Nikolai vlasik. Stalin's bodyguard. The real story of Nikolai Vlasik "Lying drunk at the dacha" is nonsense

Myths and truths about the leader and his shadow from the screenwriter of the acclaimed series

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Premiere screening of the series Vlasik. The Shadow of Stalin ”aired on Channel One with the expected success. The scriptwriter of the tape about the bodyguard of the Generalissimo from Rostov, Valeria Baykeeva, told Komsomolskaya Pravda about the unusual facts that were revealed during the work on the television series.

"Lying drunk in the country" is nonsense

Work on the script took two years. Usually on such complex projects they work in a group. I wrote alone. No assistants and no consultants. Those who were offered, unfortunately, were hard to reach, and good helpers were rare. Therefore, I had to literally buy up all the literature, directly or indirectly related to the topic. Apart from all the available sources on the web. I now have one of the best libraries about that time, including a unique volume, published in an edition of 200 copies. This is the "Journal of Records of Visits to Stalin's Cabinet in the Kremlin" from 1925 to 1952. This book helped me find answers to a lot of questions. For example, what did Stalin do on June 22, 1941 ...

- And what did he do?

Rumors are still circulating that that night he was allegedly drunk and half-paralyzed with horror at the "Blizhnyaya Dacha". However, the dispassionate facts recorded in the journal by the duty officer say something else: Stalin and his closest associates met the terrible news of the beginning of the war in his Kremlin office. That working day of the secretary general lasted 20 hours ...

The terrible illness of the leader's wife

I also managed to find material about the congenital illness of Stalin's wife, Nadezhda Alliluyeva. One of the sources mentions that she suffered from craniosynostosis, that is, fusion of the bones of the skull. This disease caused hellish headaches and could well lead to insanity. So it is possible to explain her suicide not only by her husband's jealousy and rudeness ...

There was no word "revenge" in the lexicon of the leader

- What was the most difficult part of the job?

It was incredibly difficult to find the right angle to tell about Stalin, but not to lose the main character - Nikolai Vlasik. There is less information about the bodyguards of the leaders than about the leaders themselves. Therefore, I had to look for plots surrounded by these people. And still a lot to think out.

- For example?

In the script there is the character Asya - Vlasik's mistress, a prostitute from the ladies' squad of seductresses created by Beria. I had to come up with it, collecting an image from several references in the investigative materials about a certain citizen Anastasia Lemka and a certain Asya, who was accidentally mentioned, from Beria's notes. This is how this character was born. And from him there is already a whole melodramatic line.

Conversations are considered one of the most important points. No joke, to write words and put them in the mouth of Stalin and other famous personalities!

I remembered a wonderful technique I had learned during my studies. Analyzed the poems of young Stalin, his letters, articles, notes. And she made the "Stalin's Dictionary". So wonderful things came to light. For example, that in his vocabulary there was no verb "revenge" and derivatives from this word. Stalin replaced him with others: for example, "answer for something."

- And what was especially surprising?

A huge number of biographies of famous people, which are intertwined in very bizarre twists and turns. It's incredibly challenging and challenging, but at the same time very exciting. The series is a work of fiction, not a documentary at all. And in it there is a place for such a technique as a hoax.

There are movements both in time and space, and in the lives of the heroes ... Someone died not in their historical time. I met where I shouldn't have. But this is exactly how I, as an author, needed to lead my story in order to

Joseph Stalin, Nikolai Vlasik and their contemporaries stood before us as living people. The script “Vlasik. Stalin's Shadow ”is, in fact, my story based on history.

STROKES TO PORTRAIT

Secretary General betrayed his servant

And who was the main character of the series himself?

Graduated from three classes

Nikolai Vlasik was born on May 22, 1896 in the village of Bobynichi, Grodno province, in Western Belarus. A boy from a poor peasant family lost his parents early. He graduated from three classes of a parish school, from the age of 13 he worked as a laborer on a construction site, was a bricklayer and a loader.

He had no education in the classical sense of the word. But he had an excellent memory, resourcefulness and curiosity, - says the screenwriter of the film Valeria Baykeeva.

In March 1915 he was drafted into the army and sent to the front. For bravery in battles, he was awarded the St.George Cross. By the way, he did not hide his award later, on the contrary, he was proud of it.

After being wounded, Vlasik was promoted to non-commissioned officer, appointed commander of a platoon of an infantry regiment in Moscow. During the October Revolution, together with his subordinates, he went over to the side of the Bolsheviks. He served in the Moscow police, took part in the Civil War. Four years later, he was sent under the command of Dzerzhinsky to the Cheka. His work as Stalin's bodyguard began in 1927, after a bomb was thrown into the building of the commandant's office in Lubyanka. 31-year-old operative Vlasik was recalled from vacation and announced an important mission - to protect the Kremlin, members of the government and Himself.

And covered from bullets

Once in Stalin's orbit, Vlasik developed a unique security system. The modern Federal Security Service still uses his developments, - says the scriptwriter. - In particular, several identical tuples following different routes is his idea.

Once he had to close Stalin from bullets with his body - it happened in 1935 in Gagra. The border guards, not knowing what kind of boat was sailing past the outpost outside the set time, opened fire from the shore. Lucky - the bullets didn't hit anyone. In fact, during the fun, where wine and songs flowed like a river, they simply forgot to warn the border guards.

Changed patronymic

Vlasik was an economic man: he arranged the life of Stalin and his family the way he would like to arrange his own. Seeing that the leader and his wife at the dacha eat sandwiches brought from Moscow, he arranged food delivery and telephone communications.

He did not have enough time for his family. But the stately Nikolai Sergeich (as he called himself, the patronymic Sidorovich seemed dissonant to him), was noticed by beautiful women, from waitresses to actresses, including party workers. They said different things, but the bodyguard did not stutter about the divorce.

They had no children with their wife. At the insistence of his wife, they adopted a girl, Nadia, the daughter of Nikolai's deceased sister.

Love troubles of Sveta Alliluyeva

Vlasik partly took care of Stalin's children. Svetlana, the leader's daughter, did not like him.

Svetochka grew up as a bitchy girl, - says the scriptwriter. - For the first time she fell in love as a teenager with the son of Beria, whom his father brought to Moscow. By no means a beauty, the leader's daughter was friends with the charming Martha Peshkova, Gorky's granddaughter. Girlfriends went everywhere together. Handsome Sergo became the object of the dreams of both of them. But the guy chose Martha. Svetlana, at first, went crazy, was furious, showing her character.

Then the daughter of the leader had an affair with the screenwriter Alexei Kapler, who was much older than her. When it came to Stalin, he boiled with rage. A young girl is running after a grown man! I must say that Kapler was very fond of her - he introduced her to literature, took her to the skating rink and concerts. Vlasik was indirectly involved in the whole thing. He understood: there was no danger for Sveta. And he even tried to calm the enraged Master. But the leader ordered: "Solve this issue!" Vlasik suggested that the scriptwriter leave Moscow peacefully. But the groom overestimated his capabilities and, having remained, ended up in the camps.

Keeping an eye on bully Vasily

But the middle son of Stalin, Vasily Vlasik, respected. He was afraid and called him Uncle Kolya.

Now they would say that Vasily would be a major, - continues Valeria Baykeeva. - I didn't want to study, I made a duplicate of the key to the apartment of Yasha's older brother, while he was studying in Leningrad, and arranged partying drunks there. Vlasik periodically covered these raspberries, but when strangers complained, he stood up for Vasya before his father. After one of these spree, Stalin sent his son to the Kachin flight school. Here Beria began to fight for influence on Vasya, having knocked out for himself the sacred duty of visiting the heir. He went there with checks, and then went to Stalin with reports. Imagine my father's surprise when a letter came from the commander of the school: "Your son is a poor student, lazy and breaking the rules." The outraged Stalin summoned Vlasik and sent him to deal with his son. He gave the ward a good hauling.

Lawrence Games

But why, after two decades of service, did the leader still refuse his devoted bodyguard?

A confluence of circumstances, - the author of the script reflects. - Stalin completely trusted Vlasik in all everyday matters. And Beria deftly played on this. Once they stood together on the roof of the Blizhnyaya Dacha. And the leader suddenly asked: "Lawrence, what kind of city is this on the horizon?" Beria replied: "So it was your Vlasik who built it for his guards." It is worth noting that the bodyguard, actively promoting a healthy lifestyle, really organized a small village with a stadium, a swimming pool and a cinema for his subordinates, so that the guards lived right next to their facility. But how it was served!

Then Beria hinted to Stalin that the owner's Astrakhan herring was worth insane money: by order of Vlasik, it was delivered by plane, which in itself is not a cheap pleasure. And it began to dawn on the leader: a lot of money was being spent uncontrollably. Beria actively fueled this topic. In 1952, the "case of the poisoning doctors" also arrived. Vlasik was arrested, because it was he who "provided treatment to members of the government and was responsible for the reliability of the professors." Stalin, already beginning to suffer from paranoia, abandoned Vlasik.

