;
• Fuels and spare parts.

The profitability of the business, as well as with, largely depends on the yield and size of the acreage. In some cases, it reaches 50%.

Expenses

To organize a farm, you need to invest money in your business. To grow products on areas of more than 5 hectares, you will need:

• Tractor - 1 million rubles;
• Machine for planting seedlings - 200 thousand rubles;
• Seeds - 5 thousand rubles;
• Fertilizers - 15 thousand rubles;
• Packaging - 15 thousand rubles;
• Rent of a vegetable store - 200 thousand rubles.

In total, you will have to invest about 1.5 million rubles in your business. This is an approximate investment. To save money, you can buy used equipment, which will cost twice as much. For growing Beijing cabbage at home on a small land plot, you will need funds only for the purchase of seed material.

Sales of products

If you provide proper fit and leaving Beijing cabbage, it will delight you good harvest. You can sell it throughout the year. The price of this vegetable ranges from 30 to 50 rubles per 1 kg. The weight of one head is about 1 kg and above.

Your main clients may be:

• supermarkets;
• Vegetable stalls;
• Restaurants;
• Schools;
• Hospitals.

If you decide to go into such a business, first of all analyze the market in your area and find ways to sell, and only then get to work. Demand for vegetables rises in autumn. By this time, the sown area should be significantly increased.

Growing Chinese cabbage

1. If you were engaged and decided to change the direction of activity, you can safely switch to Beijing. This unpretentious culture will bring you excellent profits. It is stored longer and can produce 2-3 crops in one season;
2. If you do not have initial capital, you can contact the bank and apply for a soft loan for agricultural producers. In addition, the state provides support to novice farmers. Within the framework of this program, 1.5 million rubles of gratuitous assistance can be received for or other crops;
3. To harvest your seeds, leave the strongest plants until fully ripe. Be aware that they can cross-pollinate with rutabaga or turnips;
4. Heads are stored in polyethylene with open ends. In this form, they remain fresh until the next harvest.

conclusions

Growing this crop for sale has its advantages and disadvantages. But, despite this, this line of business is considered quite profitable and promising. The high price and good demand ensure its high profitability. With the right approach,

To date, entrepreneurs are offered whole line interesting and profitable ideas. Each recommended, due to its prospects, is able to make a profit, that is, improve the financial condition. It is no secret that the most profitable types of business are those based on the sale of agricultural products.

In this article, we will consider Beijing cabbage as a source of profit. It should be noted that the cultivation of this crop in Russia is a new trend in vegetable growing. The prospect of growing Beijing cabbage is obvious, since the demand for it is only increasing every year. This trend is associated with the taste of the plant, as well as with its chemical composition which has a beneficial effect on human health.

Pros and cons of growing Beijing cabbage.

Below we consider a number of advantages of growing Chinese cabbage for farmers:

1. The yield of the plant is high (determined primarily by the variety, growing conditions and processing technique) - it can reach 0.9 t/ha;

2. Beijing cabbage tolerates low temperatures well, which is of particular interest to farmers in the middle zone of the country. The head of cabbage grows at a temperature of 12 degrees, but its most intensive growth is observed at a temperature of about 20 degrees. The plant is able to tolerate temperatures as low as -7 degrees. Thus, it is legitimate to say that this plant is unpretentious;

3. It makes sense to focus on the high wholesale price of Beijing cabbage - about 20 rubles. for 1 kg. From five hectares, as a rule, they get 300 tons of cabbage, that is, at least 6 million rubles;

4. The plant has a short growing season - an average of 2 months, that is, you will get more than one crop per year, which will contribute to business development;

5. Such cabbage is in high demand throughout the year, that is, the risks associated with sales are obviously excluded;

6. Beijing cabbage is suitable for greenhouse cultivation.

You must understand that each plant, in addition to pluses, has some disadvantages. Beijing cabbage is no exception in this regard. Note that each of the problems in the cultivation of a particular plant can be excluded. This requires a proper approach to business and full dedication. Below are the main cons:

1. Due to the novelty of the plant for our country, the appropriate cultivation techniques have not been worked out;

2. Productivity is affected by soil fertility;

3. Beijing cabbage is prone to various kinds of diseases. For this reason, the use of insecticidal preparations cannot be dispensed with;

4. "On the vine" such cabbage is only two weeks. If you postpone the harvesting of heads of cabbage beyond these two weeks, then there is a high probability of rotting, necrosis of cabbage leaves. This, in turn, negatively affects the shelf life.

