Soft roof at low temperatures. The device of roofs from rolled materials at negative temperatures. Installation of a soft roof in winter

We are glad to welcome you on the site of the roofing company "Stroy-Alliance"
The main and priority activity of our organization is the high-quality performance of work on the installation and repair of roofs. flat type. We will reliably carry out the following works:

	Laying gasket and built-up vapor barrier.
	Each type of these plates has its own advantages and disadvantages. Call us and we will offer you the brand of insulation that is right for you.
	We will perform work on creating slopes from expanded clay or using wedge-shaped thermal insulation.
	Installation of cement-sand and prefabricated screeds.
	Reliable brands of roofing waterproofing. No fiberglass as the basis of the rolls. Only fiberglass and polyester. traditional technology repair of soft flat roofs includes the fusing of roofing roll materials using gas burners. This method of installing and repairing flat roofs is intuitive and has been used for over 30 years. The practical experience of performing such work by the specialists of our organization is 17 years. Used as roofing quality materials TechnoNikol company.
	Polymer-bitumen grades with a thickness of more than 6 mm (with two-layer laying) The service life of the roll coating is from 15 years. Strict adherence to the technology of work.
	Domestic and imported polymeric membranes. All accessories for installation are available. Three automatic welding machines. Brigades with 10 years of experience roofing devices made of PVC membranes.
	Operational visit to the object. Reliable troubleshooting. The roofers of Stroy-Alliance are certified by TechnoNikol.
	We will draw up according to the terms of reference or defective statement commercial proposal within 1 business day. If necessary, we will calculate the cost at state rates.

In our activities we use only proven technologies and use materials that have passed many years of testing in real operating conditions. In principle, we do not work with materials that have low technical performance and a short service life. We supply the main materials to the object, directly from the manufacturing plants, bypassing intermediaries.
We offer potential customers various methods performance of work. This also applies to the optimization of grades of materials, and technologies used during installation. roof structures. We know how to save money without losing quality!

Do you want the repair or installation of a flat roll roof to be carried out with high quality, without violations of technology and in a short time?
Call now or leave a request and our roofers will get down to business!

Benefits of cooperation with Stroy-Alliance

Stroy-Alliance is proud of its team. Due to the fact that we do not have a "staff turnover", over the years of our existence, the company's employees have gained invaluable experience, trained in Russian and foreign companies. All this guarantees that our specialists will prevent errors, take into account every nuance in the work and provide a high-quality product as a result. Stroy-Alliance specialists clearly fulfill their obligations under the contract, therefore our company is considered reliable partner. Expensive modern equipment, which we use for installation, repair of flat, soft, built-up, bituminous roofing, laying of rolled roofing, roof waterproofing - the advantage of "Stroy-Alliance", as it allows you to minimize the time of work without loss of quality.

More than ten years is our experience with PVC membranes. We provide our services at a wide variety of facilities: shopping malls, warehouse terminals, private homes;
Installation of membrane roofing is carried out in as soon as possible(from 500 square meters in a day);
Quick budgeting, preparation of a full package of documents when the object is put into use (acts of acceptance of work performed, acts hidden works etc.);
Installation of a rolled roof made of PVC membranes, repair, installation of built-up flat roof carried out by us throughout the Central Federal District Russia;
The work of Stroy-Alliance fully complies with tax legislation (when concluding a work contract, VAT is deducted);
Installation, repair of a flat roof is carried out using various ways(modern and traditional);
Departure of a technical specialist is carried out with maximum efficiency and completely free of charge;
Brands of materials used are agreed with the Customer;
When providing services, we use the latest foreign equipment;
Citizens of the Russian Federation work in the brigade.

Leave your roof repair worries on the shoulders of our specialists!

Roofing work is carried out at outdoor temperatures down to -20°C, and in the Far North up to -30°C.

12.1. BASE DEVICE

At negative temperatures, screeds are installed from prefabricated or monolithic asbestos-cement and cement-sand slabs. Works with solutions without antifreezes are allowed up to -10°С. Tash antifreeze or sodium carbonate salts are recommended in cement-sand mortars, in which the bright sand is replaced by expanded clay.

Laying the solution is carried out heated to 60°C, excluding additional transfer from the bone to the container. The solution is delivered in closed tanks, preferably thermally insulated. The longer the solution is in open frost before work, the worse the quality of the hitch will be.