When they came to arrest the bodyguard, he said: "If there is no me, there will be no Stalin." And so it happened. Less than three months after his arrest, Stalin died.

Two fake shootings

56-year-old Nikolai Vlasik ended up in prison as a handsome and healthy man. And four years later he came out a deep old man with a shuffling gait. Behind bars, he survived two fake shootings and two heart attacks.

Vlasik returned to Moscow, where he had almost nothing left: the property was confiscated, a separate apartment was turned into a communal one. The husband of his adopted daughter, after the arrest of an influential father, left his wife. Vlasik pounded the doorsteps of the offices, wrote to the leaders of the government, asked for rehabilitation and reinstatement in the party, but everywhere he was refused. His conviction was removed only after Stalin's reburial.

Nikolai Sidorovich died on June 18, 1967. His archive was confiscated and classified. By the way, Vlasik's declassified memoirs were published in 2011 by Komsomolskaya Pravda.

Born in 1896, Belarus, Grodno province, Slonim district, village Bobynichi; Belarusian; Parish school; Arrested: December 15, 1952

Source: Krasnoyarsk Society "Memorial"

Nikolay Sidorovich Vlasik(May 22, 1896, the village of Bobynichi, Slonim district of the Grodno province (now the Slonim district of the Grodno region) - June 18, 1967, Moscow) - worker of the USSR security organs, head of I. Stalin's personal security, lieutenant general.

Member of the RCP (b) since 1918. Expelled from the party after being arrested in the case of doctors on December 16, 1952.

Biography

Born into a poor peasant family. By nationality - Belarusian. He graduated from three classes of a rural parish school. He began his career at the age of thirteen: a laborer for a landowner, a digger on the railway, a laborer at a paper mill in Yekaterinoslav.

In March 1915 he was called up for military service. He served in the 167th Ostrog Infantry Regiment, in the 251st Reserve Infantry Regiment. For bravery in the battles of the First World War, he received the St.George Cross. In the days of the October Revolution, being in the rank of non-commissioned officer, together with a platoon, he went over to the side of Soviet power.

In November 1917, he joined the Moscow police. From February 1918 - in the Red Army, a participant in the battles on the Southern Front near Tsaritsyn, was an assistant company commander in the 33rd workers' Rogozhsko-Simonovsky infantry regiment.

In September 1919, he was transferred to the Cheka, worked under the direct supervision of F.E.Dzerzhinsky in the central office, was an employee of a special department, a senior authorized officer of the active department of the operational unit. Since May 1926, he became a senior authorized officer of the Operations Department of the OGPU, since January 1930 - assistant to the head of the department in the same place.

In 1927, he headed the Kremlin's special guard and became the de facto head of Stalin's security.

At the same time, the official name of his position has changed several times due to constant reorganizations and reassignments in the security agencies. Since the mid-1930s, he was the head of the department of the 1st department (protection of senior officials) of the Main Directorate of State Security of the NKVD of the USSR, from November 1938 - the head of the 1st department in the same place. In February - July 1941, this department was part of the People's Commissariat of State Security of the USSR, then it was returned to the NKVD of the USSR. Since November 1942 - First Deputy Head of the 1st Department of the NKVD of the USSR.

Since May 1943 - Head of the 6th Directorate of the People's Commissariat of State Security of the USSR, from August 1943 - First Deputy Head of this Directorate. From April 1946 - Head of the Main Security Directorate of the USSR Ministry of State Security (from December 1946 - the Main Security Directorate).

In May 1952, he was removed from the post of chief of Stalin's security and sent to the Ural city of Asbest by the deputy chief of the Bazhenov correctional labor camp of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Arrest, trial, exile

On December 16, 1952, he was arrested in connection with the doctors' case, because he "provided medical treatment to members of the government and was responsible for the reliability of the professors."

“Until March 12, 1953, Vlasik was interrogated almost daily (mainly in the case of doctors). The verification found that the charges against the group of doctors were false. All professors and doctors have been released from custody. Recently, the investigation into Vlasik's case has been conducted in two directions: disclosure of classified information and theft of material values ... After Vlasik's arrest, several dozen documents with a "secret" stamp were found in his apartment ... While in Potsdam, where he accompanied the government delegation of the USSR, Vlasik was engaged in hoarsery ... ”(Certificate from the criminal case).

On January 17, 1953, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR found him guilty of abuse of office under especially aggravating circumstances, sentencing him under Art. 193-17 p. "B" of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR to 10 years of exile, deprivation of the general's rank and state awards. Sent to serve exile in Krasnoyarsk. Under the amnesty on March 27, 1953, Vlasik's term was reduced to five years, without losing his rights. By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 15, 1956, Vlasik was pardoned with a removal of his conviction. He was not reinstated in military rank and awards.

On June 28, 2000, by a resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Court of Russia, the 1955 verdict against Vlasik was canceled and the criminal case was dropped "for lack of corpus delicti."

Stalin's chief of security

For many years Vlasik was Stalin's personal bodyguard and held this post the longest. Having come to his personal guard in 1931, he not only became its chief, but also took over many of the everyday problems of the Stalin family, in which Vlasik was essentially a member of the family. After the death of Stalin's wife, NS Alliluyeva, he was also a teacher of children, practically fulfilling the functions of a majordomo.

He N. S. Vlasik] simply prevented Beria from getting to Stalin, because his father would not have let him die. He would not wait 24 hours outside the door, like those guards on March 1, 1953, when Stalin "wakes up" ...

Daughter of NS Vlasik Nadezhda Vlasik in the newspaper "Moskovsky Komsomolets" from 07.05.2003

Vlasik is extremely negatively assessed by Svetlana Alliluyeva in “20 Letters to a Friend”.

In his memoirs, Vlasik wrote:

I was severely offended by Stalin. For 25 years of impeccable work, without a single penalty, but only one encouragement and reward, I was expelled from the party and thrown into prison. For my infinite loyalty, he put me into the hands of enemies. But never, not a single minute, no matter what state I was in, no matter what bullying I was subjected to while in prison, I had no evil in my soul against Stalin.

According to his wife, Vlasik was convinced until his death that LP Beria had “helped” Stalin to die.

Awards

St. George's cross 4 degrees
3 Orders of Lenin (04/26/1940, 02/21/1945, 09/16/1945)
3 Orders of the Red Banner (08/28/1937, 09/20/1943, 11/3/1944)
Order of the Red Star (05/14/1936)
Order of Kutuzov I degree (02.24.1945)
Medal of the XX years of the Red Army (02.22.1938)
2 badges Honorary Worker of the Cheka-GPU (12/20/1932, 12/16/1935)

Special and military ranks

major of state security (12/11/1935)
senior major of state security (04/26/1938)
State Security Commissioner of the 3rd rank (12/28/1938)
lieutenant general (07/12/1945)

(1896 , village Bobynichi, Slonim district, Grodno province. - 1967 ). Born into the family of a poor peasant. Belarusian. In KP with 11.18 .

Education: parish school, Bobynichi 1910 .

Day laborer at a landowner, Slonim district 09.12-01.13 ; excavator on the Samara-Zlatoust railway. d., Zhukatovo station, Ufa province. 01.13-10.14 ; laborer at the paper factories of Kofman and Furman, Ekaterino-Slav, Nizhny Island, Dniprovsk 10.14-03.15 .

In the army: ml. non-commissioned officer 167 infantry. Ostrog regiment 03.15-03.17 ; platoon com. 251 spare infantry. shelf 03.17-11.17 .

Policeman of the Petrovsky police commissariat, Moscow 11.17-02.18 .

In the Red Army: pom. com. companies of the 33rd Worker of the Rogozhsko-Simonovsky infantry. shelf 02.18-09.19 .

In the bodies of the Cheka-OGPU-NKVD-MGB from 09.19: sotr. OO; complete and Art. complete active department of operas. dep. OGPU USSR 01.11.26-01.05.29 ; Art. complete 2 separate operas. dep. OGPU USSR 01.05.29-01.01.30 ; pom. early 5 separate operas. dep. OGPU USSR 01.01.30-01.07.31 01.07.31-? (mention 02.33 ); pom. early 1 department of operas. dep. OGPU USSR 1933-01.11.33 ; pom. early 4 separate operas. dep. OGPU USSR 01.11.33-10.07.34 ; pom. early 4 separate operas. dep. GUGB NKVD USSR 10.07.34-? ; early department 1 department GUGB NKVD USSR ?-19.11.38 ; early 1 dep. GUGB NKVD USSR 19.11.38-26.02.41 ; early 1 dep. (security) of the NKGB of the USSR 26.02.41-31.07.41 ; early 1 dep. NKVD USSR 31.07.41-19.11.42 ; 1 deputy early 1 dep. NKVD USSR 19.11.42-12.05.43 ; early 6 exercise NKGB USSR 12.05.43-09.08.43 ; 1 deputy early 6 exercise NKGB-MGB USSR 09.08.43-15.04.46 ; early Control. security number 2 of the Ministry of State Security of the USSR 15.04.46-25.12.46 ; early Ch. ex. protection of the USSR Ministry of State Security 25.12.46-29.04.52 ; deputy. early Control. Bazhenovsky ITL of the Ministry of Internal Affairs 20.05.52-15.12.52 .

