To connect the tubes of air conditioners in apartments or offices most often use rolling. This method is easy to access and safe for equipment. But sometimes it is necessary to carry out the soldering of the air conditioner tubes.

In the presence of elementary technical knowledge, it is possible to replace or clear the copper tube in the air conditioner. Pipes are not included in the device's package - they are bought in construction stores. A copper pipe with silver impurities is suitable, capable of withstanding temperature differences arising from the operation of climatic systems, and non-subjected to corrosion. Pipe materials withstand high pressure and are not deformed. The chemical composition allows you to save the surface layer for a long time, which allows the system to work without the need for repair.

Materials and equipment

Copper-phosphorian solders

The diameter of the pipe is selected, based on the power of the device - the more powerful, the greater the diameter. The cost of the pipe is influenced by its technical characteristics, manufacturer brand, metal characteristics. Do not save on pipes, since it depends on the service life and the quality of the system split system.

Soldering tubes of the air conditioner begins with the selection of necessary tools and materials:

1. Truborez. This tool will allow good to prepare the end of the part that will be connected using solder.
2. Pipe bender. In order to avoid elevations and bad pavement, you need to use a special tool so that the diameter does not change, and at the same time the pipe can be bent at an angle.
3. Metal soldering iron, gas burner.
4. Solder for soldering copper pipe air conditioners.

On the strength and tightness of the soldering, the cleanliness of the surfaces is greater. But the kind of solder needs to be chosen correctly. Soldering is carried out with a solid or soft solder.

Pipe bender allows you to avoid the chances, keeping the diameter of the pipe

Solders are divided into:

• copper-phosphoric;
• silver.

To spare an aluminum tube of air conditioner uses two types of solder at once. For copper tubes it is better to choose solder with silver ions than phosphoric. This is due to the fragility of phosphate substance if more than 10% of nickel is located in the alloy.

If cadmium includes a solid solder, you need to take care of your health, as the pairs poison the body.

For a high-quality connection of the tubes, select a combustible mixture. Check when turned on:

1. If the torch of the average size and uniform blue color, this means that the gas-oxygen mixture is well balanced in composition. Metal will be heated evenly.
2. The pale blue color of the torch says that there is more oxygen in the mixture. It will oxidize the metal, and the dark flight will appear on it.

When the outer tube is bounded, the necessary gap is observed, in which the solder will fall. In the absence of such a connection of the tubes, it will not be sealed, and the freon will flow under pressure in minutes.

How the copper tubes are soldered - process and rule

Before connecting the tube of the air conditioner, it is necessary to clean the email or metal brush. Remains of lubrication, land, paints worsen the grip of solder and metal.

Soldering tubes of the air conditioner is carried out by the flame of the gas burner. With an optimal gas mixture, the flame simultaneously cleans and heats the surface of the tubes, preparing them to the connection.

To connect the air conditioner tubes by the soldering method, you need to insert one tube to another for a length equal to or larger than the diameter of the tubes. The gap is from 0.025 cm to 0.125 cm.

The tubes warmed the burner evenly. In order for the solder to penetrate the gap, the temperature of the internal and outer should be the same. At the same time, not only the place of alleged welding is captured, but also a little further - centimeters to 7 in each direction.

The warm rod solder is lowered into flux, the thin layer of which protects it from oxide. The smaller the flux layer, the better it turns out.

After it turned out to be pouring the tube of the air conditioner, the remnants of the flux are written.

Conditions that are followed when working:

1. On the burner there must be a flame reduction function to control the heating process. The overhaul tube is deformed and the end has to be dug.
2. The collapse is carried out on the pipe that lies towards the coming freon so that there are no friction and resistance at the site of the soldering. For example: if Freon goes on the left, then expand the right side of the tube and vice versa.
3. Since some solders distinguish harmful gases during heating, you should provide ventilation or put on the respirator.

Low-temperature soldering

The low-temperature mode of connecting two metal parts involves heating the main parts below 427 degrees, that is, below the melting point of the base metal. With this method, the metal is less oxidized, you can achieve local warming. Energy and materials saves. The result is a neat accurate junction.

Features of high-temperature soldering

For the freon route, high-temperature soldering does not apply

Melting point with high-temperature soldering above 427 degrees, but below the melting point of the parts connected. The technology is different from low temperature. With a vacuum soldering, a soft solder of tin is used. High temperature technologies are used for compounds that will continue to operate with high temperatures.

