Homemade mini mill with CNC. Homemade Milling Machine with CNC. Sticking and sawing elements

Condition of execution professional work Wood is the presence. Commercially available roads and not everyone "Pocket". Therefore, many make them with their own hands, saving money and receiving pleasure from the creative process.

There are two options for manufacturing mini machines for:

• purchase of a set of details and its manufacture (sets of modelist cost from 40 to 110 thousand rubles);
• make it with your own hands.

Consider the manufacture of milling mini CNC machines with their own hands.

Selection of constructive features

The list of actions in the development, production of a mining device for milling on a tree is as follows:

1. Initially, you need to decide what kind of work is speech. This will tell you which dimensions and thickness of parts can be processed on it.
2. Make a layout and alleged list of parts on homemade tabletop machines for manufacture with your own hands.
3. Choose software By bringing it to the working condition, so that it works for a given program.
4. Purchase the necessary components, details, products.
5. Having drawings, make the missing elements with their own hands, collect and debug a finished product.

Design

The homemade machine consists of the following main parts:

• stannes with the table posted on it;
• calipers having the possibility of moving cutting cutters in three coordinates;
• spindle with cutter;
• guides to move calipers and portal;
• power supply, providing electricity engines, controller or switching fee using chip;
• drivers to stabilize work;
• vacuum cleaner for collecting sawdust.

On the bed, you set the guides to move the portal along the Y axis. On the portal are placed guides to move the caliper along the X axis. The spindle with the cutter is attached to the caliper. It moves along its guides (z axis).

The controller and drivers provide the automation of the CNC machine from the transmission of commands to the electric motors. The use of the KCAM software package allows you to use any controller and ensures motor control in accordance with the Drawing Drawing Program.

The design must be done tough to resist the working efforts that occur when working and do not lead to vibrations. Vibrations will lead to a decrease in the quality of the product obtained, the tool breakdown. Therefore, the size of the fasteners should ensure the monolithic design.

The homemade milling machine with CNC is used to obtain a volumetric 3D image on wooden details. She is attached on the table this device. It can be used and as engraving. The design ensures the movement of the working body - the spindle with the mounted cutter in accordance with the specified action program. The movement of the caliper along the axes X and Y occurs on polished guides using stepper electric motors.

Moving the spindle on the vertical axis Z allows you to change the processing depth on the created wood pattern. To obtain a relief drawing 3D you need to make drawings. It is advisable to use different kinds Cutters that will make the best pattern display options.

Selection of components

For guides, rods from steel d \u003d 12 mm are used. For better moving carriages, they are grouped. The length is dependent on the size of the table. You can use the tempered steel rods from the matrix printer.

Stepper motors can be used from there. Their parameters: 24 V, 5 A.

Fixing the cutter is desirable to provide Cangua.

On the homemade milling mini machine, it is better to use a factory-facility power supply unit, as the performance depends on it.

In the controller, you need to use condensers and resistors in SMD enclosures for surface mounting.

Assembly

To assemble a homemade machine for milling 3D Wood Details with your own hands you need to make drawings, prepare required tool, Accessories, make missing parts. After that, you can start assembling.

The order of assembly with your own hands mini CNC machine with 3D processing is folded from:

1. the guide calipers are installed in the sidewalls along with the carriage (without screw).
2. the carriages are moved along the guides until their stroke becomes smooth. Thus, it is trapped by holes in the caliper.
3. tightening bolts on calipers.
4. fastening assembly units on the machine and install screws.
5. installation of stepper motors and connect them with screws with couplings.
6. the controller is highlighted in a separate unit to reduce the effects of working mechanisms.

The homemade machine with CNC after the assembly must be tested! Testing 3D processing is carried out by using gentle modes to identify all problems and eliminate them.

Work in automatic mode is provided by software. Advanced computer users can use power supplies and drivers to controllers, stepping motors. The power supply converts the incoming variable (220 V, 50 Hz) in d.C. necessary to power the controller and stepper motors. For them, controlling a machine from a personal computer passes through the LPT port. Work programs are Turbo CNC and VRI-CNC. To prepare the drawings necessary to embody the drawings use programs graphic editors CorelDraw and Artcam.

RESULTS

Homemade PCN Milling Machine to obtain 3D parts is easy to control, ensures accuracy and quality processing. If necessary to make more sophisticated work You need to use stepper electric motors of greater power (for example: 57BYGH-401A). In this case, to move the calipers you need to use gear straps to rotate the screws, and not the coupling.

Installation of the power supply (S-250-24), switching boards, drivers can be made in an old case from a computer, improving it. On it, you can install the red "Stop" button for emergency shutdown of the equipment.

