Installation of handrails on the stairs and installation. Do it yourself: unusual stair railings and their installation in accordance with regulatory documents DIY staircase fencing

When planning the construction of a private house, consisting of two or more floors, it is very important to pay special attention to the construction of stairs and railings for it, because without this useful structure you are unlikely to get, for example, into the attic.

Particularly beautiful can be made for a fence for stairs, which, in addition to decorative purposes, also provides us with a safe climb to other floors of buildings. When manufacturing handrails, it is important to use only high-quality material, given a number of special points, which we will talk about below.

Wooden fences add coziness to the home atmosphere

State standards

GOST for staircase fencing and general technical requirements

If you are going to make your own stair railings, then in addition to your imagination, you must take into account some of the norms provided by the state.

Fences must be of a certain height, from 90 to 120cm

According to these rules and regulations (SNiP), it is important to build structures that will be safe both for you and for everyone who wishes to visit your wonderful home. There are special rules for arranging stairs, which means that you will have to familiarize yourself with them, because depending on the design and the chosen material, the methods and devices for installation may be different.

Stair railings made of different materials

Brick railing

Concrete railings

Wooden railing

Railings metal and forged

All elements of metal fences are fastened by welding

We install the railing made of wood ourselves

Required tools

Required materials

• Handrails.
• End curbstones, dense vertical posts at the end and beginning of the stairs.
• And, of course, balusters, selected to your taste.

Forged balusters combined with wooden railings look unbeatable

Stages of work

The extraordinary wooden fence is ready!

The cost of fences made of different materials

Unique fences will cost you dearly

1. Granite railings - 500 rubles per running meter.
2. Marble railings - from 1,500 rubles per running meter.
3. Wooden railings - from 180 rubles per running meter, the price depends on the type of wood.
4. Stainless steel railings - from 27,000 per running meter.
5. Forged railings - from 28 thousand rubles and more, per linear meter price is about 6000 rubles.
6. Decorative handrail endings - from 7,000 rubles.

Wrought iron stair railings will decorate any building

Completion

When installing stair railings, it is important to take into account generally accepted norms and rules, do not forget that their height should be selected in the range from 90-120cm. Choose only reliable and durable materials and strictly follow all installation instructions. Having studied all the information, get to work, the main thing is not to rush, do not be nervous, and never doubt your abilities!

After the steps of the stairs are ready, the installation of the stair railings can be done. If you did not have any special problems with the installation of the steps, then questions will surely arise when attaching the balustrade.

After all, its installation with your own hands is much more difficult:

• here you need to be especially precise;
• provide a sufficient number of attachment points;
• at the same time make everything invisible to the eyes.

All parts must be prepared in advance: sanded, the irregularities are putty, and the surface is varnished. All wall finishing work must have already been completed, and if you plan to install a video camera on the staircase, a chandelier or other electrician, this must be done in advance.

Sanding can be done by hand or belt sander. Carved curved elements will need to be hand-sanded. Defects are repaired with a special wood putty. After it dries, you need to sand this area again.

Required tools

To work, you need the following tools and materials:

• Drill;
• Drill guide;
• Milling machine;
• Hand grinder;
• Emery;
• Wood putty;
• Paintwork;
• Studs and spare parts bolts;
• Square and pencil;
• Next, you need to make even holes for fasteners in the balusters and pillars, parallel to the direction of the parts. To make them even, you can assemble a homemade machine from a drill attached to a table. To center the drill, screw an oak or beech block to the table and make a hole in it for the drill.
• Then screw on the rail from the baluster bar. Now you can make a hole in the balusters exactly along their axis.

Drilling holes

• To attach the handrails, you need to cut grooves in the form of an inverted letter "D" in the lower part with a milling machine, as shown in the photo below. By the size of this groove, you will need to cut a rail, which will then be screwed to the balusters. Another rail should be the size of the upper part of the groove, it is better to make it from a beautiful material, since it will be visible.

• To mount the posts and balusters, we screw into their lower part special pins with a diameter of 8 mm (for posts it is better to use 10 mm), and 10 cm long.

Note!
This mounting method is only suitable for hardwoods.
To conveniently screw them in and not damage the threads, screw on them several nuts, which are removed after screwing in.

• Then a 7 mm hole is made in the tread of the lower step of the stairs and a pillar is screwed into it. After that, the pillar is removed from the stud, and it remains in the step.
• We fasten the step to the floor on an anchor bolt, which will then disappear with a column.

