I washed down the timber in a warm corner. Joining timber in corners and straight walls. Corner connections with remainder

An increasing number of people who decide to build their own home prefer natural materials - in particular, the construction of houses and other outbuildings from timber.

The most popular in modern construction is ordinary or profiled timber - it is much more convenient to work with, has a standard section and does not require special adjustment. Houses built of profiled wooden beams are no different from felled houses made of round logs - the corners of the beams are attached according to the same principle.

The main condition for the strength and durability of such buildings is still the correct corner connection of the timber when lifting the walls of the building.

There are two main types of log frame corners:

"No residue"
"With the remainder".

They differ in connection methods, strength and economy.

When starting construction, you should decide what kind of building it will be, what load the foundation and walls will have to bear, and, accordingly, which connection of the timber in the corners should be chosen in each case.

The main requirements for corner joints in a timber frame

Considering that correctly set angles are a guarantee of the strength and reliability of the entire structure, corresponding requirements are imposed on them. This:

Reliability of fastening. The corner of the house, no matter how it is made, should not be composed of lumber with crevices and splits. Wood for construction must be taken with a drying level of up to 20%, which ensures its ability to withstand deformations and environmental changes without damaging the structure.
Air tightness. The absence of gaps, allowing drafts to enter the home, is the main requirement for the corner joints of the tree.

No residue corner joints

The main advantage of this method of raising corners is its cost effectiveness. The erection of a log house with corners without residue requires significantly less material, since the ends of the wooden parts do not protrude beyond the borders of the corners of the log house.

There are many ways to create corners without residue. There are four main ones:

"In the joint";
Half-tree connection;
With a root spine;
Fastening using dowels.

The method of laying the corners without a remainder is also called "in the paw" fastening.

In the joint

The simplest of the types of fastening "in the paw" is the connection of wooden parts "in butt".

This type of fastening does not require additional processing of lumber. The logs are stacked with their ends to each other and fastened together with auxiliary fasteners. Spiked plates, nails, corners or staples are used as fasteners.

T-shaped corners are reinforced with metal corners - this significantly reduces the construction time. However, in this case, the required tightness of the corners can be achieved only with a perfectly flat bar without geometric flaws.

Fastening "in the joint" does not have the necessary reliability for capital buildings. It does not provide maximum structural strength and tightness. Therefore, you should not use it in the construction of a residential building - this type of fastening of wooden corner parts is more suitable for outbuildings.

Root spine

The joint with the root spike, or "warm corner", prevents the walls from moving and the penetration of drafts into the room.

With this method, the forest is prepared in advance in a special way:

On one of the beams to be connected, the edge is cut so that a spike is formed, equal in length to 1/3 of its thickness. The thorn should be rectangular with a slight extension towards the outer edge.
A corresponding groove is cut on the transverse beam with small gaps for free entry of the thorn of one log into the groove of another. The slots between the groove and the spike are sealed with insulation materials.
After the spike is inserted into the groove, the wooden parts should be reinforced with dowels.

On dowels

The corners of the log house on the dowels are an improved version of "butt-joint" fastening.

In this case, a recess is cut out at the end of one mating bar and on the corresponding surface of the other; when they are connected to a corner, a common groove is formed into which the key is inserted. This method can impart strength and tightness to the structure in only one direction.

To ensure maximum bond strength and tightness in both directions, the key is made in a dovetail shape, where the middle is narrower than the flared edge edges. The grooves in the beams are cut in the same way. Quite a complex method that requires scrupulousness and accuracy in the preparation of the grooves and the manufacture of the key.

"Half-tree"

Fastening "half-tree" also requires additional processing of the mating parts of the tree.

The ends of both mating parts are sawn down to half the thickness, providing the necessary joint density. Additionally, the logs are secured to each other with dowels. In this case, it is imperative to insulate the formed grooves with tow or other construction sealant.

Corners "with remainder"

The main disadvantage of fixing "with the remainder" in a wooden frame is the increased consumption of wood.

The advantages of such angles include:

High tightness of the joints, preventing the penetration of air from the outside into the structure.
Structures cut from wood into corners "with the remainder" are characterized by high bond strength and can withstand even moderate earthquakes.

Fastening when laying in a corner "with the rest"

The most common way when laying corners "with the rest" is the corner joining of the beams "into the bowl".