The purpose of this project is to create a CNC desktop. It was possible to buy a finished machine, but its price and sizes did not suit me, and I decided to build a CNC machine with such requirements:
- Use simple tools (only a boring machine is needed, band-saw and hand tool)
- Low cost (I was focused on low cost, but still bought items about $ 600, it can be significantly saved by buying elements in the respective stores)
- Small occupied area (30 "x25")
- Normal workspace (10 "along the X axis, 14" along the Y, 4 axis along the z axis)
- high speed Cutting (60 "per minute)
- Small number of elements (less than 30 unique)
- Available elements (all elements can be bought in one business and three online stores)
- the possibility of successful plywood treatment

Machines of other people

Here are some photos of other machines assembled on this article.

Photo 1 - chris with a friend gathered the machine, cutting out the details of 0.5 "acrylic with a laser cutting. But everyone who worked with acrylic knows that laser cut It's good, but acrylic does not tolerate drilling, and there are a lot of holes in this project. They did good work, more information You can find in Chris's blog. I especially liked the manufacture of 3D object using 2D cuts.

Photo 2 - Sam McCaskill did really good desktop CNC. I was impressed that he did not simplify his job and cut off all the elements manually. I am impressed with this project.

Photo 3 - Angry Monk "S used DMF parts cut with laser cutter And engines with gear-toothed transmission, converted into engines with screw.

Photo 4 - Bret Golab "S assembled the machine and set it up for working with Linux CNC (I also tried to do it, but could not because of difficulty). If you are interested in its settings, you can contact him. He made a great job!

I am afraid that I have insufficiently experience and knowledge to explain the foundations of the CNC, but on the forum of the site CNczone.com there is an extensive section dedicated to homemade machines, which helped me very much.

Cutter: DREMEL or DREMEL TYPE TOOL

Parameters of axes:

X axis
Distance Movement: 14 "

Speed: 60 "/ min
Acceleration: 1 "/ C2
Resolution: 1/2000 "
Inch pulses: 2001

Y axis
Displacement distance: 10 "
Drive: Protector
Speed: 60 "/ min
Acceleration: 1 "/ C2
Resolution: 1/2000 "
Inch pulses: 2001

Axis z (up-down)
Distance Movement: 4 "
Drive: Screw
Acceleration: .2 "/ C2
Speed: 12 "/ min
Resolution: 1/8000 "
Inch pulses: 8000

Required tools

I sought to use popular tools that can be purchased in a regular shop for masters.

Power tools:
- Ribbon saw or jigsaw
- drilling machine (drills 1/4 ", 5/16", 7/16 ", 5/8", 7/8 ", 8mm (about 5/16")), also called q
- Printer
- Dremel or similar tool (for installation in a finished machine).

Hand tool:
- Rubber hammer (for planting elements to seats)
- Hexagons (5/64 ", 1/16")
- screwdriver
- adhesive pencil or aerosol glue
- adjustable key (or end key with a ratchet and head 7/16 ")

Necessary materials

In the attached PDF file (CNC-PART-Summary.pdf), all costs and information about each element are provided. It provides only generalized information.

Sheets --- $ 20
-Cub 48 "x48" 1/2 "MDF (any sheet Material 1/2 "thick" I plan to use the UHMW in the next version of the machine, but now it goes too expensive)
-Cub 5 "X5" 3/4 "MDF (this piece is used as a strut, so you can take a piece of any material 3/4")

Engines and controllers --- $ 255
- Selecting controllers and engines you can write a whole article. In short, you need a controller capable of driving three engines and torque engines about 100 oz / in. I bought the engines and the finished controller, and everything worked well.

Hardware --- $ 275
-I bought these elements in three stores. Simple elements I purchased in a shopping store, specialized drivers I bought on McMaster Carr (http://www.mcmaster.com), and bearings that need a lot, I bought from the online seller, paying $ 40 per 100 pieces (it turns out quite profitable Many bearings remain for other projects).

Software --- (free)
- Activate the program to draw your design (I use CorelDRAW), and now I use the trial version of Mach3, but I have plans for the transition to LinuxCNC (Open Machine Controller using Linux)

Head unit --- (additionally)
-I installed Dremel on my machine, but if you are interested in 3D printing (for example, REPRAP) you can install your device.

Print templates

I had some experience of the jigsaw, so I decided to glue patterns. It is necessary to print PDF files With templates placed on a sheet, stick a sheet on the material and cut the items.

File name and material:
All: CNC-CUT-SUMMARY.PDF
0.5 "MDF (35 8.5" x11 "sheets with templates): CNC-0.5MDF-CutLayout- (Rev3) .pdf
0.75 "MDF: CNC-0.75MDF-CutLayout- (Rev2) .pdf
0.75 "Aluminum Tube: CNC-0.75Alum-CutlaYout- (Rev3) .pdf
0.5 "MDF (1 48" x48 "Sheet with templates): CNC- (one 48x48 Page) 05-MDF-CutPattern.pdf

Note: I apply CorelDRAW drawings in the original format (CNC-CorelDRAWFormat-CutPatterns (Rev2) Zip) for those who would like to change something.

Note: There are two variants of files for MDF 0.5 ". You can download the file with 35 pages 8.5" x11 "(CNC-0.5MDF-CutLayout- (Rev3), PDF), or file (CNC- (one 48x48 page) 05- MDF-CutPattern.pdf) with one sheet 48 "x48" for printing on a widescreen printer.

Step by step:
1. Download three PDF files with templates.
2. Open each file in Adobe Reader
3. Open the print window
4. (Important) Disconnect page scaling.
5. Check that the file is accidentally scaled. The first time I did not do it, and printed everything on a scale of 90%, as stated below.

Sticking and sawing elements

Stick printed patterns on MDF and on the aluminum pipe. Next, just cut the part along the contour.

As mentioned above, I accidentally printed the templates on a scale of 90%, and did not notice this before the start of drinking. Unfortunately, I did not understand this before this stage. I stayed with templates on a scale of 90% and, moving through the whole country, I got access to a full-size CNC. I could not stand and cut items with this machine, but I could not drill them with back side. That is why all elements in photographs without pieces of the template.

Drilling

I did not consider how much precisely, but there are many holes in this project. Holes that are worn on the ends are especially important, but do not take the time for them, and you will have to use the rubber hammer.

Places with holes in the lining on each other is an attempt to make grooves. Perhaps you have a CNC machine on which it can be done better.

If you reached this step, I congratulate you! Looking at a bunch of elements, it's pretty difficult to imagine how to assemble the machine, so I tried to do detailed instructionssimilar to the instructions for LEGO. (Announced PDF CNC-ASSEMBLY-INSTRUCTIONS.PDF). Pretty interestingly looks like step-by-step photos of the assembly.

Ready!

Machine ready! Hope you did and launched it. I hope that the article is not missed important details and moments. Here is a video, which shows the cutting machine of the pattern on the pink foam.

And so, as part of this article, the instructions, I want, what would you, together with the author of the project, 21 years old mechanic and designer, made their own. The narrative will be carried away from the first person, but know that to greatly unfortunately, I share not with my experience, but only freely retell the author of this project.

This article will have enough drawings, notes to them are made on english languageBut I am sure that this tech will understand everything without unnecessary words. For the convenience of perception, I will deal with the narrative on the "steps".

Preface from the author

Already at 12, I dreamed of building a car that will be able to create various things. The car, which will give me the opportunity to make any item homemade. Two years later, I came across the phrase CNCor if we talk more precisely, then on the phrase "CNC milling machine". After I learned that there are people able to make such a machine on their own for their needs, in their own garageI realized that I could also do it too. I must do it! Within three months I tried to collect suitable details, but did not move from the spot. Therefore, my obsession gradually faded.

In August 2013, the idea to build a CNC milling machine again captured me. I just graduated from the undergraduate of the University of Industrial Design, so I was quite confident in my capabilities. Now I clearly understood the difference between me today's and five years ago. I learned to work with the metal, mastered the technique of work on the handwritten metalworking machines, but the most important thing I learned to apply tools for development. I hope that this instruction will inspire you to create your CNC machine!

Step 1: Design and CAD Model

It all starts with thoughtful design. I made a few sketches to better feel the size and shape of the future machine. After that, I created a CAD model using SolidWorks. After I simulated all the details and machine nodes, I prepared technical drawings. I used these drawings for the manufacture of parts on handwritten metalworking machines: and.

I admit honestly, I love good convenient tools. That is why I tried to make so that operations maintenance And the adjustment of the machine was carried out as simple as possible. Bearings I placed in special blocks in order to be able to fast replacement. Guides are available for service, so my car will always be clean at the end of work.

Files for download "Step 1"

dimensions

Step 2: Stanna

The bed provides the machine to the need hardness. A moving portal will be installed on it, stepper engines, Z axis and spindle, and later and work surface. To create a carrier frame, I used two aluminum profile Maytec with a cross section of 40x80 mm and two aluminum end plates with a thickness of 10 mm. All elements I connected to aluminum corners. To enhance the design inside the main frame, I made an extra square frame from the profiles of a smaller cross section.

In order to further avoid dust from entering guides, I installed aluminum protective corners. The corner is mounted using T-shaped nuts, which are installed in one of the grooves of the profile.

Bearing blocks are installed on both end plates to install the drive screw.

Carrier frame assembly

Corners to protect guides

Files for download "Step 2"

Drawings of the main elements of the bed

Step 3: Portal

The movable portal is the executive body of your machine, it moves along the X axis and carries the milling spindle and the Caliper of the Z axis. The higher the portal, the thicker the workpiece you can process. However, high portal is less resistant to loads that occur during processing. High side portal racks perform the role of levers relative to linear rolling bearings.

The main task I planned to solve on your CNC milling machine is processing aluminum details. Since the maximum thickness of the aluminum blanks of 60 mm suitable for me, I decided to make the portal clearance (distance from working surface to top transverse beam) Equally 125 mm. In SolidWorks, I converted all my dimensions into a model and technical drawings. Due to the complexity of the details, I processed them on the industrial processing center with CNC, this additionally allowed me to process the chamfer, which would be very difficult to do on a hand milling machine for metal.

Files for download "Step 3"

Step 4: Caliper axis Z

In the design of the Z axis, I used the front panel, which is attached to the bearing of movement along the Y axis, two plates for amplifying the node, the plate for fastening the stepper motor and the panel for installing the milling spindle. On the front panel, I installed two profile guides for which the spindle will be moved along the Z axis. Please note that the screw Z's screw does not have a counterface at the bottom.

Files for download "Step 4"

Step 5: Guides

Guides ensure the possibility of moving in all directions, provide smoothness and accuracy of movements. Any backlash in one of the directions can cause inaccuracies in the processing of your products. I chose the most expensive option - profiled hardened steel rails. This will allow designs to withstand high loads and will provide me with the accuracy of positioning. To ensure the parallelism of the guides, I used a special indicator during their installation. The maximum deviation relative to each other was no more than 0.01 mm.

Step 6: Screws and Pulleys

Screws convert rotary motion from stepper motors to linear. When designing your machine, you can choose several options for this node: a pair of screw nut or ball-screw pair (SVP). The screw-nut is usually more exposed to friction for operation, as well as less accurate relative to the SVP. If you need increased accuracy, it is definitely necessary to stop your choice on the SVP. But you need to know that the ShvP is quite expensive.

For most homemade craftsmen, the manufacture of such an unit, like a CNC milling machine with their own hands - something at the level of the fantastic plot, because such cars and mechanisms are complex in the design, structural and electronic understanding of the device.

However, possessing necessary documentationas well as required materials, fixtures, mini milling homemade apparatus, equipped with CNC, make it perfectly possible.

This mechanism is allocated by the accuracy of the processing, easy operation in managing mechanical and technological processes, as well as excellent performance and quality performance indicators.

Principle of operation

Innovative milling machines with blocks on computer control is intended to perform complex drawings on semi-finished products. The design is required to possess the electronic component. In the complex, this will allow maximum to automate workflows.

For modeling milling mechanisms, it is originally required to familiarize themselves with the fundamental elements. The actuator acts in the role of the actuator, which is mounted in the spindle located on the shaft of the electric motor. This part is fixed on the basis. It is capable of moving in two coordinate axes: x and y. To fix the blanks, construct and install the supporting table.

The electrical adjustment unit is articulated with electric route. They will move the carriage regarding the processed billets or semi-finished products. According to such technology, 3D graphic images are performed on wooden planes.

The sequence of performance of this mechanism with CNC:

1. Writing work program, at the expense of which the working body will be moved. For this procedure, it is best to use specialized electronic complexes designed to perform adaptation in "handicraft" copies.
2. Mounting semi-finished products on a table.
3. Software output on CNC.
4. Running mechanisms, controlling the passage of automatic equipment manipulations.

To obtain the maximum level of automation in the 3D mode, correctly match the circuit and designate certain components. Experts strongly advise initially studying production specimens before the construction of the milling machine own hands.

Scheme and drawing

CNC milling machine circuit

The most responsible phase in the manufacture of a self-made analogue is the search for the optimal progress of the equipment. It directly depends on overall characteristics processed billets and the need to achieve a certain quality in processing.

For the need to obtain all the necessary equipment functions, best option It is the production of a mini milling machine with his own hands. Thus, you will be confident not only in the assembly and its quality, but also technological properties, it will be known to be known how to serve it.

Components of transmissions

Most. good option It is the design of 2 carriages moving along perpendicular axes X and Y. as the core is better to use metal grinding rods. Mobile mobile carriages are "dressed" on them. For the correct manufacture of transmission, we prepare stepper electromotors, as well as a set of screws.

For improved automation of working processes of CNC milling machines, designed personally, it is required to contemplate the electronic component to the smallest detail. It is divided into the following components:

• used for holding electrical Energy For stepper motors and maintains the controller chip. Chassis is considered to be a modification of 12V 3A;
• its purpose is to serve commands to engines. To properly perform all the specified transactions of the CNC milling machine, it will be enough to use a simple scheme to perform control of the operation of 3 engines;
• drivers (Software). Also is an element of adjusting the movable mechanism.

Video: CNC milling machine with their own hands.

Components for homemade milling machine

The next, and responsible step in the construction of milling equipment is a selection of components for the construction of a self-made unit. The optimal output from this situation is the use of submitted parts and devices. As a basis for table copies of 3D machines, it is possible to take solid wood (beech, housing), aluminum / steel or organic glass.

For the normal operation of the complex as a whole requires the development of the design of the calipers. At the time of their movement, hesitations are not unacceptable, it will cause incorrect milling. Consequently, before assembly, components are checked for reliability.

Practical tips on choosing the components of the CNC milling machine:

• guides - steel well-polished rods ø12 mm applied. The length of the axis x is about 200 mm, y - 100 mm;
• sugper mechanism optimal Material - Textolite. Standard playground dimensions are 30 × 100 × 50 mm;
• step-by-step motors - engineering experts advise to apply samples from 24V printing device, 5a. They have a sufficiently significant capacity;
• the unit of fixing the working body, it can also be built using the textolite. The configuration directly depends on the existing tool in stock.

The order of constructing milling equipment with CNC

After completing the selection of all necessary components, it is possible to completely unhindered to construct their own oversized milling mechanism equipped with CNC. Before proceeding to direct design, once again check the components, their parameters and quality of manufacture are monitored. This will continue to help avoid premature failure of the mechanism chain.

Specialized fasteners are used for reliable fixing equipment equipment. Their constructive and execution directly depend on the future scheme.

Scroll necessary actions To assemble small CNC equipment to perform the process of milling:

1. Mounting the guide axes of the caliper element, fixing on the extreme parts of the machine.
2. Tear calipers. It is required to move along the guides to the moment the smooth movement is formed.
3. Tightening screws for fixing the caliper device.
4. Fastening components based on the working mechanism.
5. Mounting rolls and couplings.
6. Installation of marching motors. They are fixed to couplings bolts.

Electronic components are located in an autonomous cabinet. This provides minimization of failures in performance in the process of carrying out technological operations by the mill. The plane for mounting the work machine is obliged to be without drops, because the design does not provide level control screws.

After completing the above, proceed to performing trial tests. First, you need to install a lightweight program for performing milling. In the process of work, it is necessary to continuously check all the passages of the working body (cutters). Parameters that are subject to continuous control: depth and processing width. This specially refers to 3D processing.

Thus, referring to the above written information, the manufacture of milling equipment with their own hands, gives a whole list of benefits to ordinary purchased counterparts. Firstly, this design It will approach the intended volumes and types of work, secondly, maintainability is provided, as it is built from healthy materials and devices and, thirdly, this option is inexpensive.

Having experience designing such equipment, further repair does not take much time, downtime will be reduced to a minimum. Such equipment can be useful to your neighbors by cottage plot To fulfill their own repair work. By leasing such equipment, you will help your neighbor in labor, expect to help in the future.

Having understood with the design and functional features Milling machines, as well as a load that will fall on it, can be safely taken for its manufacture, based on the practical information given in the course of the text. Design and follow the tasks of without any problems.

Video: homemade CNC Milling machine on wood.

The kit with which you can collect your CNC milling machine.
In China, ready-made machines are sold, an overview of one of them on Muske has already been published. We will collect the machine themselves. Welcome…
Upd.: Links to files

I still give a link to the review of the finished machine from Andybig. I will not repeat, I will not quote his text, write everything from scratch. The title shows only a set with engines and drivers, there will be more parts, I will try to give links to everything.
And this ... I apologize in advance in front of the readers, the photos in the process did not specifically did, because At that moment, the review was not going to make, but I will raise the maximum of the pictures of the process and I will try to give a detailed description of all the nodes.

The purpose of the review is not so much boast how much to show the opportunity to make an assistant for yourself. I hope this review sudden someone's idea, and it is possible not only to repeat, but also to do it even better. Go…

How the idea was born:

It so happened that with the drawings I was associated for a long time. Those. My professional activity with them is closely related. But one thing, when you make a drawing, and after already completely different people embody the object of designing to life, and completely different when you embody the object design to life itself. And if I seem to be with construction things, it turns out normally, then with models and other applied arts are not particularly.
So I have long been a dream of an image drawn in autocada, to make a shrike - and it is in kind of in front of you, you can use. The idea of \u200b\u200bthis time has slipped from time to time, but I could not undertake anything for a specific time ...

While I did not see the year three or four back-rap. Well, 3D printer it was very interesting thing, and the idea to collect yourself for a long time, I collected information about different models, about pluses and minuses different options. At one point, by one of the links, I got to the forum where people were sitting and did not discuss 3D printers, and CNC milling machines. And hence, perhaps, the passion and starts his way.

Instead of theory

In a nutshell about milling machines with CNC (I write in your own words, it is intentionally, not copying articles, textbooks and benefits).

The milling machine works directly opposite to a 3D printer. In the printer, step by step, the layer of the layer the model is increasing by moving polymers, in a milling machine, with the help of a cutter from the workpiece, "all unnecessary" is removed and the desired model is obtained.

For such a machine, you need the necessary minimum.
1. Base (body) with linear guides and transmitting mechanism (can be screw or belt)
2. Spindle (I see someone smiled, but it's called it) - actually the engine with a colangoy, in which the working tool is installed - the cutter.
3. Stepper motors - engines that allow controlled angular movements.
4. Controller - control board, transmitting voltages to engines in accordance with the signals obtained from the control program.
5. Computer, with a managing program installed.
6. Basic drawing skills, patience, desire and good mood.))

The points:
1. Base.
By configuration:

Separate on 2 types, there are more exotic options, but the main 2:

With a moving portal:
In fact, the design selected by me, it has the basis on which the guides along the X axis are fixed. According to the guide axis x, the portal is moved, on which the guide axis Y is placed, and the Z axis moving along it is located.

With static portal
Such a design also represents the housing itself and is the portal on which the guide axis y is placed, and the node of the z axis moving along it, and the x axis is already moving relative to the portal.

By material:
Case can be made of different materials, the most common:
- Dural - has a good mass ratio, stiffness, but the price (precisely for the Hobbide Self-Line) is still depressing, although if there are species for serious money earning, then without options.
- Plywood - good stiffness with sufficient thickness, low weight, the ability to handle anything :), well, the price itself, the plywood sheet 17 is now quite inexpensive.
- Steel - often applied on machines of a large area of \u200b\u200bprocessing. Such a machine of course should be static (not mobile) and heavy.
- MFD, Plexiglas and monolithic polycarbonateEven the chipboard - also saw such options.

As you can see - the machine design itself is very similar and with a 3D printer and laser engravers.
I intentionally do not write about the design of 4, 5 and 6-seed milling machines, because On the agenda is the homemade hobby machine.

2. Spindle.
Actually, spindles are with air and water cooling.
FROM air cooled In the end, it is cheaper, because For them, it is not necessary to burn an additional water circuit, they work a little louder than water. Cooling is provided by an impeller installed on the back side, which in high revs creates a tangible air flow, coolant engine housing. Than more powerful engineThe more serious cooling and the larger the air flow that may well blow in all directions
Dust (chips, sawdust) of the processed product.

Watery cooling. Such a spindle works almost silently, but in the end, it is still not to hear the difference between them in the course of work, since the sound of the material being processed will block the material. A draft from the impeller, in this case, of course not, but there is an additional hydraulic circuit. In such a circuit there must be pipelines and pump pumping fluid, as well as a cooling place (blowing radiator). In this circuit, not water, and either toosol or ethylene glycol are usually poured into this circuit.

Also there are different power spindles, and if low-power can be connected directly to the control board, then the engine power from 1kW must already be connected through the control unit, but it is no longer about us.))

Yes, often in homemade machines Install straight grinders, or milling mills with a removable database. Such a solution can be justified, especially when performing work for short duration.

In my case, a spindle with air cooling with a capacity of 300W was chosen.

3. Stepper motors.
Motors of 3 sizes received the greatest distribution
NEMA17, NEMA23, NEMA 32
They differ in size, power and working point
NEMA17 is usually used in 3D printers, for milling machines they are small, because It is necessary to carry a heavy portal, to which the lateral load is additionally applied during processing.
NEMA32 For such a craft, it would also have to take another control board.
My choice fell on the NEMA23 with a maximum power for this board - 3a.

Also, people use heads from printers, but because I didn't have them and still had to buy chose everything in the kit.

4. Controller
Control board receiving signals from the computer and the transmitting voltage to stepper motors moving the axis of the machine.

5. Computer
We need a separate computer (possibly very old) and the reasons for this, perhaps, two:
1. You are unlikely to decide the milling machine next to the place where you are accustomed to reading online, play toys, lead accounting, etc. Just because the milling machine is loud and dusty. Usually the machine either in the workshop or in the garage (better heated). My machine stands in the garage, in winter it is predominantly idle, because No heating.
2. For economic considerations, computers are usually applied not yet relevant for domestic life - strongly used :)
Requirements for the car by big account Nothing:
- from Pentium 4
- availability of a discrete video card
- RAM from 512MB
- The presence of the LPT connector (I will not say about the USB, the name of the driver running on LPT has not yet studied the new
Such a computer either gets out of the storage room, or as in my case is bought for a scentual.
By virtue of low power Machines try not to put additional software, i.e. Only the axis and the management program.

Further two options:
- We install Windows XP (the computer is weak, remember, yes?) And the MATCH3 control program (there are others, but this is the most popular)
- put Nixes and Linux CNC (they say that everything is also very good, but I did not master Nixes)

I will be added, perhaps, not to offend unnecessarily secured people, that it is quite possible to put and not Prenok the fourth, and some A7 - please, if you like it and you can afford it.

6. Basic drawing skills, patience, desire and good mood.
Here in a nutshell.
To work the machine, you need a control program (essentially a text file containing displacement coordinates, movement speed and acceleration), which in turn is prepared in the CAM application - usually it is ArtCAM, in this application the model itself is to prepare, it is set to the cutting tool.
I usually do a little more long way, I make a drawing, and AutoCAD then, retaining it * .dxf loading in ArtCam and already prepare UE.

Well, proceed to the process of creating your own.