To independently perform the work of a sufficiently low-temperature regime. The pipes do not assume high temperatures of freon, but the compound must be tightly used to avoid refrigerant leakage during operation.

Welding air conditioner tubes

The argon welding method of the air conditioner tubes is used when wear or deformations of aluminum tubes. Argon welding is used because the heated aluminum is coated with an oxide film when interacting with oxygen. Argon prevents contact with oxygen and film formation.

The method of welding tubes is good for repair of autoconditioners.

Soldering aluminum at home, technology, methods

1. The easiest and most reliable way, connect something or attach to aluminum or its alloys is, of course, bolt and nut or ripples. All other methods require some training, devices, special solders, fluxes for soldering aluminum, etc.

As practice shows, aluminum does not roll at all in the usual way, tin-lead soldier, the cause of this is an oxide film, which is formed almost instantly after cleaning the soldered surface.

2. Therefore, one of the ways of soldering aluminum is - surface coating, immediately after stripping, layer of molten rosin. Not the best, but after multiple attempts, rubbing the sketch of the soldering room, you can achieve satisfactory results.

3. Next, you can use for soldering aluminum a solution of rosin in diethyl ether. We clean the surface and immediately lubricate this flux, and then sprinkle with copper sawdresses, which serve as an abrasive for removing the oxide film, and the place of the soldering, the usual solder (tin-lead). After, a copper wire or something else is soldered to the lifted platform.

4. Next technology soldering aluminum - the use of a special solder for soldering aluminum and flux. Most of these soldiers are low-temperature, but, their melting temperature is higher than that of tin-lead, in the range of 300-600 gr. S. Pledge of success is also a good warming and for this use a gas burner or a soldering lamp.

High temperature solders are used to solder massive parts, they are repaired and restore parts from aluminum and its alloys of any complexity (cars, motorcycles, etc.). Spike turns out very durable. In this way, tubes are soldered, such as aluminum and copper, inserting one to another and covered around. But, when solding aluminum with other metals, see the solder and flux to be designed for one and other metal.

The surface is covered and covered with a special flux, as in previous cases, and when solder melts - you can crush the scene of the solder of stainless steel knife (or a stainless steel brush) so that the oxide film is better. Thus, we affect the aluminum surface and solder everything we need to.

This does not end the ways of soldering aluminum at home. You can apply an electrochemical method.

5. We clean the surface and put into place soldering a few drops of a concentrated solution of copper mood. Then, we take the power supply to 5-12V and the current about 1 ampere (can be more), connect to the power supply to the resistance of 4-5 ohms and power. 5-10 W, and our fixture is ready. The load is calculated in such a way that the BP is not burned during operation, i.e., about 1-5 amps current.

Now the aluminum workpiece is connected to the negative pole of the power supply, and to the positive - we connect the bare copper wire (you can twist it into a small flat spiral), which is then injected into a drop of a sulfate solution so that the end does not touch the surface of the part. Everything is ready, turn on the power supply and wait a few minutes. The copper layer, as a result of electrolysis, will fall into place for soldering. And then, washed off (but not try to erase copper), Ludim, and solder wires or terminal. This method, of course, is not suitable for soldering any massive parts, and for contact with the wires it is suitable.

6. Alternatively, instead of a sulfur solution, a hydrochloric acid can be used: drip into the place of soldering and then led copper drive through the contact site. The precipitation of copper occurs faster than in the first case, but with acid you need to be careful. And the place of the soldering is necessarily thoroughly rinse with water.

Compound of copper pipes: instructions and comparison of various installation technologies

So that the acid does not have an excess area, it can be sealed with a tape or pour paraffin, and the desired area is screamed. T. about. You can make a soldering of aluminum with copper and other metals, and the contact pads will have a beautiful neat shape.

That's all, and if there are some other ways to solder aluminum or additions to the above, write.

Victor Donskoy
www.masteru.org.ua.

Photo of a lovely girl to attract your attention

Aluminum welding - not a simple task

High electrical and thermal conductivity of aluminum, very low weight in combination with excellent mechanical properties of its alloys, made this material simply indispensable in many areas of production. But with all its unique properties, this metal is very difficult to weld. The ability to boil aluminum qualitatively is what distinguishes the welder of high qualifications from the amateur welder.

There are two main ways of welding aluminum parts:

• MIG aluminum welding semi-automatic
• Argonodu for TIG Welding Aluminum
  

Sometimes it becomes necessary to connect aluminum parts between themselves, but at the same time there is no suitable welding machine or a professional welder, and the connection strength does not play a special role. In this case, the method will come to the rescue that is described in our video instruction.

