Natural ventilation in a log house. Features of ventilation in a wooden house. Types of ventilation by purpose and coverage

Not so long ago, the owners of wooden houses did not know the headache about the ventilation system (SV) - air exchange took place naturally through the cracks between the crowns, leaking doors and windows. Today, with the improvement of construction technology, many weak points of timber buildings are eliminated by qualified specialists, modern windows and doors impede the natural flow of air into the house. It turns out that having partially resolved the issue of reducing heat losses, one has to think about the ventilation device of a house from a bar.

Variants of ventilation systems used in houses from a bar

Let's make a reservation right away that the design and installation of ventilation systems should be carried out by qualified specialists. This is especially appropriate when installing complex recirculation systems that reduce heat losses during air exchange. Stopping your choice on this option, it is worthwhile to separately provide for the location of the equipment, because its dimensions can be great - the nuances of the sea. A place in the attic or a separate room is allocated for him. It is also necessary to understand that ventilation and heating in a house from a bar, as in fact, in any residential building are interrelated concepts that should be considered comprehensively. Below we have given a small plate with a brief description of the main ventilation options used for wooden houses.

Types of ventilation used in timber houses

Inducing air movement	Features of functioning	Short description	Dignity	disadvantages
Natural	supply and exhaust	Ventilation of the premises of the house is carried out without the use of special equipment. Air exchange occurs due to the difference in weight of cold and warm air, provided there are ventilation holes or due to open windows, etc.	Simplicity, low device and maintenance costs. Ideal for small log country houses	Inability to control air exchange, high heat losses. The presence of drafts or, on the contrary, stagnation of air due to the tightness of window and door blocks
Forced	supply	Air supply or exhaust is carried out artificially using ventilation equipment (fans)	Possibility of pre-filtration of incoming air and regulation of air exchange in individual rooms. Relatively low cost	Large heat losses, dependence of the system on power supply, noise from the operation of fans
	exhaust		Air exchange control. Low cost	The same as for the supply air + impossibility of additional air purification
	supply and exhaust with recuperator	The most perfect type of ventilation system for a log house. In the recuperator, heat is transferred from the exhaust air to the air supplied to the house	Energy efficiency, air quality and volume control. Such systems are most often mounted in large two-story timber houses.	Expensive installation and maintenance. Requires additional space for equipment installation. Noise problems

As we have already said, modern windows and doors, as well as the technologies for their installation, are an almost impenetrable barrier that prevents air from entering the house from the outside. To correct the situation, windows are installed, in the design of which an infiltrator is built-in - an adjustable ventilation opening for air flow. There is another approach, when the supply valves are installed directly into the hole in the wall.

Ventilation in a house from a bar is arranged in such a way that the air flows from a cleaner room, for example, a bedroom, living room, to wet ones, such as a kitchen, a bathroom. The main requirement for ventilation systems is the unhindered movement of air from the supply elements to the exhaust ones, i.e. avoiding the formation of places with a stagnant microclimate. For this, for example, there are cracks under the interior doors. Another option is the use of transfer grids and ventilation openings connecting the individual rooms.

Errors made when constructing a ventilation system

A competent approach implies that the SV device will be thought out at the stage of designing a house from a bar. But in Russian realities, when every penny counts, everything happens "through the most unusual places" - the developer thinks about ventilation at the very last moment. The minimum complete set of the heating system should include at least ventilation ducts in wet rooms. Let's list some errors associated with the installation of CB elements:

the natural draft in the ventilation ducts is influenced by both the height of the chimney above the roof and the shape of the roof slope. Long pipe exits do not look aesthetically pleasing, and short ones can lead to the creation of reverse thrust. The complex geometry of the roof can affect the change in the trajectory of the movement of air flows, which will reduce the efficiency of the ventilation system of a house from a bar;
in most cases, natural ventilation works worse in the warm season, especially for large buildings. Therefore, it is necessary to provide for forced air exchange in houses for permanent residence;
it is better to avoid the installation of a common ventilation duct for the bathroom and other premises, because any disruptions in the work of the SV will immediately affect the comfort of living;
ventilation openings must be at least 150 mm from the ceiling. This is the only way to ensure effective natural air exchange, regardless of the room temperature.

conclusions

From all of the above, it can be seen that the ventilation system in any residential building is not an easy thing. If for a country house everything is more or less transparent, then for large cottages it is better to play it safe and make a normal SV project. But it is quite possible to do the installation work on your own.

Ventilation is an essential attribute of a modern private house. Fresh air has a positive effect on health and mental activity, gives the body vigor and energy. The cleanliness of the country air itself prompts the organization of a microclimate control system in the house.

Ventilation in a wooden house is designed to solve the same problems as in any other room - the removal of air saturated with carbon dioxide, the flow of oxygen, and the provision of a comfortable temperature and humidity regime. However, the process itself is superimposed on the features of the material from which the building was erected.

Do you need ventilation in a wooden house

The question posed is reasonable, because the tree, as you know, breathes (this process is called infiltration). Previously, the owners of wooden houses completely dispensed with the installation of ventilation systems. However, there are significant differences between the situation of the past and today:

modern requirements for the arrangement of a ventilation system in a wooden house have increased;
there are no cracks in the windows and doors, and there is usually no stove in the house itself, the chimney of which served as a ventilation duct;
now, in construction and decoration, materials with low air and vapor permeability are often used (polystyrene, vinyl wallpaper, reflective thermal insulation);
before, the lifestyle was distinguished by activity, and the amenities were in the yard, which implied repeated opening and closing of doors during the day;
the air has become more polluted.

It is also worth noting that ventilation in a house made of laminated veneer lumber is worse compared to a log house due to a decrease in infiltration.

If the air exchange does not have time to remove the humid and polluted air in full, unpleasant odors, excess moisture accumulate in the house, and the windows fog up. Poor ventilation affects well-being and causes discomfort. At constant elevated temperature and humidity, a favorable environment is formed for the development of mold, the wood rots.

Design

The ventilation calculations are based on the norms of the current GOST and SNiPs. The required air flow rate, pipe dimensions, type of valves depend on the following parameters:

the volume of the room;
number of residents, including regular guests;
availability of equipment (fuel boilers, stoves, etc.);
the purpose of the room;
number of storeys;
climate.

Natural or forced ventilation can be arranged in a wooden house.

Natural ventilation

With natural ventilation, air circulates freely in the room under the influence of natural forces. Due to the rise of warm air up in the room, a reduced pressure is created, cold air from the street rushes into the house.

The process occurs haphazardly, through open windows, doors, cracks, or through a natural ventilation system. In the latter case, air enters the house through the supply unit or supply valve and leaves it through specially designed exhaust ducts, as well as through the chimneys of stoves and fireplaces, if any. In addition, in the natural ventilation of a wooden house, there is the previously mentioned infiltration - air seepage through wooden walls.

The draft of natural ventilation is directly proportional to the following parameters:

hood height;
temperature difference inside and outside the house;
pipe diameter.

The air flow can be adjusted by the position of the glass unit handle. Such an organization of natural ventilation is suitable for the warm season; it is not recommended to use it in winter. With high humidity in the house and low temperatures outside, frost will form on the rubber bands and it will be difficult to close the window.

There is one common mistake associated with designing an exhaust duct. When installing ventilation in a wooden house with their own hands, install a hood with horizontal sections and bends. In a natural ventilation system, unlike forced ventilation, such a ventilation duct does not work well.

The natural ventilation system is simple and cheap, does not require operating costs, but depends on weather conditions - temperature, atmospheric pressure and wind strength. In winter, this ventilation works very well due to the large temperature difference between the outside and the room. In summer, the system works worse, and at a higher temperature in the house compared to the street, reverse draft occurs, through the hood, warmer air flows back into the room. To prevent this from happening, a check valve is installed in the hood.

Forced ventilation

If the power of natural ventilation is not enough, for example, during a hot period or with a large number of inhabitants of the house, then forced ventilation is connected. Here, the fan creates the draft in the ventilation duct, the system does not depend on weather conditions. Due to infiltration, a wooden house needs a fan of less power than a brick or concrete block house.

The fan is installed either only on the exhaust, or on the supply and exhaust. In the latter case, the power of the exhaust device should be less than that of the supply unit, so as not to create a vacuum in the room.

Compared to natural forced ventilation, it is more reliable, but more expensive, requires electricity and regular maintenance.

Types of ventilation by purpose and coverage

Functionally, ventilation includes three types. The first one (supply air) provides fresh air flow. Exhaust air removes exhaust air, excess moisture, unpleasant odors. Supply and exhaust combines the two previous types.

In terms of the area of operation, ventilation can be general, when it extends to the entire room, or local - it operates in a limited area (hood over the kitchen stove).

Ventilation of premises

For effective air exchange, ventilation in a wooden house is installed evenly, that is, distributed over the entire area. The supply of fresh air is done in the living rooms. The exhaust valve must be installed in dirty rooms, with humid air or unpleasant odors.

The list of rooms in which it is necessary to make individual exhaust ducts:

kitchen;
bathroom;
bathroom;
laundry;
wardrobe, pantry or utility room without windows;
underground;
garage;
boiler room.

It is desirable that each living room also has its own exhaust duct. In rooms with a very high level of humidity (bath, sauna), a moisture-proof hood is installed.

Supply valves are installed in windows, built into walls, the volume of supplied air is regulated by the movement of the damper. It is convenient to place valves under the windowsill above the heating radiators to heat the air.

Advice! For an additional channel of air access to the room, it is recommended to buy double-glazed windows with micro-ventilation.

A distance for the hood is left under the door or an overflow valve is placed in the door. The opening of the hood is placed on the ceiling so that the incoming air flow crosses the entire room.

There are systems that can be programmed for different operating modes, for example, at night, during the day, and to quickly restore a comfortable microclimate in the house.

Features of the kitchen, bathroom, underground

A local hood in the form of an umbrella is installed above the kitchen stove. To save energy and not to create unnecessary noise, it is turned on only during cooking, so a common kitchen ventilation duct is also necessary.

In the sewage system, gases that are dangerous to well-being are collected, destroying communications. The path of gas flow from the sewer to the bathroom is blocked by a water seal. So that when draining the pressure level remains unchanged, and gases and unpleasant odors do not accumulate in the toilet, the sewer riser is connected to the hood. The outlet of the hood from the bathroom is done on the roof. When the hood is installed in the wall, the smells from the toilet get from the street back into the house through windows, doors and supply valves.

Advice! It is generally not recommended to remove the hood through the wall due to the low height of the ventilation duct and, accordingly, the low draft of natural ventilation.

The organization of ventilation of the underground is necessary to prevent rotting of wooden floors, lower rims and wetting of the insulation. The subject of fierce discussions among professionals remains the need for a vent in the basement.

To save heat, a recuperator is used - a device that heats incoming air out in a heat exchanger.

Condensation control

If the temperature difference is large inside and outside, the outgoing air can settle on the pipe in the form of condensation and flow downwards. To minimize the loss of condensate, the air ducts are thermally insulated and placed in a common box with pipes of a heating boiler, stove or fireplace. Thermal insulation increases traction.

Another way to deal with condensate is to install a condensate drain. In old ventilation systems, an otter was made - a thickening to cool warm air before going outside.

Pipes in sight are masked in the following ways:

hide behind suspended and stretch ceilings;
put away in decorative boxes;
built into furniture;
order an individual pipe design.

