What is a combustibility group G1. Building materials, their properties and changes in the fire The calculation of building materials for fire danger is based

In accordance with SNiP 21-01-97 "Fire safety of buildings and structures" fire danger of building materials is characterized by the following indicators:

combustion;

flammability;

the spread of the flame on the surface;

smoke-forming ability;

toxicity of combustion products.

In combustion, building materials are divided into non-combustible (NG) and combustible (g). Combustible building materials are divided into four groups:

Г1 - weallor;

G2 - moderate bore;

G3 is normal-burning;

G4 - Silnogorbish.

On flammability, combustible building materials are divided into three groups:

81 - hard-flameable;

82 - moderately relocated;

83 - flammable.

For the spread of a flame on the surface, combustible building materials are divided into four groups:

RP1 - non-prolonged flames;

RP2 is a weak-bearing flame;

RP3 - moderately aspressive flames;

RP4 is strongly aspirable flames.

Group building materials The flame propagation is mounted only for surface layers of the roof and floors (including for carpeting).

For smoke-forming ability, combustible building materials are divided into three groups:

D1 - with low smoke-forming ability;

D2 - with moderate smoke-forming ability;

D3 - with high smoke-forming ability;

By toxicity of combustion products, combustible building materials are divided into four groups:

T1 - low hazard;

T2 - moderate;

T3 - highly hazard;

T4 - extremely dangerous.

Fire pricing conditions when using substances and materials

To ensure fire-safety processes of production, processing, storage and transportation of substances and materials, it is necessary data on indicators of fire hazard and materials to use with security coefficients shown in Table. 3.

Fire prevention method, explosion	Regulatory parameter	Fire-security conditions
Preventing the formation of a combustible environment
Restriction of flammability and flammability of substances and materials	Flavoring substances (material)	The combustibility of substances (material) should not be more regulated
Preventing formation B.
combustible environment (or introduction in
it) ignition sources

Reproducibility of the method of determining the indicator of fire danger in the trust probability of 95%;

Safe temperature, ° C;

Permissible flash point, ° C;

Flash temperature in a closed crucible, ° C;

Determined by the following fire and technical characteristics: flammability, flame spread over the surface, flammability, smoking ability, toxicity of combustion products. These indicators establish the range of fire-risk indicators of flame retardant compositions to determine their field of application in the construction and decoration of buildings and premises.

Spray

Building materials are divided into non-combustible (NG) and combustible (g). The materials treated with flame retardant compounds may have one of the 4 groups: G1 - wealling, g2 - moderatelyorbish, g3 - normal-burning, G4 - strong-burning.
Flavoring and combustibility groups are installed according to GOST 30244-94.

4 samples are taken for burning testing - boards treated fire retardant composition. From these samples builds a box. It is placed in a chamber in which 4 gas-burners. The burners are ignited in such a way that the flame affects the lower surface of the samples. At the end of the combustion, they measure: the temperature of the exhaust flue gases, the length of the damaged section of the sample, mass, the time of residual burning. After analyzing these indicators treated with flame retardant composition, wood belongs to one of the four groups.

Flame spread

Flawing construction materials for the spread of a flame on the surface are divided into 4 groups: RP1 - non-proliferation, RP2 - weak-rapid, RP3 - moderately aspressive, RP4 - strongly radiators.

GOST R 51032-97 regulates the methods of testing materials tests (including those treated with flame retardant compositions) for flame proliferation. For testing tests, the heat of the radiation panel is exposed to under a small angle and heated to a certain temperature. Depending on the density of the heat flux, the value of which is installed along the length of the flame propagation in the sample, the material treated with the flame retardant composition, is assigned one of four groups.

Flammability

Felous construction materials on flammability are divided into groups: B1 - the reflare, B2 - are moderately ignorable, B3 - flammable.

GOST 30402 determines the methods of testing materials for ignituability. The group is determined depending on which the thermal flow of the radiation panel is ignition.

