Communication is the most important features of Hmao cities. The main thing about the region

In written sources, Khanty-Mansiysk was first mentioned as the town of Prince Samara in the "Chronicle of the Siberian Brief Kungurskaya" (1583). In the late 1620s - early 1630s, the coachman Samarovsky pit was founded (the future village of Samarovo, now the region of Khanty-Mansiysk where the river port and pier are located).

In 1675 Nikolai Gavrilovich Spafari Milescu (a Moscow envoy who was traveling with the embassy to China) became the first traveler to visit Samarovo.

In 1708 Samarovo became part of the Siberian province.

On July 2, 1740, Professor Liel and his companion Konigsfeld established an observatory on Samarovskaya Gora and made a number of observations.

In 1748, the first census of the Yamsk population of Russia was carried out. According to its results, 487 drivers lived in Samarovo. In the administrative-postal language, Samarovo was called Samarovskiy Yam, a settlement in the Siberian province of the Tobolsk province, in the Tobolsk discrete on the eastern bank of the Irtysh.

In 1808-1816, a stone church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos was built in Samarovo.

In 1935, the village of Samarovo merged with the new administrative center under construction Ostyako-Vogulsky, the capital of the Ostyako-Vogulsky national district.

Culture and art

In Khanty-Mansiysk, the only Park of Slavic Literature and Culture in Russia and the world, Victory Park with the Alley of Heroes, Boris Losev Park, Samarovsky Chugas Natural Park, 6 public libraries with a book fund of about 300 thousand copies, 5 state museums (among them the oldest county museum - Museum of Nature and Man, open-air museum "Torum Maa") and an art gallery of the Generation Foundation with 352 thousand club institutions (CDC and Orpheus for 120 seats), 3 theaters (Ob-Ugric peoples, a puppet theater and Ugra-Classic), a center of culture and folk crafts, an Arts Center for gifted children of the North with two concert halls for 800 and 120 seats, a cultural and leisure center for students with 67 seats, entertainment centers "Territory of the First" with a bowling center for 75 seats.

One of the attractions of Khanty-Mansiysk is the "Archeopark" located along Obyezdnaya Street at the foot of the Samarovsky outlier.

Since 2003, at the end of winter, the city traditionally hosts the International Festival of Cinematic Debuts "Spirit of Fire". Film director Sergei Soloviev is the president and ideological inspirer of the festival.

The newspapers “Novosti Yugra” (in Russian), “Khunts yasӑӈ” (in Khanty) and “Lӯima seripos” in Mansiysk, “Samarovo-Khanty-Mansiysk”, “My city without censorship”, AiF-Yugra, Gorod.hm are published , Ugra Express.

Khanty-Mansiysk is the diocesan center of the Khanty-Mansiysk and Surgut dioceses. There are three churches: the Church of the Sign, the Church of the Resurrection of Christ, the Church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos. According to the website of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, three different religious organizations are registered at the addresses of all three churches.

Economy

There are over 1800 organizations and enterprises in the city. The largest: LLC Gazpromneft-Khantos, OJSC Khantymansiyskgeofizika, CJSC Nazymskaya oil and gas exploration expedition, CJSC Varyeganneftespetsstroy, OJSC Khanty-Mansiyskoe construction management, OJSC Severrechflot, OJSC Uralsvyazinform, OJSC Khantymansiysk ".

Trade and public catering is one of the important sectors of the Khanty-Mansiysk economy. In total, the city has 16 trading houses and centers, 385 stores of various specializations, 62 trade pavilions, 18 kiosks, 1 mixed market for the sale of food and industrial goods, 20 restaurants, 66 cafes and bars, 32 canteens, 25 buffets and snack bars.

In recent years, credit, financial and banking activities have developed significantly. The city has branches and offices of such Russian banks as VTB 24, Gazprombank, Zapsibkombank, Bank "Let's Go!" The state insurance company "Yugoria" also operates.

Transport

In the 1970s, a runway was built, which is still in use today. In 2002, the construction of a new terminal was completed. In 2004, the Khanty-Mansiysk airport received international status. UTair Aviation JSC is registered in Khanty-Mansiysk - the main air carrier of goods and passengers from Khanty-Mansiysk and Khanty-Mansiysk.