Arrested 15.12.52 ; was under investigation for 01.55 ; convicted of the HCVS of the USSR 17.01.55 under Art. 193-17 "b" of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR for 10 years of exile and stripped of his general's rank and awards; sent to Krasnoyarsk, where he was before 1956 ; under the amnesty, the term of exile was cut by half. Pardoned Post. PVS USSR from 15.15.56 , released from serving a sentence with the removal of a criminal record; military rank has not been restored.

Rank: major GB 11.12.35 ; Art. major GB 26.04.38 ; State Security Commissioner 3 rank 28.12.38 ; lieutenant general 12.07.45 .

Awards: badge "Honorary Worker of the Cheka-GPU (XV)" 20.12.32 ; badge "Honorary Worker of the Cheka-GPU (XV)" 16.12.35 ; Order of the Red Star 14.05.36 ; Order of the Red Banner 28.08.37 ; medal "XX Years of the Red Army" 22.02.38 ; The order of Lenin 26.04.40 ; Order of the Red Banner 20.09.43 ; Order of the Red Banner 03.11.44 ; The order of Lenin 21.02.45 ; Order of Kutuzov 1 degree 24.02.45 ; The order of Lenin 16.09.45 .

From book: N.V. Petrov, K.V. Skorkin
"Who led the NKVD. 1934-1941"

Three months before his death, I. Stalin repressed the head of his bodyguard, General Vlasik, who served him faithfully for a quarter of a century.

On January 17, 1955, the Military Collegium of the USSR Supreme Court, chaired by Colonel of Justice V.V. Borisoglebsky and members of the court - Colonels of Justice D.A. Rybkin and N.E. Kovalenko, considered a criminal case against the former head of the Main Security Directorate of the USSR Ministry of State Security, Lieutenant General Vlasik Nikolai Sidorovich and found him guilty of committing a crime under Art. 193-17, item "b" of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR (abuse of office in especially aggravating circumstances).
According to the verdict, Vlasik N.S. was subjected to exile "to a remote area of the USSR" for a period of five years, stripped of the military rank "lieutenant general", four medals, two honorary badges "VChK-GPU" , has been stripped of nine orders: three Orders of Lenin, four Orders of the Red Banner, Orders of the Red Star, Kutuzov I degree and the "XX Years of the Red Army" medal.
It was also "confiscated and turned into state revenue property acquired by criminal means."
On June 28, 2000, by a decision of the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, chaired by V.M. Lebedev, this sentence was canceled and the criminal case against Vlasik N.S. terminated - for lack of corpus delicti.
Before me is an autobiography from the personal file of Nikolai Sidorovich Vlasik, the head of the security of I.V. Stalin in the period from 1927 to 1952

See the original material on the "Top Secret" website: http://www.sovsekretno.ru/articles/id/3335/.
Born May 22, 1896 in Western Belarus into a poor peasant family. This clarification - "in a poor peasant family", as well as "in a worker's family", "in a farm laborer's family" - in the first years of Soviet power was, as it were, a start for a career. Someone used this as a "cover" for a non-proletarian biography. Vlasik wrote the true truth. At the age of three, he lost his parents: first, his mother died, and then his father. He graduated from three classes of a rural parish school. At the age of 13 he began his career: he worked as a laborer at a construction site, as a bricklayer, and later as a loader at a paper mill. At the beginning of 1915 he was called up for military service, took part in the First World War. He was noted by the commanders, for bravery in battle was awarded the St.George Cross. In 1916, he was wounded, after the hospital was promoted to non-commissioned officer and appointed commander of a platoon of the 25th Infantry Regiment in Moscow. In the first days of the revolution, together with his platoon, he went over to the side of the Soviet regime, became a member of the regimental committee.
In 1918, in the battles on the Southern Front near Tsaritsyn, Vlasik was seriously wounded. Then he was sent to the Special Department of the Cheka to Dzerzhinsky, from there to the Operations Department of the OGPU. The service zeal of the young commander was noticed. And in 1927 he was instructed to head the special security of the Special Department of the Cheka, the Kremlin, members of the government and Stalin's personal security.
But he also had to answer for the medical care of the country's leadership, the material support of their apartment and summer cottages, the supply of food and special rations, the construction and repair of the offices of the Central Committee and the Kremlin, the organization of recreation for Stalin, his relatives and children in country dachas and in the south. And even to control the study and behavior of Stalin's children, who in 1932 were left without a mother. Documents are still kept in Stalin's personal fund, from which it is clear that Vlasik, through the employees appointed by him, followed Stalin's children, showing, frankly, maternal care.
But that was not all. Organizing demonstrations and parades, preparing Red Square, halls, theaters, stadiums, airfields for various propaganda actions, moving members of the government and Stalin around the country on various vehicles, meeting, seeing off foreign guests, guarding and providing them. And most importantly, the safety of the leader, whose suspicion, as you know, exceeded all reasonable limits. For his ingenuity, Stalin praised Vlasik more than once and generously showered him with awards. After all, it was Vlasik who invented such a method of protection as a cavalcade of ten or fifteen absolutely identical ZIS vehicles, in one of which I.V. was sitting, and in the rest there were "faces similar to him." On rare flights, he prepared not one plane, but several, and in which of them to fly, Stalin himself determined at the very last moment. This is also a guard. Checking for the presence of poisons in food and, in general, monitoring Stalin's nutrition - it was not difficult for Vlasik - a special laboratory was working.
In short, the security chief had more than enough work to do, and for all the years the leader did not have any troubles, although there were emergency situations around him, and often: "blocs", "centers", sabotage, sabotage, death of Menzhinsky, Kuibyshev, Gorky and his son Maxim, an attempt to poison Yezhov with mercury vapors, the murder of Kirov, Ordzhonikidze, the death of Chkalov.
By the summer of 1941, Vlasik already had the rank of general. During the war, worries increased, and accordingly the staff grew - up to several tens of thousands of people. Vlasik was entrusted with the evacuation of the government, members of the diplomatic corps and the people's commissariats. The main security department in Kuibyshev selected working premises and apartments for the government, provided transport, communications, and established supplies. Vlasik was also responsible for the evacuation of Lenin's body to Tyumen and his protection. And in Moscow, with his apparatus, he ensured security at the parade on November 7, 1941, at a solemn meeting held at the Mayakovskaya metro station the day before. In short, you cannot call his service "honey". And then there are "minor" questions.
Secret
DEPUTY HEAD OF THE 1st DEPARTMENT
NKVD USSR
TO THE COMMISSIONER OF STATE SECURITY
3rd RANK
T. VLASIK N.S.
Conclusion on the state of health of Colonel Vasily Iosifovich STALIN
V. I. STALIN taken to the Kremlin hospital on 4 / IV-43 at 11 o'clock due to wounds from a shell fragment.
Injury of the left cheek with the presence of a small metal splinter in it and an injury to the left foot with damage to its bones and the presence of a large metal splinter.
At 14 o'clock 4 / IV-43, under general anesthesia prof. A.D. Ochkin performed the operation of excision of damaged tissues and removal of fragments.
The foot injury is serious.
In connection with the contamination of wounds, anti-tetanus and anti-gangrenous serums were introduced.
The general condition of the wounded is quite satisfactory.
Head of the Lechsanupra Kremlin (Busalov)
Before reporting to his father about his son, NS Vlasik forced the Air Force command to submit a report on the circumstances of Vasily Stalin's injury.
It didn't take long to wait.
SECRET. Ex. # 1
Emergency report in the 32nd Guards IAP (Fighter Aviation Regiment - Ed.)
The incident occurred under the following circumstances:
On April 4, 1943, in the morning, a flight crew consisting of regiment commander Colonel V.I. Stalin, Heroes of the Soviet Union, Lieutenant Colonel N.I. Vlasov, Captain A.Ya. Baklan, Captain A.G. Kotov, Captain V.I. ., captain V.I. Popkov, captain S.F. Dolgushin, flight commander, senior lieutenant A.P. Shishkin. and others, as well as the regiment's armament engineer, Captain Razin E.I. went to the Selizharovka river, located 1.5 km from the airfield, for fishing.
Throwing grenades and rockets into the water, they jammed the fish, collecting it from the shore with a net. Before throwing the rocket, the regiment's engineer Captain Razin preliminarily set the detonator ring to the maximum deceleration (22 seconds), turned the chickenpox away, and then threw the projectile into the water. So they were personally thrown 3 rockets. Preparing to throw the last missile, the engineer-captain Razin turned the chickenpox as much as possible, and the shell instantly exploded in his hands, as a result of which one person - Captain Razin - was killed, Colonel V.I. Stalin. and captain Kotov A.G. seriously injured.
With this report, the faithful Nikolai Sidorovich went to the leader, and he burst out with an order:
TO THE COMMANDER OF THE RED ARMY AIR FORCE MARSHAL OF AVIATION Comrade I ORDER NOVIKOV:
1) Immediately remove from the post of the commander of the aviation regiment, Colonel V.I. and not to give him any command posts pending my order.
2) To announce the regiment and the former commander of the regiment, Colonel Stalin, that Colonel Stalin is removed from the post of the regiment commander for drunkenness and revelry and for spoiling and corrupting the regiment.
3) To convey the execution.
People's Commissar for Defense
I. Stalin
May 26, 1943
But there were more serious things. First of all, there were three conferences of the heads of the anti-Hitler coalition members: Tehran (November 28 - December 1, 1943), Yalta (May 4-11, 1945) and Potsdam (July 17 - August 2, 1945).
And Vlasik was always next to Stalin - disguised as a photojournalist. For the successful holding of the conference in Tehran, Vlasik was awarded the Order of Lenin, for the Crimean Conference - the Order of Kutuzov I degree, for the Potsdam Conference - the Order of Lenin.
The war is over. The service continued. By a decision of the Central Committee in 1947, funds were allocated for the construction and reconstruction of state dachas in Crimea, Sochi, Gagra, Sukhumi, Tskhaltubo, Borjomi, on Lake Ritsa and in the Moscow region. And again, all this was entrusted to N.S. Vlasik. Note: a person with a three-year education. But the Main Directorate had its own financiers, accountants, construction specialists. So Vlasik himself, with his three classes, did not try to understand all this.
And the trouble was not waiting for him here. As you know, he was subordinate to the leadership of the NKGB, and then to the MGB, which means the well-known Beria, Merkulov, Kobulov, Tsanava, Serov, Goglidze. But Vlasik was the closest of them all to Stalin, and the leader sometimes consulted with him on MGB affairs. This became known in the environment of Beria. And it could not but cause irritation, especially since Vlasik often spoke negatively about his bosses.
In 1948 Fedoseyev, the commandant of Blizhnyaya Dacha, was arrested. The investigation was conducted under the leadership of Serov. Under torture Fedoseyev testified that Vlasik wanted to poison Stalin.
Then the “doctors' case” arose. There were indications that, together with the doctors, Vlasik wanted to organize the treatment of A. Zhdanov and was hatching the goal of assassinating Stalin. In May 1952, an in-depth audit of the financial and economic activities of the security department began unexpectedly. In addition to specialists, the commission included Beria, Bulganin, Poskrebyshev. Everything drunk, eaten and squandered was “hung up” on Vlasik and his deputy Lynko. They reported to Stalin. Lynko was arrested, and Vlasik was sent to the Urals, to the city of Asbest, to the post of deputy head of the Bazhenov correctional labor camp of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. Later, the general recalled in his diaries that "hats flew" from the heads of many of his subordinates.
For six months - until December 1952 - he worked in Asbest and "bombarded" Stalin with letters in which he swore his innocence and loyalty. And on December 16 he was summoned to Moscow and arrested in the "case of doctors", accused of covering up the "enemy actions" of professors Yegorov, Vovsi and Vinogradov.
As you know, the "doctors' case" was terminated after Stalin's death and all those arrested were released - everyone except Vlasik. He was interrogated more than a hundred times during the investigation. They blamed espionage, the preparation of terrorist attacks, and anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda. Moreover, for each of the charges, he faced a considerable sentence.
The 56-year-old Nikolai Sidorovich was “pressed” in Lefortovo in a sophisticated way - he was kept in handcuffs, a bright lamp was burning in the cell all day long, he was not allowed to sleep, he was summoned for interrogations, and even behind the wall they constantly played a record with heart-rending children's crying. They even arranged an imitation of the execution (Vlasik writes about this in his diary). But he behaved well, did not lose his sense of humor. In any case, in one of the protocols, he gives such "confessions" testimony: "I really cohabited with many women, drank alcohol with them and the artist Stenberg, but all this happened at the expense of my personal health and in my free time from service."
He continues to be kept in Lefortovo. And they are already accused of being linked with the constructivist artist V. Stenberg, who allegedly engaged in espionage, decorating the festive events on Red Square.
On June 26, 1953, Beria, Kobulov, Goglidze, Merkulov were arrested and on December 23 of the same year they were shot. The KGB was headed by I. Serov, who promised to erase Vlasik into powder during Beria's life. This figure is ambiguous. For example, Beria's son Sergo writes: “I knew Ivan Aleksandrovich Serov very well, who headed the KGB of the USSR in 1954-1958. He was an impeccably honest man who did a lot to strengthen the rule of law. Serov brilliantly graduated from the Frunze Military Academy and was sent to the disposal of the new People's Commissar of the NKVD. He spoke Japanese. Those who served under the command of the Hero of the Soviet Union, Colonel General IA Serov, remember him as a talented, very courageous and extremely educated person. "
And the Deputy Minister of the Ministry of State Security V. Ryasnoy assessed the colonel-general a little differently: “... Brandykhlyst, which the world has never seen. Everywhere will dive in, find, deceive, steal. With the help of Beria, he made sure that he was not overloaded with work. Serov is irreplaceable, a very cunning person in this respect, about sucking up to the higher authorities. "
In short, under Serov, Nikolai Sidorovich Vlasik was kept under arrest. They dragged them every other day, and mostly at night, for interrogations. Counter-revolutionary, that is, political, crimes have disappeared by themselves, theft "from the master's table" - too. This episode also disappeared.
After the Potsdam Conference in 1945, Vlasik, among other junk given to him as a gift from the Red Army, took a horse, two cows and one bull out of Germany in an NKVD echelon. And he delivered all these animals to Belarus to his sister Olga.
After his arrest in 1952, they began to deal with this. It was found out that in 1941 his native village of Bobynichi, Baranovichi region, was captured by the Germans. The house in which the sister lived was burned down, half of the village was shot, the sister's eldest daughter was taken to work in Germany (she never returned from there), the cow and horse were taken away. Olga with her husband Peter and two children went to the partisans, and then, when the Germans were driven away, she returned to the plundered village. Here Vlasik delivered from Germany to his sister, as it were, a part of her own good.
This was reported to Stalin, and he, looking at the reporting Ignatiev, said: "What are you, oh ... or what ?!"
Vlasik himself recalled this at the end of his life. I don’t know if it really was, but if so, then we must pay tribute to the leader: he was right.
By the way, Potsdam is the residence of the Prussian kings. Germany was very lucky that Vlasik, leaving there, satisfied only his "livestock" interest, and was not carried away, say, by the works of Rembrandt.
From the verdict:
"... Vlasik, being the head of the Main Directorate of Security of the Ministry of State Security of the USSR, using the special confidence of the Soviet Government and the Central Committee of the CPSU, abused the trust placed in him and his high official position ..." And then the accusations follow:
"1. Morally decayed, systematically drunk, lacking a sense of political vigilance, showed promiscuity in everyday life.
2. Drinking with a certain Stenberg, he became close to him and divulged secret information to him and to other persons. From Stenberg's apartment he conducted telephone negotiations with the head of the Soviet Government, as well as official conversations with his subordinates.
3. Deciphered three secret officers in front of Stenberg. Showed him his intelligence file.
4. Communicating with persons who "did not inspire political confidence" who maintained contacts with foreigners, Vlasik gave them passes to the stands of Red Square.
5. He kept official documents in his apartment, in particular, the Potsdam plan and the security system of the entire Potsdam conference area (1945), as well as a memo on the work of the Sochi Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the special period of 1946, the timetable for government trains and others the documents".
That was where the accusation ended. And the investigation went on for more than two years!
Qualification - clause "b" of Art. 193-17 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR (as amended in 1926).
"Art. 193-17. a) Abuse of power, excess of power, inaction of power, as well as negligent attitude towards the service of a person in command of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army, if these acts were committed systematically, or for selfish reasons or other personal interest, as well as if they had as their consequence the disorganization of those entrusted to him forces, or the case entrusted to him, or the disclosure of military secrets, or other grave consequences, or even if they did not have the indicated consequences, but certainly could have them, or were committed in wartime, or in a combat situation, entail: imprisonment with or without strict isolation for a period of at least six months;
b) the same acts, in the presence of SPECIALLY aggravating circumstances, entail:
THE HIGHEST MEASURE OF SOCIAL PROTECTION;
c) the same acts, in the absence of the signs provided for in paragraphs "a" and "b" of this article, entail: the application of the Rules of the Disciplinary Regulations of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army. "
And here is the data from the criminal case of Vlasik, more precisely, from the minutes of the court session of January 17, 1955:
“The question of the court. What brought you and Stenberg closer together?
Vlasik. Of course, the rapprochement was based on joint drinking and meeting women.
The question of the court. Did he have a comfortable apartment for this?
Vlasik. I visited him very rarely.
The question of the court. Did you issue passes to Red Square for a certain Nikolayeva, who was associated with foreign journalists?
Vlasik. I only now realized that I had committed a crime by this.
The question of the court. Did you give your partner Gridusova and her husband Shrager tickets to the stands of the Dynamo stadium?
Vlasik. Gave it.
The question of the court. Did you keep secret documents in your apartment?
Vlasik. I was going to compile an album in which photographs and documents would reflect the life and work of Comrade. I.V. Stalin.
The question of the court. How did you get the radio and the receiver?
Vlasik. Vasily Stalin sent them to me as a gift. But then I gave them to the Blizhnyaya dacha.
The question of the court. What can you say about the fourteen cameras and lenses you had?
Vlasik. I got most of them from my work. I bought one Zeiss device through Vneshtorg, another device was presented to me by Comrade Serov ... "
The evidentiary part of the verdict is interesting. She's just unique.
"Vlasik's guilt in committing these crimes was proved by the testimony of witnesses interrogated in court, materials of the preliminary investigation, material evidence, as well as a partial confession of his guilt by Vlasik." And that's all.
The verdict is ten years of exile. Under the amnesty of March 27, 1953, this period was reduced by half, that is, to five years. This is stated here, in the verdict.
And the fact that Vlasik spent more than two years in Lefortovo? This does not count? And if it counts, how? There is not a word about this in the verdict.
Until May 17, 1956, for some reason, he is in custody, and this is another year and four months. True, already in the "remote area of the USSR" - in Krasnoyarsk. By way of pardon (the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was signed on May 15, 1956 by Klim Voroshilov), he was released from custody and from further serving his sentence.
Returning to Moscow, Vlasik asks for an appointment with the Prosecutor General Rudenko - he did not receive him. Submits a petition for rehabilitation to the Party Control Commission (CPC) N. Shvernik, then A. Pelshe - again a refusal. The support of marshals G. Zhukov and A. Vasilevsky did not help either.
His apartment on Gorky Street (in the building where the Tchaikovsky Concert Hall is located) was turned into a communal apartment. All property was removed during the investigation.
On June 18, 1967, NS Vlasik died of lung cancer, without achieving anything.
On the repeated appeal of his daughter about the posthumous rehabilitation of her father in 1985, the Chief Military Prosecutor A. Gorny refused.
Today, justice seems to have been restored, but again there are problems. For about a year, Vlasik's daughter Nadezhda Nikolaevna received a stream of calls and letters of clarification from the Rehabilitation Commission and the FSB that her father had been convicted not under Art. 58 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR (state crime), and under Art. 193-17 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR (simple military crime), as a result of this, NS Vlasik is allegedly not a victim of political repression, just as his daughter is not a victim.
What can I say to all this? Article 3 of the Law “On Rehabilitation” of October 18, 1991 reads: “Persons who, for political reasons, were: a) convicted of state and other crimes are subject to rehabilitation”.
NS Vlasik was convicted of "other" crimes. For political or non-political reasons? I think there can be no two opinions here.
Nikolai Sidorovich Vlasik did not shoot and did not sign execution lists, did not participate in "deuces", "triplets", "special meetings", served in good faith until he was caught between a rock and a hard place.