After the installation of screeds, priming is immediately carried out (in the amount of 600 g / m2) and covered with an insulating layer.
When installing asphalt screeds, the cool fraction of the mineral filler is replaced with sand.
Before laying, the mixture is heated with heating elements to the operating temperature of the asphalt concrete mixture.
The mixture is laid in squares of 4 × 4 m along the adjusted slats with a thickness 1.5 times greater than the thickness of the screeds at a positive temperature. Heating the surface and the laid mixture allows you to better level it. The surface of the screeds is primed with bituminous primers (800-1000 g/m2), diluted in a slowly evaporating solvent and heated to 40-50°C.
In winter, they can be replaced cement-sand screeds asphalt concrete on rigid and semi-rigid insulation, which will significantly reduce the quality of the roof. In general, in extreme cases, a large-sized assembly is used instead of a monolith. A little solvent is introduced into hot mastics to lower the liquefaction temperature. The seams between the plates are filled with a mixture of liquefied bitumen with a corrugated filler. Screeds must be primed immediately.

thermal insulation

Thermal insulation is laid from slabs sorted by thickness on a leveled base. The leveling layer under the bottom is made of coarse sand or granulated slag. The joints are sealed with mastic (bitumen + asbestos) or a mixture of liquefied bitumen with corrugated filler.
Monolithic thermal insulation can only be arranged from bitumen-perlite slabs, interconnected in place by melting the edges.

12.2. ROOF DEVICE

The base is cleared of ice (you can use the SO-U7A machine).
For gluing, cold mastics are preferred. For the deposited materials, a burner (propane-butane) is used.
Rolled materials are rolled out in a warm room and kept before sticking at a temperature of 20-25 ° C for 24-28 hours, rolled up and placed in 5-7 rolls in a heat-insulated container.

Glued by melting the bituminous layer. First, it is desirable to apply a primer on the base (800 g per m2).
After it dries (until the film stops sticking), a panel is tried on on the gluing strip along the line drawn with chalk. The panel is folded back by 0.5 m, the cover layer of the folded part is melted with a burner (or hot mastic is applied to the base of the gluing area) and the carpet is manually pressed to the base.
Next, the unglued roll is rolled up, slightly heating its outer surface with a burner to avoid breakage. After that, put the roll on the roller and lay as usual (warming up both the carpet and the base on which the laying is done). The roller is pressed against the base.

The overlaps and the carpet itself are rolled 3-4 times with a weighted roller (90 kg).
Important! Before melting the cover layer on the gluing line, it is necessary to adjust the torch of the burner, the slope and to the panel in such a way that the cover layer softens to a viscous-fluid state, warming up to 160-180 ° C.
An indicator of overheating is a mastic roller in front of the sheet being rolled out and, which is completely unacceptable, yellow mastic vapors.
Adjacent to vertical surfaces:

After cutting and marking, the panel is folded into 2 parts, the length of which corresponds to the length of the vertical and horizontal sections of the gluing. Then, with a burner, the cover layer is softened into parts glued to the vertical surface, while heating (or priming with bitumen) the vertical surface itself. The carpet is pressed and carefully rubbed.
The horizontal surface is glued in the same way.
A protective layer is arranged in the warm season.
Working with hot mastic in winter is impractical.
It is possible to use polymer additives and solvents (5-7%). Mineral fillers are best replaced with a solution of polyisobutylene (3-5%).

Short-term (10-15 min) overheating of mastics is allowed (bitumen - above 160-180 ° C, tar - above 140-160 ° C by 10-20 ° C).
For the installation of roofs at an external temperature of -20 ° C, the mastic is applied in small areas of no more than 0.5 m2 (for example, 1 × 0.5 m), quickly leveled with strokes and the carpet is pulled over. Any overlap in winter should be at least 10 cm.
It is more rational to use cold mastics in winter, for example, bitumen-latex-cookersal.
Before application, they are heated to 70-80°C. The cloth must also be kept indoors. A roll is rolled out on a primed base, applying heated cold mastic to the carpet and base using spray rods. When pressing, it is necessary to monitor the longitudinal overlap. When sticking upper layers mastic is applied only to the underlying layer and carefully pressed to the panels of the lower layers.

Rolling is carried out after laying all the layers at least 3 times with a weighted roller. It is advisable to postpone the sticker of the upper layers for the warm season by gluing 2 emergency lower layers.
When installing mastic roofs (reinforced and non-reinforced), cold asphalt mastics with antifreeze or hot bitumen are used, fiberglass reinforced. The use of emulsions is unacceptable (at temperatures below -5°C).

Antifreeze (ethylene glycol or methyl alcohol up to 15% by weight of the paste) is introduced into cold water mastics in a warm room. The mastic is delivered to the roof heated to 40 ° C and immediately applied to the base, leveling with strokes, controlling the layer thickness. With mastic hot bituminous roofing work similarly to roll materials on hot bituminous mastic, where the rolled material is fiberglass, but after it is laid and pressed (with an armored mesh roller), an additional layer is applied over the panel until the fiberglass cells are completely impregnated.

Previous device and repair soft roof were strictly limited to seasonality, since both main roofing materials - bitumen and roofing material - are powerless in frost. Bitumen quickly freezes, loses its plastic properties; when working with it in winter, the introduction of plasticizers is necessary. The roofing material cracks in the cold, the rolls do not finally roll out, being shackled and shaped in waves.
All developments of roofing materials were aimed at improving their properties at low temperatures, so that work on soft roofing could be carried out. all year round. Soft roofs usually imply the scale of the structure; most industrial, civil and residential buildings of a large area are equipped with soft roofs. And stops in large-scale construction, connected with the season, are equally unprofitable for both the customer and the contractor. Man is used to struggling with difficulties and subordinating nature to his will, and he has succeeded in this even now.

In addition, in winter it may be necessary to carry out repair work for a number of reasons: leaks were discovered a long time ago, but did not reach the hands in the summer. During the winter, damage will increase even more, undermined by frost and thaw, and with the onset of persistent heat, the roof will lose its main function - waterproofing.
In winter, the most important operation is drying and warming up the base. And before installation - uniform and sufficient heating of roofing materials.
And here, whether you like it or not, you will have to depend on the weather: you will not work in snowfall, rain or a sharp thaw, as well as in very severe frost.

When laying built-up materials in winters using propane burners, only a virtuoso roofing master can guarantee a high-quality coating. Usually the same heating roll! unevenly, like the base, because of the low temperature, the laid layer cools too sharply, sometimes the base and mater cool down before gluing has occurred. There are a lot of unglued places.

new technology in the installation and repair of roofs in winter, the use of the method of infrared heating of the cover layer of roll melted materials began to be used - this significantly improves technologically winter work and improve the quality of work performed.
The use of infrared radiation and means a fixed temperature heating of the surface, sufficient to melt the cover! layer, and eliminates overheating and boiling of bitumen, which previously damaged the roof.

In addition, the equipment for infrared radiation is electrical (380 V power supply), which reduces the flammability of roofing rg due to the elimination of burners.
For the above method, the Beam bus is used.

In it, the materials are heated by infrared: by irradiation in a relatively closed cavity, with the body of the equipment. The surface of the material is heated no higher than 160°C, and tactlessly, and closed case eliminates sharp temperature fluctuations with the surrounding air.
The web of the roll is pressed tightly against the base by a multisectional roller. The surface layers are softened by 0.5-0.8 mm and forms! a roller of molten bitumen with a thickness of about 1 cm is placed. The roller moves ahead of the rolling womb, additionally smearing the base with a tone layer and filling all the irregularities in the base.

This method guarantees complete bonding at the molecular level.
First, the base is prepared: the screed is cleaned of dust and primed with a primer. The spreading of the primer material is 700-800 g per 1 m2 of OCHI. The end of the roll is loaded into the Luch machine, on the frame of which an infrared emitter and a pressure roller are mounted. The three heating elements facing the pressure roller are covered with a metal cover. The flow of radiant energy emitted by the emitter is directed to the place of contact between the base and the glued panel, the filament body is located 2-3 cm from the heated surfaces. Then infrared emitters are turned on, the machine warms up for 15-25 s, after which bitumen melts on the lower surface of the panel, which lasts 1-3 s, after which the installation is manually advanced along the rolled roll. The heated panel is pressed with a roller to the base, which is heated simultaneously with the panel. The degree of heating is controlled by the width of the strip of bitumen squeezed out from under the roll: the strip of flowing bitumen should be about 1 cm wide.

Due to the rapid surface heating, the covering layers soften only by 0.5-0.8 mm, i.e. only a small part of the binder mass is heated.

Heating and melting of the cover layer occurs only from the deposited side, on the other hand, the material remains unchanged. When the movement stops in the middle of the slope, the frame with the heating elements is turned up to prevent overheating of the material. The rolling time of a 10-meter roll is 3-10 minutes (depending on the modification of the machine and the season).

small installation"IKO-500" consists of only one heating element, mounted on a frame with a handle, by which the worker holds this device.

To connect each of these machines to an external network with a voltage of 380/220 V, a special electrical control panel is used. Shield weight 10 kg. Connection to the external network is carried out by cable type.KG. The control circuit is fed through a step-down transformer with a voltage of 36 V. The electrical panel provides for the connection of two units at the same time.
Particular attention should be paid to the following requirements.

It is forbidden:
. stick roofing materials in the presence of fire (the design of the machine and parts are not designed for such a high-temperature mode of operation);
. admit a large number of soot on insulators and conductive elements of the machine. Kokpot (i.e. coal) is an electrical conductor and leads to burnout of conductive equipment elements. Soot appears when bituminous materials ignite during the performance of work, which is possible only if the operator neglects his work;
. allow direct exposure of the track roller;
. allow shorting of the emitter elements to the body or to each other. This leads to the destruction of the emitters;
. work without a multilayer reflector included in the design of the machine;
. make repairs and touch current-carrying structural elements without turning off the circuit breaker. It is possible to independently turn on the equipment when the control wire is closed to the case;
. work on the equipment by untrained personnel.

On newly purchased equipment, check the tightness of all electrical contacts on the machine and on the electrical panel.
At each new facility, work should not be started without prior preventive maintenance of the equipment: you should wipe the soot from the machine with a soft brush and recheck the tightness of the electrical contacts (they loosen during operation from constant heating and cooling). Check the emitters for an interturn short circuit and the possibility of a short circuit to the case.
The use of the Luch machine is possible both on horizontal and vertical surfaces, which facilitates such a complex and painstaking thing as junctions.

