How to make clay soil fertile and loose? How to use clay bunch in the garden

Clay soil is composed of processing, such a soil is not capable of fertility and allows you to grow limited varieties of garden crops. You can correct the situation, but it will take time and a lot of effort. There are proven methods based on the discharge of excess moisture by changing the relief, making fertilizers, as well as the cultivation of Siderators.

Clay soil

Clay consists of a plurality of smallest particles that are strongly sealing among themselves when exposed to moisture. The monolithic mass in small quantities passes through itself oxygen and water, which is detrimental to most plants. In clay there is a slowdown in biological processes. Garden crops are beginning to fade, yield decreases and many plants die.

The grin is considered to be soil, which contains up to 80% of clay and 20% of sand. At home, it is impossible to accurately determine the percentage ratio. Exemplary analysis can be carried out by a simple experiment:

On the garden digging a hole in the depth of half the bayonet shovel. Hand take a handful of soil and knead the dough from it. If the soil is dry, you need to add water a little.
From the finished mass roll over the sausage, after which they turn the ring with a diameter of 5 cm.

If when folding into the ring, the sausage cracks, it means that the soil is drowned. The absence of cracks speaks of increased clayness. In order for such a soil to grow garden crops to prepare it.

Clay soil has negative qualities:

severity;
weakly conducts heat;
poorly misses oxygen;
on the surface it is forced water that swarshes a bed;
moisture to the roots of the plant enters badly;
under the sun, wet claile turns into a crust, the strength of which can be compared with concrete.

All listed negative qualities impede the normal biological process required for each plant.

It's important to know! On the surface of clay soil, a thickness of up to 15 cm may contain a small amount of humus. This is more minus than plus. The problem lies in high acidity, poorly affecting the plants.

It is possible to turn clay into fertile land, but the works are time-consuming and delay at least three years.

Preparation of the site

Water with clay form a rat mixture, which, when frozen, is weakly different from concrete. Moisture stroke by rainy summer threatens the site by swallowing. There will be nothing to grow on such a garden. References start with drainage arrangement. The system is designed to remove excess moisture. To figure out whether drainage needs, a small experiment is carried out:

A recess is digging about 60 cm. The width of the pits are taken arbitrarily.
The hole to the top is filled with water and leave one day.

If, after the specified time, the water is completely not absorbed, the site needs drainage.

Surface drainage

The system involves digging small trenches throughout the perimeter of the site. Moreover, they are digging under the bias so that the water is given to the set place, for example, the ravine.

Drop trenches along the tracks, around the perimeter of the beds, lawns, resting places. Walking trays closed with grille are placed around the buildings. All surface drainage is connected to one system, which can divert water into wells.

Depth drainage

Strongly flooded areas with high groundwater arrangements require a depth drainage arrangement. The principle of the system is the same, only instead of ordinary small grooves deep into the ground, perforated pipes are buried - drain. The highways are usually placed to a depth of 1.2 m. The pipes are connected to the shower sewage tray, surface drainage trenches and drainage wells. The distance between the drains depends on the depth of their laying and the composition of the soil, but not more than 11 m.

To improve drainage on a highly flooded area, it is optimally equipped with a combined drainage, consisting of a surface and deep system.

In addition to the improvement of drainage, on the clay site is engaged in improving the relief. Grokes, flower beds, the garden is trying to lift the soil by embankment. From the hill will water will be faster.

Making fertilizers

The clay soil is influenza. Mineral fertilizers will not help here. I will help only the organic agent. Clean the soil will help sand, and it can be reduced by lime to reduce acidity.

Peat with manure

Improving clay soil starts with manure or peat. The organic is added at the rate of 2 buckets per 1 m 2 of the garden. The land is drunk to a depth of 12 cm. Over time, rainworms and useful microorganisms are divided into this layer. The soil will acquire looseness, moisture and oxygen will begin into the inside.

Attention! Manure use only renovated, otherwise the roots of the plants burn. Peat should not have a rusty shade. This speaks of large gland impurities, poorly affecting vegetation. Before entering into the ground, peat is well weathered.

Sawdust

Wood sawdust is considered a good organic and perfectly tear the soil. However, during the overload, they are pulled nitrogen from the soil, reducing its fertility. It is possible to correct the problem with wetting of sawdust before entering the urea solution. Fertilizer is bred by water to a concentration of 1.5%.