You will need:

• Propane burner
• Rods for soldering aluminum
• Fluid for degreasing surface
• Clamps for keeping parts

"Welding" aluminum without using a welding machine

Attention

In fact, it is certainly not welding. This method, perhaps, can be called soldering. Despite this, this method is quite suitable in the case when the parts connected will not experience strong loads, and not strong too. For example, for the manufacture of decorative products, souvenirs.

So, if you need to weld the parts from aluminum, use the services of professionals. Or buy a welding machine and become a professional yourself. Good luck!

Copper pipes are used for installation of GVS, HPW, air conditioning, heating, gas supply. They are expensive, however durable, plastic, resistant to corrosion. But that engineering communications of them will be served for decades, the connection of copper pipes should be made correctly.

We will tell how the device of copper pipelines, providing a tightness of the transported medium or circulating coolant. In the article submitted to familiarization, the installation technologies are described in detail. Taking into account our advice, the construction of systems will be performed "on excellent".

To perform installation of internal pipelines in the house, you can choose a pipe from plastic, metal-plastic or stainless steel. But only analogue from copper is able to serve without problems and overhaul more than half a century.

Correctly mounted copper pipeline systems in practice, work regularly throughout the service life, which is assigned a cottage or apartment building.

The fittings and joints of the joints of the soldering on statistics of accidents are used to be more reliable than the copper pipes themselves - if the breakthrough in the system is happening, only on the wall of the pipe

Pipes made of copper are not terrible long thermal loads, chlorine and ultraviolet. When freezing, they do not crack, and with a change in the temperature of the inner medium (water, drain, gas) do not change their geometry.

Unlike plastic analogs, do not sag. This plastic is subject to expansion at high temperatures, with copper of this, does not occur by definition.

Pipe copper products have two drawbacks - high price and softness of metal. However, the high cost of the material pays off a long service life.

And so that the walls of the pipes are not damaged from the inside erosion, filters must be installed in the system. If there are no contaminants in the form of solid particles, then there will be no problems with the destruction of pipelines.

Requirements for processing and welding pipes

When working with copper pipes, the following rules must be followed:

1. By mounting the soldering water supply pipe HPV or DHW, it should be eliminated by the use of lead solder - lead is too toxic.
2. The flow rate of water should be no higher than 2 m / s, otherwise the smallest sand particles or other solids will gradually begin to destroy the walls of the pipe.
3. When using fluxes after the installation is completed, the pipeline system is mandatory to be flushing - flux is an aggressive substance and will contribute to corrosion of pipe walls from copper.
4. When soldering, it is impossible to prevent overheating of the connection site - this can lead not only to the formation of a leaky joint, but also the loss of the strength of the copper product.
5. Pipe transitions with copper on other metals (steel and aluminum) are recommended to be performed by brass or bronze adapter fittings - otherwise steel and aluminum pipes will quickly begin corrosive.
6. Greet (metal influx) and burrs in places cutting are subject to mandatory removal - their presence leads to the formation of turbulent twists in the water stream, which contributes to erosion and reduce the operational period of the pipeline from copper.
7. When preparing copper pipes to the compound, it is strictly forbidden to apply abrasives - their remaining after installation inside the particle will lead to damage to the metal and the formation of the fistula.

If in the system of the water pipe or heating in the house, in addition to copper, there are also pipes or elements from other metals, then the water flow should go from them to copper, and not vice versa. The current of water from copper to steel, zinc or aluminum will lead the rapid electrochemical corrosion of the pipeline sections from the latter.

Copper pipes are cut and bent without problems, even a beginner master is able to cope with them into a single pipeline system. You only need to find the appropriate tools and follow the instructions.

Thanks to the plasticity and strength of the metal, copper pipes are cutting and flexing. Rotate the pipeline can be performed both by using pipe bending and using fittings. And for the device of branches and compounds with various devices, there are many parts from heat-resistant plastics, brass, stainless steel and bronze.

On the interaction of copper with other metals

In most private houses, household water pipelines are assembled from steel and aluminum pipes. In heating systems there are also radiators made of steel or aluminum. Incorrect cutting into such a wiring of copper pipes is fraught with considerable problems.

For construction standards to eliminate corrosion processes in a pipeline from various pipes, water flow should be sent to copper

The most optimal installation option is the use of pipes and devices solely from copper and its alloys. Now without problems, bimetallic aluminum-copper radiators can be found, as well as appropriate fittings and shut-off valves. Combining different metals is only in extreme cases.