In 1996, the construction of a federal highway was completed, which connected Khanty-Mansiysk with the rest of the large cities of the Tyumen region (Surgut, Nefteyugansk, Tyumen). In 2004, the construction of a road bridge across the Irtysh was completed, thanks to which the city received reliable communication with Nyagan and other cities in the western part of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. In 2010, a road was opened through the village of Gornopravdinsk, which reduced the distance to Tyumen by 300 kilometers.

The pier on the Irtysh River is located 12-16 km from its confluence with the Ob River. Passenger ships provide communication between the city and many towns and villages of the district, as well as with Tobolsk, Omsk and Salekhard.

The nearest railway station - Pyt-Yakh - is located 248 kilometers from Khanty-Mansiysk. After the opening of a new road through Gornopravdinsk, the nearest railway station was - Demyanka - 238 km.

General information about the district
The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug was formed by the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of December 10, 1930 "On the organization of national associations in the areas of settlement of small peoples of the North" and was part of the Ural region. The first name of the region is Ostyako-Vogulsky national district.

Geographical position. Borders of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra
Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra is located in the center of the West Siberian Lowland. Its territory stretches from west to east for almost 1,400 km, from north to south - for 900 km. The length of the borders is 4,733 km. The district covers an area of ​​534.8 thousand square meters. km.

Territorial organization

On the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra, 105 municipalities have been created (9 districts, 13 urban districts, 26 urban and 57 rural settlements) and 195 settlements are located:

16 cities (of which 14 are endowed with the status of "city of district significance")

24 urban-type settlements

58 villages

52 villages.

The administrative center of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra - is the city of Khanty-Mansiysk.

Initially, when the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug was formed in 1930 as part of the Ural Region, Ugra was divided into 6 districts: Berezovsky, Kondinsky, Laryaksky, Samarovsky, Surgutsky, Shuryshkarsky. The creation of the Lumpokol region was also envisaged, but it was never formed. After 7 years, the Shuryshkarsky District became part of the Yamalo-Nenets National District. In 1957 Mikoyanovsky district was renamed to Oktyabrsky. Laryaksky district was named Nizhnevartovsky in 1962. And soon the Samarovskiy region became the Khanty-Mansiyskiy. In the 60-80s, new territories were formed in the Khanty-Mansiysk District. During this period, the Soviet, Nefteyugansk and Beloyarsk regions appeared. The administrative-territorial division of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra is based on the principles of historically established settlement, the location of mining enterprises in the territories of natural resource development, the effectiveness of state and local self-government and the maximum use of the economic potential of the region. All decisions on issues related to the territorial organization are made taking into account the opinion of the population.

Settlement history
The first evidence of people inhabiting the territory of modern Ugra belongs to the Mesolithic era. In the early Middle Ages, the formation of the Khanty and Mansi ethnic groups began. By the X century. they inhabit vast areas from the Urals to the Yenisei and from the Ob to the Barabinsk steppes.

Formation of statehood
The modern Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra is a full-fledged constituent entity of the Russian Federation, adjacent to the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the south of the Tyumen region, the Komi Republic, the Sverdlovsk, Tomsk regions and the Krasnoyarsk Territory. However, in the history of the Ugra land, its borders have often changed, and it itself was part of various Russian regions.

West Siberian oil and gas province
The first Soviet geological expedition arrived in the Ugra land in February 1935. It was headed by a 24-year-old geological engineer Viktor Grigorievich Vasiliev. It was he who first confirmed the natural outcrops of oil on the surface of the Yugan River in the Surgut region. 2.5 tons of equipment were sent by plane to the drilling site.

Economy
Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra is the main oil and gas region of Russia and one of the largest oil-producing regions in the world, belongs to the donor regions of Russia and is the leader in a number of key economic indicators:

Business
At the end of 2018, 74 thousand 25 small and medium-sized businesses were registered in Ugra. The average number of employees in small and medium-sized enterprises without external part-time workers is 127.9 thousand people.