Smoke-forming ability

For this indicator, materials are divided into 3 groups: D1 - with low smoke-forming ability, D2 - with a moderate smoke-forming ability, D3 - with high smoke-forming ability.
Groups for smoke-forming ability are set according to GOST 12.1.044. For testing, the sample is placed in a special chamber and burned. During the combustion, the optical density of smoke is measured. Depending on this indicator, wood with flame retardant composition is referred to one of three groups.

Toxicity

According to toxicity of combustion products, 4 groups of materials are distinguished: T1 - low-hazard, T2 - moderate, T3 - High-masted, T4 - extremely harassment. Toxicity groups are installed according to GOST 12.1.044.

A combustion group - This is the classification characteristic of the ability of substances and materials to.

When determining the fire hazard of substances and materials (), distinguish :

• gases - These are substances, the pressure of saturated vapors of which at a temperature of 25 ° C and a pressure of 101.3 kPa exceeds 101.3 kPa;
• liquids - These are substances, the pressure of saturated vapors of which at a temperature of 25 ° C and a pressure of 101.3 kPa less than 101.3 kPa. Liquids also include solid melting substances, melting point or dripping of which are less than 50 ° C.
• solids and materials - These are individual substances and their mixture compositions with a melting point or dropping point greater than 50 ° C, as well as substances that do not have a melting point (for example, wood, fabrics, etc.).
• dust - These are dispersed solids and materials with particle size of less than 850 microns.

One of the indicators of fire hazardiness of substances and materials is a combustion group.

Substances and materials

According to GOST 12.1.044-89, the combustible substances and materials are divided into the following groups ( with the exception of building, textile and leather Materials ):

1. Non-combustible.
2. Harmony.
3. Combustible.

Non-combustible - These are substances and materials, unable to burn in the air. Non-combustible substances can be fire-free (for example, oxidizing agents or substances excreting combustible products when interacting with water, air oxygen or other).

Harmony - These are substances and materials capable of burning in the air when exposed to the ignition source, but unable to burn after it is removed.

Gorry - These are substances and materials capable of self-turn, as well as ignite when exposed to the source of ignition and burn yourself after removing it.

The essence of the experimental method of determining the combustibility is to create temperature conditionscontributing to the burning and assessment of the behavior of the studied substances and materials under these conditions.

Solid (including dust)

The material belongs to the non-combustible group, if the following conditions are met:

• the average temperature change in the furnace, on the surface and inside the sample does not exceed 50 ° C;
• the medium-briefing value of the mass loss for five samples does not exceed 50% of their average value of the initial mass after air conditioning;
• the average-parent value of the duration of stable burning of five samples does not exceed 10 s. The test results of five samples in which the duration of stable burning is less than 10 s, taken equal to zero.

By the value of the maximum temperature increment (Δt max) and the mass loss (Δm), materials are classified:

• difficult: ΔT Max< 60 °С и Δm < 60%;
• combustible: Δt max ≥ 60 ° C or Δm ≥ 60%.

Combustible materials are divided depending on the time (τ) achievement (T MAX) on:

• faceless: τ\u003e 4 min;
• average flammability: 0,5 ≤ τ ≤ 4 min;
• flammable: τ.< 0,5 мин.

Gases

In the presence of concentration limits The spread of flame gas belongs to combustible ; In the absence of concentration limits of the spread of the flame and the presence of a temperature of self-ignition gas refer to difficult to work ; In the absence of concentration limits of the spread of flames and the temperature of self-ignition gas refer to negustic .

Liquids

In the presence of ignition temperature, the liquid belongs to combustible ; In the absence of ignition temperature and self-oscillating temperature, the liquid belongs to difficult to work . In the absence of flash temperatures, ignition, self-ignition, temperature and concentration limits of flame propagation, liquid belongs to the group negustic . Combustible fluids with an outbreak temperature of not more than 61 ° C in a closed crucible or 66 ° C in an open crucible, tipflemic mixtures that do not have a flash in the closed crucible belong to flammable . Particularly dangerous Called flammable liquids with a flash point of no more than 28 ° C.