If combination is inevitable, then copper must be closed in the chain of the elements of the pipeline. It is impossible to save it from the ability to carry out electrot.

And if there is even a weak current, this metal creates with steel, aluminum and zinc galvanic pairs, which inevitably leads to premature corrosion. When installing the water supply between them, it is necessary to insert adapters from bronze.

It is also a potential problem - oxygen in water. The more its content, the faster corrosive pipes. This applies to pipelines from both one metal and made from different.

Often the owners of cottages allow a serious mistake, often changing the coolant in the heating system. This only leads to the addition of completely unnecessary portions of oxygen. It is best not to change the water completely, but to add it when there is a need.

Installation Choice: Discalted VS In-Dispute

To in a single pipeline system, you can use several methods of their articulation. Different plumbing apply crimp and press fittings, welding or soldering. But before starting work itself, you need to decide on the pipeline or detachable.

There are three mounting technologies for connecting pipes from copper:

• electric welding;
• soldering with a burner or electrician;
• pressing.

All these technologies can be applied in the formation of both the detachable and all-in-disposal system. There is more question of using a variety of fittings and adapters or a refusal of them.

If the design can not be disassembled without the destruction of its individual parts, it is considered to be delicate - it turns out cheaper, but it is more difficult to repair it

If the pipeline system is needed detachable, as well as a simpler repair and addition of new elements, then the connections must be made detached.

For this use fittings:

• compression;
• threaded;
• self-defined.

The detachable connections are easier to perform independently, you can do without soldering. They do not require a master of unnecessarily high qualifications.

However, such nodes need constant inspection and pulling nuts to exclude leaks. Pressure and temperature drops in the system lead to weakening fasteners. And from time to time they are recommended to pull up.

If access to copper pipes is planned to be closed with tightly finish or concrete screed, it is best to connect them to a deign design by soldering or welding. Such a system is more reliable, durable and resistant to impulses.

It is forbidden to damage from copper. This metal is too soft in its structure. With the device of the detachable pipeline, all threaded connections should be made by fittings. Recently connect with a copper pipe with pressing or soldering.

Before performing compounds, copper pipes are prepared in a special way:

Gallery of images

Copper pipe cutting is made of metal or pipe cutter. The line of the cut should be exactly at right angles.

After cutting the end of the pipe is necessarily processed by the game to remove the slightest irregularities and burrs

A portion of the pipe immersed in the fuel prepared for soldering is thoroughly cleaned from dirt and degrease

No cleaning and degreasing coupling, removal or tee, which will be soldered to the pipe

Copper Copper Pipe Before Connection

Removal of burrs a gratering agent

Degression and stripping of the outer surface

Stripping Curbus Coupling and Fitting

Three main ways of compound

Before connecting the segments of copper pipes, you need to cut them in accordance with the wiring scheme and prepare. It will take the pipeline or hacksaw for metal, pipe bender and a file. And for stripping the ends does not hurt and fine-grained sandpaper.

Only having a scheme of a future pipeline system on their hands, you can calculate the required amount of consumables. It is necessary to determine in advance, where and what diameter of the pipe will be mounted. It is necessary to clearly understand how much the connecting elements will be required for this.

Option # 1: Welding copper pipes

To perform automated or manual welding of copper pipes, electrodes and gas are required to create a protective environment (nitrogen, argon or helium). You will also need a welding machine on constant current and in some cases burner. The electrode may be graphite, tungsten, copper or coal.

The main disadvantage of this assembly technology is significant differences in the characteristics of the seam and metal pipe obtained. They differ in chemical composition, internal structure, electric and thermal conductivity. With incorrectly performing welding, the junction may even dispense.

Due to copper doping as a result of a welding seam available in the electrode, a welding seam is very different from the main metal welded

Welding copper pipes can be properly connected only by a qualified master. It requires certain knowledge and skills.

This embodiment has a mass of technological nuances. If there is no place in the plans to do it yourself, but there is no experience with the welding machine, it is better to use a different way of compound.

Option # 2: Capillary soldering

In domestic conditions, copper pipe welding plumbing is rarely connected. It is too complicated, requiring specialized skills and time consuming. It is easier to use the capillary soldering method using a gas burner or a soldering lamp.

The technology of soldering pipes from copper is based on the capillary lift (seeping) of the latter after melting on the gap between two pressed metal planes

Copper pipe soldering:

• low-temperature - use soft solders and soldering lamp;
• high temperature - refractory alloys and propane or acetylene burner are used.