Tip! Wood sawdust moistened with urine pets, which were used as a litter.

Wood sawdust is made at the rate of 1 bucket per 1 m 2 of the garden. The ground is depicted with a depth of 12-15 cm.

Sand with humus

Defect clay soil will help sand. However, he is not fertile in itself. The sand is brought with humus. Do it need every fall. The amount of sand depends on which crops will grow on the garden. Suppose for growing vegetables and flowers 1 m 2 lands fall asleep with 1 bucket of sand. When growing cabbage, apple trees, beets The amount of sand on 1 m 2 is reduced to 0.5 buckets. At least after 5 years, the thickness of the fertile layer will reach 18 cm.

Important! Sand with humus should be made annually. Useful substances from the planting plants will take and need to be replenished. Sand per year will fall. If you do not make it a new portion, the soil will again become clay and heavy.

Loving soil

Reduce acidity, and increase fertility helps the limestation of the soil. Do it in the fall once every five years. Haired lime into the ground is made to reduce acidity, and the chalk helps increase fertility, as it contains a lot of calcium. Not bad results showing the making of wood ash, dolomite flour and ground limestone. The amount of substances introduced depends on the soil composition. Atunking it is impossible to do it. A preliminary analysis is required.

Growing Sideratov

An annual plants called Siderators are well suited as the soil fertilizer. They are seeded before planting vegetables or after harvesting. The young greenery is sticking, but they do not clean with the garden, but they are drunk with the ground. The most common sites are considered:

Rye. Ssed out in August after harvesting. Greens can be swapped late in autumn or spring before landing.
Clover. The site can not be used under the landing of garden crops for three years. The clover is mounted annually and the green mass leaves lying on the garden. For the third year, the area is picked up 12 cm deep. Klever roots also overload and become an additional fertilizer.
Facelium. Sow spring after snowing snow. At least a month after germination, but three weeks before the landing work, the green mass is mounted. The garden is dripped to a depth of 15 cm.
Mustard. White mustard is considered to be Siderate No. 1. It is sowing early in spring and put on the height of shoots to 10 cm. You can sow in August after harvesting vegetables, and fall in the fall in front of frosts. The soil with a seater is drunk to 12 cm deep.

The empty sections of the garden can be placed by soil plants. In the heat they will prevent soil overheating, keep moisture and in the future will become organic fertilizer.

Gardeners adopt the experience of the older generation and often use folk methods for improving clay soil. Here are some of them:

Improve the structure of the soil help major kids. In the fall, the plot is not interrupted by a motoblock, and turn the shovel by hand. Large wrenches of the land are delayed in winter snow, and in the spring it is better warmed up. Fertility will not increase, but the soil will become militant in processing.
The clay area can not be drained deeper than 25 cm. The earth will not become from this loose. With an increase in the depth of the clay properties appear even more.
A good result gives the use of mulch on the beds. Solol, sawdust, leaves or housing spread over the ground around garden plantings. The mulch prevents the rapid evaporation of moisture and the formation of a crust on the clay soil. The thickness of the mulch depends on the material used and is a maximum of 5 cm. In the fall, it is drunk from the ground to the garden to obtain organic fertilizer.

Tip! Drop the clay soil is easier with dry weather. With wet clay, it is difficult to work hard, plus it turns out the kisa, which, after drying in the sun, smash problematic.

Last time, the gardeners began to adhere to an innovation providing for partial refueling of the soil. The plot with clay soil is drunk and fertilized not all, but only the beds, where landfit crops are expected.

If nothing happened

If the work on improving clay soil passed unsuccessfully, it is not worth throwing a plot. Even on such land you can grow useful cultures:

from flowers, you can land peonies, aconite, volzhanka;
many varieties of strawberries, cabbage, salads, peas are well taken out of garden crops;
currant, plum, cherry, grapes are growing from fruit crops on clay.

It all depends on the varieties of each culture. Those plants and trees will grow on clay, which stably transfer the lack of oxygen and high humidity.

If you have clay soil on the plot, and you ask what to do, then this article is for you and after reading it you will not have to climb the forums and ask experienced gardens what to do.