The Luch heating unit, which is part of the roofing machine, consists of three heating elements. Disabling the middle element makes it possible to perform strip bonding of materials for the installation of a ventilated roof at no additional cost, which is important when repair work ah, with new construction in the cold season, in buildings with high humidity. Ventilated roofs do not form blisters and allow long time keep the insulation and screed dry.
"IKO-YUOO" is a lightweight version of the Luch machine. It is controlled by two workers, the technology of work does not differ from the one described above and allows gluing smooth bends of the roof and vertical sections.

"IKO-500" - a device weighing 6 kg and irradiator dimensions 25 × 35 cm. It is used in hard-to-reach places, for lining pipes, corners, etc. When working with it, the base is first heated, then the applied material (with visual control of heating va) and heated surfaces are pressed. All this happens without open fire.

To prepare the base in the infrared irradiation method, a roof regenerator RKL is used.
From the realm of fantasy: the use of infrared equipment RKL in the preparation of the base
not only allows the installation of a new roofing carpet on the old cake, but also significantly improves the properties of the latter. When drying the old coating, infrared rays regenerate and compress the layers of the old roof, restoring solidity and leveling the old coating. The allowable number of layers of the old coating is 10.
Security measures:
Persons who have reached the age of 18, who have studied all the technical documentation and are trained in handling the machine, as well as who have been instructed in technical ke security.
Before starting work, it is necessary to check the good condition of the protective earth.
The operator working on the machine must have an electrical safety group of at least the second.
It is not allowed to work if the insulation or control wire is damaged.
It is strictly forbidden to carry out any repair or other work on the machine without turning off the machine on the electrical control panel.

It is forbidden to work on the roof using any electrical equipment during precipitation.
It is necessary to constantly monitor the serviceability of the switch on the steering wheel, which should automatically turn off the machine when you remove your hands from the steering wheel.

If a malfunction or voltage on the case is found in the machine (it shocks), it is necessary to stop work and inform the work manager.
Responsibility and supervision over the safe operation of the machine are assigned to the person responsible for the electrical facilities and appointed by order.
For fire safety purposes, it is prohibited:
. work without an equipped fire station in the work area;
. store flammable liquids near the place of work.

At the end of the work, the electrical panel must be completely disconnected from the external network.
Infrared roofing machine type "Ray" is not subject to certification in the field of fire safety.
When performing roofing work with machines of the Luch type, in the field of safety, the rules in accordance with SNiP 12-03-99 "Labor safety in construction" should be observed.
Work with machines of the Luch type at explosive objects is allowed only with the permission of the relevant services.
Connection of "IKO-YUOO" or "IKO-500" to the electrical control panel of the roofing machine (to other electrical panels is strictly prohibited) is allowed only by electricians on duty or operators who have an electrical safety group not the second and only according to the electrical diagram attached to the passport.

It happens that the construction of a house reaches the finish line in late autumn. I don’t feel like mothballing the construction site until spring and postponing the longed-for move to a new house ...

And then there is nothing left but to build at a time when the cold has already set in.

Installation of the upper structure in winter period possible, but has its own characteristics.

The complexity of roofing work

Most traditional building materials crumble, break or bend poorly in frost, so preference should be given to modern ones.

They have good frost resistance, some are used at temperatures up to -55 degrees. But you need to handle them carefully.

Conduct roofing winter is difficult for several reasons. One of the main ones is that due to weather conditions, this is a more time-consuming process.

An additional difficulty is the short daylight hours. Competent lighting building sites can be a worthy way out of this situation, but this increases costs.

As practice shows, it still takes more time to build a roof compared to the summer period.

And not just because the sun is setting over the horizon too quickly. Periodically, surface cleaning is required, as well as roofers' breaks for heating.

The installation of the roof should be interrupted during the period of precipitation. But even on rainy autumn days, sometimes you have to wait a week, or even more, for acceptable weather conditions.

The best option is equipment over the entire structure of the building - it will protect against precipitation and reduce time.

In any case, it is necessary to strictly observe the laying technology, which differs from the summer version.

At the same time, the cost of work and roofing materials decreases in the off-season, it is easier to find contractors, so building a roof in winter can turn out to be profitable.

Building materials are stored in a warm room or in temporary structures consisting of a frame, sheltered - greenhouses. In greenhouses, the temperature is maintained with the help of heaters or heat guns.

Everything preparatory work it is necessary to carry out in places protected from adverse weather - internal rooms. Raise the elements to the roof immediately before installation.

The construction of the truss system

As for - one can even say that in winter time their installation has a number of advantages.

Cold has a positive effect on the tree:

bacteria and other pests die at low temperatures;
in frosty dry air, the tree becomes less humid.

In severe frosts - more than -20 degrees - it is not recommended to install a wooden truss system, as the wood becomes too brittle, and there is a high probability of damage.

The risk is not justified: it is better to wait for an increase to -15 degrees, and continue the construction with the calm confidence that the performance of the roof frame will not be affected.

Moreover, in central Russia, bitter frosts usually do not last for months.

We should also not forget about safety precautions on an ice-crusted and therefore slippery roof.

Roofing cake installation

The roof area is divided into sections. Work is not carried out simultaneously on several sites - only on one.

The most important point is to ensure the protection of materials from snow by covering them with insulating films.

Waterproofing should be treated with particular responsibility: in order to avoid its swelling, in no case should snow be allowed to fall on the waterproof layer.

Experts advise to use as a heater mineral wool with good hydrophobic properties. Loose, as well as tiled, it is recommended to dry.

It is better to use with the bottom foil layer.

In the spring, with the first rains, it will become known whether the roofing pie has passed the tightness test.

Metal tile flooring

Low temperatures are not terrible for this material. The quality of the roof from is not affected by the fact that it was laid in the cold season.

But for builders who are not too dexterous because of warm clothes, a strong wind can be dangerous - due to the large windage of the sheets.

The metal with polyurethane coating retains the greatest elasticity in the cold.

Installation of cement-sand and clay tiles

Traditionally considered the best roof covering.

A small number of pores ensures its excellent frost resistance, this coating withstands many freeze-thaw cycles without loss of performance. Installation can be carried out in winter, although this is a very laborious process.

A lot of weight in some ways will even play into the hands - for example, it will not be torn off by the wind. And the relatively small dimensions do not pose such a danger to installers as when laying large sheets metal tiles.

The device of a roof from a flexible tile

choose based on the indicator of flexibility on the beam, this value is indicated in the technical specifications.

The key to waterproofing the roof is laying the roofing material on a dry base.

In addition, sheets of plywood or boards used for sheathing will expand with the onset of the warm season, and therefore a gap of several millimeters must be left between them.

The material is fed in small portions and immediately placed. The tile for secure fastening on solid flooring is heated with heat building hair dryer to melt the bituminous layer.

Second half of November. V middle lane Climatic winter has come to Russia. The temperature in the daytime no longer exceeds +5 degrees Celsius, there are constant transitions through zero. In agriculture, there is such a generally accepted term - a zone of risky farming, but does our industry exist - a time of risky construction?

In this article, we will consider the features of installing such a “summer” roofing material as flexible tiles in the cold season, share our experience, and, of course,

We will dissuade you from winter installation shingles!

Interested?

Why buy flexible tiles in winter?

From year to year we observe purchases of shingles and bituminous components in the cold season. Yes, purchase volumes drop significantly with the onset of cold weather. However, sales continue even after the establishment of a permanent snow cover.

After interviewing our customers and visiting some objects, we found out:

Only 10% of those who bought the material did it in reserve, i.e. bought and stored before the onset of heat. The rest of the customers buy material for quick installation and no change in temperature stops them.

So, the bulk of customers buy flexible tiles for installation. Are there technologies that quality installation shingles at negative temperatures? Let's figure it out.

What do manufacturers of shingles think about winter installation?

In most installation instructions, you will find a paragraph stating that working with bituminous materials without any restrictions is possible at temperatures not lower than +5 degrees Celsius. If the temperature is lower, it is necessary to keep all bituminous materials (tiles, carpets, mastic) in a warm room before installation, take them to the roof as necessary, and use a building hair dryer to activate the adhesive strips on tiles and carpets.

Just one or two paragraphs for the range "from +5 degrees Celsius and below." And how much lower: minus 10 degrees, minus 15, minus 20?

Winter installation experiment by UNIKMA

It became interesting for us, and since we are used to checking the information we are interested in, as an experiment, in December 2016, the roofing was replaced on one of the models of the West customer service center.

The purpose of the experiment is to check the feasibility of the recommendations of the manufacturers of flexible tiles and to observe the roof throughout the year at different temperature conditions.

The stages of mounting the layout (December 2016) and its state at the time of the publication of the article (November 2017) are demonstrated.
Photos of the stages of work were taken before the development of recommendations for the winter installation of shingles.

The installation conditions were quite difficult and corresponded to real conditions on the object: wind, freezing rain, short daylight hours, the presence of complex nodes on the layout. We tried to make the installation as high quality as possible.

This experience allowed us to identify the most problematic areas during such installation, understand our mistakes and develop, in collaboration with our builders, recommendations for the winter installation of shingles, but more on that later.

Despite the fact that the work was carried out on a specific model of shingles, this experience allowed us to understand the main thing:

Firstly, the installation of flexible tiles in winter conditions is possible.
Secondly, and most importantly, the information provided in the manufacturer's instructions is clearly insufficient.

The lack of information about the features of winter installation forms the very time of risky construction. In these conditions, you have to rely only on the experience of the builder and hope that the weather and experience will allow you to build your roof well.

The main conclusion from our almost year-long research on this topic (installation of the model, monitoring it in the warm season, trips to inspect roofs, communication with construction teams) is very simple and at the same time very important:

If you want to get high-quality installation of shingles in winter, it will require much more effort, time and money than installation in summer, and the result will be less predictable.

More precisely, we can say that the labor intensity will almost double, while the summer result in terms of quality will not be achieved by 100%.

If the roof installation enters the winter season, preserve the object until spring!

For flexible tiles, it is best to preserve by covering the mounted solid crate with inexpensive roll material, for example, roofing felt, followed by the spring dismantling of such a temporary shelter. It is also possible to stop on a properly installed underlayment without having to remove it later. At the same time, it is worth noting that a solid crate (OSB) at any time of the year should be laid according to our recommendations, more on this in , and that not all lining carpets can serve as a temporary roof.

For some reason, you still decided to continue installing shingles in the winter?

If we have not convinced you, and you decide to winter montage shingles:

Make sure your qualifications construction team, in their experience of conducting such installation work. We are ready to help you with this;
Believe me, in such an installation, it is the experience and knowledge of the features of work in winter that will be the main components of success. Standard instructions are no help here;
Be sure to familiarize builders with
Monitor compliance with our recommendations.

The use of a soft roof in a private suburban construction is one of the hottest topics today. This material has many advantages. It has a low weight, high sound and heat insulation qualities, is resistant to corrosion, fungi and microorganisms, guarantees absolute tightness of the roof, gives it a very attractive appearance.

It can be used to cover roofs of a wide variety of configurations. In addition, soft roofing has a long service life and low cost. Another important advantage of this material is that during rain the noise level is quite low.

In addition to high technical and performance characteristics, soft roofing has another advantage: it is so easy to install that you can even handle the work on your own.

General characteristics and types of soft roofs

Soft roof- modern construction material, made on the basis of fiberglass sheets impregnated on both sides with rubber bitumen.

A distinctive property of rubber bitumen is a high degree of tightness and moisture resistance. It is these qualities that explain the popularity of this roof in modern construction. Soft roofing also contains a special dressing, which increases its wear resistance and does not allow the rolled coating to stick together.

This material is perfect choice for covering roofs with an inclination angle of less than 11 degrees.

Soft roofing includes flexible, or bituminous tiles, rolled, or membrane roofing.

Soft tiles

Soft flexible, or bituminous tiles are otherwise called piece soft roofing, roofing tiles, shingles, shingles. Perhaps this is the most common type of roof, which is an analogue of the ceramic variety of tiles.

Soft tile is a flat sheet with figured patterns cut out on one edge. The basis of soft tiles is non-woven pressed fiberglass, which can withstand heavy loads and is almost not subject to deformation. This type of tile is different forms: triangular, oval, hexagonal. Usually it has a size of 1x0.33 m.

One of the main advantages of soft tiles is the possibility of using them to cover roofs with domes and towers or unusually shaped roofs.

Roll roofing

The second name of this type of roof is bitumen-polymer. Often it becomes the only solution for roofing of agricultural buildings, reinforced concrete and brick buildings.

Roll roofing is made on the basis of fiberglass or a material of synthetic origin. This guarantees high waterproofing properties of the material.

The disadvantage of rolled roofing is its vapor permeability.

Since a burner is used when laying a rolled roof, it is necessary that the material does not burn, but melts. Otherwise, the installation cannot be of high quality.

Membrane roof

Another name for membrane roofing is PVC membrane roofing. It is a membrane made of TPO, EPDM and PVC.

One of key features technology of this type of roofing is that the seams are fixed with hot air, and this guarantees a high level of their strength. The membrane is attached mechanically with the help of additional adhesives. Fastening can also be carried out to the roof screed. Thanks to the membrane structure, strength, reliability of the blade and a long service life are guaranteed.

Required styling tools

Laying flexible roofing even one person can do it. For installation of a soft roof, the following materials and tools are required:

hammer;

sealant;

mastic;

roofing nails;

trowel for mastic;

ridge-cornice strip;

waterproofing carpet;

end and cornice strips;

work gloves.

Ventilation system device

aim ventilation system is to ensure free air circulation, which is necessary in order to prevent the formation of condensate in the lower segment of the base. Without good ventilation rafter system rotting processes may begin, and icicles or ice will form in winter.

The main parts of the roof ventilation system are outlets and air vents, gaps between the base and waterproofing of at least 5 mm in size. Provide natural ventilation possible through the device ventilation holes, evenly distributed under the eaves overhangs.

Installation of cornice strips

Cornice strips are made on the basis of metal and are attached to the lining on the overhangs of the cornices. They are necessary to protect the edges of the crate. Fastening is carried out using mounting nails, between which a 100 mm step must be maintained. In the places where the cornice strips are joined, an overlap of at least 20 mm in length must be made.

Installation of gable slats

Gable strips are also made of metal and fastened in the roof ends to the lining layer. Their main function is to protect the edge of the crate. Fastening is carried out similarly to the fastening of cornice strips.

Valley carpet

The purpose of the device of this element is to protect the roof from rain and snow. It is chosen according to the color of the tiles. Fastening is done with roofing nails. Overlaps should be carefully glued.

When performing installation, remember to remove the protective film from the bottom surface of the material. Cornice tiles are laid at a distance of 1 to 2 cm from the cornice edge along its overhang, clearly butt to butt.

Laying ordinary tiles

The process of laying the main part of the tile roof begins from the middle of the overhangs towards the ends. As a rule, 4 nails are used to fasten sheets. With a very steep roof slope or the presence of strong winds You must use at least 6 nails.

The installation of the first row is carried out in such a way that its edge is located at a distance of no more than 1 cm from the upper end of the cornice tiles.

The joints are covered with petals. When laying the next rows, it is necessary to ensure that the tips of the petals coincide with the level of the cutouts of the previous row. At the edges, bituminous tiles are cut and glued (to a width of at least 10 cm).

Before laying, it is necessary to mark the slopes with chalk - draw horizontal lines on them. This is necessary for accurate installation of sheets in an even row. In case of violation of the geometry of the slopes or installation on them additional elements(dormer windows, pipes), marking with chalk helps to align the rows.

Laying ridge tiles

To obtain a ridge tile, the cornice tile is cut into three parts at the perforation points. After that, it is laid with the short side on the skate parallel to it. Each of the parts must be nailed with four nails: two on each side. On top of the nails, at least a 5 cm overlap is made with the subsequent tile sheet.

Lining layer

In places of possible leaks, it is necessary to create a lining layer: at the ends, valleys, overhangs of cornices. During installation, it is necessary to observe the direction from the bottom up and the overlap: in the transverse direction it should be 10 mm, and in the longitudinal direction - 150 mm. Places of overlaps are smeared with bituminous mastic.

Skates and valleys are respectively reinforced by 250 and 500 mm. At the same time, the valleys are equipped with a lining layer on both sides, along the cornice overhangs and ends it is laid to a width of at least 400 mm.

The lining is nailed to the base every 200 mm using galvanized roofing nails. The purpose of the lining carpet is to protect against moisture, as well as from destruction if the process of laying a soft roof is suspended.

Preparatory work

The base for fastening a soft roof must certainly be solid. This is the main difference between installing a soft roof and laying roofs of other types.

For example, when installing a metal tile, a crate is made with gaps between the bars, since this is a rather rigid material. This distinguishes it from a soft type roof, for which it is necessary to arrange a solid foundation.

When choosing edged board it must be kept in a stack in advance so that it reaches a natural uniform level of moisture.

Boards are best purchased in the winter and used in the summer.

Their width should be no more than 100 mm. It is preferable that the material be of the same thickness and sawn into band saw. The maximum allowable wood moisture content is 20%.

The method of laying a soft type roof involves laying materials of this type with a shift of seams or apart. At the same time, a gap of 1 cm must be maintained between them. The surface must be smooth, dry, clean. The quality of the installation and the service life of the soft roof depend on these conditions.

A prerequisite is the presence of roofing cake the following layers: a waterproofing layer laid on the rafters, mounted with outside overlapping on the base of the waterproofing roofing carpet, and when planning the attic - insulation based on mineral wool.

Features of installation of a soft roof

Installation of a soft roof is best done in dry, warm weather. The minimum temperature for work is not lower than plus 5 degrees.

If it is necessary to carry out installation in the winter, before the start of work, the tiles must be kept in a room with room temperature. You can also use a hot air burner.

The need for a certain temperature regime associated with the specifics of the shingle, which is a sheet consisting of 3 or 4 tiles. It is attached to the surface with nails or a self-adhesive layer located on the inside.

Tightness of a roof based on tiles is ensured by exposure to natural heat sun rays. Under their influence, the sheets are soldered to the base and to each other. At low temperatures, this does not happen, so it is not possible to achieve high-quality insulation.

When installing a soft roof, you should use tiles from 5-6 packages at the same time, while choosing one element at a time: this will allow you to avoid significant differences in shades if it is necessary to repair the roof using elements from another package.

This quality is another advantage of this material: a slight overflow of colors and shades greatly facilitates the replacement of tiles and gives its matte surface a more beautiful look.

How to choose a mask?

When laying the top layer of a soft type roof, it is necessary to use a special bitumen-polymer material, which makes it possible to create an elastic continuous coating that can withstand mechanical and thermal deformations of the base.

According to the soft roof installation technology, in order to attach the rolled material to the roof, cold and hot mastics must be used.

As a rule, cold mastics are used for the device of the inner layers of the roof, and hot - for the outer coating.

The category of cold mastics includes bitumen and roofing material, and hot - roofing felt and tar. The composition used must necessarily contain bitumen, a dusty mixture or a fiber-based filler. From pulverized materials, gypsum, lime and ash should be distinguished.

Preparation of bituminous mastic

Bituminous mastic can be purchased ready-made, or you can cook it yourself. To do this, you need to take bitumen and filler. By mixing two parts of bitumen and diesel fuel and one part of the filler, you can get a cold mixture. In one boiler, it is necessary to prepare diesel fuel and filler, and in the other, heat bitumen (its temperature should be brought to 180 degrees). After complete evaporation of the liquid from the bitumen, the contents of both boilers are mixed.