http://www.sovsekretno.ru/articles/id/3335/

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USSR USSR -

RankLieutenant general

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Commanded Battles / wars Awards and prizes

Russian Empire

Nikolay Sidorovich Vlasik(May 22, 1896, Bobynichi (belor.)Russian Slonim district of the Grodno province (now the Slonim district of the Grodno region) - June 18, 1967, Moscow) - employee of the USSR state security agencies. Stalin's chief of security (-). Lieutenant General ().

Service start

In 1927, he headed the Kremlin's special guard and became the de facto head of Stalin's security. At the same time, the official name of his position has changed several times due to constant reorganizations and reassignments in the security agencies. From the mid-1930s, he was the head of the department of the 1st department (protection of senior officials) of the Main Directorate of State Security of the NKVD of the USSR, from November 1938 - the head of the 1st department in the same place. In February-July 1941, this department was part of the People's Commissariat of State Security of the USSR, then it was returned to the NKVD of the USSR. Since November 1942 - First Deputy Head of the 1st Department of the NKVD of the USSR.

For many years Vlasik was Stalin's personal bodyguard and held this post the longest. Having come to his personal guard in 1931, he not only became its chief, but also took over many of the everyday problems of Stalin's family, in which Vlasik was essentially a member of the family. After the death of Stalin's wife, NS Alliluyeva, he was also a teacher of children, practically fulfilling the functions of a majordomo.

Vlasik is extremely negatively assessed by Svetlana Alliluyeva in the book "Twenty Letters to a Friend" and positively by IV Stalin's adopted son Artyom Sergeev, who believes that the role and contribution of NS Vlasik have not yet been fully appreciated.

His main responsibility was to ensure the safety of Stalin. This work was inhuman. Always the responsibility of the head, always life on the edge. He knew both friends and enemies of Stalin very well. And he knew that his life and the life of Stalin were very closely interconnected, and it was no coincidence that when he was suddenly arrested one and a half or two months before Stalin's death, he said: "I was arrested, so soon Stalin will not be there." And, indeed, after this arrest, Stalin lived a little.

What kind of work did Vlasik have? It was work day and night, there was no 6-8 hour working day. He had a job all his life, and he lived near Stalin. Next to Stalin's room was Vlasik's room ...

He understood that he was living for Stalin in order to ensure the work of Stalin, and therefore the Soviet state. Vlasik and Poskrebyshev were like two props for that colossal activity, not yet fully appreciated, that Stalin was leading, but they remained in the shadows. And they did badly with Poskrebyshev, and even worse with Vlasik.
Artyom Sergeev. "Conversations about Stalin".


NS Vlasik with JV Stalin and his son Vasily. Near dacha in Volynsky, 1935	N. S. Vlasik with his wife Maria Semyonovna, 1930s	N. S. Vlasik (far right) accompanies I. V. Stalin at the Potsdam Conference, August 1, 1945	NS Vlasik in his office. Early 1940s

Since 1947, he was a deputy of the Moscow City Council of Working People of the 2nd convocation.

Arrest, trial, exile

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 15, 1956, Vlasik was pardoned with a removal of his criminal record, but he was not reinstated in military rank and awards.

In his memoirs, Vlasik wrote:

Last years

Lived in Moscow. He died on June 18, 1967 in Moscow from lung cancer. Buried at the New Donskoy cemetery.

Rehabilitation

Awards

St. George cross, 4th degree
Three Orders of Lenin (04/26/1940, 02/21/1945, 09/16/1945)
Three Orders of the Red Banner (08/28/1937, 09/20/1943, 11/3/1944)
Order of the Red Star (05/14/1936)
Order of Kutuzov I degree (02.24.1945)
Medal of the XX years of the Red Army (02.22.1938)
Two badges Honorary Worker of the Cheka-GPU (12/20/1932, 12/16/1935)

Rank

Major of State Security (12/11/1935)
Senior Major of State Security (04/26/1938)
State Security Commissioner of the 3rd rank (12/28/1938)
Lieutenant General (07/12/1945)

Personal life and hobbies

Nikolai Vlasik was fond of photography. He is the author of many unique photographs of Joseph Stalin, members of his family and those closest to him.

Wife - Maria Semyonovna Vlasik (1908-1996). Daughter - Nadezhda Nikolaevna Vlasik-Mikhailova (born 1935), worked as an art editor and graphic artist at the Nauka publishing house.

Film incarnations

- "Inner Circle", in the role of NS Vlasik - People's Artist of the USSR Oleg Tabakov.
- “Stalin. Live ”, in the role of NS Vlasik - Yuri Gamayunov.
- "Yalta-45", in the role of NS Vlasik - Boris Kamorzin.
- "Son of the Father of Nations", in the role of NS Vlasik - Honored Artist of Russia Yuri Lakhin.
- "Kill Stalin", in the role of NS Vlasik - People's Artist of Russia Vladimir Yumatov.
- The documentary series "Vlasik", in the role of NS Vlasik - Konstantin Milovanov.

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Literature

Vlasik N. S."Memories of J. V. Stalin"
// Petrov N.V., Skorkin K.V./ Ed. N.G. Okhotin and A. B. Roginsky. - M .: Zvenya, 1999 .-- 502 p. - 3000 copies. - ISBN 5-7870-0032-3.
V. Loginov.... - M .: Contemporary, 2000 .-- 152 p. - ISBN 5-270-01297-9.
Artyom Sergeev, Ekaterina Glushik. Conversations about Stalin. - M .: Krymsky Most-9D, 2006 .-- 192 p. - (Stalin: Primary Sources). - 5000 copies. - ISBN 5-89747-067-7.
Artyom Sergeev, Ekaterina Glushik. How IV Stalin lived, worked and raised his children. Eyewitness testimony. - M .: Krymsky Most-9D, STC "Forum", 2011. - 288 p. - (Stalin: Primary Sources). - 2000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-89747-062-4.