Classification of building materials

Definition of a combustibility group

The fire danger of construction, textile and leather materials is characterized by the following properties:

1. The ability to spread flame on the surface.
2. Smoke-forming ability.
3. Toxicity of combustion products.

Building materials depending on the values \u200b\u200bof flammability parameters are divided into groups on non-combustible and combustible (For floor carpets, the combustion group is not determined).

NG (non-combustible)

Non-combustible building materials based on test results according to methods I and IV () are divided into 2 groups.

Building materials refer to non-combustible I group

• the increase in the temperature in the furnace is not more than 30 ° C;
• the duration of steady flame burning is 0 C;
• heat combustion no more than 2.0 mJ / kg.

Building materials refer to non-combustible group II With the following mid-industrial values \u200b\u200bof flammability parameters according to methods I and IV (GOST R 57270-2016):

• the increase in the temperature in the furnace is no more than 50 ° C;
• loss of mass samples no more than 50%;
• the duration of sustainable flame burning is not more than 20 s;
• heat combustion no more than 3.0 MJ / kg.

It is allowed to attribute without testing to non-combustible I group The following building materials without staining them external surface either with the outer surface staining with the compositions without the use of polymer and (or) organic components:

• concretes construction solutions, plasters, adhesives and putty, clay, ceramic, porcelain and silicate products (bricks, stones, blocks, plates, panels, etc.), fibrotennye products (sheets, panels, stoves, pipes, etc.) except in all cases of materials manufactured using polymer and (or) organic binder fillers and fibers;
• products from inorganic glass;
• products made of steel, copper and aluminum alloys.

Building materials that do not satisfy at least one of the above specified values Parameters I and II Groups of Nonbounds belong to the combustion group and are subject to tests according to methods II and III (GOST R 57270-2016). For non-combustible building materials, other indicators of fire danger are not determined and not normalized.

Combustible building materials depending on the values \u200b\u200bof the combustibility parameters determined by the method II, are divided into four combustible groups (M1, G2, G3, G4) In accordance with the table. Materials should be attributed to a specific combustion group, provided that all the average average parameter values \u200b\u200bset by the table for this group are configured.

G1 (weaklyor)

Wemologies - These are materials having a flue gas temperature of not more than 135 ° C, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is not more than 65%, the degree of damage to the mass of the test sample is not more than 20%, the duration of independent burning is 0 seconds.

Г2 (moderate ignorance)

Modearegorean - These are materials having a flue gas temperature of not more than 235 ° C, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is not more than 85%, the degree of damage to the mass of the test sample is no more than 50%, the duration of independent burning is not more than 30 seconds.

G3 (NormalGorgiy)

NormalGorgiy - These are materials having a flue gas temperature of not more than 450 ° C, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is more than 85%, the degree of damage to the mass of the test sample is no more than 50%, the duration of self-burning is no more than 300 seconds.

G4 (strong-horror)

Silnogorchy - These are materials having a flue gas temperature of more than 450 ° C, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is more than 85%, the degree of damage to the mass of the test sample is more than 50%, the duration of independent burning is more than 300 seconds.

Table

Group of flammability materials	Greencondition parameters
	Temperature of flue gases T., ° C.	Degree of damage S. L,%	Degree of damage by weight S. M,%	Duration of independent burning T c.g, with
G1.	Up to 135 inclusive	Up to 65 inclusive	Up to 20.	0
Г2.	Up to 235 inclusive	Up to 85 inclusive	Up to 50	Up to 30 inclusive
G3	Up to 450 inclusive	Over 85.	Up to 50	Up to 300 inclusive
G4	Over 450.	Over 85.	Over 50.	Over 300.
Note. For materials related to the combustibility groups G1-G3, the formation of burning droplets of melt and (or) burning fragments during the test is not allowed. For materials related to combustion groups G1-G2, the formation of melt and (or) melt drops during the test is not allowed.