If you set out to grow this plant, then you will need to register as a peasant farm, and if you wish, you can also as an individual entrepreneur. The preferred taxation system in this type of business is the ESHN. If you have arable land with an area of ​​​​more than five hectares, then your initial costs will be associated with the acquisition (minimum investment is indicated):

Tractor with a trailer (can be rented) - 1,000,000 rubles;

Transplanter - 200,000 rubles;

Seeds - 5000 rubles;

Fertilizers - 15,000 rubles;

Packaging material - 15,000 rubles;

Storage - 200,000 rubles.

Total - 1435000 rubles.

Fixed costs will be associated with:

Renting areas for crops (if there is no own land of sufficient area);

wages;

tax deductions;

Insurance contributions to the FIU;

Fuels and lubricants;

Repair, maintenance of premises and equipment.

Now consider ways to obtain funds that will bring the idea to life:

1. You can get by with a preferential bank loan, which is provided by the state for agricultural producers;

2. Become a member of one of the programs that provides support to farmers from the state. In Russia, within the framework of such programs, a farmer can be allocated up to 1,500,000 rubles free of charge for the development of his business.

Agrotechnics of cultivation.

Of fundamental importance in the process of cultivation of Beijing cabbage belongs to the composition of the soil and, accordingly, its fertility. Neutral soil is better suited, that is, one that has an average composition. For comparison: light soils will cause the plant to dry out instantly, and heavy and acidic soils will contribute to the manifestation of diseases. For planting Beijing cabbage, give preference to those lands on which they previously grew, zucchini, tomatoes, legumes, cucumbers.

When fertilizing, it is enough to limit bird droppings, humus, lime, potassium sulfate. Top dressing is more rational to carry out after two weeks after planting the seeds. Urea is usually used as a top dressing.

If you want to start selling early, we advise you to pay attention to such varieties and hybrids as Mirako F1, Khibiny 5. Otherwise, Bilko F1.

Growing methods:

seedling;

On open ground.

Seedlings give excellent results on a special soil - "Rostorfinfest". Plant seeds in greenhouse conditions begin to grow at a temperature of 4 degrees. With this method of cultivation, you can not be afraid of the negative effect of the lack natural light. Even you can completely do without additional lighting. It will take about 25 days to get viable seedlings in the greenhouse.

The first seedlings can be planted in open ground in April-May. Taking into account the fact that Beijing cabbage has a short growing season, it is advisable to plant seedlings in stages (in separate areas), as this will increase the yield by the end of the season. Example ( middle lane): 1st landing - the first days of May, 2nd landing - at the end of the first decade of May, 3rd landing - at the end of the second decade of May, etc., the last landing - the first days of August. There should be 40,000 seedlings per 1 ha. The distance between seedlings: rows - 10-12 cm, row spacing - 45 cm.

Water consumption during irrigation per 10 tons of crop - up to 800 cubic meters. Tip: Give preference to drip irrigation.

The frequency of cabbage treatment against pests and diseases is 1 time in 3 g. For this purpose, the soil is treated with lime, the consumption rate of which should be 0.3-0.4 kg per 1 sq. m.

Packing and storage.

Harvesting is carried out in the presence of formed sheets on heads of cabbage in the amount of 10-12 pieces.

The best packaging option is PVC film (width 35-45 cm). if you want to extend the shelf life of cabbage, then harvest it by hand right on the field.

Beijing cabbage is in the greatest demand in the autumn.

As you can see, the business idea is quite simple to implement and profitable.

Among other crops, others are also very popular with start-up entrepreneurs.