Notes (edit)

An excerpt characterizing Vlasik, Nikolai Sidorovich

The valet, returning, reported to the count that Moscow was on fire. The count put on his robe and went out to look. Sonia, who had not yet undressed, and madame Schoss went out with him. Natasha and the Countess were left alone in the room. (Petit was no longer with his family; he went ahead with his regiment, marching towards Trinity.)
The Countess burst into tears when she heard the news of the Moscow fire. Natasha, pale, with fixed eyes, who was sitting under the icons on the bench (in the very place where she had sat down when she arrived), did not pay any attention to her father's words. She listened to the incessant groan of the adjutant, heard from three houses.
- Oh, what a horror! - Said, returning from the yard, cold and frightened Sonya. - I think all Moscow will burn, a terrible glow! Natasha, look now, you can see from the window from here, ”she said to her sister, apparently wanting to entertain her with something. But Natasha looked at her, as if not understanding what was being asked of her, and again fixed her eyes at the corner of the stove. Natasha had been in this state of tetanus since this morning, since the very time when Sonya, to the countess's surprise and annoyance, for some unknown reason, found it necessary to announce to Natasha about Prince Andrey's wound and about his presence with them on the train. The Countess was angry with Sonya, as she was rarely angry. Sonya cried and asked for forgiveness, and now, as if trying to make amends for her guilt, she did not stop caring for her sister.
“Look, Natasha, how terribly it burns,” said Sonya.
- What's burning? Natasha asked. - Oh, yes, Moscow.
And as if in order not to offend Sonya with a refusal and to get rid of her, she moved her head to the window, looked so that, obviously, she could not see anything, and again sat down in her previous position.
- Have you seen?
“No, really, I saw,” she said in a pleading voice for peace.
It was clear to both the countess and Sonya that Moscow, the fire of Moscow, whatever, of course, could not matter to Natasha.
The count went behind the partition again and lay down. The countess went up to Natasha, touched her head with an inverted hand, as she did when her daughter was sick, then touched her forehead with her lips, as if to find out if there was a fever, and kissed her.
- You're cold. You're trembling all over. You should go to bed, ”she said.
- Go to bed? Yes, okay, I'll go to bed. I'll go to bed now, ”Natasha said.
Since Natasha had been told this morning that Prince Andrei had been seriously wounded and was traveling with them, she only asked a lot in the first minute about where? as? is he dangerously injured? and can she see him? But after she was told that she could not see him, that he was seriously wounded, but that his life was not in danger, she obviously did not believe what she was told, but making sure that no matter how much she said, she would be answer the same thing, stopped asking and talking. All the way with her big eyes, which the countess knew so well and of which expression was so afraid, Natasha sat motionless in the corner of the carriage and was now sitting in the same way on the bench on which she sat. Something she was planning, something she was deciding, or had already decided in her mind now — the countess knew that, but what it was, she did not know, and it frightened and tormented her.
- Natasha, undress, my dear, lie down on my bed. (Only one countess had a bed on the bed; m me Schoss and both young ladies had to sleep on the floor in the hay.)
“No, Mom, I'll lie here on the floor,” Natasha said angrily, went to the window and opened it. The aide-de-camp's groan was heard more clearly from the open window. She stuck her head out into the damp air of the night, and the Countess saw her slender shoulders shaking with sobs and hitting the frame. Natasha knew that it was not Prince Andrew who was moaning. She knew that Prince Andrew was lying in the same connection where they were, in another hut through the passage; but this terrible, incessant groan made her sob. The Countess exchanged glances with Sonya.
“Lie down, my dear, lie down, my friend,” said the countess, lightly touching Natasha's shoulder with her hand. - Well, lie down.
"Oh, yes ... I'll go to bed now, now," said Natasha, hastily undressing and breaking off the ties of her skirts. Throwing off her dress and putting on a jacket, she twisted her legs, sat down on the bed prepared on the floor and, throwing her short thin braid over her shoulder in front, began to intertwine it. Thin long familiar fingers quickly, deftly disassembled, weaved, tied a braid. Natasha's head with a habitual gesture turned in one direction or the other, but her eyes, feverishly open, stared straight ahead. When the night suit was finished, Natasha quietly sank down on a sheet laid on hay at the edge of the door.
- Natasha, you lie in the middle, - said Sonya.
“No, I'm here,” Natasha said. “But go to bed,” she added with annoyance. And she buried her face in the pillow.
The Countess, m me Schoss and Sonya hastily undressed and lay down. One lamp remained in the room. But in the courtyard it was brightening from the fire of Malye Mytishchi two miles away, and the drunken shouts of the people in the tavern, which the Mamonov Cossacks had smashed, boomed, on the crossing, in the street, and the incessant groan of the adjutant was heard.
For a long time Natasha listened to the internal and external sounds that reached her, and did not move. At first she heard the prayer and sighs of her mother, the crackling of her bed under her, the familiar snoring of m me Schoss, the quiet breathing of Sonya. Then the Countess called out to Natasha. Natasha did not answer her.
“It seems she’s asleep, Mom,” Sonya answered quietly. The Countess, after a pause, called again, but no one answered her.
Soon after that Natasha heard her mother's even breathing. Natasha did not move, in spite of the fact that her little bare foot, knocked out from under the blanket, was chilly on the bare floor.
As if celebrating a victory over everyone, a cricket screamed in the crack. A cock crowed far away, loved ones responded. The screams died down in the tavern, only the same aide-de-camp could be heard. Natasha got up.
- Sonya? do you sleep? Mama? She whispered. Nobody answered. Natasha slowly and carefully got up, crossed herself and stepped carefully with her narrow and flexible bare feet on the dirty, cold floor. The floorboard creaked. She, quickly shifting her legs, ran like a kitten a few steps and took hold of the cold bracket of the door.
It seemed to her that something heavy, striking evenly, knocking on all the walls of the hut: it was her heart that was breaking with fear, with horror and love, beating.
She opened the door, stepped over the threshold and stepped onto the damp, cold ground of the vestibule. The embracing cold refreshed her. She felt with her bare foot the sleeping man, stepped over him and opened the door to the hut where Prince Andrew lay. It was dark in this hut. In the back corner by the bed, on which something was lying, there was a tallow candle burned out by a large mushroom on a bench.
In the morning Natasha, when she was told about the wound and the presence of Prince Andrey, decided that she should see him. She did not know what it was for, but she knew that the meeting would be painful, and even more so she was convinced that it was necessary.
All day she lived only in the hope that at night she would see him. But now that that moment had come, the horror of what she would see came over her. How was he disfigured? What was left of him? Was he what the incessant groan of the adjutant was? Yes, he was like that. He was in her imagination the personification of this terrible groan. When she saw an obscure mass in the corner and took his raised knees under the covers by his shoulders, she imagined some kind of terrible body and stopped in horror. But an irresistible force drew her forward. She carefully stepped one step, then another, and found herself in the middle of a small cluttered hut. In the hut, under the icons, another person was lying on benches (it was Timokhin), and two other people were lying on the floor (they were a doctor and a valet).
The valet rose and whispered something. Timokhin, suffering from pain in his wounded leg, did not sleep and with all his eyes looked at the strange appearance of a girl in a bad shirt, jacket and eternal cap. The sleepy and frightened words of the valet; "What do you need, why?" - they only made Natasha come closer to the one that was in the corner as soon as possible. No matter how scary, it was not like a human this body, she should have seen it. She passed the valet: the burnt mushroom of the candle fell, and she clearly saw Prince Andrey lying with his arms outstretched on the blanket, as she had always seen him.
He was the same as always; but the inflamed complexion of his face, the sparkling eyes fixed with enthusiasm at her, and especially the delicate childish neck protruding from the laid-back collar of his shirt, gave him a special, innocent, childish look, which, however, she had never seen in Prince Andrew. She went up to him and with a quick, flexible, youthful movement knelt down.
He smiled and held out his hand to her.