Interregional and international cooperation
International and interregional cooperation provides Ugra with ample opportunities for studying advanced foreign experience, receiving advice from leading world experts, attracting additional financial resources, and contributing to the strengthening of the political and socio-economic situation of the region.

Health care
At the very beginning of the century, the Russian scientist, economist and ethnographer Dunin Gorkavich, having visited our northern places, wrote: “The situation of medical care here is such that, with all the desire, it is not able to satisfy the population. There are 100 taverns, 80 churches, 35 schools and only 2 hospitals in the whole region ”.

Education
The Ugra government is actively solving the problem of the lack of places in kindergartens. To reduce the tension of this problem, a number of measures have been taken that stimulate the development of the market for preschool education services, the creation of short-term stay groups, preschool groups on the basis of general educational organizations, organizations of additional education for children, departmental kindergartens, and non-governmental organizations.

Ecology
Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra has a huge natural resource potential, is the main oil and gas region in Russia and one of the largest oil producing regions in the world. Natural capital is one of the main components of sustainable development of the territory; it serves as the foundation for economic growth and improving the well-being of the population.

The science
In Ugra, scientific activities are carried out by 1345 employees of institutions of higher professional education. More than 50% of scientific and pedagogical workers have academic degrees and titles, 16.3% - the scientific degree of Doctor of Science.

Culture

There are 482 cultural institutions in Ugra.

Museum of Nature and Man- the oldest museum institution, as part of its collections, has unique exhibits of archeology and paleontology, including the world's only known mammoth vertebra pierced by an arrow of an ancient man, objects of material culture and everyday life of the inhabitants of Ugra of the early Middle Ages.

Traditional crafts and crafts of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North
The culture of the Ob Ugrians was formed presumably by the XIV-XVI centuries. Until that time, the Russian people called the area of ​​settlement of the Ugric groups and its inhabitants - "Ugra".

Mass media
The Okrug newspaper “Novosti Yugra”, the state TV and radio company “Yugoria”, the regional TV and radio company “Yugra” are the largest mass media in the region.

Sport
Ugra is known outside its borders as a venue for major international and all-Russian sports competitions. In the Autonomous Okrug, more than 400 mass sports events of the regional, all-Russian and international levels are held annually.

Tourism
Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra possesses unique natural, cultural and historical resources for the development of recreation and tourism. On the territory of the Autonomous Okrug there are monuments of history and culture: museums, theaters, archaeological complexes, as well as modern infrastructure for lovers of cultural, educational, recreational and active recreation.

Distinctive features. Mecca for those who love black money. A place from which more than 50% of all Russian oil is pumped out annually, most of which is sold to the West, making the oligarchs richer every day. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra ranks first in Russia in oil production and second in gas production. The main large cities are concentrated around oil fields. The population in them is constantly growing - many believe that this is a kind of "American Dream". True, in the middle of the taiga expanses of Siberia.

Despite the abundance of industrial cities, in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, there are still small indigenous inhabitants: Khanty, Mansi, Nenets. They are a people with a rich history, centuries-old traditions, and a unique culture. The main occupations for them are hunting, fishing, fur trade, animal husbandry.

Mansi and toddlers mansyats. Photo by dreamer (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/valeriy-dreamer/)

In the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, tourism of all kinds is quite seriously developed. This is not surprising, because the hills and hills open up endless opportunities for skiing, snowboarding, and kiting. And lovers of sports and ecological tourism will be able to master numerous natural parks and reserves with pleasure. And even visit two state reserves.

By the way, about ecology. But here everything is bad. Emissions from the burning of oil gas, refined products, pollution by exhaust gases from large cities - all this causes irreparable harm to nature and human health.

Geographic location. There are thousands of rivers and lakes on the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra. The main rivers are the Ob and Irtysh. A third of the district is swamps, and more than 50% of the entire territory is taiga forests. The relief of the district is plains, foothills, mountains, the height of which reaches almost 2000 meters.