Of particular difference in the final result, these methods of braking copper pipes do not have. The connection in both cases is obtained reliable and durable to the gap. The seam with a high temperature method is somewhat stronger. However, due to the high temperature, the gas jet out of the burner increases the risk of burning the pipe wall metal.

Solders are used on the basis of tin or lead with the addition of bismuth, selenium, copper and silver. However, if the pipes roll for the drinking water supply system, then it is better to abandon it from a lead option.

Gallery of images

To implement low-temperature welding, it is not necessary to have special equipment and special performers skills. Conduct it with your own forces

The compound of low-temperature soldering is used mainly in the assembly of pipelines from soft pipes R 220. They maintain a pressure of 220 N / mm², which does not exceed the operating parameters in household heating and water supply networks

To perform low-temperature soldering pipe and solder, it is enough to warm up the standard soldering lamp

To create a melt, filling capillaries and the gap between the connected pipes, uses a light-melting solder, which quickly melts and freely spreads along the crop

Low-temperature welding in living conditions

Bay with soft copper pipes

Soldering lamp for low-temperature soldering

Use of low-melting solder

Two ways of spike piping from copper diffuses:

• bubble;
• with the help of fittings.

The first option provides for expanding the end of one of the connected pipes with a special expander. Then, this socket is put on the second pipe, and the joint is soldered with the help of solder.

The extension of the end is made so that there is a gap of 0.1-0.2 mm between the external and inner walls of the combined products. More is not necessary. Solder on it due to the capillary effect will still fill the entire existing lumen.

In this technology, it is important not to damage the pipe when expanding. If it is made of solid copper (R 290), it will have to be superbilled. At the same time, the metal at the articulation site acquires the properties of a soft counterpart. It is important not to forget about these changes when calculating the parameters of the operating pressure in the pipeline.

The use of special fittings for capillary soldering makes it possible to eliminate errors with the degree of pipe expansion in the formation of the termination, they are initially fitted for the desired

To simplify the soldering with your own hands of the elements of the copper pipeline, it is enough to purchase ready-made couplings, turns, tees and plugs. They already have the necessary fallen. The use of these parts leads to an increase in the cost of assembly work, but they greatly simplifies them.

To purify the metal at the site of soldering and lubrication of the solder, the ends of the connected pipes are covered with flux. It should be applied solely on the pipe walls outside. Curses and fittings from the inside are not processed. This is simply no need.

Gallery of images

To perform high-temperature soldering, the use of gas propane or acetylene burner is required

For the operational conduct of low-temperature smelting, fittings are used with a light-melting point in them. They are permissible to apply when performing high-temperature soldering

To improve the quality of the solder, the connected pipes are covered with flux, which plays the role of metal lubrication and trancing. In a high-temperature soldering, a boar is used as a flux

For the production of high-temperature soldering, it will take refractory solder from bronze or silver alloy with copper. It comes in the form of hard rods with a diameter of 3 mm

Propane or acetylene gas burner

Using fittings with fused solder

Processing Flux Connection Zone

Sodle refractory solder

To perform the spike tubes are inserted into the socket and heat the burner. When the desired temperature is reached, solder is brought to the gap. He begins to melt and fly inside.

If it falls too much into the joint, it will follow the pipeline from the inside, which will lead to a narrowing of the inner diameter of the pipe. And with a small flow rate, the compound is not sufficiently proplayer.

If problems arise with the use of solder, then you can use fittings in which it is already in the desired volumes. To simplify work now, at the factory, the capillary belt from the corresponding alloy is brought to these connecting elements. This item needs only to wear onto the pipe and warm up the burner.

Option # 3: Collet fittings and press couplings

The in-disable connection of pipes from copper can be performed using a press clutch or crimping (collet) fittings. Instead of solder, a sealing ring is used instead of a solder. The first option is clamped onto the pipe with special ticks, and the second - the ones with the nuts and the key to them.

17330 0 7

The size matters: how to connect two pipes of the same diameter

In this article, I want to talk about the methods of connecting pipes, first of all - airtight, using water supply and sewage installation. The material is reviewed and is intended to only introduce the reader with a variety of installation methods: I intentionally do not mention the fineness of technology and recommend this or that tool. So, on the road.

Steel

Despite the abundance of polymer pipes, black and galvanized steel still remains in demand in the field of housing and communal services and at the installation of high pressure lines. The methods used to connect elements of steel pipelines to a large degree depend on the cross section of the pipe.