For Prince Andrey, seven days have passed since the time he woke up at the dressing station of the Borodino field. All this time he was almost in constant unconsciousness. The hot condition and inflammation of the intestines, which were damaged, according to the doctor, who was traveling with the wounded, should have carried him away. But on the seventh day he ate a slice of bread and tea with pleasure, and the doctor noticed that the general fever had subsided. Prince Andrew regained consciousness in the morning. The first night after leaving Moscow it was rather warm, and Prince Andrey was left to spend the night in a carriage; but in Mytishchi the wounded man himself demanded to be carried out and given tea. The pain caused by carrying him to the hut made Prince Andrei moan loudly and lose consciousness again. When they laid him down on the camp bed, he lay for a long time with his eyes closed, motionless. Then he opened them and whispered softly: "What about tea?" The doctor was struck by this memory for the small details of life. He felt his pulse and, to his surprise and displeasure, noticed that the pulse was better. To his displeasure, the doctor noticed this because he was convinced from his own experience that Prince Andrew could not live and that if he did not die now, he would only die with great suffering some time after. With Prince Andrey, they were carrying a major of his regiment Timokhin with a red nose, who had joined them in Moscow, wounded in the leg in the same battle of Borodino. With them rode a doctor, the prince's valet, his coachman and two orderlies.
Prince Andrew was given tea. He drank greedily, looking ahead at the door with feverish eyes, as if trying to understand and remember something.
- I don’t want any more. Is Timokhin here? - he asked. Timokhin crawled along the bench to him.
“I am here, Your Excellency.
- How is the wound?
- My then with? Nothing. Here you are? - Prince Andrew again pondered, as if remembering something.
- Could you get a book? - he said.
- Which book?
- The Gospel! I do not have.
The doctor promised to get it and began to ask the prince about what he was feeling. Prince Andrey reluctantly, but reasonably answered all the doctor's questions and then said that he should have a roller, otherwise it was awkward and very painful. The doctor and the valet lifted the greatcoat with which he was covered, and, wincing at the heavy smell of rotten meat that spread from the wound, they began to examine this terrible place. The doctor was very dissatisfied with something, that he had changed something differently, turned the wounded man over so that he groaned again and again lost consciousness from pain while turning and became delirious. He kept talking about getting this book out for him as soon as possible and putting it there.
- And what does it cost you! - he said. “I don’t have it.”
The doctor went out into the hallway to wash his hands.
“Oh, shameless ones, really,” the doctor said to the valet, who was pouring water into his arms. “I didn’t finish it for a minute. After all, you put it right on the wound. It's such a pain that I wonder how he endures.
- We seem to have planted, Lord Jesus Christ, - said the valet.
For the first time, Prince Andrei understood where he was and what had happened to him, and remembered that he was wounded and how, at the moment when the carriage stopped in Mytishchi, he asked to go to the hut. Confused again from pain, he came to his senses another time in the hut, when he was drinking tea, and then again, repeating in his recollection everything that happened to him, he most vividly imagined that moment at the dressing station, when, at the sight of the suffering of a person he did not love , these new thoughts that promised him happiness came to him. And these thoughts, although vague and indefinite, now again took possession of his soul. He remembered that he now had a new happiness and that this happiness had something in common with the Gospel. Therefore, he asked for the Gospel. But the bad position that the wound had given him, the new turning over again confused his thoughts, and for the third time he woke up to life in the perfect silence of the night. Everyone slept around him. The cricket was screaming through the passage, in the street someone was shouting and singing, cockroaches rustled across the table and images, in the autumn a fat fly was beating at his head and near a tallow candle, burnt by a large mushroom and standing beside him.
His soul was not in a normal state. A healthy person usually thinks, feels and remembers at the same time about an innumerable number of objects, but he has the power and strength, having chosen one series of thoughts or phenomena, to stop all his attention on this series of phenomena. A healthy person breaks away in a minute of the deepest reflection to say a courteous word to the person who has entered, and again returns to his thoughts. The soul of Prince Andrew was not in a normal state in this respect. All the forces of his soul were more active, clearer than ever, but they acted outside his will. The most diverse thoughts and ideas simultaneously possessed him. Sometimes his thought suddenly began to work, and with such strength, clarity and depth, with which it had never been able to act in a healthy state; but suddenly, in the middle of her work, she broke off, was replaced by some unexpected idea, and there was no strength to return to her.
“Yes, a new happiness was revealed to me, inalienable from man,” he thought, lying in a semi-dark quiet hut and looking ahead with feverishly open, frozen eyes. Happiness that is beyond material forces, beyond material external influences on a person, the happiness of one soul, the happiness of love! Any person can understand it, but only one god can recognize and prescribe it. But how did God enact this law? Why a son? .. And suddenly the train of these thoughts was cut off, and Prince Andrew heard (not knowing whether he was delirious or in reality hears it), heard some quiet, whispering voice, incessantly repeating in time: "And drink and drink" then "And ti tii" again "and piti piti piti" again "and ti ti". At the same time, to the sound of this whispering music, Prince Andrey felt that over his face, over the very middle, some strange airy building of thin needles or splinters was erected. He felt (although it was hard for him) that he had to diligently keep his balance so that the building that was being erected would not collapse; but it all the same collapsed and again slowly rose up with the sounds of evenly whispering music. “Stretches! stretches! stretches and everything stretches, "- said Prince Andrew to himself. Along with listening to the whisper and with the feeling of this stretching and erecting building made of needles, Prince Andrey saw in fits and starts the red light of a candle surrounded by a circle and heard the rustle of cockroaches and the rustle of a fly beating on the pillow and on his face. And every time a fly touched his face, it produced a burning sensation; but at the same time he was surprised that, striking the very area of the building erected on his face, the fly did not destroy it. But, besides this, there was one more important thing. It was white at the door, it was a sphinx statue that was crushing him too.

During the years of perestroika, when practically all people from Stalin's entourage in the advanced Soviet press were bombarded with all kinds of accusations, the most unenviable share fell to General Vlasik. The long-term head of Stalin's security appeared in these materials as a real lackey who adored the owner, a chain dog, ready at his command to rush at anyone, greedy, vindictive and selfish.

Among those who did not spare negative epithets for Vlasik was Stalin's daughter Svetlana Alliluyeva. But the leader's bodyguard at one time had to become practically the main educator for both Svetlana and Vasily.

Nikolai Sidorovich Vlasik spent a quarter of a century next to Stalin, protecting the life of the Soviet leader. The leader lived without his bodyguard for less than a year.

From the parish school to the Cheka

Nikolai Vlasik was born on May 22, 1896 in Western Belarus, in the village of Bobynichi, into a poor peasant family. The boy lost his parents early and could not count on a good education. After three classes of the parish school, Nikolai went to work. From the age of 13 he worked as a laborer at a construction site, then as a bricklayer, then as a loader at a paper mill.

In March 1915, Vlasik was drafted into the army and sent to the front. During the First World War, he served in the 167th Ostrog Infantry Regiment, and was awarded the St.George Cross for bravery in battles. After being wounded, Vlasik was promoted to non-commissioned officer and appointed commander of a platoon of the 251st infantry regiment, which was stationed in Moscow.

During the October Revolution, Nikolai Vlasik, a native of the very bottom, quickly determined his political choice: together with the entrusted platoon, he went over to the side of the Bolsheviks.

At first he served in the Moscow militia, then took part in the Civil War, was wounded near Tsaritsyn. In September 1919, Vlasik was sent to the Cheka, where he served in the central office under the command of Felix Dzerzhinsky himself.

Master of Security and Household

Since May 1926, Nikolai Vlasik served as a senior commissioner of the Operations Department of the OGPU.

As Vlasik himself recalled, his work as Stalin's bodyguard began in 1927 after an emergency in the capital: a bomb was thrown into the building of the commandant's office on Lubyanka. The operative, who was on vacation, was recalled and announced: from that moment on, he was entrusted with the protection of the Special Department of the Cheka, the Kremlin, members of the government at dachas, walks. Particular attention was ordered to be paid to the personal protection of Joseph Stalin.

Despite the sad history of the attempt on Lenin's life, by 1927 the protection of the first persons of the state in the USSR was not particularly careful.

Stalin was accompanied by only one guard: the Lithuanian Yusis. Vlasik was even more surprised when they arrived at the dacha, where Stalin usually spent the weekend. One commandant lived in the dacha, there was no linen or dishes, and the leader ate sandwiches brought from Moscow.

Like all Belarusian peasants, Nikolai Sidorovich Vlasik was a solid and homely man. He took up not only the protection, but also the arrangement of Stalin's life.

The leader, accustomed to asceticism, was at first skeptical about the innovations of the new bodyguard. But Vlasik was persistent: a cook and a cleaning lady appeared at the dacha, and food supplies were arranged from the nearest state farm. At that moment, there was not even a telephone connection with Moscow at the dacha, and it appeared through the efforts of Vlasik.

Over time, Vlasik created a whole system of dachas in the Moscow region and in the south, where well-trained personnel were ready at any time to receive the Soviet leader. It goes without saying that these objects were guarded in the most careful way.

The security system for important government facilities existed before Vlasik, but he became the developer of security measures for the first person of the state during his trips around the country, official events, and international meetings.

Stalin's bodyguard came up with a system according to which the first person and the people accompanying him move in a cavalcade of identical cars, and only personal security officers know which of them the leader is traveling in. Subsequently, such a scheme saved the life of Leonid Brezhnev, who was assassinated in 1969.

An irreplaceable and especially trusted person

Within a few years, Vlasik became for Stalin an irreplaceable and especially trusted person. After the death of Nadezhda Alliluyeva, Stalin entrusted his bodyguard with taking care of the children: Svetlana, Vasily and his adopted son Artem Sergeev.

Nikolai Sidorovich was not a teacher, but he tried as best he could. If Svetlana and Artyom did not give him much trouble, then Vasily was uncontrollable from childhood. Vlasik, knowing that Stalin would not let his children descend, tried, as far as possible, to mitigate Vasily's sins in his reports to his father.

But over the years the "pranks" became more and more serious, and the role of the "lightning rod" became more and more difficult for Vlasik to play.

Svetlana and Artyom, as adults, wrote about their "tutor" in different ways. Stalin's daughter in "Twenty Letters to a Friend" characterized Vlasik as follows: "He headed all the guard of his father, considered himself almost the closest person to him, being himself incredibly illiterate, rude, stupid, but noble ..."

"He had a job all his life, and he lived near Stalin."