Video what is a combustibility group

Sources: ; Baratov A.N. Gore - Fire - Blast - Security. -M.: 2003; GOST 12.1.044-89 (ISO 4589-84) System of labor safety standards. Firelessness of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their definition; GOST R 57270-2016 Construction materials. Test methods for combustibility.

Security fire safety It is one of the key tasks in the construction and operation of modern highlights, large business centers and shopping and entertainment complexes. The specifics of such buildings are a big length of evacuation routes - dictates increased fire safety requirements used building structures and materials. And only when these requirements are followed on a par with the solution of other technical and economic tasks, the building is considered to be projected correctly.

According to federal law Russian Federation July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements", the choice of building materials directly depends on the functional purpose of the building or premises.

Classification of building materials often spend based on the sphere of product use. According to this criterion, it is divided into structural, insulating and finishing, as well as structurally insulating and structural finishing solutions.

From point of view fire safety The optimal classification is offered in Article 13 of the "Technical Regulations", which breaks the building materials into two types: gorry and non-combustible. In turn, combustible materials are divided into 4 groups - weaklyan (g1), moderately combustible (G2), normally combustible (g3) and, finally, strongly combustible (G4).

In addition, they are evaluated by such criteria as flammability, ability to distribute flames on the surface smoke-forming ability and toxicity. The combination of these indicators allows you to assign a specific material of the fire danger class: from km0 - for non-combustible materials to km1 km5 - for combustible.

Natural properties of materials

Key factor determining the fire danger of building materials is rawfrom which they are made. In this dependence, they can be divided into three large groups: inorganic, organic and mixed. Consider the properties of each of them. Let's start by S. mineral Materialswhich belong to the group inorganic and, along with metal structuresserve to create a rigid frame - base modern buildings.

Most common mineral building materials - this is natural stone, concrete, brick, ceramics, asbetic, glass, etc. They relate to non-combustible (NG), but even with a small addition of polymeric or organic substances - no more than 5-10% of the mass - their properties change. Fire danger increases, and from NG they go to the category of employment.

IN last years Widespread products based on polymersbelonging to inorganic materials and being miscellane. At the same time, the scope and chemical structure of the polymer depends the affiliation of a particular material to the combustibility group. Severe two main types of polymer compounds. These are reactors that form when heating the coke layer, which consists of non-combustible substances and protects the material from the effects of high temperatures, preventing the combustion. Another type is thermoplastics (melted without creating a heat shielding layer).

Regardless of type, polymeric building materials Cannot be translated into the discharge of non-combustible, but it is possible to reduce their fire danger. For this, anti-epires are applied - various substances that contribute to the increase in fire resistance. Antipirens for polymeric materials You can divide into three large groups.

The first includes substances that carry out chemical interaction with polymer. These antipirens are used mainly for reactoplasts, without worsening their physicochemical properties. Second group of flames - intomatic additives - Under the influence of the flame, it forms a foamed coke layer on the surface of the material that prevents burning. And finally, the third group is substances that mechanically mixed with polymer. They are used to reduce flammability as thermoplastics, so reactoplasts and elastomers.

Of all organic Materials Wood and products from it received the greatest distribution in the construction of modern buildings. wood-chip (Chipboard) wood-fibrous plates (DVP), plywood etc. All organic materials belong to the combustion group, and their fire hazard increases with the addition of various polymers. For example, paints and varnishes Not only increase the flammability, but also contribute to a faster spread of the flame on the surface, smoke smoke and toxicity increase. In this case, other toxic substances are added to CO (carbon monoxide gas) - the main product of combustion of organic materials is added.

To reduce the fire hazard of organic building materials, as in the case of polymer substances, they are treated antipireni. Applied to the surface, under the influence of high temperatures, antipyren can turn into a foam or highlight the non-flammable gas. In both cases, they make it difficult to access the oxygen, preventing the fire and flame spread. Effective antipirens are substances containing diammonium phosphate, as well as a mixture of sodium phosphorcinal with ammonium sulfate.