Electric welding

Diameters: any, thickness of the pipe wall: from 0.5 mm.

When welding with large currents, it is easy to burn the walls of the thin-walled pipe; Reducing the current leads to a sticking of the electrode. Therefore, the electric welding of fine metal requires a certain skill.

Dignity: Arc welding is the only way to connect large diameter pipes with a significant wall thickness, providing an acceptable step strength. Automated welding is used in the production of suture pipes and when installing pipelines.

Disadvantage: Hermetic seam is almost impossible to perform a newcomer. Welding pipelines requires the highest qualifications.

Technology:

As usual, there are a number of nuances:

• The chamfer can only be removed outside the pipe or outside and from the inside. Tolstoyed pipes of large diameters cope with both sides;
• When welding the pipes of small diameters of the vacuum should be pre-grabbed in two or three points and align them along the total axis, then start tapping the seam across the circumference. Due to uneven heating, the seam area leads noticeably;
• Welding can be performed with a continuous argon feed to the arc region. The inert gas completely eliminates the oxidation of the seam.

Minor leaks on the highways of cold water can be eliminated, races hot seam of a bitumen. It instantly fills the pores by the melt due to the capillary effect. On hot water, this instruction is useless: when the bitum is reheated, the bitumen is melted again and will be outed from the pore.

Gas welding

Diameters: up to 100 - 150 mm.

Pipe wall thickness: up to 3-4 mm.

Dignity: undemanding to the experience of the welder. I have a hermetic seam obtained after a few hours of practice.

Disadvantage: the inability to boil with gas thick-walled pipes. The burner is simply unable to warm their walls before reflowing edges.

Technology:

1. The pipe is clipped perpendicular to the longitudinal axis;
2. With thick-walled pipes (more than 2 mm) the outer chamfer is removed;
3. The edges of the future seam are heated by acetylene burner to bright red luminescence and flaving edges;
4. A welding wire is introduced into the torch of the burner, the melt of which fills the seam. The melt bath should not stick: only in this case, the seam will be sealed.

A special case

Non-reflective seams are boiled with a mirror or with the help of an operating seam. In the latter case, the window is cut in the pipe, then the seam copes from the inside, after which the window is brewed again.

Coupling

Diameters: up to 50 mm.

Wall thickness: any.

Dignity: the simplest threaded connection of pipes that can be connected sequentially and rotated around the longitudinal axis.

Disadvantage: The coupling assembly of a long vacuum eliminates the disassembly of a separate connection. Pipes have to get out of the couplings sequentially.

Technology:

1. Pipes are trimmed at right angles to the longitudinal axis;
2. On the lathe or with your own hands, with a dice, a short (five threads) is cutting with a thread on both connected pipes;
3. Threaded screws on one of the pipes, which screws up the second pipe. Plumbing flax uses for sealing (preferably with impregnating paint or sealant) or polymer sealing thread.

The couplings, in particular, were installed in houses with steel water supply lines and served to connect with eccentric when installing a wall mounting mixer.

Sign

Diameters: up to 50 mm.

Wall thickness: any.

Dignity: Makes the connection of non-turning pipes collapsible.

Failure: long carving of the camp is most vulnerable to corrosiondue to the minimum thickness of the walls and the absence of a protective paint and varnish coating. It, being applied, is disturbed at the first disassembly.

Technology:

1. A short thread (5 threads) is cut on one pipe, on the other - long (12-15 threads);
2. Long threads are consistently knocked out lock nuts and coupling;
3. The coupling until the stop is driven by a short-thread;
4. Following it, the locking tires, pushing the thread winding before the coupling.

Flanges

Diameter: 76 mm and more.

Wall thickness: from 3 mm.

Advantages:

• The compound remains collapsing, including on non-refinery;
• The effort required for installation or dismantling is not tied to the pipe diameter. With increasing diameter, the number of bolt flanges increases;
• Flanges can be used to connect with locking reinforcement or to install retained washers. In particular, it is the washers that provide circulation in the risers of the GWS of most houses of the 80s construction and newer.

Disadvantages: Installation of the flange is performed only by electric welding, which is not always convenient in the field.

Technology:

1. Pipes are traced perpendicular to the longitudinal axis;
2. It is removed with outer (and with large diameter - and internal) chamdes;
3. Flanges are welded;
4. After cooling and stripping, the flanges are tightened through a rubber, silicone or paronite gasket. The bolts are tightened alternately, crosswise, one by one turn at a time. The price of violation of this simple rule - uneven compression of the gasket and the high probability of leaks with pressure hopes.