Recently, systems have been in demand, consisting of a large number of air ducts of a small cross-section, in contrast to the traditional main one. They are connected to one large air handling unit located in the utility room and connected to a manifold.

Roof ventilation

If the waterproofing of the roof is violated, moisture collects in the under-roof space. If there is no ventilation in the attic, moisture accumulates in the rafter structures, mold develops and destroys the wood.

When installing roof ventilation, overhangs are made with slots into which the required volume of air could flow. Roof ventilation elements are mounted on the roof or ridge. Due to the pressure difference, the air flow rushes from the overhangs up to the ventilation outlets, which give way to the air saturated with moisture and put a barrier on the way of atmospheric precipitation penetration under the roof. Roof ventilation increases the life of the entire roof of a wooden house.

Roof exits

At the exit from the roof, the exhaust pipes are combined into a common rectangular ventilation duct. The common box can be replaced with separate short ventilation outlets, almost invisible on the roof.

To increase traction, a special cap is installed over the pipe - a deflector. With a crosswind or air currents rising from the ground upwards, it creates a vacuum and works as an injector. The deflector protects the pipe from outside rainfall, birds, and other large objects.

There are technical requirements for the height of the canal in relation to the level of the ridge, which must be observed. This is necessary so that the top of the pipe is accessible for wind blowing from any side and there is always a draft in the ventilation duct.

Checking system operation

Clogged ventilation duct impairs ventilation. To check the hood, windows and doors are opened. A standard sheet of paper is attached to the ventilation grill. If it sticks, then the ventilation is functioning normally and the reason for the lack of traction is a lack of air flow. If the sheet does not attract, then the ventilation duct is clogged with dirt that has settled on the walls and trapped debris.

Using an anemometer, the air flow rate is measured, the volume of passing air is calculated and checked against the standards. If condensation occurs, it is recommended to check the draft and the thermal insulation of the ventilation pipes.

Errors in the design of the ventilation system are fraught with alterations, which can result in a round sum. Accurately performed calculations are a guarantee of long-term preservation of the market value of the house and ensuring the comfort of its owners and guests.

Ventilation is one of the factors that ensure a comfortable living in a home. Thanks to ventilation, exhaust air flows, including carbon dioxide, vapors, and foreign odors, escape from the building. Instead, fresh air enters the house.

Types of ventilation

Ventilation systems are classified into two types and one intermediate type:

natural air exchange;
forced air exchange;
combined devices (combination of natural and exhaust motivation).

Each of the listed varieties is characterized by both advantages and disadvantages. If the building is located in an environmentally friendly area, a naturally motivated device is the best choice. However, if the air in the environment is polluted, it is better to opt for a forced ventilation system.

Natural air exchange

Natural motivation is the traditional way of air exchange in the home. The air inflow is carried out through slots and openings in the building elements of the building, and the exhaust is carried out through the ventilation ducts located in the kitchens and sanitary facilities. Draft occurs due to the difference between the temperature and pressure levels inside and outside the building.

Note! Air ducts must not be laid horizontally or at an angle. Excessive unevenness of the duct leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the ventilation system.

Diagram of air movement in a wooden house

Advantages of natural ventilation:

The cost of the system is low
Installation is not a big effort.
A properly installed system will allow regulating heat exchange in all rooms of the building, even where there are no heating devices (corridor, stairwells, etc.).
First of all, clean air enters the premises where it is most needed (living room, bedroom).
An optimal microclimate is ensured in the premises, since ventilation allows you to achieve a comfortable level of humidity.

Disadvantages of natural ventilation:

There is no way to regulate the intensity of air flows, it is difficult to deal with drafts and dust penetration into the room.
There is also a problem with heat leaks. In winter and summer, air exchange becomes more active, but in spring and summer, stagnant phenomena are observed in the interior. Artificial injection with the help of fans can correct the situation, but this does not solve the problem of heat loss in winter.
Houses made of laminated veneer lumber are airtight. Therefore, it is impossible for air to enter the room through the building gaps. The situation can be corrected by applying supply wall valves.

Note! Ventilation ducts are installed in kitchen and sanitary rooms, as well as storage rooms. It is desirable that these rooms are located close to each other, then the system can be connected into a single circuit. Separate hoods are required for boiler rooms and fireplace rooms.

Forced ventilation

Forced injection of air masses has a number of advantages over natural ventilation. Such a system is more efficient and independent of weather conditions. Forced ventilation is the only option if the air in the environment is polluted. Due to filtration, only clean air, devoid of unpleasant odors, will penetrate into the premises.

Types of forced ventilation:

monoblock device;
typesetting device.

Monoblock supply and exhaust systems are ideal for small buildings as they are compact. All the main components of such a device (including a heater, humidifiers, filters, recuperator) are located inside a soundproofed housing. As a result, the low-noise unit can be placed close to living quarters.

Type-setting systems include air ducts, an exhaust and supply device, an air heater, filters, humidifiers, noise insulation. The principle of operation of such a system consists in the selection of air for treatment from the street with a supply fan. The air is filtered, heated or cooled to the desired temperature, and then supplied to the premises.

Exhaust air ducts are directed from the kitchen, sanitary facilities, boiler rooms and other similar rooms, forming a single system with access to the attic. For camouflage, air channels are laid under a suspended or stretch ceiling.

Combined ventilation

In addition to the exhaust system, natural ventilation can be provided. The latter is used only if necessary, when the exhaust system does not fully cope with its functions. Combined devices are recommended for installation in cases where polluted air masses dominate in the room (kitchen, sanitary-technical unit, boiler room).

Ground floor

The creation of a plinth requires increased costs, but in the end it gives a significant additional area. Usually, in houses made of laminated veneer lumber, basements are not provided, however, if desired, they can be created.

A ventilation system is compulsory for the base / plinth. Both forced and natural ventilation methods are used. Natural ventilation is carried out through vents, when every 2-3 meters there is an opening for air exchange. If the building is located in a low-lying area, a higher air density is envisaged. The inlet is made under the ceiling and the pipe goes out to the roof.

If the ventilation system is in good working order, its operation is almost invisible. However, as soon as the air movement is disrupted, it becomes noticeable: condensation appears on the walls, the air in the building becomes damp, the well-being of the residents worsens due to a lack of oxygen. Therefore, you need to take care of the creation of ventilation ducts even at the stage of creating a project at home.

From the author: Hello, friends! A wooden house is the dream of many, because it is environmentally friendly, cozy and beautiful. In addition, everyone knows that the tree "breathes", thereby creating a wonderful microclimate in the home. But this knowledge often leads to one delusion that can negate all the pleasure of living.

The "breathing" properties of wood make many people doubt whether it is necessary from a bar. On the one hand, the question is quite justified - after all, air is already circulating successfully right through the walls. The builders hired to erect such a structure often contribute to the doubts that arise. From them you can often hear that it is enough to just cut a hole in one of the walls, insert a pipe there - and supposedly everything will be fine with the movement of air.

As a rule, builders distributing such advice are either low-skilled or very limited in time and budget, so they do not want to bother with the arrangement of the ventilation system. In fact, it is necessary.

What is ventilation for?

In principle, if you take as an example an old wooden house, which was built by your great-grandfather, then in fact it may turn out that ventilation is not needed there at all. There are several reasons for this:

old wood has already dried out, so air circulation occurs due to the cracks formed in the walls;
double-glazed windows in wooden frames do not greatly impede the flow of fresh air;
in old wooden houses, as a rule, there is a Russian stove, which is responsible not only for heat, but also for air exchange.

But if we talk about modern log houses, then there is a completely different picture. Firstly, many modern technologies are aimed at making the house warm. Therefore, the structure of the timber is made much more dense due to various adhesive joints and the like. In addition, the walls are often covered with a sealing material, on top of which the finish is also installed. It is clear that there is no longer any talk of "breathing" here.

Secondly, if earlier the windows were made of wood and glass, now plastic double-glazed windows are most often installed. No doubt, they perfectly keep warmth in the house, and at the same time protect from street noise. But their tightness leads to the fact that air circulation can be carried out only when the window is open. And in winter, for example, when everything is tightly shut, there is no such possibility of air exchange.

The listed factors indicate that in modern houses from a bar there are very few opportunities for high-quality natural air exchange. What can this lead to? One of the consequences is a constantly high level of humidity. In this case, excess water from the air is absorbed by the walls of the house. And we all know that a tree that is constantly moistened begins to rot, mold appears in it, and as a result, the structure will gradually collapse.

In principle, modern technologies make it possible to produce timber impregnated with various substances that repel moisture, prevent the formation of fungus, etc. But the problem is that they clog the pores of the material, making it absolutely airtight and not "breathable". Therefore, in a house made of such a bar, provided there is no additional ventilation, it will be stuffy all the time. And unpleasant smells will not keep you waiting.

Varieties of ventilation systems

From the previous point, it becomes clear that the presence of a ventilation system in a log house is a prerequisite for a comfortable stay. The only question is how to arrange it. Moreover, many people prefer to do it with their own hands in order to avoid additional costs for the services of a master. In addition, everything that you have equipped with your own hands has a much higher value and reliability.

In order for a regular change of air masses to occur over the entire area of the building, the house is equipped with ventilation. Her work ensures the creation of a beneficial indoor climate. In addition, a do-it-yourself ventilation device allows you to increase the service life of the housing construction itself.

Ventilation in a wooden house before and now.

When a wooden structure was built in the past, it was provided with natural ventilation. The inflow of fresh air took place with the help of cracks that were formed during the installation of doors and windows. Natural extraction was carried out through the chimney... It was laid out from natural bricks, sand, clay. The wood material itself had good breathability. Thus, when there was a contrast between pressure and temperature, which were noted inside and outside the house, natural ventilation was ensured.

Therefore, the greatest air circulation occurred when the thermometer was negative.

Now it is performed using slightly different technologies and using different materials. Therefore, a do-it-yourself ventilation device in a wooden house is an important stage in the construction of a house. Plastic window structures do not provide building with the necessary air supply.

Some finishing materials do not have sufficient breathability. As a result, the interior will be practically airtight. The fact that due to this there is no leakage of thermal energy is a positive point. The disadvantage of such buildings is the lack of fresh air and the inability to get rid of the polluted one. You can, of course, equip forced ventilation. But it needs power and makes some noise. The most economical and quiet option is a natural ventilation device.

How ventilation is done

The development of a natural ventilation system is carried out when the design of the building is carried out. Its exhaust tunnels are placed in the walls of the structure. The effectiveness of natural ventilation is ensured by observing the rules for its arrangement:

It is desirable to lead the air duct to the roof of the building. The higher the outlet point of the duct, the better the draft. And the natural air exchange in the premises is more efficient.
In order for the resistance of air movement through the duct to be minimal, for its arrangement it is necessary carefully choose the material... Its cross-section should be the same along its entire length, and the inner surfaces should be sufficiently smooth.
Performing a ventilation device in a wooden house with your own hands, you can use ready-made channel blocks. Thanks to them, the installation of the system is simple and fast.
To ensure access to the ventilation ducts during maintenance, the system must equip with observation windows... On the side of the premises, holes are made in the walls of the channel, which are closed with a grill.

Important points when arranging ventilation

During operation, the ventilation system needs regular cleaning. This is what viewing windows are for.

Wooden buildings are provided with fresh air ventilation through micro-slots formed during the construction process. If this is not enough, supply ventilation is done in the same way as exhaust ventilation. In this case, the fresh air intake is equipped at the first.