• We make markings for the upper pillar on the last step. You need to screw in a self-tapping screw exactly in the center, and pull the thread between it and the hairpin. So that all the supports stand in one row, use a square to mark a line at each step under a stretched thread.
• We mark the center for the baluster at each step and drill a small thin recess. Next, we put the drill guide on the drill and make holes for the installation of balusters with a 5 mm drill.

• We screw the studs into the balusters and then we screw them to the steps. We use a square to control the evenness and alignment of the installation. Before screwing them in, it is advisable to coat the installation surface on the tread with silicone in order to displace the air and fasten the parts more tightly. Thus, we collect the entire march.

• If the installation of the ladder balusters is not on the steps, and you want to make the same distance between them, 15 cm will be enough for thin parts, about 20 cm for thicker ones.If you have small children, then their fastening should be done so that the child could not fall between them. The height of the columns is chosen at your discretion, depending on the height. They are usually sold in lengths of 50 or 60 cm.

Fastening the handrail

• We cut off the extreme balusters at the required angle. We set them strictly vertically in level and glue a flat rail on the tape, which is needed to mark the rest. We apply marks along the bottom line of the rail to cut off all the balusters.
• We cut them off and fasten the cut-out railing rail to it.

• We put the handrail on the rail, and cut its edges at the desired angle, for a tight fit with the posts. After that, we fasten the handrail to the rail with screws from the bottom.

Advice!
To avoid chipping the ends of the pieces when trimming with a miter saw, wrap them with tape.

Fastening the handrail to the post

One of the options to fasten the handrails to the extreme pillars is to use special spare parts for the installation of stair railings, the price of which is 100-300 rubles per piece. Sometimes you can't do without them, especially if you need to connect the railing with a turn, as the video in this article shows.

Another option, more complicated, that we will use - mounting on euro screws.

• For this, several recesses are made in the handrail from the bottom side with a feather drill. To avoid accidentally drilling through holes, place a metal sheet under the bottom.

• We remove the extra walls with a chisel to get a rectangular depression with rounded corners. It should fit our euro screw and hexagon.

• The edge of the handrail is cut and a stencil is made for drilling the hole. Using it, you need to mark the drilling point at the end of the handrail and make a hole with a thin drill from the end to our recess. Then you need to expand it with a thicker drill.
• Attach the handrail to the post and trace around it. Then attach a stencil and mark the position of the hole.
• We drill a hole, tighten the euro screw into it and then unscrew it immediately.
• We put the handrail on the rail and pull it from below through the hole made by the euro with a screw to the post.

• The lower posts can be simply screwed onto self-tapping screws or euro screws at an angle.

Balustrade

After that, the installation of the partition on the landing can be done.

• To do this, we screw in the post and additionally fix it to the wall with an anchor.
• We cut out and lay the lining between the pillars so that it is not directly to the floor and it is more beautiful.
• Intermediate balusters with euro screws are screwed to this rail from the seamy side. The last ones must be attached to the floor through the lining on the anchor bolts.
• Then the railing rail is screwed on, and as described above, the handrail is screwed onto the self-tapping screws from below.

The final touch

It remains to hide the traces of fastening. To do this, close the bottom groove with a decorative strip. We cut it to size and glue it to the handrail.

Until the glue dries, you can put the slats on the tape. If then there are traces of scotch tape, they can be wiped off with acetone, alcohol or white spirit.

Now let's decide how to arrange a place under the stairs. We decided to do this using clapboard cladding, coated with a colored oak impregnation and protective varnish. So that the space under the stairs is not empty, we make a door there, we get a small pantry.

The lining is fastened to a frame made of wooden bars 3 * 4 cm, which, in turn, are fixed to metal profiles.

We direct the final marafet: closes the joints with a decorative corner in the color of the tree. We decorate the joint with the wall with a rail of the same color.

Conclusion

These instructions will allow you to make a fence that is strong enough to stagger when you walk. A dedicated ladder test rig can help you make sure of this. And the video in this article will give answers to the remaining questions, let's watch!

Although stair rails are considered a minor structural detail because they are not always used, they are important enough to tell about them. The main function is to ensure safety and convenience when moving on a flight of stairs. The design of the railings plays an important role.

Wood, concrete, metal and glass are traditionally used for manufacturing. The latter is usually used to fill the gaps between the posts.

In this article we will talk about metal railings for stairs. .

Railings and railings - stock photos and pictures

Railing sketches are an integral part of the design and help to present the final picture in more detail. For these purposes, photographs of railings, computer graphics or freehand drawing are suitable.

Stair railings

Railings - these are staircase fences that protect a person from falling out and ensure convenient operation of the structure. Railing accessories:

• Balusters ... Support posts with which the railing is attached to the stairs. Carry out load-bearing and decorative functions.
• Filling fences ... It is necessary in order to close the space between the racks, and thus, to ensure the safety of movement on the stairs. Partitions are required if there are children in the house. There are several basic types of filling (shown in the photo).
  1. classic. Consist only of vertical or inclined balusters;
  2. solid panels. Such a fence is a set of wide sheets. As a rule, they are used when combining railings with glass.
  3. filling with crossbars. In this case, the space between the balusters is closed by horizontal metal rods - crossbars or rails, located parallel to the handrails.

Handrails - elements of the fence, which are installed on the balusters on one side of the flight of stairs or on both. Can also be wall-mounted. The handrail pads provide a comfortable and pleasant grip.

Types of handrails for stairs - materials and manufacturing methods

Before explaining how to make a railing for a staircase, we need to choose which metal is best for our purposes.

• aluminum;
• iron;
• cast iron;
• railings made of steel.

The choice of material depends on many factors, but the most important is the purpose of the product. For example, stainless steel is the best choice for outdoor fencing, from which nickel-plated railings are made. Or cast iron, products from which can be seen in old porches or on bridges.

Aluminum railings are great for indoor use and can take on more complex shapes (screw or pivot). Iron is usually used for mass production. It is difficult to process and not suitable for homemade products.

According to the manufacturing method, the following types of railings are distinguished:

Prefabricated stair railings

The railing is assembled from steel or aluminum parts. In the first case, upon completion of the work, the railings are painted, in the second, a special protective coating is applied. Aluminum railings have the following advantages:

• ease of installation (the ability to do it yourself);
• cheapness;
• low weight of the structure.

The listed advantages are due to the fact that prefabricated fences are manufactured without the use of welding. If necessary, the structure can be easily dismantled.

By the method of applying a protective coating, handrails and handrails are divided into:

• polymer-coated fences;
• handrail in anodized aluminum.
• steel with chrome plating.

Welded railings for stairs - photos of metal railings

Welded railings for stairs are made of steel or ferrous metal. Their advantages are strength and durability. However, with proper finishing, such products are also very beautiful. To shape the stainless steel railings, the metal cold bending method is used. This type of construction is characterized by the presence of geometric ornaments.

The disadvantage of welded iron railings is their susceptibility to corrosion and the need for periodic painting. Stainless steel railings do not have this drawback. The service life of such products is about 50 years. They do not need painting or additional maintenance. If necessary, the handrail can be repaired with your own hands. The surface of the steel is processed using polishing, grinding or satin finishing.

Railing welding is divided into two types:

• semi-automatic;
• argon arc.

The disadvantage of the first method is the large amount of splashes. The second method is devoid of this drawback and therefore is more common. The seam with argon welding turns out to be more accurate and lends itself well to further processing, which includes cleaning and polishing. The handrail is fastened using a hardware assembly or by gluing with a special glue.

Wrought iron railing for stairs - photo of stair railings

The wrought iron stair railings are distinguished by their exquisite appearance and intricate manufacturing process. They are carried out by the method of artistic forging, often according to an individual project. Any options for finishing and mixing styles are possible - from light, openwork, airy structures to massive ones that create a feeling of reliability.

Forged stair railings will give any product or interior a peculiar charm of antiquity and good quality.

Wrought iron stair railings provide a huge variety of colors: gold, silver, copper, etc. The only drawback of such products is their extremely high price.

Cast railings and railings

To make cast railings and railings, a sample of the future product is first prepared, according to which the mold is made. Further, molten metal (bronze, cast iron, brass) is poured into it. After the material hardens, it is additionally processed. Casting has a number of advantages:

• durability and strength;
• variety of forms.

Combined stair railing

Combined fences involve a combination of different materials. For example, powder coated chrome railings, steel handrails and glass inserts, or aluminum handrails. This variety makes the combined railings a versatile solution, suitable for almost every staircase.

Stair Railing Requirements - Handrail and Handrail Standards

Requirements for fences (GOST and SNiP) are due to their main function - to ensure safety during ascent and descent. In this regard, the design must comply with certain standards:

• the height of the staircase rails is from 90 cm to one meter.
• racks are installed from each other at a distance of about 60 cm;
• the space between the balusters is filled with one of the above methods;
• if the handrail is attached to the wall, then the distance from it to the wall should be 7-10 cm;
• handrail overlays must be smooth and continuous, have a cross-section of 5 cm;
• handrails for stairs protrude 30 cm beyond the step line and have a rounded end;
• the structure must withstand a load of at least 100 kg per meter.

On ladders installed in childcare facilities, the handrail should be duplicated at a height of 50 cm. And the distance between the racks is reduced to 10 cm so that the child cannot stick his head in.