Concerning mixed materials They consist of organic and inorganic raw materials. As a rule, construction products of this type are not highlighted in a separate category, and refers to one of the previous groups, depending on which raw materials prevails. For instance, fibrololiteconsisting of wood fibers and cement is considered to be organic, and bitumen - inorganic. Most often, mixed type refers to a group of combustible products.

Increased fire safety requirements of large shopping and entertainment and office centers, as well as high-rise buildings dictate the need to develop a complex of fire-fighting events. One of the most important is preferential use. negustic and weather-thoughts building materials. In particular, it concerns the carrier and enclosing structures of the building, the roof, as well as materials for finishing evacuation paths.

According to the classification of the NPB 244-97, the mandatory certification in the field of fire safety is subject to finishing, facing, roofing, waterproofing and thermal insulation materials, as well as floor coverings. Consider the categories of category for fire danger.

Finishing and facing materials

There are many finishing and facing materials, among which can be isolated polystyrene tiles, PVC and chipboard, wallpapers, films, ceramic tiles, fiberglass, etc. Most products of this type belong to the combustible. In rooms with massacre of people, as well as in buildings where evacuation is difficult because of the large area and storey, finishing materials can create an additional threat to the life and health of people, causing a smoke, highlighting toxic combustion products and contributing to the rapid spread of the flame. Therefore, it is necessary to choose materials not lower than class km2.

Depending on the surface on which they are applied, finishing materials may have different properties. For example, in combination with combustible substances normal wallpapers can show ourselves as flammable, and applied to the non-combustible base - as wemologies. Therefore, when choosing finishing and facing materials, not only data on their fire danger should be guided, but also the properties of the grounds.

For decoration of premises with a large accumulation of people and evacuation paths, the use of organic products is unacceptable, in particular, MDF panelswhich most often refer to groups G3 and G4. For the decoration of walls and ceilings in shopping halls, materials with a higher fire hazard can not be used than the CM2 class.

Paper-based wallpaper not included in the list of products subject to mandatory certification, and they can be applied as finishing material For premises with increased fire safety requirements, taking into account the fact that the basis will be non-combustible.

As a replacement of MDF panels use plasterboard from external coating From the decorative film. Thanks plaster-based Plasterboard refers to non-combustible materials, and the decorative film based on polymers translates it to the group G1, which allows it to be used to finish the premises of almost any functional purpose, including, lobby. Today, plasterboard is used everywhere for the construction of partitions - independent building structures. This must be considered when determining their fire hazard class.

Floor coverings

TO flooring outdoor coatings There are less stringent requirements than finishing and facing materials. The reason is that during the fire, the floor is in the low temperature zone compared to walls and ceiling. At the same time, for materials serving as outdoor coating, an important role is played by such an indicator as flame spread over the surface (RP).

Due to the convenience of installing and high performance characteristics, wide use as floor coverings in corridors, lobby, halls and lobby of buildings received linoleums - Various types of rolled polymer coatings. Almost all materials of this type belong to the group strongly combustible (G4) and have a high chimney rate. Already at a temperature of 300 ° C, they support combustion, and when heated over 450-600 ° C is ignited. In addition, the products of burning linoleums include toxic substances - carbon dioxide, co and hydrogen chloride.

So they are unacceptable to use them as an outdoor coating for corridors and holls, where, according to the requirements, materials should be applied not lower than CM3, not to mention the lobby and staircasesFor which more stringent requirements apply. The same can be said about the laminate, which consists of organic and polymeric materials and, regardless of the type, applies to the number of strongly combustible - unsuitable for evacuation paths.

The most prosperous, from the point of view of fire safety, are ceramic tile and ceramographic. They relate to the KM0 group and are not included in the list of materials to be certified in the field of fire safety. Such products are suitable for premises of any functional purpose. In addition, semi-rigid tiles made of polyvinyl chloride with polyvinyl chloride can be used as an outdoor coating in corridors and halls large quantity Mineral filler (group km1).

