Fire retardant compositions for wooden structures. Firepressure of wooden structures with their own hands: Select fire impregnation Technical characteristics of wood structures
- What is antipyrene
- Normative documents
- Types of flames
- Operating conditions OS.
- Sustainability OS.
- The degree of penetration
- Lucky refractory
- Fire retardant paints
- Impact
The unique properties of wood contribute to widespread use of it in construction. Wood is subject to rapid fire. Flame protection of wooden structures is the most important stage of the implementation of a complex of measures to prevent fires in homes and facilities, where the walls, roofing, overlap and the inner coating of the premises are made of wood.
What is antipyrene
Fire retardant compositions are called antipirens. They prevent ignition, slow down the burning of already broken structures. Wooden parts are impregnated, apply paint on them or lubricated with flame retardants.
When heated, they evaporate in the form of resistant compounds that actively cooled the material. The burnt layer of wood becomes an irresistible barrier on the path of oxygen penetration inside the array. At the same time, heat is allocated deep into the design, which prevents the drainage.
The types and use of flame retardant compositions are governed by regulatory documents.
Normative documents
To make fire-resistant qualities, the carrier wooden elements of buildings and structures have developed rules and rules of operation of wooden structures. They are indicated in SNIVA 21-01-97, GOST 30402, 30244 and fire safety rules. Documentation contains requirements for protecting wooden structures by fireproof impregnations. Each medium is assigned a fire certificate.
Classification of flame retardant compositions
Fire retardant compounds (OS), in accordance with their characteristics, are divided into groups by types, operating conditions, the level of resistance to aggressive media and the degree of penetration into the structure of the material.
Types of flames
Varnish
Film-forming varnishes are one of the types of aqueous solution or organic suspension. Groups of solutions - antipirens, plasticizers, colors and other chemicals. Emulsion creates a colorless heat-resistant film on the surface surface.
Paints
Paints consisting of a heterogeneous mixture of flames and pigments form fire-resistant coatings of wooden structures. Paints produce different colors. In the flame retardant tool add hardeners, plasticizers, other components.
Paste
Paste - composite coating substances. In composition, they are similar to paints, except that the funds are applied with a thicker layer. Fire retardant treatment of wooden structures with pastes creates a non-flammable barrier on the way of open fire.
Impact
The solutions consist of a mixture of anti-epires with antiseptics. The impregnations do not form a film coating, but penetrate into the structure of the tree, forming a heat-resistant sheath. The compositions are divided into the means of surface and deep penetration.
Combined compounds
Funds represent the compositions of several types of flame retardants. Applying to the wood of each is made alternately.
Operating conditions OS.
Wooden structures in specific operating conditions need fire treatment with certain substances:
- forms for processing wooden structures operated in an open space or under a canopy should take into account the conditions of the local climate. It concerns temperature fluctuations, humidity level in this area;
- coatings and impregnations for wood in unheated premises. Antipirens are treated with wooden parts, where due to the closed space of changes in temperature and the level of humidity of the surrounding air;
- OS for heated premises, closed spaces with artificial microclimate. The compositions provide fireproof structures under conditions of constant positive temperature and air humidity level of about 70%.
Sustainability OS.
Fire retardants in resistance to aggressive media are resistant and unstable.
The degree of penetration
The indicator refers to impregnating compositions. Impregnations are superficial and deep penetration.
Criteria for the effectiveness of fire protection
Fire protection wood is divided into three categories:
- Preventing the risk of fire fire.
- Flowing burning at the initial stage.
- Passive location of foci.
Selection of fire protection wooden structures
Selection of heat-resistant compositions for processing structures from wood depends on factors:
- the location of structures from wooden elements - on an open area, under the roof or in a closed space;
- requirements of fire safety and regulatory documentation (SNIVA and GOST);
- design methods;
- cost of flame retardants and works.
Lucky refractory
The efficiency of varnishes to protect against fire structures is large. In the threat of ignition, the varnish heats up and turns into a ceramic thermal insulation sheath. The heat-resistant film highlights inert gases that overlap the access of oxygen to the burning area.
The refractory varnish has a number of advantages:
- gas-resistant shell;
- natural coloring and texture of the wood cutting is practically not changed;
- there is no smell;
- the water-soluble base of varnish eliminates the use of organic solvents;
- not toxic.
Apply a roller with a roller or brush cross-way. You can use a spray gun. The first coating layer must dry after 8-12 hours. The following lacquer layers are applied with a periodicity of 4-6 hours.
Popular Fire Restaurants based on varnish:
Stabiterm
The means are treated with MDF, chipboard, fiberboard and parquet board. It is applied to reduce fire hazards. Consumption rate - 330 g / m 2. Saves properties for 10 years.
Lacron-varnish
Sale in the plastic container. Lacron is effective as a fireproof coating of wood indoors and outside under the protection of the canopy.
Shield-1.
The shield-1 means is applied to the tree and products based on it. OS is used to process internal fences and articular overlap designs.
Neurine Lac.
Laco covers elements of walls of walls, floors and ceilings from wooden-containing materials. It comes to building stores in plastic bids with a capacity from 5 to 30 liters.
The domestic industry manufactures other heat-resistant varnishes.
Fire retardant paints
Purpose of paints - the creation of a heat shield layer on the surface of the wooden elements under the influence of the combustion temperature. The expanded sheath increases in the amount of tens of times greater than the original paint thickness. The neoplasm acquires the quality of the heat shield that does not allow the heating of the wood array from the inside. This allows you to win time prior to the arrival of the fire calculation.
Antipirens that are part of refractory paints contain magnesium and aluminum hydroxides. The OS not only remains on the surface, but also penetrates the structure of the wood. The composition of the paints include antiseptics that prevent the occurrence of fungal and molding formations.
Before painting, the tree is cleaned of contamination. Oil and fat layers are removed by organic solvents.
Neomid
Flame-protective paint comes in plastic containers from 5 to 30 liters. The manufacturer makes several varieties of water-soluble paint for processing wooden designs outdoors, under a canopy and indoors.
Bionik House
The company produces high-quality paint, which has good adhesion, quickly absorbed into the woody array. Eating wooden structures do not lose flame retardant properties for 20 years. For wood, paint is released called FireProof Coating (flame retardant coating).
Pro Sto aerosol paint
The means are processed concrete, metal and wooden surfaces. Temperature mode of applying aerosols from +5 ˚C to +25 ˚C. Time of complete drying - 3 minutes. Black acrylic paint is implemented in 250 ml bells.
Assortment of refractory paints in the building materials market is great. OS of this category refer to colorless aqueous solutions. To obtain the desired color in the paint, the corresponding color is added.
Impact
Impregnation, in addition to flame retardant properties, have the qualities of antiseptics. The compositions do not leave traces on the wood surface. The substance penetrates deep into the structure of the woody massif.
Different types of impregnations are designed to process the material under certain conditions of operation of structures. The main group of impregnates is a universal nature of application. The pyrilax is effective for the processing of wooden surfaces that are in severe operating conditions - in non-refined closed spaces with high humidity levels. Pyrolax impregnation is used as fire protection overlaps, outdoor fences at home, frontal part of the roof in wooden houses. The means impregnate the rafter structures, beams, lags, floor boards from the back side and the wints of the bath.
Pyrolax protects wood from ignition and interrupts fire promotion during fire. OS supplies the development of fungal, molding formations and destroys the beetle-tree. Biopren Pyrolax produces more than 10 species in the container of various volumes. Wood-covered wooden structures are not cracking, which significantly slows the aging of the material.
Wuprotek
A tree impregnated with a means of wipers, for combustion, forms a foamless shell on the surface. In this case, inert gases are distinguished. They do not give oxygen to penetrate the fire zone.
If the fire was short-term, then to continue the operation of the design, it will be enough to remove caramelized laying from the surface.
Wuproteks comes on sale of two types. The finished solution is implemented in plastic containers. The powder mixture is supplied to the trading network in polymeric packages.
Powder is divorced by hot water (+60 ˚С) in proportion 1: 2.5. The tool is applied to the elements of the structures with a brush or a pulverizer. To ensure the effectiveness of 1 category of fire protection, the rate of consumption of an aqueous emulsion by 1 m 2 of the object surface is 0.6 liters. Vuproteks are applied by three layers. Intermediate drying is about 6 hours. Processing produced at ambient temperature not lower than +20 ˚С.
The OS manufacturer guarantees the preservation of the refractory qualities of the object for 10 years when processing the finished composition and 3 years when using a powder solution. The flame retardant is made by three modifications: Wuprotek-1, Wuprothek-2, Wuprothek- 3 and MS. Each means is designed for a certain degree of flame retardant, taking into account the conditions of operation of structures.
Stucco stucco
Effectively fire retardant coating in the insension. OS is used to create a refractory coating of steel, concrete and wooden structures. The tool is a non-combustible shell with high thermal insulation properties. During the fire, it protects the design from the effects of heat flux and open flame for 2-4 hours.
In the burning zone, the insension does not change the appearance, not cracking and does not peel off the wood. OS does not contain harmful impurities. The shell resembles plaster "under a fur coil".
The protective coating of the insension is applied by the method of targeting a plaster unit. Works are produced at a temperature not lower than +5 ° C. The shell is harden 3-4 hours after applying. The final strength is inexpected after 30 days.
1.2. For fire prestings of elements of wooden frames of enclosing structures, it is recommended to use antipyrins for deep impregnation of wood under pressure and applied to the surface.
1.3. When choosing a flame retardant composition for specific conditions of application, their technological (Table 1) and operational (Table 2) indicators should be taken into account.
| Indicators |
OFP-9. |
VP9. |
MS 1: 1 |
TKEF |
|
| Consumption of composition, g / m2 |
500-700 |
700 |
66* |
600 |
|
| Coating thickness, mm |
0,6-0,8 |
0,2 |
- |
- |
|
| Temperature and humidity environmental conditions when applied |
temperature, ° С |
from 10 to 50 |
from 10 to 35 |
with no restrictions |
not below 20. |
| relative humidity,% |
less than 75. |
less 80. |
not more than 65. |
||
| Maximum wood humidity when applied,% |
16 |
15 |
30 |
15 |
|
| Method of application |
recommended |
pneumatic exposure |
vacuum atmospheric pressure GOST 20022.8-76 |
warming up with dry air - Cold bath GOST 20022.6-76 |
|
| aggregate "ANSH-1" |
installation "Shield" |
||||
| permissible |
brush, roller |
warm-cold bath |
brush, roller |
||
| Ability to glue the surfaces of protected wood |
not allowed |
allowed |
|||
* Flow indicator MS 1: 1 Dan in kg / m3.
| Indicators | OFP-9. | VD | MS 1: 1 | TKEF |
|
| Temperature and humidity conditions | temperature, C. relative humidity% | A 1. | A1 and A2. | with no restrictions |
|
| snip 11-25-80 |
|||||
| Aesthetic qualities of protected wood surface | shelter, homogeneous, matte, color gray | shelter, homogeneous, matte, color gray or white | wood texture and color does not change |
||
| Effect on the strength of wood | does not affect | reduces compressive strength along the fibers and with bending by 10% | does not affect |
||
| Impact on corrosion of metal elements of structures | does not affect | promotes corrosion of ferrous metals | does not affect |
||
1.4. In accordance with the note on SNiP II-2-80, chapter 3, Table 1, in buildings, production category B, glued beams, farms, arches, frames and columns of buildings and structures should be used with flame retardant treatment.
1.5. In accordance with the note, SNIP II-2-80, chapter 3, Table 2, Wooden plates, flooring and boosters of coating of buildings and structures, as well as elements of hinged panels of exterior walls and inland bearing walls (partitions) of these buildings and structures must be subjected to Deep impregnation with antipirens.
1.6. Information about the limits of fire resistance of the most common wooden structures, including plastered, are given in the "Guide to determine the limits of fire resistance of structures, the limits of the spread of fire in designs and groups of material marks", M.: Stroyzdat, 1984.
1.7. Fire retardant treatment does not reduce wood charring speeds and does not increase the limit of fire resistance of wooden structures by cross section of more than 120120 mm. The use of flame retardant processing can reduce the spread of the spread of fire on wooden structures or translate wood into a group of employment materials.
1.8. The quality of flame retardant processing should ensure a decrease in fire distribution limit on wooden structures up to 40 cm for vertical elements, up to 25 cm - for horizontal or test results of protected wood tests in CEV 2437-80 should meet the requirements for challenge materials.
2.1.1 The coating should be used for fire protection of structures operated indoors with a non-aggressive medium, positive temperature, not exceeding 35 s, and relative air humidity not more than 60%. It is allowed to use a coating at relative humidity of no more than 80% under the condition of applied to the surface of the dried coating of the moisture protection layer.
2.1.2 Materials for the preparation of the composition of the coating, as well as the technology of its application on the designs must satisfy the requirements given in the required application.
2.1.3 The coating should be solid and not to have cracks, detachalies, swelling. The coating surface finish must be performed in accordance with the project.
To the work of the work, the coating composition is delivered in the form of two components: pastes and ammophos mixed before applying on the design to obtain a coating work makeup.
2.2.1. The paste must be transported at temperatures from minus 40 to plus 40 s for no more than 1 month and stored at a temperature of minus 5 to plus 30 s for no more than 6 months with mandatory protection against impact precipitation.
2.3.1. The preparation of the working composition of the coating should be carried out at the place of production of work immediately before applying on the design.
2.3.2. To prepare the operating composition of the coating, the paste is mixed with ammophos in the SO-26B s-26B, CO-23B, CO-46A, in the ratio of 7.25 parts of the paste, 2.75 parts of the ammo phos, and then passed twice through the collar type of SO-110, -116.
2.5.1 Application of the coating should be carried out by pneumatic expression using the installations for applying liquid PC-562A type on the regulatory and technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.
2.5.2 The application of the coating must be carried out in 2 layers. The norm of the overall consumption of the working composition of the coating, taking into account production losses, should be 750 g per 1 m2 of the surface.
2.5.4 on the dried coating not earlier than 4-5 days after applying the second layer, as moisture protection or decorative finish, if they are provided for by the project, any of the pentafthalic enamels of brands should be applied: PF-115 according to GOST 6465-76 , PF-223 according to GOST 14923-78, PF-218 according to GOST 21227-75; Enamels based on copolymers of vinyl chloride brands: Hstic-785 according to GOST 7313-75, HPF-124 according to GOST 10144-74 or COMPONNERGOGANICAL EMAL MARK KO-174 according to regulatory and technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.