Compression fittings

Diameters: up to 32 mm.

Wall thickness: any.

Advantages: extremely easy installation using a girlfriend, the possibility of mounting on corrosion-affected pipes.

Disadvantage: Low connection strength on the gap.

Technology:

1. The edges of the pipes are cleaned of paint and rust;
2. Then they are inserted into the fitting with weakened nuts;
3. Nuts are tightened. At the same time, they crimp the pipe with rubber sealing rings, sealing the connection.

A special case

Compression fittings are used for installation of corrugated stainless steel pipes. However, in this case, the strength of the compound is not inferior to the strength of the pipe itself: it can withstand pressure up to 50-65 atmospheres. The secret is simple: the silicone fitting seal crimps not a smooth surface, and the comb of corrugations, so it is almost impossible to pull it out of the proven fitting.

Many fittings use additional fixation of the ridge by a split retaining ring.

American

Diameter: up to 32 mm.

It is these sizes of the Americans that I saw on sale. It is possible that they are produced and under the diameters of 40 - 50 mm, but in the range of local construction and online stores I have not met such proposals.

Wall thickness: any.

Advantages: extremely fast disassembly. To open the pipeline, it is enough just to unscrew the cape nut.

Disadvantage: The connection of pipes by an American requires pre-cutting threads.

Technology: Halves of disassembled-American fittings are screwed onto the suitable threads of adjacent pipes, after which they are tightened with a cape nut. Tightness is provided by an annular rubber gasket.

Crabs

So-called crabs are steel overlays that allow combining round and profile pipes with bolts. They are used when assembling the frames of greenhouses, racks (trading, for tool, etc.) and other designs that do not require special strength or tightness of the compounds.

Pipe sizes: diameter up to 25 mm; Receptions of profile pipes up to 20x40 and 25x25.

Wall thickness: any.

Advantages: allow quick assembly and disassembly with the help of a pair of horn or cash keys; Multiple reuse of fasteners and pipes.

Disadvantage: limited strength.

Technology: The ends of the pipe are clamped between the "crab" halves, after which they are tightened by bolts and nuts.

The greenhouse assembled on the "crab".

Polyvinyl chloride

PVC pipes are known primarily as the most affordable solution for mounting internal and outdoor. However, pressure pipes are used for installation of water pipes.

Ring seals

The compound of PVC pipes with the help of ring seals is also practiced in non-pressure sewerage, and in pressure pipelines. Only the thickness of the walls of the pipe and the effort required to divert the termination are distinguished.

Diameters: 50 - 600 mm.

Wall thickness: any.

Advantages: Pipes are supplied completely ready-to-install connections with installed ring seals. When under the size of the installation, clutches with two anti-directional terminats are used.

Disadvantages: a lot of effort required to build a compound with a large diameter of the pipe; The possibility of spontaneous dusting of the connection.

Technology:

1. Factory ends of pipes are ready for docking. Borrowers are cleaned with cut-off pipes and the outer chamfer is removed;
2. At the end of the pipe and the sealing ring applies a small amount of liquid soap or silicone lubricant;
3. The pipe is pressed into a squash.

With a significant effort required for pressing, it can be applied:

• Systems of clamps and levers;
• Loading machinery.

Adhesive connections

They are used when installing pressure pipelines. Glue is a solution of polyvinyl chloride in an organic solvent.

Diameter: up to 110 mm.

Wall thickness: any.

Dignity: Connection of strength is almost not inferior to a solid area.

Disadvantage: The connection is made in unimpeable.

How to connect PVC pipes with glue?

1. The glue is applied to the inner side of the terminaby and at the end of the pipe with the outdoor chamfer;
2. A smooth plot of pipes is inserted into the slur turns 90 degrees;
3. The connection is fixed before the glue setting (not more than 1 minute).

Polypropylene

The only massively used method of connecting propylene pipes - open welding. For this purpose, a monolithic polypropylene coupling is used.

Diameters: 20-110 mm.

Wall thickness: any.

Dignity: Connection of strength is not inferior to a solid tube.

Disadvantages: A special tool is required (low-temperature soldering iron); The connection is non-separable and can only be carved.

Technology:

1. The pipe is trimmed with a pipe cutter or ordinary hacksaw;
2. The outer chamfer is removed;

For reinforced aluminum foil pipe PN25 requires stripping from aluminum foil in the welding area. For this purpose, a manual shaper is used or similar to the functionality of the drill nozzle.