To make hot paste you need a boiler. In it, the bitumen is heated up to 200 degrees. In the process of heating, a filler is added to it. It is very important to ensure that during the procedure the temperature does not fall below 160 degrees.

To check the quality of the mastic, it is heated to 60 degrees and laid at an angle of 45 degrees. If the coating flows down, then its quality does not meet the requirements. If the mastic does not drain, you must wait for it to dry. If the material is of high quality, then cracks will not form on it.

The process of laying a soft roof

Immediately before the start of laying, you need to walk along wooden surface a solution of bitumen and diesel fuel. Then you need to start covering with mastic. This should be done slowly.

At the end of this process, it is necessary to proceed to the laying of glassine and roofing material. Installation starts from the middle part of the eaves and moves towards the ends - to the right and left. Before laying on the wrong side of the soft tile, it is necessary to remove the film to protect the adhesive.

When using cold mastic after applying the layer, you must wait 12 hours. If hot mastic is used, the layers can be applied one after the other.

All details of the roof must be nailed with 4-6 nails.

The instruction for laying a soft type roof requires that an overlap of 7 to 10 cm be made during the installation of the rolls.

In all cases, without exception, it is necessary to observe the basic rule of imposition: lay each top row in such a way that the joints of the previous one are closed. Depending on their number, the next new layer is displaced: with two layers it is displaced by half, with three - by 1/3. After that, the excess is cut off at the edges and glued with mastic.

At quality styling modern soft roofing materials can last about 30 years.

Laying roofing material near ventilation pipes

Roof sections located around pipes and antennas require correct insulation of joints and careful fixing of the material. The installation process is greatly facilitated by the use of through elements. Without these components, the tightness of the coating is broken.

Places for installation of ventilation and pipes should be noted even before the laying of tiles.

After that, holes are cut. The edges of the underlayment will be glued around them with mastic. The upper surface of the carpet should be smeared along the contours of the parts that will need to be glued and nailed. The tile is laid on top of the mastic.

The junction points of the upper part of the passage part and the shingles must be treated with a sealant. Having reached the ridge line, it is necessary to use special ridge elements of a soft roof. They are bent over the ridge, glued on it and nailed with nails.

Repair work

The frequency of repairs is directly dependent on the base on which the tiles were installed, as well as on the price of laying a soft type roof.

Wood lumber, concrete and cement screed react differently to soft roofing, which causes certain damage.

Cleaning the damaged area

Before starting work, it is necessary to decide whether there is a general need for such work and in what form they should be performed. For this purpose, a damage assessment is carried out. When holes are formed in roll coatings, they will need to be filled with mastic. In this case, it is necessary to observe the sequence of materials used for this purpose.

Repair roll roofing is possible only on a completely clean area, which is very problematic, since roofing material there is a special dressing. Therefore, before starting repair work, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the required area.

The crumb is removed using process oil. When cleaning roofing, it is better to use anthracene oil, and for roofing material - solar oil. These products remove the powder and soften the surface for further work.

Repair

Having prepared the site, you can proceed to the main work. If the flaws are small, then it is recommended to use a simple mastic with a patch. This solution will not work if all roofing layers are pierced.

If several layers are damaged, then the area should be cleaned of the old layer of mastic and dried. Then a mastic mixture is prepared with sawdust or sand. All damage is puttied with this mixture to level the edges. From all ends of the patch, the mastic should go at least 10 cm.

To apply the mixture in hard-to-reach places, use a conventional spatula. If a water bubble appears in the roof, then the repair is carried out in the same way as with a conventional hole. In this case, the main task is to determine the source from which the water comes.

If cracks appear, the roofing layer must be cut to the bottom edge. After that, debris and mastic are cleaned, and then the site is dried and filled with new mastic. For small cracks, incisions can be omitted. They are closed with a patch and mastic. When small cracks appear throughout the area, it must be prepared and covered with a layer of heated mastic.

Powder recovery

After completing the repair, you should restore the layer of dressing. This is necessary to prevent overheating and melting of the mastic layer. It is necessary to level the surface and cover with a layer of sand. The excess topping that has not stuck to the roof will be removed over time.

CONCLUSIONS:

Soft roofing is very popular due to its lightness, tightness and affordable price.

Soft types of roofs include soft tiles, rolled and membrane roofs.

Prior to installation, a ventilation system must be installed.

In places where leaks are possible, it is necessary to mount a lining layer.

Before starting the installation, it is necessary to prepare the base.

For achievement of tightness of a covering of work it is better to carry out in dry warm weather.

To attach the rolled material to the roof, cold and hot mastic is used.

To maintain the tightness of the soft roof, it is necessary to properly isolate the skirmishes near the ventilation pipes, and to fix the material very carefully.

The frequency of repair of a soft roof largely depends on the quality of the installation of the base.

You can learn more about the technology of laying a soft roof from a training video.