To do this, recesses are cut at the ends of the beams, allowing the transverse logs to be stacked quite tightly on top of each other, crown by crown, forming a lock. This technology is easy to implement and reliable to operate. Due to the ease of connection, it is widely used for fixing profiled beams.

A - a simple bowl in half a tree B - in "fat tail" C - in "okhryap"

Locking grooves for this type of fastening can be made in three types:

One line
Bilateral
Quadrilateral

Single line grooves

In the upper part of each of the corner beams, a perpendicular notch (flash) is made, equal in width to the cross-section of the perpendicular log. In this case, the wooden parts are stacked in the corner one by one, bowl upwards. In this way, they are laid in a kind of castle.

Double-sided slot lock

In this case, cuts are made in the upper and lower planes of the beams to a depth of about ¼ of their height. This is a very high quality lock, but its preparation requires scrupulousness in the work of a carpenter in order to avoid cracks and chips of wood when preparing or laying it.

Four-way slot lock

For a four-sided slot lock, the cuts are made from all four sides. This greatly increases the reliability of fastening and the density of packing the crowns together. However, the preparation of building wood material in this way requires precision and accuracy.

So, we got acquainted with the main types of corner joints of a bar in wooden log cabins. Taking into account the features, advantages and disadvantages of each type, you can easily choose exactly that mounting option that is acceptable for your building - be it a bathhouse, a residential building or an outbuilding. Having the necessary knowledge and a little experience, you can safely proceed to the construction of your future building. Good luck to you!

In wooden housing construction, there are several ways of cutting corners: cutting in half a tree, in a warm corner, in a dovetail, on rectangular dowels, etc. these corners are cut directly at the construction site of the house.

There are also such angles as: a single-line locking groove (in "oblo") and a four-sided locking groove, this type of cutting is performed on machines in the factory. We will describe in more detail about other types of felling the corners of houses and log cabins in the following articles.

We are interested in the most popular and widespread type of sawing (cutting) the corners of houses from a bar, this into the so-called "warm corner" or, in other words, into a thorn-groove. Such an assembly of a log house is ideal for houses and baths from a bar, in particular from a profiled bar.

Chopping into a warm corner

The technology of felling into a warm corner is quite simple: in one bar they make a groove in another bar with a spike of the same size and tightly join the walls of the bars, crown by crown. The corner of the house turns out to be completely windproof, reliable, which is why it got its name warm.

The step-by-step how the felling takes place in the "warm corner" can be seen in the photographs below.

Marked with a gash groove

Please note that according to the technology of sawing a thorn or a groove of the corner walls, they alternate on even and odd crowns. How this happens can be seen in the drawing:

All corners of a house or a bathhouse are sawn at the construction site directly during the assembly of the log house. One of the varieties of the warm corner, the so-called "dovetail"

All lumber is produced from sawmills of a standard six-meter length. But, most often, houses have dimensions larger than 6 × 6 m, and in this case the timber must be joined together.

There are two types of timber joints: joint in the floor of the tree and in the thorn-groove.

way of joining in the floor of a tree

ways of joining timber into a thorn-groove

Also a kind of bar connections

Installation of a bay window (joint of a bay window from a bar)

Log house wall corner of the house

[Log house wall corner of the house (corner in the thorn-groove)]

Log house walls corner of the house (corner in the thorn-groove)

Photo corner in a log house from a profiled bar

[inner corner of the log house]

inner corner of a log frame

The joint of partitions into the main walls (washed down)

[I washed the partitions into the walls of the log house]

I washed down the partitions into the walls of the log house

Logs from a bar 150x100 are cut thoroughly into the harness (base of the house)

[I sank a log into the base of a wooden house]

Saw a log into the base of a wooden house

Wooden dowels when assembling the crowns of a house or a bath from a bar

[Wooden dowels when assembling a log house from a bar]

Wooden dowels when assembling a log house from a bar

Swarms (casing bars) in window and door openings. A method of dealing with shrinkage at home. More about log shrinkage

[Shrinkage control at home]

Home sowing to combat shrinkage

Profiled timber as the main building material for the main walls of houses, baths, log cabins and cottages.