Artyom Sergeev expressed himself differently in Conversations about Stalin: “His main duty was to ensure the safety of Stalin. This work was inhuman. Always the responsibility of the head, always life on the edge. He knew very well both friends and enemies of Stalin ... What kind of work did Vlasik have? It was work day and night, there was no 6-8 hour working day. He had a job all his life, and he lived near Stalin. Next to Stalin's room was Vlasik's room ... "

For ten to fifteen years, Nikolai Vlasik from an ordinary bodyguard turned into a general heading a huge structure responsible not only for security, but also for the life of the first persons of the state.

During the war, the evacuation of the government, members of the diplomatic corps and the people's commissariats from Moscow fell on Vlasik's shoulders. It was necessary not only to deliver them to Kuibyshev, but also to place them, equip them in a new place, and think over security issues. The evacuation of Lenin's body from Moscow was also the task that Vlasik performed. He was also responsible for security at the parade on Red Square on November 7, 1941.

The assassination attempt in Gagra

For all the years that Vlasik was responsible for Stalin's life, not a single hair fell from his head. At the same time, the head of the leader's security, judging by his recollections, took the threat of assassination very seriously. Even in his declining years, he was convinced that the Trotskyist groups were preparing the assassination of Stalin.

In 1935, Vlasik really had to cover the leader from bullets. During a boat trip in the Gagra region, fire was opened on them from the shore. The bodyguard covered Stalin with his body, but both were lucky: the bullets did not hit them. The boat left the firing zone.

Vlasik considered this a real attempt, and his opponents later believed that it was all a production. Judging by the circumstances, there was a misunderstanding. The border guards were not informed about Stalin's boat trip, and they mistook him for an offender.

Cow abuse?

During the Great Patriotic War, Vlasik was responsible for ensuring security at the conferences of the heads of the countries participating in the anti-Hitler coalition and coped with his task brilliantly. For the successful holding of the conference in Tehran, Vlasik was awarded the Order of Lenin, for the Crimean Conference - the Order of Kutuzov I degree, for the Potsdam Conference - another Order of Lenin.

But the Potsdam conference was the reason for accusations of misappropriation of property: it was argued that after its completion, Vlasik removed various valuables from Germany, including a horse, two cows and one bull. Subsequently, this fact was cited as an example of the irrepressible greed of the Stalinist bodyguard.

Vlasik himself recalled that this story had a completely different background. In 1941, his native village of Bobynichi was captured by the Germans. The house in which the sister lived was burned down, half of the village was shot, the sister's eldest daughter was hijacked to work in Germany, the cow and horse were taken away. My sister and her husband went to the partisans, and after the liberation of Belarus they returned to their native village, of which little remained. Stalin's bodyguard brought cattle from Germany for loved ones.

Was it abuse? If approached with a strict measure, then perhaps yes. However, Stalin, when the case was first reported to him, abruptly ordered further investigation to cease.

Opal

In 1946, Lieutenant General Nikolai Vlasik became the head of the Main Directorate of Security: a department with an annual budget of 170 million rubles and a staff of many thousands.

He did not fight for power, but at the same time made a huge number of enemies. Being too close to Stalin, Vlasik had the opportunity to influence the attitude of the leader towards this or that person, he decided who would get wider access to the first person, and who would be denied such an opportunity.

Many high-ranking officials of the country passionately wanted to get rid of Vlasik. Compromising evidence on the Stalinist bodyguard was meticulously collected, drop by drop undermining the leader's trust in him.

In 1948, the commandant of the so-called "Blizhnyaya Dacha" Fedoseyev was arrested, who testified that Vlasik intended to poison Stalin. But the leader again did not take this accusation seriously: if the bodyguard had such intentions, he could have realized his plans a long time ago.

In 1952, by decision of the Politburo, a commission was created to check the activities of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of State Security of the USSR. This time, extremely unpleasant facts surfaced, looking quite plausible. The guards and the staff of the special tasks, who were empty for weeks, arranged real orgies there, plundered food and expensive drinks. Later, there were witnesses who assured that Vlasik himself was not averse to relaxing in this way.

On April 29, 1952, on the basis of these materials, Nikolai Vlasik was removed from his post and sent to the Urals, to the city of Asbest, the deputy head of the Bazhenov labor camp of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.

"Cohabited with women and drank alcohol in his spare time"

Why did Stalin suddenly give up on the man who honestly served him for 25 years? Perhaps, it was all the fault of the suspicion that had become aggravated in the leader in recent years. It is possible that Stalin considered the waste of state funds on drunken revelry too serious a sin. There is also a third assumption. It is known that the Soviet leader during this period began to promote young leaders, and to his former comrades-in-arms he openly said: "It's time to change you." Perhaps Stalin felt that the time had come to replace Vlasik as well.

Be that as it may, very difficult times came for the former head of the Stalinist guard.

In December 1952 he was arrested in connection with the "Doctors' Plot". He was blamed for the fact that he ignored the statements of Lydia Timashuk, who accused the professors who treated the first persons of the state of sabotage.

Vlasik himself wrote in his memoirs that there was no reason to believe Timashuk: "There was no information discrediting the professors, which I reported to Stalin."

In prison, Vlasik was interrogated with passion for several months. For a man who was already well over 50, the disgraced bodyguard stood firm. Was ready to admit "moral decay" and even waste of funds, but not conspiracy and espionage. “I really cohabited with many women, drank alcohol with them and the artist Stenberg, but all this happened at the expense of my personal health and in my free time from service,” - this is how his testimony sounded.

Could Vlasik prolong the life of the leader?

On March 5, 1953, Joseph Stalin died. Even if we discard the dubious version of the murder of the leader, Vlasik, if he remained in his post, could well extend his life. When the leader became ill at the Blizhnyaya dacha, for several hours he lay on the floor of his room without help: the guards did not dare to enter Stalin's chambers. There is no doubt that Vlasik would not have allowed this.

After the death of the leader, the "case of doctors" was closed. All of his defendants were released, except for Nikolai Vlasik. The collapse of Lawrence Beria in June 1953 did not bring him freedom.

In January 1955, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR found Nikolai Vlasik guilty of abuse of office under especially aggravating circumstances, sentencing him under Art. 193-17 p. "B" of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR to 10 years of exile, deprivation of the general's rank and state awards. In March 1955, Vlasik's term was reduced to 5 years. They were sent to serve their sentence in Krasnoyarsk.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 15, 1956, Vlasik was pardoned with a removal of his criminal record, but he was not reinstated in military rank and awards.

"Not a single minute did I have anger in my soul against Stalin"

He returned to Moscow, where he had almost nothing left: the property was confiscated, a separate apartment was turned into a communal one. Vlasik pounded the doorsteps of the offices, wrote to the leaders of the party and government, asked for rehabilitation and reinstatement in the party, but everywhere he was refused.

Secretly, he began to dictate memoirs, in which he talked about how he saw his life, why he committed certain actions, how he treated Stalin.

“After Stalin’s death, such an expression appeared as“ the cult of personality ”... If a person - the leader of his affairs, deserves the love and respect of those around him, what's wrong with that ... The people loved and respected Stalin. He personified the country that he led to prosperity and victories, - wrote Nikolai Vlasik. “A lot of good things were done under his leadership, and the people saw it. He enjoyed great prestige. I knew him very closely ... And I affirm that he lived only in the interests of the country, the interests of his people. "

“It is easy to blame a person for all mortal sins when he is dead and can neither be justified nor defend himself. Why, during his lifetime, no one dared to point out to him his mistakes? What was in the way? Fear? Or were there no errors that needed to be pointed out?

Tsar Ivan IV was terrible for that, but there were people who loved their homeland, who, without fear of death, pointed out to him his mistakes. Or were brave people transferred to Russia? " - so thought the Stalinist bodyguard.

Summing up his memoirs and his whole life in general, Vlasik wrote: “Having not a single penalty, but only one encouragement and reward, I was expelled from the party and thrown into prison.

But never, not a single minute, no matter what state I was in, no matter what bullying I was subjected to while in prison, I had no evil in my soul against Stalin. I perfectly understood what kind of environment was created around him in the last years of his life. How difficult it was for him. He was an old, sick, lonely person ... He was and remains the most dear person to me, and no slander can shake the feeling of love and deepest respect that I have always had for this wonderful person. He personified for me everything that was light and dear in my life - the party, my homeland and my people ”.

Posthumously rehabilitated

Nikolai Sidorovich Vlasik died on June 18, 1967. His archive was confiscated and classified. Only in 2011, the Federal Security Service declassified the notes of the person who, in fact, stood at the origins of its creation.

Vlasik's relatives have repeatedly made attempts to achieve his rehabilitation. After several refusals, on June 28, 2000, by a resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Court of Russia, the 1955 sentence was canceled, and the criminal case was dropped "for lack of corpus delicti."

Nikolai vlasik. Stalin's bodyguard. The real story of Nikolai Vlasik "Lying drunk at the dacha" is nonsense

Biography

Arrest, trial, exile

Stalin's chief of security

Awards

Special and military ranks

Service start

Arrest, trial, exile

Last years

Rehabilitation

Awards

Rank

Personal life and hobbies

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