Definition of clay soil

The soil is considered to be clay, if 80% of its composition is clay and 20% - sand. Clay, in turn, consists of particles tightly adjacent to the other. Accordingly, due to this, problems arise, since air and water passes through such a surface. Lack of air in it slows down the necessary biological processes.

How to determine the type of soil (video)

Soil, which consist mainly of clay, are very uncomfortable, as their structure is imperfect. They are very sf and heavy, since the clay itself is poorly drained.

Clay soil quickly freezes and is heated long enough, despite the fact that nutrients are in more quantities, compared with light soils. Clay processing is very difficult, and the roots of the plants do not penetrate the inside of such a surface. After the departure of the snow, the rains, or watering, the water is long over the top and very slowly passes into the lower layers.

Cleaning soil long misses moisture

Accordingly, there is a stagnation of water, which in turn contributes to the oss air from the layers of the Earth, and the soil zaks. When water in the ground is high, then with it, in principle, the same processes occur. In the case when strong rains pass, the clay swims, the crust is formed on top of the soil, with which nothing good happens - it dries, harden and bursts. And if then rarely go rarely, the earth hardly hardening that it is very difficult to jump. The crusts that are formed on top of the soil do not give air, which further dries it. The processing is even more difficult and blocks are formed with a rustle.

Clay soil often contains a lot of humus, and it is mainly 10-15 cm from the surface. But even this is more than the disadvantage, rather than the advantage, since such a soil is an acidic reaction that plants are not good.

But, fortunately, these all minuses can be corrected in several seasons. This, of course, does not go about the "turning" of heavy soil in the light. Also, the host will require certain efforts and quite a lot of material costs. These works can be delayed for several years.

It does not matter for what kinds of cultures you want to improve the soil - in the garden plot or any other, the principles of action almost everywhere are the same.

First, plan the plane on your site so that it is as smooth, otherwise water will be stated there. The borders on the bed should be directed so that it ensure that there is a removal of excess water.

Before winter, the clay soil is necessary to switch, but so as not to break the lumps. It is advisable to do this before the autumn rains go, otherwise the soil compaches even more. In winter, because of the water and frost, the structure of the lumps will be better. Thanks to this spring, the burishes and heating of the soil accelerate. Spring the soil must be accurate again.

When cultivating such soils and an increase in plowed layers is prohibited to be turned upstairs most of the podzole. The depth should increase the maximum of two centimeters, while you need to throw fertilizers and various lime materials.

In the case when the soil is very dense, which is difficult to even even speed, the addition of chopped brick, hay, crushed twigs or bark is allowed. But if you do not have bricks, you can add bedrooms of weeding herbs. They are burned with roots and unexpassed land, and then added to our soil.

Improving clay soil fertilizers

Be that as it may, all of the above acts well, but the main method for improving clay soil is to add fertilizers. It may be manure or different types of peat or compost.

Peat

Over time, it is recommended to add manure or peat at least 1-2 buckets per square meter. Cultured layer of soil do no more than 12 cm, because it contributes to the high-quality development of minerals. Thanks to this, useful primer microorganisms and rainworms are well developing there. As a result, the soil becomes loose, its structure is improved, and air penetrates there. It all contributes to the good life of vegetation.

Humiliary for fertilizer

The manure that will be added to the soil must be well overloaded, otherwise it will be harmful for the roots. Use manure that quickly decomposes - horse or sheep.

Peat must be well weathered. If the color of the peat is rusty, then it is better not to add it. This testifies to the large content of iron, which can harm vegetation.

Wood sawdust

If you have wood sawdust, which have lying enough long enough, then it can also give a good result. However, add no more than 1 bucket per square meter. But this can reduce the fertility of the soil. This is due to the fact that when sawdust decompose, they take the soil nitrogen. This can be prevented if before adding to the soil to make a solution of urea, the concentration with water of which should be 1.5%. You can also apply, sawdust that climbed the livestock and wetted them with urine.

Sawdust as fertilizer

Sand and humus

There is also another method - with autumn pinkly add river sand into the clay soil. Although it is not easy, but gives a good effect. But you need to know the correct proportions, since each type of cultivated culture requires a different composition of the soil.

Sand for fertilizer of clay soil

With such soils, vegetables and many flowers grow well as small loams. To achieve such a composition, add square one sand bucket to meter.

Paul buckets need to be added if you want to put cabbage, beets, apple trees, plum, cherry or some floral cultures, such as peonies or roses. They love heavy soils.

Add to clay soil sand and humus must be regularly - at least in a year over the years. This is all because the level will take a plant, and the sand will fall, and the soil will be unfavorable again.

As practice shows after five years of such works, the soil from the clay will become a sublinous. The thickness of the layer will be somewhere 18 cm.

Green crop fertilizer

A good effect is produced annual green crops that are used as a fertilizer.

They are sown, usually, after collecting vegetables or potatoes, and in the same season they jump off for the winter. In August, you can also sow winter rzhu and move it in the spring. Such cultures act on the ground positively, and it is enriched organically. But the main thing is that so clay ground fries.

Creation of loose soil

If there are very few organic substances in Earth, a good solution will be sowing with a perennial clover. He regularly coars, without collecting grass. Clover roots die over time and have a beneficial effect on the ground. Three years later, the clover is better to dwell to 12 cm deep.

The rain worms also tear the earth well, so it is desirable to populate them there. If you have empty sections, you can plant them with soils. They do not dry up the earth, overheat and increase the level of organic.

Loving the soil

If you heard about such a method like the limestone of the soil, then this is done only in autumn. This is done infrequently - once every 5 years. Lime risks the soil and thus has a beneficial effect on him. Calcium, in turn, increases the fertility of the soil, as it allows you to penetrate the water inland clay. Mostly this method, as most of the rest, is well breaking heavy earth.

But the question arises, in which dosages add alkaline materials? It depends on how much calcium in the ground, which level of acidity and mechanical composition. In autumn, it can be fertilized by ground limestone, haired lime, dolomite flour, chalk, cement dust, wood and peat ash.

The enrichment of lime has a beneficial effect on both heavy and light soils. Heavy turn into more loose, and the lungs on the contrary, connected. Also, the microorphs are enhanced, which better absorbs nitrogen and humus, which gives an improvement in the nutritional of plants.

Clay soil can bring harvest, but for this you need to work hard

To find out what kind of soil do you have, spend a simple experiment - squeeze in your hand a handful of the earth and moisten with water. Severate the Earth until she remind you of dough. Try to make a bagel from this handful in a diameter of 5 cm. In the case when he crackled - then you have a drumine soil, if there are no cracks - you have clay soil. Accordingly, it must be put in order.

This is a secondary product of the earth's crust, a sedimentary rock formed as a result of the destruction of rock rocks in the process of weathering. Most of the clays are the nans of water flows, which fell to the bottom of the lakes and seas, so they contain almost all possible chemical elements in their composition.

Clay - potentially fertile soil. It has a large content of mineral salts. For example, the amount of potassium and magnesium in the sublinks and clays are much larger than in light sand or peat soils. In addition, even after making potash fertilizers, the number of potassium in the soil increases slightly and for a short time, but the clay can perfectly accumulate it and hold it.

Aluminum, silicon, iron, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, other salts and oxides can also be detected in the clay. Clay also contains some of the organic substances - from 1 to 10%.

It may seem strange, but it is the sublinous soil that is most suitable for growing plants. Of course, this is no longer clay in its pure form. In contrast, it is a loose sedimentary rock, containing only from 10 to 30% of clay particles. By their content, heavy (20-30%) are isolated, medium (15 - 20%) and light (10 - 15%) loam.

Clay soils are characterized by weak water and breathability, and large connectedness. If the clay is dominated in the structure of the soil, then the soil is slower slower, fasterly moistened, forms a hermetic castle, which significantly reduces the flow of atmospheric air, vital for the development of the root system of plants, soil microorganisms, and makes it difficult to remove carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, so unsafe for plants.

However, with a moderate and sufficient fraction of clay in the soil, the flaws of clay become advantages. The whole thing in proportion. Even at the beginning of the last century, Pavl Steinberg Professor Petrogradsky Agronomics Institute, the author of more than 150 books noted in the "source of gardening recipe": "On a fatty black soil, especially on freshly consistent, seedlings of sea buckthorn are easily dispersed, although shoots are extremely friendly."

For such soil it is recommended to introduce clay binder material with organic fertilizers. This method allows for 3-5 seasons to emphasize them and make very fertile. Due to the high moisture and air permeability of such soil, organic fertilizers are quickly decomposed and mineralized, therefore, and the organic is required in large quantities - up to 10-15 kg per square meter.

The author-gardener I. Krivega cites data on the successful use of clay on its garden plot as a valuable component of the soil composition. The clay left after use for masonry, clay was lying in a heaps in different places of the garden. Observations have shown that potatoes planted next to clay heaps gave a much greater harvest than the other, with the same agricultural engineering. The reason is that the clay substrate during the rains safely glasses to potatoes, and that "it liked"!

As it turned out, the clay contributed to the growth of not only potatoes, but also onions, other vegetable crops, but especially garden trees and shrubs. Yield increased significantly.

How else can I use clay?

An important ingredient of clay can also become in composites that produce nutrients and humic acids and when the soil is loosening, for planting roots during planting and crop transfers.

But how to use clay for everything listed? It is advisable to make clay with small fractions and the smallest, the better. Ideally - in a grinding in powder form. If you make a lump of clay, it will take too much time to mix it with the main soil. How to get a clay powder in a small farm? Scatter clay on a pallet from plywood or metal with a low side of the perimeter of a layer of about five centimeters, give time to seek and ventilate in the sun within a week-two.

During this period, the clay is released from iron and aluminum zakyases due to weathelation, sheats and is ready for crushing and transition to a state of mulling powder. We fray the clay composition with a hammer, a sledgehammer, volat, right on the pallet. The pallet must be strong enough to withstand such a load. Grind to a homogeneous state. The resulting clay suite is desirable to sift through a large sieve. Grinding must be done carefully so as not to return to this work after sieving the composition.

You can enter during the spring or autumn peroxide. Glindows add to the compost, together with the turf of the earth, the upper peat, sand in equal shares when used on soils with a large sand content. With a moderate or small sand in the soil, the share of clay can be reduced to 1/3.

A small amount can be added to the composition, and overwhelmed manure. As for the sea buckthorn, mentioned in the book of P. Steinberg, it transfers all types of soils, but productivity indicators are higher on gray forest soils.

Magic of revival

In the pure form, clay soils, on the contrary, are almost unsuitable for agriculture. They are very heavy. Clay is very poorly transmitting water and congestive processes are characteristic. Even small decreases on the surface of the soil can cause stagnation of water in the soil. The same thing happens in the presence of a close level of groundwater. Stagnation of water outweigh their soil, as a result, it occurs, which is expressed in the appearance of blue spots with an elevated content of substances harmful to plants. Useful soil microbocenosis is oppressed, harmful anaerobic microorganisms develop.

By and large, clay soil can be viewed as a dead environment. Therefore, the main task of improving such soils and their preparation to agriculture is to revitalize. For this, it is necessary, first of all, to create conditions for the life of microorganisms. It is necessary to make the soil of air-permeable, warmer and easy.

To create a loose structure, add ordinary large river sand. It is better to do with a plot, mixing sand and clay. At the same time, the manure humus is also introduced - at least 10 liters per square meter. Peat, compost, leafy ground and mineral fertilizers are added: 60 - 100 g, 250 - 500 g of ash. If the soil is acidic, then it is lime, introducing 1.0 - 1.5 kg of lime per 1 kV. meter.

When making a cow manure is mixed with soil in a ratio of 1: 2. Dry manure must be used in smaller quantities than wet. The manure has an alkaline reaction and may notice the soil, so it is not recommended to be made under cultures preferring acidified substrates. In addition, manure tends to saline the soil, therefore it is recommended to use no manure on heavy clay soils, but a peat or compost of vegetable origin.

In subsequent years, mandatory resopeco is necessary under the winter, loosening and systematic introduction of organic organics - manure, peat, compost. In the development of clay soils, it is possible to deepen with each subsequent resistance, you can not more than 4 cm, gradually mastered the deeper layers.

Expected fertility

As a result of the vital activity of useful soil microorganisms in a few years, the soil becomes a structural, crumbly. It glues with mineral and organic colloidal particles in small lumps, which are loosely adjacent to each other, which allows air to penetrate the soil into the air, and the water can not linger on the surface.

Gumus-rich clay scattered into small lumps. The moves of microscopic and rainworms, cavities of dead roots of plants also improve the aeration and permeability of the soil. The application of lime into heavy clay also improves its permeability and structure.

The life of bacteria and other soil microorganisms can be very short - from days to several hours. If there is food, warm and humid - they are very quickly multiplied if "feed" is over, they die very quickly. But their biomass and livelihood products constitute the very "nutritious broth", which includes not only simple compounds for powering plants, but also amino acids, vitamins, growth hormones, antibiotics and many other nutrients. Soil microorganisms are translated by clay minerals into a soluble state, providing plants elements of the entire Mendeleev table.

Cooking compost

When preparing a high-quality compost, it is necessary to add a little sublink. It will also serve as a source of soil microorganisms - Raskaya, and will bind nutrients formed during compost maturation. It is such associated complexes and occur when the soil particles are stirred in the intestine of a rainwater, make up the basis of soil fertility.

The sequence of the layers of the compost heap: 15 - 20 cm of grass and similar waste, sprinkle ashes, dolomite or lime 300 - 600 g per 1 sq. meter, then with a complex fertilizer, for example, nitroposka (11:11:11) - 100 - 200 g per 1 sq. M. meter, and all spray with clay garden ground - approximately 2 cm layer. These layers alternate in this order several times. Compost should be watering through the sprayer so that the bunch was constantly wet.

As fertilizer

Clay can be used as mineral feeding. Minerals are rich in minerals a layer of clay with a thickness of about 3 cm, lying directly under the earthen crust. Before use, it is maintained for several months in the open air, protecting against rain, and then mixed with and used as feeding for plants.

The best results gives the use of blue clay, which lies deep underground and is taken out on the surface only during earthworks. Such a clay can be mixed with various mineral fertilizers, bone flour, a cow and bring to the ground under the roots of plants in the form of balls or cakes with a diameter of 1 to 5 cm. Such balls are made of pre-operated clay. Then they are dried and stored in a dry place.

Of particular importance are such feedstocks on sandy soils, where most fertilizers are quickly washed away. Clay mixtures can feed plants for several years, slowly by the roots of the necessary substances.

Crack

If there are no clay particles in your soil, then it should be fixed. Very easy, sandy soil needs to make clay and peat, and peat - soglinka and sand. In any case, an operation should be carried out under the name of the anticipation.

Clay can be scattered in autumn over the surface of the site. During the winter, spring and partly of the summer under the influence of air and moisture, the clay will lose its contained, possibly harmful substances. Under the influence of winter frosts, it will acquire the necessary looseness, and already in the middle of the next year, it can be fragmented and scattered over the surface of the site. Further grinding is carried out by rescock and loosening.

When planting trees or shrubs with clay, you can create a moisture layer, which will slow down the care of water and fertilizers in the deeper soil layers. For this, the clay is layered with a layer of 8 - 15 cm on the depth of landing pit. Create a solid layer of clay laborious and quite difficult. This can be done only on empty areas with heavy machinery.

With benefit for business

The plasticity and binding clay properties make it possible to use it as waterproofing for buildings, foundations, fish ponds, fastening slopes. In nature there are clay with the most diverse degrees of plasticity and connectedness. The most plastic clay is always able to keep more water, but are harder than non-volatile, and requires more time to saturate.

On the plasticity, 5 groups of clays are allocated - from high-pile to non-textile. Clay with high plasticity are called clay "fatty", as they give an impression of a bold when tangible. They are slippery to the touch and have shine. The clays are non-volatile or small plastic are called "skinny." They are on the touch roughness, in a dry condition has a matte surface, with friction their fingers are easily separated by small earthy dust.

Water on the site is necessary. But after the well dies, the question arises where to give clay? No need to hire a car, pay the workers for loading and exporting clay. In skillful hands, it will become an amazing material for decorating a country area.

Preparatory work

You do not need to be sad when you will see the mountain of clay next to the new well. Yes, at first glance, this is a bunch of dirt, but on the second - a wonderful material for landscape design.

Before the workers begin digging the well, tell me so that they postpone the upper fertile layer aside. Bottom let rise in the form of an unwitted clay slide.