[Profiled timber is the main material of the main walls of the house]

Profiled timber is the main material of the main walls of the house

Installation of timber partitions photo (top view)

[Installation of bar partitions (top view)]

Installation of bar partitions (top view)

Shrinkage compensators are screw shrinkage supports, sliding rafter supports, etc. See more about shrinkage compensators.

[Shrinkage compensators in a log house]

Shrinkage compensators in a log house

There are several different ways to connect a profiled bar. One of the most difficult and at the same time reliable is the corner connection of the "warm corner" profiled bar. Despite the difficulties associated with it, experts characterize the "warm corner" as an effective and heat-intensive connection, and that is why it is most common in the construction of wooden houses.

The following technologies for creating corner joints are known:

"Into the paw."
"Warm corner".
"Butt".
"Into the bowl" and others.

Corner connection "warm corner" has several varieties, namely:

Root spike connection.
Keyed connection.
"Dovetail".

In the article, we will talk about the connection of a warm corner, as the most optimal technology in our opinion. The trick of such a connection is hidden in the fact that a vertical spike is cut out in one of the joining bars, and a groove is made in the other to the size of the spike. During the assembly process, they interlock with each other. Due to this, a lock with a hidden spike is formed at the junction.

The connection is made in the following order:

First, markings are applied to the timber using a square for facing, and the timber is cut off. Using a tape measure, the desired length is measured and a horizontal line is drawn on the upper side of the bar, from which verticals are drawn on the sides. Next, using a square or a pre-made stencil, the position of the spike is drawn.

Now you can cut it out.

In the same way, a groove is marked and cut out. In its simplest form, the tongue and groove are rectangular. It is important that the connection is tight, there should be no gaps in it. And a more airtight structure will be made by the insulation inserted into the groove.

After completing the assembly of the crown, the bars are fixed with a dowel. When laying the next crowns, the operations are performed in a similar order, but it is important that in each subsequent crown the spike and groove alternate in a checkerboard pattern. This will make the frame more durable.

The "warm corner" corner joint of the profiled bar has a number of advantages that make it so popular:

This design does not require additional fastening, which greatly simplifies the technology and makes it more economical.
The ideal shape of the starting material makes the assembly solid and reliable.
There are no cracks in the structure through which cold can penetrate into the house.
The ends of the beams do not protrude outward, which facilitates the subsequent decoration of the house.

Of course, the implementation of such corner joints is associated with certain difficulties, since it can only be done manually. But its use in construction can significantly improve the quality of the finished log house.

The coziness and comfortable living conditions of a private house, first of all, imply long-term preservation of heat in it, which is possible only with complete tightness, sufficient thickness of the walls of the structure and high-quality insulation. If everything is more or less clear with the thermal insulation and the size of the material, not everyone knows how to achieve the absence of gaps and cracks through which cold and drafts can penetrate into the dwelling. The warm corner, which means the tight joining of the rims of the timber, is the technology that allows you to maintain the necessary heat as much as possible.

What it is?

Warm corner is a special method of corner connection by means of a tenon and groove system. If the parameters are correctly observed, the corner turns out to be airtight, and there are no "cold bridges" observed in it. Of course, the wood is filed in such a way that all the parts fit snugly together. To this is added the pressure of the crowns, and as a result, the structure becomes more stable and reliable. Based on this, the main requirements for creating a reliable seal are as follows:

during construction, the strength of the structure largely depends on the total weight of the wood and the roofing structure. We must not forget that the operation of such a building is associated with the impact on the timber of many factors: wind, temperature changes, precipitation. Changes in size are also associated with shrinkage; damp wood deforms faster. That is why it is important to build a house from natural material with a moisture content of no more than 20%;
the second condition that influences the quality of the warm corner is the optimal fit of all the ridges and grooves for a perfect connection.

Thanks to this, the log house will retain heat even in winter and will be protected from freezing and drafts.

In the future, a warm corner can be additionally insulated with such traditional materials as linen, jute, wool felt and even moss. This compensates for the volume of the timber when it swells, dries out, and prevents rotting or the development of mold.

Technology advantages

The method of such a connection, such as a warm corner, in fact, has a significant impact on various aspects of construction and operation, namely:

with high-quality assembly, the junction of the corners of the walls turns out to be so strong that you can do without mezhventsovy heaters;
a building erected using this technology is not threatened by force loads and impacts in the form of soil displacement or earthquakes, since it hardens several times;
this method excludes such unpleasant moments as corrosion, fungus, mold, the penetration of insects into the interior;
the costs of fasteners are significantly reduced, since these accessories are irrelevant for fasteners with a remainder;
beams prepared in advance with grooves and spikes cut out on them allow you to quickly assemble.

Kinds

The warm corner ennobles the external and internal appearance of the building, since its walls are devoid of irregularities and unnecessary protrusions. To make a high-quality warm corner, it is necessary to consider different methods of cutting joints, which have their own characteristics, however, they have the same fastening mechanism.

The main types of joining are joining a bar with and without a remainder, and each of them has several options.

Laying with residue

Such compounds are called "in oblo". It has two main advantages - a high level of sealing, as well as the strength of the joint without fixation. This locking system of the structure provides for different types of joints.

Unilateral the locking groove is a transverse cut in each bar, while its width corresponds to the same parameter of the bar. It is located at the top and is most often applicable to a profiled type of wood, since it ideally matches its structure. The grooves are made straight and square. In some cases, it is allowed to secure the connection with pins.
More difficult is two-way connection... For him, the timber is sawn from the upper and lower sides by 1/4 of the thickness. Double fixation makes the structure more robust, which completely eliminates displacement. An indispensable requirement is a smooth wood structure with no defects in the form of cracks and knots.
Four-way the connection is the most reliable in the sense of sealing, but it is distinguished by a more complex preparation of the beams, therefore it is used quite rarely.

No residue joints

Efficiency is the main advantage of this technology, while the end parts of the timber do not protrude from the walls. However, there are also disadvantages of such a connection - it is less durable than with other methods of joining.

There are several options for obtaining even corners of a log house.

Half a tree- this is a docking, in which the beams from one and the other walls are cut down to 50% of their thickness, after which these cuts must be fixed with dowels, because such a connection is rather weak. In this case caulking is applied later. In the paw - this is a similar method, which differs in more complex work with the preparation of the material, due to which the quality of the connection is higher and stronger.
Keyed connection, which are produced only from hard and durable wood species. They perform the function of an insert in the grooves. In fact, they are used to fasten the bars with the side and end. This joint promotes a snug fit and prevents any movement. These parts can be of any shape - oblique, longitudinal and transverse. Dovetail dowels are especially relevant. Unfortunately, it is difficult to make them on your own, because for this you need a special machine.

The simplest is considered a warm corner. butt, while sawing the timber is not necessary. The ends of the material are fixed in a checkerboard pattern using squares, brackets, clamps or metal plates with nails. Bonding takes place along the length. If wet building material is used, it is extremely difficult to avoid deformation, therefore, as a rule, in the future, careful insulation of the gaps is required. You can do the work yourself, but it is better to use a dry tree.
The most common mount is in root thorn... When all the necessary cuts are accurately calculated, and there can be quite a lot of them, since up to 5 grooves and spikes are used, then such a design is the most reliable and stable. Simultaneously with the connection, linen or jute insulation is placed in the grooves. This prevents blowing and no auxiliary protection is required.

Straight and longitudinal connections also occur in practical construction, but in most cases they represent more complex forms of fasteners that are time-consuming and expensive.

Direct docking is often carried out in a root spike or involves butt-to-butt joint of the longitudinal bar with dowels. The oblique lock, in general, is rarely used, since it is unprofitable in all respects.

Longitudinal fastening is carried out by means of dowels, usually birch, and high requirements are imposed on them - such flaws as delamination, knots are simply unacceptable, besides, wood fibers in these hardware should be located only parallel to the axis. Qualified craftsmen, of course, can carry out such work, but does it make sense when there are simpler and better types of warm corner.

When cutting a warm corner, you should take into account some of the subtleties of the process and the problems associated with it.

Since joining technology already makes the house warm, you should not leave large gaps in the corners for subsequent caulking. Their size should not exceed 0.5 cm.
Caulking the corners is possible after several years of operation. If the seams have become wider due to the shrinkage of the timber, it should be borne in mind that sometimes they can narrow (with swelling, when the humidity is increased).
Nails and pins are not used with the help of technology with the remainder, moreover, their use is a violation of the docking rules.