In the south, the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra borders on the Uvat and Tobolsk regions of the Tyumen region, in the southeast and east - with the Tomsk region and Krasnoyarsk region, in the southwest with the Sverdlovsk region, in the northwest - with the Komi Republic, on north with the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Population District 1,584,063 people, and the level of urbanization Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug ranks fifth in Russia. The birth rate is one of the highest in Russia, and the death rate is one of the lowest. This is due to both a high level of the number of women of active reproductive age, an increased quality and standard of living, and a well-developed healthcare system.

The majority of the population is Russians; there are more than 68% of them in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yurga. In addition to them, Tatars, Ukrainians, Bashkirs live - 16%. It should be noted that the indigenous inhabitants of this taiga citadel, the Khanty and Mansi, are only a modest 2% of the total population of the district.

Crime. The crime rate is 23rd in Russia. According to the Chief of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the district, the crime rate is steadily decreasing. The police successfully fight all sorts of violations of the law - from organizing illegal dens to murders, robberies and corruption in the government. At the same time, a fairly high level of theft and drug addiction remain problems.

Unemployment rate is 5, 3% and compared to last year it decreased by 1%. By the level of salaries - well, here in large cities Stalin's desire came true: "Life has become better, life has become more fun." The salary of a simple teacher, for example, can be more than 45,000 rubles a month. The average salary in the district is over 50,000 rubles. Which of course leads to an endless stream of migrants from the south.

Property value. Living in cities of great opportunity is not a cheap pleasure. A normal 1-room apartment in Surgut by 40 meters will cost you at least 3 million rubles, in Nizhnevartovsk - 2.7 million rubles, and in Nefteyugansk more than 3.3 million rubles. Well, renting an apartment here is not cheap - odnushki, for example, start at 20,000 rubles a month.

Climate. The winters are snowy, long (from October to April), the temperature can reach -60 ° С, but on average it is kept at around -20 ° С. And summer will not spoil heat-loving people - the average temperature is only +16.5 ° С. During the year, 400-620 mm of precipitation falls, the main part of which falls on the warm season.

Cities of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug

From a small village, where the economy was based on collective farms, logging and the fishing industry, in a matter of years, it turned into an industrial giant not only in Siberia, but throughout Russia. Oil production, oil and gas processing, transportation of oil products became the basis of the economy. For power supply of enterprises, two powerful state district power stations were built. Being nearby, they form one of the most powerful thermal power plants in the world.

The power of Siberia. Photo by Shed (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/shed82/)

Today Surgut is not only a huge factory city with a palisade of smoking pipes, oil rigs and endless pipelines, but also a modern metropolis with a developed infrastructure, many shopping and entertainment centers, theaters, exhibitions, schools, universities, sports complexes. Here you can find everything that is, for example, in Moscow. Yes, and you will notice the difference between them, getting there. Well, maybe there are more traffic jams, but the air in Surgut is cleaner, albeit not much. And the population of the city is 325,511 people.

There is also where to have a cultural rest, and what to see - you should definitely visit the City Drama Theater, which has already successfully staged more than 70 performances. You can walk along the avenue of honor for aviation technology and see with your own eyes the helicopters that helped the oilmen to develop Nizhnevartovsk.

And if you want to go shopping or have an active rest - please! At your service are 11 shopping and entertainment complexes located in different parts of the city.

The city with the lowest unemployment rate is less than one percent.

Small business is also developing: for example, in 2013, more than 5 million rubles were allocated for subsidies, grants for youth entrepreneurship, family business, compensation for part of the expenses of entrepreneurs.

In general, for building a career, this city is perhaps one of the best in Russia: young, wealthy, promising. In the labor market, there is generally a huge selection of jobs, since there are at least 10 vacancies per person.

By the way, culturally everything is in order - there is a wonderful puppet theater "The Magic Flute", a museum, a gallery, a cinema, several temples and churches.

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug was formed in 1930, until 1940 it was called Ostyako-Vogulsky National Okrug. It is located in the Tyumen Region in the Ural Federal District.

The Okrug is located in the center of the West Siberian Lowland. It borders on the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Tomsk, Tyumen, Sverdlovsk Regions and the Komi Republic.

The area is 534.8 thousand square kilometers. The district includes 9 districts, 13 urban districts. The administrative center is the city of Khanty-Mansiysk. Large cities - Surgut, Nefteyugansk, Nizhnevartovsk.