Before designing the machine, we accept several points for the starting points:
- The shafts of the axles will be made from the studs of the construction with the M10 thread. Of course, more technological options are undoubtedly exist: shaft with trapezoidal thread, Sharic-screw gear (ShvP), but it is necessary to understand that the issue price leaves much to be desired, and for a hobby machine the price is at all space. Nevertheless, over time, I am going to undergrade and replace the hairpin on the trapezium.
- Material material - plywood 16mm. Why plywood? Available, cheap, angry. Options are actually a lot, someone does out of Durally, one of the plexiglas. It is easier for me from plywood.

Making 3D model:


Scan:


Then I did this, the snapshot was left, but I think it will understand. Printed the scan on transparent sheets, cut them out and pasted on a sheet of plywood.
Sawed parts and drilled holes. From the tools - the electrolovka and the screwdriver.
There is another little trick that will make life easier in the future: all pair parts before drilling holes to squeeze the clamp and drill through, so you get holes equally located on each part. Even if a small deviation is turned out when drilling, the inner parts of the connected parts will coincide, and the hole can be drilled slightly.

In parallel we do the specification and begin to order everything.
What happened to me:
1. The set specified in this review includes: Stepper Motor Management Board (driver), stepper motors NEMA23 - 3 pcs., 12V power supply, LPTi cooler cord.

2. Spindle (this is the easiest, but nevertheless it performs its work), fastener and 12V power supply.

3. Used Pentium 4, most importantly on the motherboard there is an LPT and a discrete video card + CRT monitor. Took Avito for 1000r.
4. Steel shaft: F20mm - L \u003d 500mm - 2pcs., F16mm - L \u003d 500mm - 2pc., F12mm - L \u003d 300mm - 2pcs.
I took here, at that time in St. Petersburg it was more expensive. It came within 2 weeks.

5. Linear bearings: F20 - 4pcs., F16 - 4pcs., F12 - 4 pcs.
20

16

12

6. Fastening for shafts: F20 - 4pcs., F16 - 4pcs., F12 - 2pcs.
20

16

12

7. Nuts Caproolone with M10 - 3pcs thread.
Took with the shafts on duxe.ru
8. Rotation bearings, closed - 6pcs.
There, but the Chinese have them too
9. Wire PVS 4x2.5
This is offline
10. Coins, tongues, wrenches, clamps - a handful.
This is also offline, in hardware.
11. It was also bought a set of cutters

So, we order, wait, drink and collect.




Initially, the driver and power supply for it installed in the case with the computer together.


Later it was decided to place the driver in a separate package, it just appeared.


Well, the old monitor somehow changed to more modern.

As I said at the beginning, I did not think that I would write a review, so I would create photos of the nodes, and I will try to make explanations on the assembly process.

First we collect three axes without screws in order to maximize the shafts.
We take the front and rear walls of the body, fasten the flanges for the shafts. We ride on the x axis of 2 linear bearings and insert them into the flanges.


Fresh bottom portal to linear bearings, try to ride the base of the portal there and here. I am convinced of the curvature of our hands, we all disassemble and take a little reassuring the holes.
Thus, we get some freedom to move shafts. Now I'm caught in the flanges, insert the shafts in them and move the base of the portal forward-back to achieve smooth slip. Tighten the flanges.
At this stage, it is necessary to check the horizontal of the shafts, as well as their alopeciousness along the Z axis (in short, so that the distance from the assembly table to the shafts is the same) to then not fill the future working plane.
With the axis of x dealt.
Fresh portal racks to the base, I used furniture barrels for this.


Rock flanges for Y axis to racks, this time outside:


Insert trees with linear bearings.
Krepim rear wall Z axis.
We repeat the process of setting up the parallelism of the shafts and fix the flanges.
We repeat the same process with the Z axis.
We obtain a fairly funny design that can be moved by one hand in three coordinates.
Important moment: all axles should move easily, i.e. A slightly tilting design The portal should be freely, without any creak and resistance to move.

Next, secure running screws.
We cut off the construction heap of the M10 required length, screw the caprolone nut at about the middle, and 2 m10 nuts on each side. It is convenient for this, while screwing the nuts, pinch the hairpin into the screwdriver and holding the nuts.
Insert the bearings into the socket and go to them from the inside of the stud. After that, fix the studs to the bearing with nuts on each side and the second in the second to do not break.
Fresh caprolone nut to the base of the axis.
Push the end of the hairpin into the screwdriver and try to move the axis from the beginning to the end and return.
Here we are still waiting for a couple of joys:
1. Distance from the axis of the nut to the base in the center (and most likely at the time of the assembly, the base will be in the middle) may not coincide with the distance in extreme positions, because Shafts under construction can be fed. I had to put the card on the axis x.
2. The stroke of the shaft can be very tight. If you excluded all the distillation, then the tension role can play, here it is necessary to catch the moment of tensioning nuts to nuts to the installed bearing.
Having understood with the problems and having received free rotation from the beginning to end, go to the installation of other screws.

We attach stepper motors to the screws:
In general, when using special screws, whether it is a trapezoid or ShvP on them to process the ends and then the connection to the engine is very conveniently made by a special coupling.