Enamels and drying enamels are produced according to standards and other regulatory and technical documentation, approved in the prescribed manner, on these types of enamel
| Name of the composition, brand | GOST, T. | Structure | Mass content,% | Solvent |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Fire retardant coatings |
||||
| Wood coating flame retardant phosphate OISP-9 | GOST 23790-79 | Sodium polymetafosphate | 40 | Water |
| Hydroxide aluminum | 15 |
|||
| Kaolin or Clay | 5 |
|||
| Avola Ugra TPP | 15 |
|||
| Iron Surik or zinc oxide | 5 |
|||
| Urea or thiourevine | 20 |
|||
| Wood coating Pumping flame retardant | GOST 23130-82 | Melamine-formaldehyde resin mmf-50 | 31,9 | Water |
| 5% aqueous solution of sodium salt carboxyl cellulose (brand 85-500) | 15,9 |
|||
| Mell | 18,4 |
|||
| Dicianidiamid. | 6,3 |
|||
| Ammophos brand A. | 27,5 |
|||
| Impregnating compounds |
||||
| Aqueous solution of a mixture of diammoniumphosphate, ammonium sulfate and sodium fluoride MS 1: 1 | Instructions for anti-airproof and blankets of lumber by the method of deep impregnation with a solution of flame retardant in the autoclave at the enterprises of GlavmospromstroyMaterials of VSN 74-79, Moscow, 1980 | Diammonium phosphate | 7,5 | Water |
| Ammonium sulfate | 7,5 |
|||
| Sodium fluoride | 2,0 |
|||
| Water | 83,0 |
|||
| Trichloroethyl phosphate solution in TCEF carbon tetrachloride | Trichloroethyl phosphate TU 6-05-1611-78 | 40 | Tour chloride carbon |
|
| Tour chloride carbon GOST 4.75 | 60 |
|||
On liquid glass:
surfaces
including:
TU 2311-001-23063581-95
Despite the diversity of modern materials, wood remains popular among our compatriots. But there is one negative nuance: a wooden coating can be destroyed due to a fire. For this reason, it is necessary to process wooden structures with flame retardant composition (it is also called antipiren).
The principle of operation of flame retardant materials is based on physicochemical processes that occur with the components belonging to the composition of the flames. The main components of fireproof compositions are:
- lightweight substances (salt solutions of borne, phosphoric or silicon acids);
- substances that secrete gas (ammonia or sulfur gas).
When heating low-melting substances, a film appears, due to which oxygen cannot get on the surface of the wooden coating. As a result of this process, there is an increase in the temperature of the ignition of wood. This improves the fire resistance of the material.
Due to the use of the substances that make up gas, the combustion process itself is depressed. Non-flammable gas protects wood from ignition by removing oxygen from the surface.
Antipirens are divided into:
- coatings;
- impregnations.
There are the following features of the application of the material:
- the application of varnish can be produced on the painted surface (with the exception of water-dispersion compositions);
- the process is carried out at a temperature of more than + 5ºС;
- application of several layers of varnish occurs with a time interval of at least 12 hours;
- the frequency of wood coating varnish is 6-7 years.
The only nuance that should be taken into account when purchasing paints and varnishes is their target destination. For external work, only facade materials are suitable, which are characterized by increased wear resistance and flame retardant.
Alternative options
In addition to impregnation and paintwork products, improving fire protection properties can be used by:
- materials with the help of which a refractory doom is created;
- other constructive solutions.
Among the flame retardant materials should be noted gypsum fiber sheets. Thanks to the non-combustible material, the influence of heat on the carrier structure is limited. But there is a condition - all profile elements must be processed by a special solution. Most appropriately used only in cases where it is impossible to apply flame retardant.
The use of rolled fire prevention material (foil insulation) is the best solution for fire protection wood, located in hard-to-reach places (attic floors, attic, other low-transmitted premises).
As a constructive solution, the creation of a refractory belt (and better than several), which will become an obstacle to the spread of fire. Places are determined with the greatest possibility of fire. After that, refractory belts are created near them. In some cases, it is better to use a plastering mixture with a vermiculite or additionally build a reinforced brick frame.
Conclusion
Check the quality of wood processing by:
- visual inspection of the design;
- selective integrity examination and layer thickness of several sites.
Checking with fire is made using PNP-1 sensors. According to the research results, acts are drawn up, which allow the operation of the object.
To check the quality of the flame retardant layer can be independently. For this:
- from the processed section, the sample is cut with a thickness to 1 mm thick;
- with the help of a lighter, the sample is made from the other side where the anti-view is applied;
- the billet should not support burning or smoldering;
- after 20-30 seconds, the sample surface is turning and charred (without flame appearance).
For comparison, you can take a piece of wood, which is not processed by flame retardant. When you turn on the lighter after 4-5 seconds, the workpiece will begin to burn.
Naturally, the combustion process directly depends on the type of wood. For example, oak squeezes are difficult to set fire and without impregnation. For this reason, all checks are carried out on the basis of pine wood, which is easily flammable.
Video on the processing of a wooden structure with flame retardant composition:
Increase the fire resistance of wooden structures - it means to increase the fire safety of the building. It is possible to solve such a task for low-rise buildings by processing wood with chemical and paint-selling facilities. Let's talk about fireproof impregnation and painting materials.
Despite the indisputable advantages of wood as a structural material, it has a number of essential deficiencies, including, along with exposure to rotting, its property is easy to ignite and burn quickly. This means that wood designs, even after removing the source of the flame, are capable of burning for a long time. Nevertheless, it should not be abandoned from the use of environmentally friendly and relatively inexpensive wood products. Think about how to protect them from dangerous factors. To ensure fire safety of the building, it is possible to increase the fire resistance of its structural elements in well-known methods.
Despite the fact that the norms (SP 54.13330.2011, NPB 106-95) establishes the obligation of flame retardant processing of roof frames from combustible materials only for buildings with a height of three floors, should not be underestimated the importance of increasing fire resistance of carrier and enhancement structures of log cabins, houses from profiled or glued Bruus, attic coatings of single and two-storey.
The use of specially selected arrangement makeup makes it possible to increase the resistance of wooden materials for fire and reduce the rate of flame propagation.
Classification of flame retardant compositions (OS)
In GOST R 53292-2009, the classification of flame retardant compositions is simplified schematized in the figure:
Depending on the ability of the OS, reduce flammability of wood, they are divided into two groups of flame retardant efficiency:
Operating principle. OS OS OS OS
1. Lacqueries are used most often for the processing of furniture, ornamental products from solid and recycled wood, finishing elements. Classified by wear resistance, water-repellent ability, resistance to ultraviolet radiation. The advantage of the use of lacqueries is the preservation of the structure of the tree, giving it a gloss or mattiness, the presence of a protective film. For floors, railings, steps and other elements subject to abrasion, special types, such as parquet varnishes, should be used.
For internal works, "Neurin-varnish" can be applied, the Ceram-Protect product is more versatile.
From a similar line of products of other producers, "OZL-SK", "OZL-1" (CF-Fa) LLC "CEKS", "Stabiterm-107", "Shield-1".
2. The principle of work of flame retardant paints and thermosewater compositions is a multiple thickening of the coating with an increase in temperature, the formation of a foam layer that impedes the rapid heating of the element. The advantage of such types of funds is the additional protection of wood from moisture effects. The standard period of preventive action of flame retardant colors is usually from 1 year to 5 years. Obtaining a difficult-scale or so-flammable wood with a single tool is usually achieved due to a different number of layers.
Poplast-HW100, Piroplast-HW100, Akvest-01, Pyrex, VEUP-2D, Phoenix DB, Defender-M, are popular.
3. The structural fire retardant treatment of wood in its action is similar to the principle of work increasing in the volume of the OS, and is to ensure the thermal insulation of the processed element. Such coatings include pastes, coating, plaster, facing tiles and sheets. Examples serve plaster with the addition of pearlit or vermiculite, the paste "Far R-B-SC". Applying pastes and coolants should be performed regularly, no less often than every two or three years.
4. The chemical method of protection is the use of impregnating OS, which can deeply penetrate the volume of wood, for example, when soaked in baths and applying under pressure, or superficially, when processing a brush.
To such funds include "Antipire-Amidophosphate KM" LLC "CEKS", the composition of "PP", "Vanny-1" "Neochim", "Pyrelex Terma", "Pyrialaks CC-20".
5. The combination of methods of flame retardants is becoming increasingly popular. Thus, flaky-protected coatings allow on a par with an increase in the fire resistance limit of structures to ensure protection against fungal infection, rotting and the occurrence of mold. On the market are represented by a wide list of items, for example, "Seine Ognabio", Neomid 450 and MS compositions, Hmha, Iceberg-301, OK-GF, Zotex Biopyrol, Asphor Bio, Attic, funds From the Pirilax line.
It is possible to increase the efficiency of flame retardants by one-time use of impregnation and applying lacquer and painting OS. Outdoor structures from wood are recommended in addition to the lung impregnating OS coated with means forming films.
The results of the experiment applying a combination of funds with different principles of action can be found from the video:
Some rules of choice and processing
The choice of OS for wood is determined by the conditions for its operation. For a closed unheated room, less significant fluctuations in temperature and humidity of air are characterized than outdoors, and a positive temperature and relative humidity of no more than 70% are provided in heated rooms.
Rate the duration of the warranty protective operation of the OS, check the availability of certificates. If you assume the use of a combination of impregnating and painting agents - check their compatibility, not every flame retardant paint can serve as a finish layer on a pre-impregnated OS wood. For elements from wood, operating under the influence of sun rays, use OS, resistant to ultraviolet radiation. In the baths and saunas, due to the special temperature and humidity regime, the means specifically designed for such conditions should be used.
Carefully calculate the cost consumption: specify the required number of layers on the label for the desired group of flame retardant efficiency.
Wood processing should be carried out at a humidity of no more than 70% and temperature not lower than + 5 ... + 10 ° C for dry and purified from dust and dirt surface. When coating a previously painted surface, it should be removed from it all the remains of previous paintwork materials, clean and delete.
The main methods of processing are:
- application of brush, roller or spray gun in several layers;
- soaking in cold baths or after preheating the product.
Do not neglect the safety technique. When working with toxic materials in the room, ensure good ventilation, carry out processing in the respirator, safety glasses and rubber gloves.
By making the decision to carry out the fireproofs of wooden structures in their home, be prepared for the regular, almost annual update. Such measures will not only reduce the risk of fire or localize suddenly started fire, but also, most importantly, will provide you with your family the opportunity to safely leave the building in the event of an unexpected situation.
The main drawback of wood is the exposure of fire and biological decomposition. After a 15-minute open-flame contact (at 230 degrees), wood flammifies. To start rotting, there is enough lack of protection against humidity. In accordance with the fire minimum, the fire resistance limit of the wooden structure should be at least 2 hours for carrier nodes, and 45 minutes for beams. To ensure this, it is necessary to carry out work on fire and biosis using modern impregnations.
For the purposes of flame retardant wood processing, we use the following types of flame retardant materials:
Surface flame prescription impregnations are aqueous solutions of flame retardants (flame retardant salts). Surface impregnations are used for fire protection of wooden structures in closed rooms that do not provide for the effects of atmospheric precipitation on the wood surface.
Fire-tracting surface impregnations When introducing antisepting additives in them, solid wood conservation tasks from fungus, mold, insects.
Fire retardant surface impregnations are a weakly efficient way of fire protection wooden structures. Surface flame prescription impregnation only makes it difficult to spread the flame on the surface of the wooden structure.
Fire retardant impregnations fill the natural pores of wood with dry components of their composition of the flame retardant, due to which the oxygen is overlapped, the prevention surface from ignition. After flame retardant treatment, the wooden object is reliably protected from arson, short circuit and other factors causing fire. Comprehensive fire protection also provides for the protection of wooden structures from natural natural factors - the spread of mold and rot.
The peculiarity of the work is that all components of the combined antipyrin should be applied to the treated surface sequentially.
Fire retardant paints are suspensions where non-spinnes and other protective additives are in certain proportions. After processing a wooden surface, a thin opaque film is polymerized. During the fire, the film is transformed into a coking layer that stops the supply of oxygen to the wood. Difficult to warm the wooden surface reduces the speed of the spread of fire, therefore, the supporting structures will not lose their properties in extreme conditions. As a rule, flame retardant paint has white color.
Pastes and coating. The composition is similar to the paints, however, the consistency is somewhat different - it is thick and large-dispersed. Decorative value does not have such materials, since they are intended to create a thick layer on the wood surface. Used there, where the probability of fire is especially large, and the decorative properties are not in priority.
Lucky antipyrenes are film-forming solutions on aquatic or organic basis. In contrast to the paints, the varnish creates a transparent layer on the surface of the wood, which does not hide the natural pattern of the surface, which is valuable, from aesthetic point of view. The quality of protection does not suffer - it corresponds to the 1st group of efficiency. Usually fire-resistant varnishes are used for wood indoors - walls, furniture, trim, etc.
Fire retardant paints and varnishes are the most progressive and efficient means of opposing the spread of fire and fire. Unlike surface flame prescription impregnations, it is also possible to obtain a high-quality protective coating and ensure the decorative properties of the structure. The negative feature of flame retardant colors, varnishes and enamels are high requirements for the preparation of a wooden surface, especially for the use of flame retardant varnishes: the surface must be perfectly cleaned and ground.
Combined protective formulations are a complex of several listed types of flame retardants with properties inherent in different types of fire protection.
Procedure for the production of work on the fireproof wooden structures
1. Preparation of the surface of a wooden structure.
During the preparation of a wooden structure to carry out work on fire protection, problems should be solved on cleaning surfaces from old paint, old flame retardants, bitumen, oil and other contaminants, dust.
If you need to apply flame retardant materials on a previously painted surface, a test for these materials is compatible.
Cleaning the surface of the wooden structure is carried out by us with the help of the following methods:
- Inkjet cleaning using Soda-Blasting technology (Armex-blasting). Highly efficient technology, close on the principle of sandblasting, but allowing wood without damaging.
- Sandblast cleaning with fine-defective sand, providing high-quality cleaning with minimal loss of wood.
- Manual and chemical cleaning with special reagents to remove old paint, oils, dust and dirt using a manual tool.
Fire retardant compositions are applied only on the prepared surface. Quality control of the prepared surface is carried out by an inspector in quality. After receiving a positive conclusion, the surface is processed.
2. Applying flame retardant compositions on wooden structures
Flame protection of wood (wooden structures) is carried out at ambient temperature at least 10 ° C at a humidity level of not more than 70%. Fire retardant work at negative temperatures are not conducted.
Flame retardant treatment of wooden structures is carried out with the moisture content of the wood itself no more than 15%.
Before applying flame retardant compounds, the compliance of the compositions of physicochemical indicators, prescribed under technical specifications and a quality passport.
The flame retardant compositions previously applied to the wooden structure, and not provided for removal must comply with the nature of the pH level with the exhaust to the use of flame retardant compositions, i.e. acid formulations should be used with acidic, and alkaline alkaline.
The application of flame retardant compositions is carried out mainly by airlessly using airless application units.
3. Quality quality control of wooden structures
Quality quality control of wooden structures is carried out at all stages of the work of work in quality inspector, which conducts a study by instrumentation and visual method for compliance with valid values:
- at the preparation stage, the surface is controlled:
- The degree of surface cleaning;
- The presence of dust on the surface;
- The presence of oils and fats;
- Surface humidity;
- PH level surface;
- At the stage of application and after applying flame retardant compositions, it is controlled:
- The thickness of the wet layer;
- Dry layer thickness;
- Coating continuity;
- Coating adhesion;
Evaluation of the quality of flame retardant processing is a separate operation. Control of the flame retardant properties of a wooden structure with the help of special measuring equipment in accordance with the National Standard of the Russian Federation GOST R 53292-2009 "Fire retardant compounds and substances for wood and materials based on it. General requirements. Test methods". According to the results of the study, the test protocol is issued.
After conducting internal quality control activities, work on the fire-proof of metal structures is handed over for the quality of the implementation and compliance with the Flame Protection project of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, whose representatives are directly involved in the acceptance and signing of the Act of work performed by Flames. Also, the quality of work can be confirmed by an accredited fire laboratory (ILL laboratory), which is not part of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.
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