The population of the Okrug, according to Rosstat data as of January 1, 2014, amounted to 1,597.0 thousand people. The ethnic composition of the district's population is dominated by Russians, Ukrainians, Tatars, Bashkirs.

The indigenous (aboriginal) population is represented by three small ethnic groups - Khanty, Mansi and Forest Nenets. Their total number is about 1.5%.

Governor of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Natalya Komarova (since 2010).

Two large rivers flow through the territory of the district: the Ob, 3650 kilometers long, and its tributary Irtysh, which is 3,580 kilometers long. The climate of the district is moderate continental. It is characterized by a sharp change in weather in spring and autumn, temperature drops during the day.

The Okrug occupies most of the territory of the West Siberian oil and gas province and is one of the largest oil producing regions in the world. It produces about 7% of world oil and about half of Russian oil, more than 4% of the total Russian gas volume.

As of 2013, 467 hydrocarbon deposits were recorded on the balance sheet in the Autonomous Okrug, including 406 oil fields, 22 gas and gas condensate, 39 oil and gas condensate, oil and gas and gas and oil fields. The largest are Samotlorskoe, Fedorovskoe, Mamontovskoe, Priobskoe.

The largest volume of recovered oil from the regions of the Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, Nefteyugansk and Khanty-Mansi regions.

In 2014, the region produced 250.5 million tons of oil, 31,771.5 million cubic meters of natural and associated gas.

Most of the oil reserves of the distributed subsoil fund (95%) are on the balance sheet of the largest vertically integrated oil companies OJSC TNK-BP Holding, OJSC Rosneft, OJSC LUKOIL, OJSC Surgutneftegaz, OJSC Slavneft, OJSC Gazprom Neft and OAO Russneft.

Placer gold is mined in the district (predicted gold reserves exceed 216 tons), vein quartz and collectible raw materials. Deposits of lignite and hard coal have been discovered. Deposits of iron ores, copper, zinc, lead, niobium, tantalum, bauxite manifestations, etc. have been discovered.

The most powerful electric power complex in the country has been created in the region. The main share of electricity generation in the Autonomous Okrug is provided by OJSC "Surgutskaya GRES-1", OJSC "Surgutskaya GRES-2", OJSC "Nizhnevartovskaya GRES" and "Nyaganskaya GRES".

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra is an export-oriented region, in the total volume of foreign trade turnover the share of exports is 95.6%, and the share of imports is 4.4%. Mineral fuels, oil and products of their distillation, bituminous substances, mineral waxes are exported; wood, charcoal. Of the total export volume, 99.4% is crude oil.

Development of innovations takes a special place in the economy of Ugra. To support the subjects of innovative activity in the region, the following have been created: an autonomous institution of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra "Technopark of High Technologies", non-profit organizations "Fund for Entrepreneurship Support of Ugra"; "Development Fund of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra", "Microfinance Fund of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra". There are 130 innovative companies operating in the region, most of which are Technopark residents.

All research activities of Ugra are concentrated in the higher educational institutions of the district.

The system of higher professional education in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug consists of two regional universities and an academy, as well as two federal universities - Ugra State University and Nizhnevartovsk State University.

At universities, 18 small innovative enterprises have been created. They are engaged in research activities in which students also take part.

On the territory of the Autonomous Okrug there are monuments of history and culture: museums, theaters, archaeological complexes. There are 35 museums and their branches in Ugra. Most of the museums are local history and ethnographic museums.

The ethnographic open-air museum "Torum Maa", founded in 1987, is located in Khanty-Mansiysk. The museum broadcasts the living culture of the indigenous peoples of the North. In addition to exhibiting the rarest items, the Torum Maa Museum holds ceremonial festivals of the indigenous peoples of the North.

In the district there are two state reserves - "Yuganskiy" and "Malaya Sosva", four natural parks, eight reserves.

Every year the district center becomes a platform for international cinematography. Guests and participants of the festival of cinematic debuts "Spirit of Fire" are coming to Ugra. It was established by the government of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug and the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation in 2002.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources