Homemade Milling Machine with CNC: We collect it yourself. Homemade Milling Machine with CNC: We collect with your own hands a maximum of attention - bed

Knowing about what is complex technical and electronic deviceMany craftsmen think that it is simply impossible to make it with their own hands. However, such an opinion is erroneous: it is possible to make such equipment yourself, but for this you need to have not only it detailed drawing, but also a set required tools and the corresponding components.

Processing of dural billet on a homemade desktop milling machine

Deciding on the manufacture of homemade CNC, keep in mind that it can escape a significant amount of time. In addition, certain financial costs will be required. However, not afraid of such difficulties and correctly approaching all the issues, one can become the owner of an affordable, efficient and productive equipment available, allowing to carry out the processing of blanks from different materials With a high degree of accuracy.

To make a milling machine, equipped with the CNC system, you can use two options: buy a ready-made set, from specially selected elements of which such equipment is assembled, or to find all components and with your own hands to assemble a device that fully satisfies all your requirements.

Instructions for assembling self-made milling machine with CNC

Below in the photo you can see the made own hands to which attached detailed instructions For the manufacture and assembly, indicating the materials used and components, accurate "patterns" of the machine parts and approximate costs. The only minus is the instruction on english languageBut it is quite possible to understand detailed drawings, and without knowing the language.

Download free Machine Manufacturing Instructions:

Milling Machine CNC is assembled and ready for work. Below are some illustrations from the instructions for assembling this machine

"Patterns" machine parts (Reduced view) Start of the machine assembly Intermediate stage Final stage assembly

Preparatory work

If you decide that you will design a CNC machine with your own hands, without using the finished set, the first thing you need to do is to stop your choice on conceptwhich will work such mini equipment.

As the basis of milling equipment with CNC, you can take old drilling machinein which the working head with the drill is replaced with the milling. The most difficult thing to be designed in such equipment is a mechanism that provides the movement of the instrument in three independent planes. This mechanism can be collected on the basis of carriages from the non-working printer, it will ensure the movement of the instrument in two planes.

To the device assembled on such a schematic diagram, easy to connect software control. However, its main disadvantage is that it is possible to process on such a CNC machine with CNC only blanks of plastic, wood and thin sheet metal. This is explained by the fact that carriages from the old printer that will provide cutting tool, do not have a sufficient degree of rigidity.

In order for your homemade CNC homemade machine to perform full-fledged milling operations with blanks from various materials, a sufficiently powerful stepper motor must be answered for moving the working tool. It is absolutely not necessary to look for the engine that is precisely a step type, it can be made from a conventional electric motor, subjected to the last small refinement.

Application stepper Engine In your will give the opportunity to avoid using the screw transmission, and the functionality and characteristics homemade equipment From this will not be worse. If you still decide to use the carriage from the printer for your mini-machine, it is desirable to choose them from a more large-sized model of the printed device. To transfer efforts on the milling equipment shaft, it is better not to apply usable, and gear straps that will not slip on the pulleys.

One of the most important nodes of any similar machine is the mechanism of the mill. It is its manufacture that it is necessary to pay special attention. To properly make such a mechanism, you will need detailed drawings that need to be strictly followed.

CNC milling machine drawings

Establish the equipment assembly

The basis of the self-made milling equipment with CNC can be a rectangular beam, which must be securely fixed on the guides.

The carrier design of the machine should have high rigidity, when it is installed, it is better not to use welded connections, and you only need to connect all the elements using screws.

This requirement is explained by the fact that the welds are very poorly tolerated by vibratory loads that will be subject to basic structure equipment. Such loads will eventually lead to the fact that the machine frame will begin to collapse over time, and it will occur in geometric sizes, which will affect the accuracy of the equipment setting and its performance.

Welded seams When mounting the frame of the homemade milling machine often provoke the development of the backlash in its nodes, as well as the deflection of the guides formed during serious loads.

In the milling machine, which you will collect with your own hands, a mechanism must be provided that ensures the movement of the working tool in the vertical direction. It is best to use a screw transmission for this, the rotation to which will be transmitted using a toothed belt.

An important part of the milling machine is its vertical axis for homemade device Can be made of aluminum stove. It is very important that the dimensions of this axis are exactly adjacent to the dimensions of the device being collected. If you have a muffle furnace, you can make the vertical axis of the machine with your own hands, sings it from aluminum in size specified in the finished drawing.

After all components of your homemade milling machine are prepared, you can begin to assemble. Begins this process From the installation of two stepper electric motors, which are attached to the equipment body for its vertical axis. One of these electric motors will be responsible for moving the milling head in a horizontal plane, and the second is for moving the head, respectively, in vertical. After that, the remaining nodes and units of homemade equipment are mounted.

Rotation to all nodes of self-made equipment with CNC should be transmitted only by belt gears. Before connecting to collected machine System control system, it is necessary to check its performance in manual mode and immediately eliminate all the identified disadvantages in its operation.

You can see the assembly process on the video that is easy to find on the Internet.

Stepper engines

In the design of any milling machine equipped with CNC, stepper motors are necessarily present, which ensure the movement of the tool in three planes: 3D. When designing a homemade machine for this purpose, you can use the electromotors installed in the matrix printer. Most of the old models of matrix printing devices were equipped with electric motors with sufficient high power. In addition to stepper electric motors from the old printer, it is worth taking durable steel rods that can also be used in the design of your homemade machine.

In order to make the CNC milling machine with your own hands, you will need three stepping motors. Since there are only two of them in the matrix printer, you will need to find and disassemble another old printing device.

It turns out a big plus if the engines you found will have five control wires: this will significantly increase the functionality of your future mini-machine. It is also important to find out the following parameters of the stepper electric motors you find: how much degrees are carried out in one step, which is the supply voltage, as well as the value of the winding resistance.

The design of the self-made milling machine with CNC is collected from nuts and studs, the dimensions of which should be pre-pick up the drawing of your equipment. To fix the shaft of the electric motor and to attach it to the stud, it is convenient to use a thick rubber winding from electric cable. Such elements of your CNC machine, like fixators, can be made in the form of a nylon sleeve in which the screw is inserted. In order to make such simple structural elements, you will need a normal file and drill.

Electronic equipment filling

Manage your CNC Machine made with your own hands, will be software, and it must be properly pick up. Choosing such a provision (it can be written independently), it is important to pay attention to that it is workable and allowed the machine to implement all its functionality. This software must contain drivers for controllers that will be installed on your milling mini machine.

IN homemade machine CNC is obligatory to port LPT, through which electronic system Control and connect to the machine. It is very important that such a connection is carried out through the steady electric motors.

Choosing electronic components for your machine made with your own hands, it is important to pay attention to their quality, since it is from this that the accuracy of technological operations will depend on it, which will be performed on it. After installing and connecting all electronic components, the CNC system needs to download the necessary software and drivers. Only then follows the trial launch of the machine, checking the correctness of its work under the control of downloaded programs, identifying deficiencies and their operational elimination.

Now just more about the main assembly.

So, the following components will be required to assemble the frame:

Cut profile 2020 (two longitudinal, 5 transverse, 2 vertical parts)
Profile corners 16 pcs
T-nuts m3 or m4 for groove-6mm
Screws for installation with T-nuts (m3 or m4, respectively, 8 ... 10 mm, plus M3x12 for fastening engines)
Strut (corner under 45 °)
Tool (screwdriver)

Once the conversation about the profile, then just in case, duplicate about the purchase and cutting of the profile at the gathering

This is structural.
I bought immediately sliced \u200b\u200bin the size of the profile set for 2418.
There are two options - profile without coating (cheaper) and coated (anodized). The difference in the cost is small, I recommend with a coating, especially if used as guides for rollers.

Select the desired type of profile 2020, then enter "cut in size". Otherwise, you can buy one segment (whip) 4 meters. When calculating, keep in mind that the cost of one cut is different, depending on the profile. And that the cut is laid 4 mm.

Enter the sizes of segments. I made the machine 2418 a little more, these are seven segments of 260 mm and two vertical 300 mm. Vertical can be done smaller. If the machine is needed longer, then two longitudinal segments are more, for example, 350 mm, transverse also 260 mm (5 pcs).

I confirm (I must definitely add to the cutting card)

Checking the basket

The profile is obtained by 667r with the cutting service.

Delivery is carried out by TC, it is possible to calculate the cost by calculator, as the profile size is known to you, the weight is very well considered in the cutting map. For calculation, the option "Supplier's charges" is needed. Delivery business lines will cost cheaper, about 1000 rubles.

You can pick up by pickup in Moscow.

In one place office, warehouse and workshop, where they cut a profile in size. There is a showcase with samples, you can pick up a profile on the spot.

So, we start collecting the frame desktop 2418.
Here is a cut profile.

In this design, I increased the axis Z (a little more by a couple of cm than others) to use the machine as a CNC florider.
In the original axis Z is the shortest. These are already deciding under your goals. To lengthen the working field, you need to buy two profile segments (longitudinal steam) larger on the desired length (for example, + 10 cm), respectively, the guides are extended (+11 cm with a pair of 8 mm of shafts) and the screw (+10 cm screw T8). For money, it turns out completely cheaply voiced +10 cm: the cost of 10 + 10 cm profile about 40 rubles, guides and the screw will be connected in a plus $ 6 (check).

Here are the cooked corners

This way should be installed T-nuts in the slot. You can not be traded from the end, but to install directly into the profile groove sideways, but then control the rotation and installation of the nut, since it does not always happen, you need some skill.

Clean profile, burrs no

Profile-doubled, that is, from the 2020 series, with respectively twisted 20mm x 20 mm, grooves 6 mm.

So, first we collect a p clip of the frame, the two longitudinal parts of the profile and one extreme crossbar. Much from which side is not to collect, but consider that there is a central transverse crossbar, which is shifted closer to the rear. It is part of the vertical plane, and the displacement size depends on the departure of the z axis and the spindle. Placed in such a way that the axis of rotation of the spindle was in the center of the machine (Y axis).
Next, we collect the middle cross. It is more convenient to first install both corners on the profile segment and fix and then install to the frame.
Apply the profile segment, measure the same range of the line, tighten the screws. Screws need to be tightened leisurely, give the time T-nut to check and take their position in the groove. If it does not work first time, weaken the nut and repeat again.

We establish the last part of the horizontal frame. It is more convenient to be subject to a long screwdriver. Do not be lazy and control the straight corners of the resulting design by the coated and the diagonal - line.

Since the corners of the design are directed towards each other, it is not fundamentally in what order to collect. I did like in base design CNC2418. But intuition suggests that the distance between profiles makes sense to increase, especially with a greater height of the portal. Well, it can be done later.

Next, we start collecting the mount of the vertical portal

The assembled portal is installed on the horizontal part, secure with 6 corners (installed in the direction of three sides from the vertical profile).

We establish, we observe the campaignness of segments (by the coal). Then in turn dragged all the screws.

In the original to strengthen the vertical, a special extrusion corner is used under 45 °. I could not find a similar on sale, replaced 3D print. The link to the model is at the end of the topic.
Update.: It turned out in the original 3d printed too.
If you can replace it with perforated fasteners from shops or furniture corners. It will not affect quality.

The design turned out at first glance durable, not shaky. It can be seen that the engine plate is shorter than the bundle of KP08 + SK8 calipers. I will dismiss sewn.

In fact, this frame is a copy of such a CNC2418 machine design, except that I did not directly copy the dimensions, made a little more in order to smallest cutters from guide and screws.

The frame assembly is completed, now you can do the installation of the engines. I use 3D printed flanges to install engines. Top is advisable to make assembled with guide holders, bottom - without holders, as the Y axis should be wider. The Y axis is advisable to install SK8 and KP08 calipers, as in the original machine. The calipers themselves can be printed on the printer or buy (links at the end of the topic, and were also in the first post).

For one of the axes (X and Y axis, I have the same length) took the "target". I have not yet knew my "Wishlist" on the size of the machine. As a result, trimming from the screw will go to the z axis, you will only need to buy a brass T8 nut.

Packed was in cardboard packaging, every detail in the package separately

The kit looks like this: the engine with a short wire, the chassis screw T8, two calipers KP08 and two clutches 5x8.

There is a similar and, as well as without an engine on (with calipers and nut).
If you take without a big stock, then the option is 400 mm, it will go well for the "enlarged version" of the machine

Additional information - photo set separately

Engine marking RB STEP MOTOR 42SHDC3025-24B-500, LED location NEMA17

Included a short wire for connecting. Conveniently, you can simply increase the length, not touching the connectors.

Screw T8, Nut

Caliopers kr08.

It is convenient to mount on the profile. If a wide flange is used for installation - it is better to use the KFL08 caliper version, it allows you to mount the screw not to the profile, but on the flange.

The clutch 5x8 is a split clutch for connecting the engine shaft to the screw.

That's how the engine is attached in the original on the X axis on a small aluminum plate.

Made the same thing, only with the printed plate. At the same time will be a caliper for the guides.

The excess screw length has already cut off for the Z axis (z axis during the process, the information will be separately, most likely 3D printed).

With high probability, you will need to lengthen the wires of the engines in order to carefully lay it on the profile in the upper part to the electronics board (most likely there will be CNC SHIELD). Yes, and it would not hurt to establish the terminats of extremes.
The main information on the assembly is already available, you can proceed to estimate costs))))

Calculation
Now, according to requests in the comments in the first part, I propose to discuss cost-calculation. Naturally, I spent less than the specified, since the engines and most of the components were in stock. Strong cheaperit will be if you use homemade printed corners for profile, calipers, flanges and so on. To work the machine in drilling printed circuit board and in milling soft materials It is unlikely to affect. Another good option is the use of perforated plates from construction / hozmags. It will go to enhance the angles, including vertical and for installing the engine, provided that the central part is drilled under the shaft. You can use self-made aluminum sheet or plywood to the perforated fastener.
Definitely need to be purchased profile 2020.Otherwise it will be a machine of a completely different type. Can also be made of aluminum corner or rectangular pipeBut only from love for art))) There are more optimal constructions in terms of hardness for assembling from angle / pipe.
Unambiguously need a profile T-Naiki. You can buy T-bolts, but T-nuts are more universal (since the length of the screw can be applied any).
But the rest can be changed at its discretion, you can even instead of the running screw T8. use stud.from stainless steel. Is that the number of steps on MM to recalculate will be in the firmware.
Enginescan be removed from old devices / office equipment and plan planting Already under a specific type.
Electronicsalmost any (Anduino Uno / Anduino Nano, CNCSHIELD, MEGA R3 + RAMPS, A4988 / DRV8825 drivers, you can use the Mach3 adapter board and TB6600 drivers. But the choice of electronics limits the software used.
For drilling, you can use any enginedC, which allows you to install a collet cartridge and has decent revisions. In the baseline, there is a high-budged engine 775. For milling, it is possible to use watt spindles by 300 with Cangua ER11, but it greatly appreciates the machine as a whole.

Approximate cost calculation:
Profile 2020 (2.5 meters) \u003d 667r
Profile 2080 (0.5 meters) on the desktop \u003d 485 p
Two 300 mm 2x $ 25
. Lot on 20 pcs is $ 5.5 with delivery
Approximately 4r / piece if you take a big package. You need at least 50 pcs (mounting engines, calipers). I do not consider the screws to them, usually a few kopecks / thing depending on the quality. Total about 400 ... 500r.
Engines 3 pcs $ 8.25 each
Electronics $ 2.
$3.5
A4988 three pieces for $ 1

The machine comes out about $ 111. If you add spindle:
$9
$7.78,
that the total cost is about $ 128

3D printed parts do not appreciate. It is possible to replace with perforated plates / corners from the fasciner and similar stores. Wires, isolate, time spent also not evaluate.
Let me remind you that not in all options for the CNC2418 packages there are such good 775 engines and, moreover, Tsang ER11.

Options cheaper.

And so, as part of this article, the instructions, I want, what would you, together with the author of the project, 21 years old mechanic and designer, made their own. The narrative will be carried away from the first person, but know that to greatly unfortunately, I share not with my experience, but only freely retell the author of this project.

This article will have enough drawings, Notes to them are made in English, but I am sure that the real tech will understand everything without unnecessary words. For the convenience of perception, I will deal with the narrative on the "steps".

Preface from the author

Already at 12, I dreamed of building a car that will be able to create various things. The car, which will give me the opportunity to make any item homemade. Two years later, I came across the phrase CNCor if we talk more precisely, then on the phrase "CNC milling machine". After I learned that there are people able to make such a machine on their own for their needs, in their own garageI realized that I could also do it too. I must do it! Within three months I tried to collect suitable details, but did not move from the spot. Therefore, my obsession gradually faded.

In August 2013, the idea to build a CNC milling machine again captured me. I just graduated from the undergraduate of the University of Industrial Design, so I was quite confident in my capabilities. Now I clearly understood the difference between me today's and five years ago. I learned to work with the metal, mastered the technique of work on the handwritten metalworking machines, but the most important thing I learned to apply tools for development. I hope that this instruction will inspire you to create your CNC machine!

Step 1: Design and CAD Model

It all starts with thoughtful design. I made a few sketches to better feel the size and shape of the future machine. After that, I created a CAD model using SolidWorks. After I simulated all the details and machine nodes, I prepared technical drawings. I used these drawings for the manufacture of parts on handwritten metalworking machines: and.

I admit honestly, I love good convenient tools. That is why I tried to make so that operations maintenance And the adjustment of the machine was carried out as simple as possible. Bearings I placed in special blocks in order to be able to fast replacement. Guides are available for service, so my car will always be clean at the end of work.

Files for download "Step 1"

dimensions

Step 2: Stanna

The bed provides the machine to the need hardness. A mobile portal will be installed on it, stepper motors, z axis and spindle, and later the work surface. To create a carrier frame, I used two aluminum profile Maytec with a cross section of 40x80 mm and two aluminum end plates with a thickness of 10 mm. All elements I connected to aluminum corners. To enhance the design inside the main frame, I made an extra square frame from the profiles of a smaller cross section.

In order to further avoid dust from entering guides, I installed aluminum protective corners. The corner is mounted using T-shaped nuts, which are installed in one of the grooves of the profile.

Bearing blocks are installed on both end plates to install the drive screw.

Carrier frame assembly

Corners to protect guides

Files for download "Step 2"

Drawings of the main elements of the bed

Step 3: Portal

The movable portal is the executive body of your machine, it moves along the X axis and carries the milling spindle and the Caliper of the Z axis. The higher the portal, the thicker the workpiece you can process. However, high portal is less resistant to loads that occur during processing. High side portal racks perform the role of levers relative to linear rolling bearings.

The main task I planned to solve on your CNC milling machine is processing aluminum details. Since the maximum thickness of the aluminum blanks of 60 mm suitable for me, I decided to make the portal clearance (distance from working surface to top transverse beam) Equally 125 mm. In SolidWorks, I converted all my dimensions into a model and technical drawings. Due to the complexity of the details, I processed them on the industrial processing center with CNC, this additionally allowed me to process the chamfer, which would be very difficult to do on a hand milling machine for metal.

Files for download "Step 3"

Step 4: Caliper axis Z

In the design of the Z axis, I used the front panel, which is attached to the bearing of movement along the Y axis, two plates for amplifying the node, the plate for fastening the stepper motor and the panel for installing the milling spindle. On the front panel, I installed two profile guides for which the spindle will be moved along the Z axis. Please note that the screw Z's screw does not have a counterface at the bottom.

Files for download "Step 4"

Step 5: Guides

Guides ensure the possibility of moving in all directions, provide smoothness and accuracy of movements. Any backlash in one of the directions can cause inaccuracies in the processing of your products. I chose the most expensive option - profiled hardened steel rails. This will allow designs to withstand high loads and will provide me with the accuracy of positioning. To ensure the parallelism of the guides, I used a special indicator during their installation. The maximum deviation relative to each other was no more than 0.01 mm.

Step 6: Screws and Pulleys

Screws convert rotary motion from stepper motors to linear. When designing your machine, you can choose several options for this node: a pair of screw nut or ball-screw pair (SVP). The screw-nut is usually more exposed to friction for operation, as well as less accurate relative to the SVP. If you need increased accuracy, it is definitely necessary to stop your choice on the SVP. But you need to know that the ShvP is quite expensive.

There are a lot of similar stories in the network, and I probably will surprise anyone, but maybe this article will be useful to someone. This story began at the end of 2016, when I with my friend - a partner in the development and production of testing equipment accumulated a certain amount of money. In order to just not walk the money (it's a young one), they decided to put them in the case, after which the idea of \u200b\u200bmaking a CNC machine was in mind. I already had experience in building and working with such technique, and the main area of \u200b\u200bour activity is the design and metalworking, which has accompanied the idea of \u200b\u200bthe construction of the CNC machine.

Then then started moving, which lasts to this day ...

All continued with the study of the forums dedicated to the CNC theme and choice of the basic concept of the machine design. Previously deciding with the workpieces on the future machine and its working field, the first paper sketches appeared, and later were transferred to the computer. In the medium of three dimensional modeling, the 3D compass, the machine was visualized and began to turn smaller details and nuances, which turned out to be more than we would like, some decide to this day.

One of the initial solutions was to determine the materials being processed on the machine and the size of the machine work field. As for the materials, the solution was quite simple - it is a tree, plastic, composite materials and non-ferrous metals (mostly dural). Since our production is mostly metalworking machines, it is sometimes necessary to make a machine that would handle the materials quickly by the curvilinear trajectory, and this later would have reduced the production of the details. Pushing out the selected materials, mainly supplied by the sheet packing, with standard dimensions 2.44х1.22 meters (GOST 30427-96 for plywood). The rounded these sizes came to such values: 2.5x1.5 meters, the workspace is definitely, with the exception of the height of the tool lifting, this value was chosen from the consideration the possibility of installing the vice and suggested that the billets are thicker than 200mm. At the same time, if you need to process the end of any sheet detail more than 200mm long, for this, the tool leaves for the dimensions of the machine base, and the part / billet is mounted on the end side of the base, thereby the end processing of the part can occur.

Machine design It is a collection framework from the 80th profile pipe with a wall of 4mm. On both sides of the base long, the profile rolling guides of the 25th size of the portal are fixed to which the portal is installed in the form of three cooked together profile pipe same size as the base.

The machine four-axis and each axis leads the ball-screw transmission. Two axles are located in parallel along the long side of the machine, paired software and attached to x coordinate. Accordingly, the remaining two axes are y and z coordinates.

Why exactly they stopped on the national team: initially wanted to do a purely welded design with mortgage sheets under the milling, the installation of the guides and the PCP supports, but for the milling it was not found quite a large milling and coordinate machine. I had to draw the team to the frame so that there was an opportunity to process all the details on its own with metalworking machines available. Each detail that has been exposed to electric arc welding has been rejected to remove the internal stresses. Further, all the conjugated surfaces were erected, and in the subsequent fit I had to shabby.

Arriving forward, I immediately want to say that the build and manufacturing of the frame turned out to be the most time-consuming and financially expensive event in the construction of the machine. The initial idea with a solidly welded frame in all parameters bypass the prefabricated construction, in our opinion. Although many people can disagree with me.

Immediately I want to make a reservation that aluminum machines structural profile We still do not consider here, it is rather a matter of another article.

Continuing the assembly of the machine and discussing it on the forums, many have begun to advise making inside the frame and outside diagonal steel drives to add even greater stiffness. We did not neglect this advice, but also add bias into the design the same, since the frame turned out to be sufficiently massive (about 400 kg). And at the end of the project, the perimeter widespread steel sheet, which will additionally contact the design.

Let us now move on to the mechanical question of this project. As previously said, the movement of the axis of the machine was carried out through a ball-screw pair with a diameter of 25mm and 10mm step, the rotation of which is transmitted from stepper motors with 86 and 57 flanges. Initially assumed to rotate directly the screw itself, in order to get rid of unnecessary backlats and additional gears, but without them it did not deal with the fact that straight compound The engine and screw, the last at high speeds be the beginning of unwinding, especially when the portal is in extreme positions. Given the fact that the length of the screws along the axis was almost three meters, and the screw was laid with a diameter of 25mm, and 16 mm-th screws would have enough.

This nuance was already found in the process of producing parts, and had a rapid pace to solve this problem by making a rotating nut, and not a screw that added an additional bearing unit and belt transmission into the design. Such a solution also made it well to pull the screw between the supports.

The design of the rotating nut is pretty simple. Initially, two conical ball bearings were selected, which mirrored onto the screw nut, having finished the thread from its end, to fix the bearing clips on the nut. Bearings along with the nut got up in the case, in turn, the whole design is attached at the end of the portal rack. Front SVP nuts fixed on screws transition sleeve, Subsequently, in the assembled form on the mandrel was crawled to giveness. It was put on the pulley and were pressed by two lock nuts.

Obviously, some of you will see a question about - "Why not use a gear rail as a mechanism?". The answer is quite simple: the ShvP will ensure the accuracy of positioning, a large moving force, and, accordingly, a smaller moment on the engine shaft (this is what I remembered from the go). But there are also cons - more low speed movement and if you take normal quality screws, then accordingly the price.
By the way, we took the screws and nuts of the company TBI, enough a budget optionBut the quality is appropriate, since from the 9 meters of the screw, I had to throw 3 meters, due to the inconsistency of geometric sizes, none of the nuts simply screwed down ...

As guide slip, profile rails of rail sizes 25mm, HIWIN firms were used. Under their installation, the installation grooves were erected to comply with parallelism between the guides.

SVP supports decided to make own forcesThey turned out two types: supports for rotating screws (y and z axis) and supports under non-rotating screws (x axis). Supports for rotating screws could be bought as saving due to own manufacture 4 details came out little. Another thing with supports under non-rotating screws - such supports are not found on sale.

From previously said, the axis x is driven by rotating nuts and through the belt gear transmission. Also, two other Y and Z axis decided through the belt gear, it will add more mobility in changing the transmitted torque, the aesthetics will add aesthetics in view of the installation of the engine not along the axis of the screw of the SVP, and on the side of it, without increasing the dimensions of the machine.

Now let's go smoothly to electrical partAnd let's start with the drives, stepper motors were chosen as them, of course from reasons with a lower price compared to feedback engines. On the X axis, they put two engines with the 86th flange, on the Y and Z axis along the engine with the 56th flange, only with a different maximum moment. Below I will try to present full list Purchased parts ...

The electrical circuit of the machine is quite simple, stepper motors are connected to the drivers, those in turn connect to the interface board, it is connected via a parallel LPT port with a personal computer. Drivers used 4 pieces, respectively, one thing for each of the engines. All drivers set the same, to simplify installation and connection, with a maximum current 4a and voltage 50B. As an interface board for CNC machines, it used a relatively budget option, from the domestic manufacturer, as indicated on the site the best way. But I will not confirm or refute it, the fee is simple in its application and the most important thing that it works. In its past projects, fees from Chinese manufacturers, they also work, and in their periphery differ little, from this project used by me. I noticed in all these boards, one may not substantially, but minus, you can only install up to 3-limit switches on them, but at least two such switches are required for each axis. Or did I just do not understand? If we have a 3-axis machine, respectively, we need to install the terminal switches in the zero coordinates of the machine (this is also called "home position") and in the most extreme coordinates To in the event of a failure or not the grip of the work field, the one or another axis simply did not fail (simply did not break). In my scheme, it is used: 3 endless without contact inductive sensor and Emergency button "E-stop" in the form of fungus. The strength of two pulse power sources on 48B. and 8a. Water cooled spindle by 2.2kW, respectively included through the frequency converter. Turns are installed from a personal computer, since the frequency converter is connected via the interface fee. Turns are adjusted with voltage changes (0-10 volts) at the corresponding output frequency converter.

All electrical components except engines, spindles and ended switches were mounted in an electric metal cabinet. All control of the machine is made from the personal computer, found an old PC on the motherboard forms of ATX factor. It would be better to have a little bit too much and bought a small mini-itx with an integrated processor and a video card. With not small size of the electric box, all the components with difficulty are located inside, they had to be placed closely close to each other. At the bottom of the box placed three fans of forced cooling, as the air in the ladder ladder was heavily heated. From the front side, screwed the metal lining, with holes under the power button and the emergency stop button. Also on this pad placed the panel to turn on the PC, I took it off from the housing of the old mini computer, it is a pity that he was not worked. From the rear end of the box, also fastened the lining, there were holes for connectors for connecting power 220V, stepper motors, spindle and VGA connector.