Do-it-yourself handrail installation - installation of stair railings video

It is difficult to overestimate how important reliable installation of stair railings is. First of all, the safety of people depends on this. If you do not know how to install the railings, but want to do everything yourself, choose one of two methods:

Fastening the handrail to the wall - installing on a ladder

Fixing the handrail to the wall is used if the ladder is located near the wall. In this case, the racks are not needed, the handrails are installed using special brackets, the size of which is calculated in such a way that the distance from the handrail to the wall is about 7-10 cm.

The handrail bracket can be of two types:

• cast;
• articulated.

When using the second type, it is possible to adjust the inclination of the handrail, which is very convenient. The structure is easy to assemble and can be quickly dismantled if necessary.

Fastening balusters to steps - railings to stairs

Installation of balusters can be done in three ways:

1. single- the simplest and least reliable way, when the stand is fixed only on the anchor (dowel). But, as a rule, it is quite enough;
2. flange mount- involves fixing the flange with self-tapping screws. For maximum reliability, use three self-tapping screws;
3. anti-vandal fastening of fences- the most reliable. With the help of a drill, pits are drilled in the steps and embedded in them are placed on which the pipes for the railing are attached.

Fastening to a step

1. The installation of the railings in this way begins with the fact that the places where the racks will be located are outlined on the steps. They should be located at a distance of 5-10 cm from the edges of the step and at a distance of 30-60 cm from each other.
2. First and last pillar are installed first. Single mount for this, pits 12 cm deep and 16 mm in diameter are drilled in the steps. Anchors (dowels) are inserted into the pits, on which balusters are mounted.
   
   
   For flange mounting three holes are drilled with a depth of 8 cm and a diameter of 1.2 cm, into which dowels are inserted. The flange is fixed with self-tapping screws and the stand is attached to it. An example is shown in the photo. During installation, it is necessary to ensure that the entrance pillars are vertical, as they will be a guide for the rest of the balusters.
   
   
   
3. Pull the cord along the top of the outer racks and install the balusters, aligning them along the cord. Then check the verticality of each and attach to the steps.
   

   The stainless steel handrails can be attached either over the balusters, with self-tapping screws, or from the side, using flanges.

4. Before installation, cut the stainless handrails to the required length at right angles. Determine where you need to drill holes by attaching the handrail to the uprights. Place on hinges and secure.
5. If the space between the posts is filled with crossbars, then it is necessary to cut them into pieces of the desired size, determine the attachment points on the posts (usually 2 or 3) and drill holes. Fix the deadbolt to the balusters.
   
   
   
   If glass panels are used as filling, then it is necessary to install special holders on the rack and fix the panels with their help.
   
   
   

The disadvantage of fastening "on a step" is that the fence reduces the width of the march. Therefore, this method is undesirable for narrow staircases. In this case, it is preferable to mount the racks in the end.

Fastening balusters to the end of the step

Such fastening of the railing is possible when the distance between the flights is at least 70 cm. The baluster is installed on the butt end using two anchors. There are four possible ways:

1. Fastening of balusters on two expansion anchors through a sleeve. It is used in cases when it is necessary to place the rack at a short distance from the step. At the end of the step, 2 recesses are drilled into which expansion anchors are inserted through the holes in the posts and bushings with decorative overlays so that the end of the anchor protrudes slightly. A cap nut is screwed onto this end, expanding and fixing it.
   
   
   
2. Side mount. In this case, the balusters are threaded into special holders and fixed. And the expansion anchors attach them to the flight of stairs.
   
   
   
3. On two expansion anchors without a sleeve. In this case, the rack is closely adjacent to the end of the step. It differs from the first method only in that the sleeve is not used.
   
4. Fastening with a chemical anchor. Chemical or liquid nails are an adhesive that penetrates deep into concrete and holds it firmly together. This method is used if it is necessary to fix the railings of the stairs to the concrete structure. So, an anchor and a hairpin are inserted into the hole filled with the mixture.
   
   
   

After the balusters are fixed, the residual installation of the railing is carried out. In the same way as when installing the HA stage (described above). Stainless steel stair railings are ready.

• racks cannot be installed in places of height difference and bending of handrails (fracture);
• during installation, at points of branch and fracture, it is necessary to adjust the docking as accurately as possible;
• the joints of the crossbars, if possible, should be performed so that they are closed with fasteners or special fittings;
• When installing the racks on tiled steps, a mark must be made on the surface so that the drill with the diamond crown does not slip.

Subject to these rules, you can assemble the handrail for the stairs with your own hands. This is a very real task if you approach it methodically and slowly.