But we have a building stud and I had to think how to fix it. At that moment I got into the hands of a cut gas pipeShe applied it. It is on the heel right "winding up" on the engine comes into the wipe, dragged the clamps - it keeps very well.


To secure the engines took aluminum tube, cut. Regulated by washers.
To connect the engines, these connectors took:




Sorry, I do not remember what they say, I hope someone in the comments will tell.
GX16-4 connector (thanks to Jager). I asked collega to buy in the electronics store, he just lives next to, and I worked very uncomfortable. They are very pleased: they are securely held, designed for a larger current, you can always disconnect.
We put the working field, he is a sacrificial table.
We attach all the engines to the control board from the review, connect it to 12B of BP, connect to the LPT cable computer.

We install on the Mach3 PC, make settings and try!
About the setting separately, perhaps, I will not write. This is a couple more pages to roll.

I have a whole joy, the roller of the first launch of the machine is preserved:

Yes, when there was a terrible stray on this video, I unfortunately, I still don't remember exactly, but in the end I found something puck spent, or something else, in general it was decided without any problems.

Next, it is necessary to put the spindle, while ensuring its perpendicularity (at the same time along x and along y) the working plane. The essence of the procedure is so, to the spindle with a tape with a pencil, thus obtaining an indent from the axis. With a smooth lowering of the pencil, he begins to draw a circle on the board. If the spindle is littered, then it turns out not a circle, but an arc. Accordingly, it is necessary to equalize the drawing of the circle. The photo from the process was preserved, the pencil is not in focus, and the angle is not the same, but I think the essence is clear:

We find a ready-made model (in my case the emblem of the Russian Federation) prepare the UE, they feed it Machu and go ahead!
Machine work:

Photo in the process:


Well, and naturally pass the dedication))
The situation both fun and generally understandable. We dream to build a machine and immediately cut out something supercourse, and in the end we understand that at this time it will take just a lot of time.

In a nutshell:
With 2D processing (simply discharge), the circuit is set, which is cut out for several passes.
With 3D processing (here you can plunge into the holivar, some claim that it is not 3d and 2.5d, because the workpiece is processed from above) the complex surface is set. And the higher the accuracy of the desired result, the thinner it uses the cutter, the greater the passages of this cutter.
Black processing is used to accelerate the process. Those. First, a sample of the main volume is made with a large cutter, then it starts finishing Thin milling.

Next, try, tune in experimenting etc. Rule 10,000 hours works and here;)
Perhaps I will not tire more about the construction, configuration, etc. It's time to show the results of using the machine - Product.

As you can see, it is basically dug out contours or 2d processing. It takes a lot of time on the processing of bulk figures, the machine stands in the garage, and I visit there for a short time.
Here I will rightly notice - and on ... build such a bandor, if you can cut the shape of a U-shaped jigsaw or an electrolovka?
You can, but this is not our method. How to remember at the beginning of the text, I wrote that it was the idea to make a drawing on a computer and turn this drawing in the product and served as an impetus to the creation of this beast.

Writing a review finally pushed the upgrade of the machine. Those. The upgrade was planned earlier, but "the hands did not reach everything." Latest change Before that was the organization of a house for the machine:


Thus, in the garage during the operation, the machine was much quieter and much less dust flies.

The latest upgrade was the installation of a new spindle, more precisely, I now have two replaceable databases:
1. With the Chinese spindle 300W for shallow work:


2. With domestic, but from a not less Chinese milling "Enkor" ...


New features have appeared with the new milling.
Faster processing, more dust.
Here is the result of using a semicircular dummy cutter:

Well, especially for MySku
Simple direct groove mill:


Video process:

On this I will turn around, but according to the rules it would be necessary to sum up the results.

Minuses:
- Expensive.
- Long.
- from time to time it is necessary to solve new problems (the light, the tip turned off, was unwound something and others)

Pros:
- The creation process itself. Only this already justifies the creation of the machine. Search for solutions of emerging problems and implementation, and is that for which instead of sitting on the pope exactly you get up and you go to do something.
- Joy at the time of the gift of gifts made by their own hands. It is necessary to add that the machine does not make all the work itself :) In addition to milling, it is necessary to still process it, pour painting, etc.

Thank you so much if you still read. I hope that my post albeit that even does not fit you to create such a (or other) machine, but it will expand the horizon and give food to reflections. Also thanks, I want to say to those who persuaded me to write this opus, without him, I didn't have an upgrade apparently, so everything is in positive.

I apologize for inaccuracies in the wording and all sorts of lyrical deviations. Much had to cut, otherwise the text would be just an immense. Clarifications and additions are naturally possible, write in the comments - I will try to answer everyone.

Good luck to you in your endeavors!

Promised Links to Files:
- drawing of the machine,
- scan,
Format - DXF. This means that you can open the file by any vector editor.
3D model detailed interest per 85-90, many things did, or at the time of the preparation of the scan, or at the place. Please "understand and forgive".)

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