Roofing and waterproofing materials

Usually fire hazard roofing materials It is listed in certificates in the form of a combustibility group. Roofs from metal and clay are the smallest danger, and the highest - materials based on bitumens, rubber, reversible products and thermoplastic polymers. Although they give roofing materials performance features - water and steam resistance, frost resistance, elasticity, resistance to negative atmospheric effects and the formation of cracks.

One of the most fires are roofing and waterproofing materials, which include bitumen. They are self-proposal already at a temperature of 230-300 ° C. In addition, bitumen has a high smoke-forming ability and combustion rate.

Bitumes are widely used in the production of rolled (rubberoid, pergamine, glasskerberoid, isol, hydroisol, pholoisol) and mastic roofing and waterproofing materials. Almost everyone roofing materials Bituum is based on the G4 group. This imposes restrictions on their use in buildings with elevated fire safety requirements. So, they must fit on non-combustible foundation. In addition, on top gravel CockoutAlso satisfied fire protection, separating the roof of the building into separate segments. This is necessary in order to localize the fire and prevent the dissemination of the fire.

Today, dozens of waterproofing materials are presented on the market - polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, thiocoles and other membranes. Regardless of the type, they all belong to the combustion group. The most prosperous, from the point of view of fire safety, are waterproofing membranesbelonging to the combustible group G2. As a rule, these are materials based on polyvinyl chloride with the addition of flames.

Heat insulation materials

Heat insulation materialsCertificates in the field of fire safety can be divided into five groups. The first one is polystyrene foam. Due to the relatively low cost, they were widespread in modern construction. Along with good thermal insulation properties, this product has a number of serious disadvantages, including short-life, insufficient moisture resistance and vapor permeability, low resistance to the effects of ultraviolet rays and hydrocarbon liquids, and most importantly - high flammability and selection when burning toxic substances.

One of the varieties of polystyrene foam is extruded expanded polystyrene foam. It has a more ordered structure of small closed pores. Such a production technology increases the moisture resistance of the material, but does not reduce its fire hazard, which remains as high. The ignition of polystyrene foams occurs at a temperature of from 220 ° C to 380 ° C, and self-ignition corresponds to a temperature of 460-480 ° C. When burning polystyrene foams allocate a large number of Heat, as well as toxic products. Regardless of the species, all materials of this category refer to the combustibility group.

As thermal insulation in the composition of plaster facade systems, polystyrene was recommended to be installed with a mandatory device. fire asset From stone wool - non-combustible material. Due to the high fire hazard, the use of materials of this group is unacceptable in ventilated facade systemsSince they can significantly increase the speed of flame distribution by the facade of the building. When using combined roofing The polystyrene foam is stacked on a non-combustible base of stone wool.

The following type of thermal insulation material - polyurene Foolder - It is an unbalanced thermosetting plastic with a cellular structure, emptiness and pores of which is filled with low thermal conductivity gas. Due to the low ignition temperature (from 325 ° C), a strong smoke-forming ability, as well as the high toxicity of combustion products, among which the cyanide is hydrogen (blue acid), polyurethane foam has an increased fire hazard. In the production of polyurethane foam, anti-epires are actively used, which reduce flammability, but, at the same time, increase the toxicity of combustion products. In general, the use of polyurethane foam in buildings with elevated fire safety requirements is strongly limited. If necessary, it can be replaced by two-component material - polyenemiosianoratomawhich has lower flammability and flammability.

Resolved foamsMade from resolim phenol formaldehyde resins belong to the group of hardhery. In the form of medium density plates, they are used for thermal insulation of external fencing, foundations and partitions at a surface temperature not higher than 130 ° C. Under the influence of flame, the resollast foams are harbing, while maintaining its shape as a whole, and have a small smoke-forming ability compared to polystyrene foam. One of the main disadvantages of this category of materials is that during destruction they highlight a set of highly toxic compounds in which, in addition to carbon monoxide, Formaldehyde, phenol, ammonia and other substances representing the immediate threat to the life and health of people are included.