The installation of handrails is a responsible event that must be carried out taking into account safety requirements. When deciding how to install the railings, you must have some experience in construction or thoroughly study the technology of such an operation. The reliability and appearance of the entire staircase depend on how the installation is made.

Nuances of arrangement

The stair railing is a side railing of the staircase, which performs several tasks: a protective function, helping to climb and lowering the stairs and creating a specific interior. Structurally, stair railings include the following elements: a handrail (a longitudinal element on which a person rests with his hand when moving up the stairs), balusters (vertical posts to hold the handrail) and pedestals (larger balusters with a power function, installed at the edges of the span).

For the performance of a protective function, the following requirements are imposed on the fences: strength, safe height and installation step of balusters, excluding a person (especially a child) falling from a height. The operating parameters should ensure the convenience of using the ladder, the possibility of a comfortable hand rest when going up or down the ladder (optimal height, width and quality of the handrail). Finally, the appearance of the railing should give an attractive look to the entire staircase.

Selection of materials

Before installing structures, you must choose the material from which they will be made. The following basic materials can be used:

1. The wooden staircase is complemented by a railing made of the same material. Such designs can be used on other types of stairs. The main advantage of such structures is the manufacturability and pliability of wood, which makes it easy to grind or cut a bizarre baluster. Oak and beech can be used for wooden railings, but pine or linden is more economically viable. The hand-made processing of wooden balusters makes the wood especially attractive.
2. Metal railings are highly durable and reliable. For balusters, stamped or cast parts are often used. Stainless steel and anodized aluminum are widely used. In an expensive interior, elements from cast iron, bronze, copper look good. One of the possible design options is the openwork arrangement of the sidewalls of the railing by forging or bending.
3. When arranging the entrance main staircase, stone railings look attractive. The stone is massive and has an increased cost, and therefore it is rarely used in the interior in large rooms. Popular stones are marble and granite. Artificial stone can also be used.
4. Impact-resistant glass is considered a modern material for the manufacture of handrails. As a rule, it is used in the form of a solid transparent or colored wall. Glass bags are installed on decorative metal racks.
5. Plastic is used in economy class railings. Usually, handrails on stairs are made of PVC with simple metal handrails, in which vertical metal rods are installed instead of decorative balusters.

Regulatory Requirements

The installation of handrails should take into account regulatory requirements that ensure the safety of the structure and ease of use. The following general rules for the installation of handrails must be observed:

1. Railings are installed if there are more than 2 steps on the stairs.
2. A handrail for an adult is mounted at a height of 85-125 cm, and in the presence of children, it is recommended to install an additional handrail at a height of 45-75 cm.
3. The distance between the supporting vertical elements is set at least 0.6 m, but between the supporting balusters there should be vertical or horizontal elements that do not allow the child's head to pass between them, i.e. the distance should be no more than 20 cm.
4. The strength of the handrail should be calculated to support a person weighing at least 100-120 kg.
5. With a staircase width of up to 1.2 m, only external railings are installed, provided that the staircase rests against the wall with its other edge, and with a larger width, the second railings are installed at a distance of 4-8 cm from the wall surface.
6. The surface of the handrail should be smooth but not slippery.
7. The balusters must be fastened at 2 points - at the top to the handrail, at the bottom to the stairs.

How is the handrail installation carried out?

When installing the handrail with your own hands, you will need the following tool:

• welding machine (for metal structures);
• puncher (concrete stairs);
• Bulgarian;
• electric drill;
• screwdriver;
• hacksaw;
• chisel;
• plane;
• Grinder;
• hammer;
• level;
• plumb line;
• roulette;
• metal ruler.

The question of how to install the railings in the house is decided depending on the design of the staircase and its dimensions. In general, installation includes the following stages of work:

• installation of extreme supporting pillars (pedestals);
• marking the installation locations of the balusters, and marking the center line, as well as the centers on the balusters themselves;
• preparation of balusters in size and fastening them to the stairs;
• installation of a handrail and fixing it to pedestals and balusters.

Each handrail material has its own installation specifics.

The wooden railings are attached to the wooden stairs with nails or screws. Handrails are attached to vertical elements using 3 main methods: pins, dowels or screws. To strengthen the joints, an adhesive composition is used, for example, PVA.

When installing metal fences, as a rule, a welding machine is used. At the same time, bolted connection of standard elements is also possible. Glass parts are installed using metal hinges and attachments. Special metal profiles are used.

The installation of handrails is considered an important and responsible event in the arrangement of the stairs. It should be carried out taking into account safety and usability requirements.