1. The pipe is inserted into a soldering iron of the appropriate diameter heated to 240 degrees. Simultaneously with this, the second side of the nozzle is used to refuel the coupling;

1. The fitting and pipe are combined with smooth forward movement and are fixed before setting the polymer melt. The time of fixation, heating and cooling is predictable determined by the pipe cross section. For the convenience of the reader, I will collect all the recommended parameters in the same table.

Diameter	Heat	Fixation	Full cooling
20 mm	7 seconds	6 seconds	2 minutes
25 mm	8 seconds	10 seconds	2 minutes
32 mm	8 seconds	10 seconds	4 min
40 mm	12 seconds	20 seconds	4 min
50 mm	18 seconds	20 seconds	4 min
63 mm	24 seconds	30 seconds	6 min
75 mm	30 seconds	30 seconds	6 min
90 mm	40 seconds	40 seconds	6 min
110 mm	50 seconds	50 seconds	8 min

Polyethylene

Polyethylene pipes are used:

• For laying pressure sewage;
• As material for high water supply highways;
• When organizing country water pipes;
• When installing non-pressure sewerage.

When installing the polyethylene sewage, the PND connection of the pipes is no different from that for flaring PVC pipes with annular seals.

Black sewer tube - polyethylene.

Two fundamentally different installation methods are used for pressure plumbing.

Shock welding

Diameter: from 40 to 2400 mm.

Wall thickness: from 4 to 70 mm.

Dignity: The strength of the seam reaches 80% of the strength of the monolithic pipe.

Lack: When docking large diameter pipelines, expensive equipment and mechanical or hydraulic devices for centering and clamping are required.

The plug strength of the pipe with butt welding should reach 1.5 kgf / cm. At the same time, the pipe cross section of the pipe can be calculated by thousands of square centimeters.

Technology:

1. The pipe is trimmed only at right angles to the longitudinal axis;
2. Welded ends are centered;
3. Between them is introduced the mirror of the heater;
4. After melting, the mirror is cleaned, and the ends of the pipes are pressed to each other;
5. After a complete cooling of the joint, the grant (squeezed polymer melt) is mechanically preparing on the inside of the pipe.

Compression fittings

How to connect PND pipes with a small diameter and a slight wall thickness?

In this case, compression fittings are already familiar to us.

Diameter: 16 - 32 mm.

Wall thickness: any.

Advantages: Easy installation without tool use, fast disassembly.

Disadvantage: relatively low tensile strength.

Technology:

1. A tank nut, a locking ring and a rubber or polyethylene seal are successively put on the pipe;
2. Its end is inserted into the fitting;
3. The nut is delayed by crimping the pipe with the seal.

Metalplastic

Metal plastic is two layers of cross-linked (enhanced cross-links between polymer molecules) polyethylene with fine aluminum tube between them. When installed, three ways of compound are used.

Compression fittings

Diameters: any.

Wall thickness: any.

Dignity: Apply the simplest hand tool. I usually use the fitting to build a couple of recording keys.

Disadvantage: The quality of the connection depends on the proper assembly technology. If you do not calibrate the pipe, the displacement of rubber sealing rings along the nozzle will lead to the appearance of leaks after several heating and cooling cycles.

Technology:

1. Cut the pipe with pipe cutters;
2. Calibrate it and remove the inner chamfer;
3. We put on the pipe a cap nut and a split ring;
4. Apply on fitting fitting silicone lubricant;
5. Gently, not to shift sealing rings, put on the pipe for the fitting;
6. Up to the stop shift to fitting a split ring and a nut;

1. Tighten the nut to tangible resistance.

Press fittings

Their only difference from the previous solution is that instead of a naked nut and a split ring, the pipe is crimped at the stainless steel sleeve fitting.

Diameter: Any.

Wall thickness: any.

Dignity: Properly performed compound does not give leaks for any temperature drops.

I suspect that the press fittings do not flow only because when they are installed, professionals are not linted to calibrate the pipes and remove the chamfer. According to my observations, the compression fittings collected in all rules is not inferior to a reliability press fitting.

In the photo - plastic tee with two push clutches and adapter on the pipe thread.

Diameter: Any.

Wall thickness: any.

Dignity: Simple build without using the tool.

Disadvantages: High cost of fittings, moderate reliability of the connection to the gap.

Technology: The end of the pipe is inserted into the fitting with a pre-weakened nut, after which it is delayed. The pipe is fixed with a metal ring with the paws directed inside. Tightness is provided by an annular rubber seal.