Another type of thermal insulation - glasswaterFor the production of which the same materials are used as in the manufacture of glass, as well as the waste of the glass industry. Glasswater has good heat engineering characteristics, and its melting temperature is about 500 ° C. However, due to some features, the HG group includes thermal insulation with a density of less than 40 kg / m³.

Stone Vata. - one of the most fireproof thermal insulation materials

In the list thermal insulation materials Included stone Vata. which consists of fibers obtained by their stone breed of basalt group. Stone wool has high heat and soundproof characteristics, resistance to loads and various types Impact and durability. The materials of this group do not distinguish harmful substances and do not provide negative impact on the environment. Stone wool is the most reliable material from the point of view of fire safety: it is non-combustible and has a fire danger class km0. Stone wool fibers are able to withstand temperatures up to 1000 ° C, making material effectively prevents the spread of the flame. The heat insulation from the stone wool can be applied without limitation in the floors of the building.

The evaluation of the fire hazard of thermal insulation was carried out within the framework of specialized seminars organized by VNIIPO MOE. They were accompanied by natural firing tests in which the common types of thermal insulation materials were involved - expanded polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, resolon foam and stone wool. Under influence open flame The burners of the polystyrene foam was melted with the formation of burning drops during the first minute of the experiment, polyurethane foam burned for 10 minutes. In 30 minutes of test, the resolon foam was charred, and the stone wool did not change its original form, proving his belonging to non-combustible materials. The second part of the test is the imitation of the roof fire with the thermal insulation layer - showed that the burning melt of the polystyrene, penetrating interior, Promotes the spread of a fire and the emergence of new foci of fire. Thus, according to the test results, conclusions were made about the high fire hazard of the most frequently used heat-insulating materials.

Summing up, you must once again note the importance effective fire fighting events In the process of designing and building buildings. One of the central places occupy the evaluation of fire danger and the competent selection of building materials based on existing norms and standards and taking into account the functional purpose and the individual characteristics of the building. Application modern materials Allows you to ensure complete compliance with fire safety requirementsBy guaranteeing the safety of life and health to people who will be in the building after completing construction.

Construction. This includes a residential fund, public buildings, administrative objects, shopping centers etc. As at the design stage, construction and capital, current repairs It is necessary to create maximum measures to create compliance with fire safety. This applies to systems providing a communal sphere: power supply, heating, all kinds of heating, use of electrical appliances.

It is worth noting that building materials also fall under close control and require attention in terms of their quality, reliability and security. Often, it is precisely the materials that are caused by fire, because their use was incorrect and ill-conceived. Therefore, for them is a combustibility class.

General classification

To go directly to the breakdown of certain materials into classes, it is necessary to understand what it makes up and on what their classification is based on the level of fire hazard. The combustibility class depends on the properties of the construction material used and from its ability to cause a fire during operation. Therefore, to determine the safety and stages of danger, it is necessary to appeal near the properties. It can be seized here and flammability, as well as the speed of spreading fire on the surface. An important factors are toxicity allocated during the combustion process and the level of smoke when combustion. According to regulatory documents, combustibility is divided into two types: combustible (d) and non-combustible (NG).

Non-combustible materials

This category does not become a complete guarantee of security, because the flammability group does not imply a complete absence of changes in the characteristics of the material when burning. This means that when exposed to fire on it, it is less active and retains resistance to high temperature longer.

There is a certain method of defining non-combustible. If the temperature increases at least 50 ° C with combustion, and the total weight loss does not exceed 50%, then such a material can be attributed to non-combustible. In this case, the stability of prolonged combustion should not exceed 0 seconds.

How does the composition of the material on the degree of flammability affect

To non-combustible materials, we can safely attribute those that are manufactured from minerals And become the basis of the entire product. This is a brick, glass, concrete, ceramic products, natural stone, asbatement and other building materials that have a similar composition. But in production is used as additives and other substances, a combustibility group from which other. These are organic or polymer compositions. In this way, non-combustible material It is already becoming vulnerable in the process of burning, and therefore confidence in its nonopication is significantly reduced. Depending on the proportions constituting in production for the preparation of a product, the material can move from the category of non-combustible to the group of challenges or combustible.