Put the rubber gloves, pour the water bucket and put it nearby. If the clay, which remained from digging the well, followed several days under the hot sun and dried on top, then moisten the top layer with water.

If you immediately took about the case, the clay is soft and plastic, since the upper layer consists of the lower aquatic layers, which workers got from the bottom of the well.

Three-tier flower bed or alpine slide

Now you can start to type. Take a small shovel. With the help of this tool, it is easy to give the clay grind the desired form.

If you decide to make a three-tiery flower bed from it, then give the material a round shape. Mentally divide the construction of 3 rings. Now make them updown. The lowest will be the external ring, and the highest internal.

Strengthen the edges with the help of a shovel by making flights with a height of 10-15 cm. Pour on each tier fertile land, which also remained after digging the well. Safety will not allow her to fall out.

If you want to make an alpine slide, then do not give a pile of clay the correct outlines. Let it be rounded on the one hand, and on the other - a little concave. Alpine slide below the flower beds.

Decoration of man-made creation

Where to get the stones for cutting a slide? They can be taken from the same clay. Very often in this deep layer there are various rocks.

Remove stones from clay, rinse in water and lay them almost chaotic on the alpine slide. For the flower beds, they will also be useful. Make it from this free natural material.

Also at the alpine slide, also be satisfied with the roaming of the well of fertile land and decorate it with low colors. To flower bed and alpine slide all summer happy eyes, put pansies on them (Viola), Daisy. The latter will multiply by self-sowed and will soon create a motley carpet.

In the middle will be beautifully watching the soil rose. Lighted lilac irises, tulips, daffodils Collect the man-made clay construction in the late spring in bright, life-affirming colors.

You can find more prosaic use of clay. This material covers the outer walls of houses from blocks, sewers, bricks, deceive the surface of brick stoves.

Children can cut figures from this material, dry in the sun and paint at their discretion.

Truly, clay is just a unique material for construction, design, creativity.

In the center of the garden there is a plot with very dense ground, which is not scattered when leaning. Sand added, but it did not help. What should I have to grow vegetables there? N. Gulevich

On the plot, most likely there is a zone with clay soil. It is possible to improve its quality, but it will take time.

Clay soils are unfavorable due to a heavy structure that does not let the air, usually they are also colder and wet. But they also have advantages - clay soils, unlike sandy, well hold nutrient elements made with fertilizers. After improving the structure and conversion of clay in loams on such soils, plants are well developed.

It is important for the beginning to determine the acidity of the soil in this area. For growing vegetables, weakly acidic or neutral soil is best suited. In the sourness should be made lime, chalk, dolomite flour, ash. The dose of the deoxidizer depends on acidity. For example, dolomite flour for stronghold soil will take up to 600 g per 1 square meter. m, for weakness - from 350 to 450 g per 1 sq. M. m.

The main step with the improvement of clay soil is the introduction of loosening materials.You can use any available organic substances - peat, reworked manure, compost (1.5-2 buckets per square meters. M). Straw and sawdust is also a good material, but they require additional processing with nitrogen fertilizers. It is recommended to pre-pour them with urea solution (150 g per 10 liters of water). The straw is crushed into pieces of 10-15 cm long and lay a layer of about 10 cm (10-20 kg of straw per 1 square meters), sawdust (1 bucket of 1 sq. M.). It should be borne in mind that sawdust acidify the soil. Organic substances with a uniform layer are distributed over the surface and dripped to a depth of 20 cm. This operation should be carried out in the fall for several years.

With the autumn peroxide of the clay soil it is useful to leave large boulders. For the winter, the land will freeze and become more crumbly.

Adding sand, ashs from the ignition of plant residues with the ground, as well as the sifted brunch of the brick will improve the quality of the soil.

A good way to make the soil suitable for growing cultivated plants - sowing siters. For example, Lupine can be sowed until the end of July, it forms powerful roots, tearing soil. Before the start of flowering, the plant is mounted and leave to overweep for the winter on the site, and in the spring they are drunk the ground. Another way is to crush the plants and shook into the soil.

Later, after 4-5 years, when vegetables can be grown on this site, continue to use mulching organic materials, it will significantly improve soil fertility.