All wires from the engines, spindle, as well as the water hoses of its cooling, were laid into a flexible cable Channels of a tracked type 50mm width.

Concerning software, on the PC located in the electric box, installed Windows XP, and one of the most common programs Mach3 applied to the machine to control the machine. The program setting is carried out in accordance with the documentation on the interface fee, everything is described there quite clearly and in pictures. Why Mach3, yes, everything is therefore, there was experience in working, I heard about other programs, but they did not consider them.

Specifications:

Workspace, mm: 2700x1670x200;
The speed of moving axes, mm / min: 3000;
Spindle power, kW: 2.2;
Dimensions, mm: 2800x2070x1570;
Weight, kg: 1430.

List of parts:

Profile pipe 80x80 mm.
Metal strip 10x80mm.
ShvP TBI 2510, 9 meters.
ShvP Nut TBI 2510, 4 pcs.
Profile guides Hiwin HGH25-CA carriage, 12 pcs.
Rail HGH25, 10 meters.
Stepper motors:
NEMA34-8801: 3 pcs.
NEMA 23_2430: 1pc.
BLA-25-5M-15-A-N14 pulley: 4 pcs.
BLA-40-T5-20-A-N 19 pulley: 2 pcs.
Pulley BLA-30-T5-20-A-N14: 2 pcs.

Feedback Interface Stepmaster V2.5: 1 pc.
Driver stepping motor DM542: 4pcs. (China)
Pulse power supply 48V, 8A: 2pcs. (China)
Frequency converter by 2.2 kW. (China)
Spindle by 2.2 kW. (China)

The main details and components like listed if something did not turn on, then write in the comment, add.

Experience in the machine: Ultimately, after almost a year and a half, we still launched the machine. First, the accuracy of the positioning of the axes and their maximum speed were determined. According to more experienced colleagues, the maximum speed in 3m / min is not high and should be three times higher (for wood processing, plywood, etc.). At the speed that we have reached, the portal and other axes overlooking them with their hands (with all body) almost do not stop - rushing like a tank. Began tests from the processing of plywood, the cutter goes like oil, there is no vibration, but also deepened to a maximum of 10mm per pass. Although after carrying steel to smaller depth.

By playing with a tree and plastic, they decided to bother durally, here I was delighted, although I broke first a few cutters with a diameter of 2 mm, while the cutting modes were selected. Durally cuts very confidently, and it turns out a fairly pure slice, along the treated edge.

Stal so far did not try, but I think that at least the machine will pull the machine, and for milling the spindle is weak, it's a pity to kill it.

And the rest of the machine perfectly copes with the tasks set before him.

Conclusion, opinion on the work done: The work is done not small, we eventually have tried pretty, because no one has canceled the main work. Yes, and no money is not invested, I will not say the exact amount, but it is about 400t.r. In addition to the cost of a complete set, the main part of the costs and most of the forces went to the manufacture of the base. Wow, how we were going with him. And otherwise everything was done as the funds, time and finished parts are received to continue the assembly.

The machine turned out to be well workable, rather tough, massive and high-quality. Supporting good positioning accuracy. When measuring the square of durally, dimensions of 40x40, the accuracy turned out + - 0.05mm. The accuracy of processing more overall parts was not measured.

What's next…: There are still enough work on the machine, in the form of closing dust - the protection of guides and the SVP, the machine's casing around the perimeter and the installation of overlaps in the middle of the base, which will form 4 large shelves, under the cooling volume of the spindle, storage of the tool and snap. One of the quarters of the foundation wanted to equip the fourth axis. Also required on the spindle to install a cyclone for removal and collecting chips about dust, especially if we treat a tree or textolitol, from them the dust flies everywhere and deposited everywhere.

As for the further fate of the machine, then everything is not definitely, since I had a territorial question (I moved to another city), and the machine is now practicing almost no one. And the above plans are not a fact that will come true. No one two years ago and could not be assumed. Add Tags