Types of classes of flammability

Regulatory documents impose requirements for the need to ensure fire safety, and GOST 30244-94 establishes a combustibility class and methods of testing building materials to combustibility. Depending on the indicators and its behavior of the material, 4 classes are highlighted on it.

Wemologies

A group that includes materials when combustion of which the temperature of the flue gases does not exceed 135 ° C. The combustion of G1 must have a degree of damage to the material along the entire length of the sample not more than 65%, and the degree of destruction is not more than 20%. In addition, independent burning should be 0 seconds.

Modearegorean

A group that includes materials when combustion of which the temperature of the flue gases does not exceed 235 ° C. 2 Class of flammability has the degree of damage to the material along the entire length of the sample not more than 85%, the degree of destruction is not more than 50%, and independent burning should not exceed 30 seconds .

NormalGorgiy

A group that includes materials when combustion of which the temperature of the flue gases does not exceed 450 ° C. The combustion G3 should have the degree of damage to the material along the entire length of the sample not more than 85%, the degree of destruction is not more than 50%, and independent burning should not exceed 300 seconds .

Silnogorchy

The group, which includes materials, when burning, the temperature of the flue gases begins to exceed the threshold of 450 ° C. Class of flammability G4 has the degree of damage to the material along the entire length of the sample more than 85%, the degree of destruction over 50%, and independent burning exceeds 300 seconds.

Additional requirements are imposed on the materials of the combustibility of G1, G2. When burning, they should not form melt drops. For example, you can bring linoleum. The combustibility class of this floor covering cannot be 1 or 2 due to the fact that during the burning, it is very melting.

Parameters defining the safety of the material

In addition to the combustion class, additional parameters are used to classify the safety level of building materials, which are determined by testing. This includes toxicity that has 4 subsections:

• T1 - Low degree of danger.
• T2 - degree moderate.
• T3 - increased danger indicators.
• T4 - superchard degree.

Also taken into account the smoke factor containing regulatory documents Grade 3:

• D1 - Low ability.
• D2 - average ability.
• D3 - high ability.

Evalnamed flammability:

• B1 - faintless.
• B2 - moderately allegations.
• B3 - flammable.

And the final criterion constituting safe use Products, is their ability to spread flame on the surface of the combustion:

• RP-1 - Non-Prostrant.
• RP-2 is weak-solar.
• RP-3 - moderately aspressive.
• RP-4 - strongly aspiration.

Choice of building materials

Class of Goryuchi I. additional criteria Estimates safe Materials are a significant indicator when choosing. The structure, regardless of the sphere, the place of use should be safe for humans and especially eliminate the risk of harm health. First of all, it is necessary to qualify for the appointment of building materials in a specific area of \u200b\u200bwork. Construction and repair uses constructive, finishing, roofing, insulating materials, and therefore each of them has its use. Usage is not intended to be the cause of ignition.

By purchasing building materials, it is necessary to study the label with characterizing indicators. Manufacturers that comply with technology indicate information containing codes reflecting the degree of fire safety. In addition to labeling, the seller on demand must present a certificate of conformity to the goods. It also reflects indicators relating to safe application. Underground production or manufacturing with impaired technology significantly reduces the quality, level of resistance to certain loads, and also absolutely does not comply with fire safety requirements.

Separately, it is worth noting the objects of social infrastructure, where various structures, forms, composition of the product are used for decoration. Special control is carried out for educational organizations, preschool institutions, medical buildings. The conditionality takes place, as the large cluster in one place of children must completely exclude any risk for them. In connection with these relevant control bodies, constant verification of these objects are carried out. As a result, designers and developers are guided by the standards, taking into account the object of the intended work, taking into account the composite of the materials.