Ennobled fortified coast. The turn of the river washes away the suburban area. How to strengthen the coast? Concrete piles and walls

Pond on suburban area brings pleasure when its banks are securely fortified and the water surface remains clean. It is necessary to take care of the comfortable condition of the pond or other reservoir in advance. Let's make a reservation right away: hydraulic structures for this must have a certain assembly scheme and appropriate materials. How to strengthen the banks of the reservoir?

Why is it necessary to strengthen water bodies

Any artificial pond in a summer cottage during design and installation requires special measures aimed at strengthening the banks of the reservoir.

It is necessary to strengthen the banks for miniature reservoirs with a water surface area of up to 1 square meter, as well as reservoirs with a significant area of the water surface. The correct biobalance of plants and microorganisms of the fortified shores of the reservoir will exclude the possibility of turning the pond into a sour puddle. In what ways and methods can you strengthen the shore with your own hands?

A good choice building materials allows for strengthening with the use of concrete, film, polymer materials and gabion structures. Shore protection measures allow the use of the following materials:

Polymer piles

Wooden piles

The option of "strengthening" work must be carried out based on the results of hydraulic engineering surveys of soils, taking into account design features fences or structures. Let us suggest that the main conditions for the operation of bank protection are the loads on the foundation.

Ways to strengthen the banks of the reservoir

The existing bank protection technologies are intended for the construction or reconstruction of a summer cottage. The possibility of washing away the coastline with water or creeping soil makes you look for best option fortifications. The work to strengthen the coast is quite laborious, therefore expensive.

There are the following ways to strengthen the banks of reservoirs on the site:

With the use of anti-erosion mesh (cost about 650 rubles per square meter)

With the use of plants and shrubs (cost 2900 rubles per square meter)

Using a geogrid (cost 1400 rubles)

Using a fine-meshed reinforcing mesh filled with rubble (cost 2900 rubles)

Using wooden piles (cost 1700 rubles)

With the use of sheet piles and sheet piles (cost 2000 rubles)

Using gabion structures (cost 2900 rubles)

You can strengthen the shore of the reservoir yourself. For this, it is necessary to develop suitable project and select the required materials.

How to strengthen the banks of the reservoir

Strengthening the shore of the reservoir with your own hands depends on the type of coastline.

if the shore of the reservoir is gentle

When the shore of a reservoir in a summer cottage has a slope of less than 45 °, then it can be strengthened at the expense of the roots of shrubs or low trees planted in the ground. Over time, the plants of the shores of the reservoir will grow and provide fortification of the coastline.

Geogrids filled with grass seeds for the lawn or a flat modification of gabions - Reno mattresses can also help. The strengthening process will consist of the following steps: leveling the bank slope with its subsequent leveling, laying the fortifying structure and making it stable.

We spread the geotextile on the prepared soil, removing the fertile layer. The geogrid is laid and reinforced with anchors with fixation of individual modules in a checkerboard pattern.

To fasten the modules, a pneumatic stapler is used, reinforcement is produced with common anchors.

After strengthening, we make the design of the shore of the reservoir. However, for reservoirs with a significant slope angle, these methods are ineffective. Therefore, piles, sheet piles and large gabion structures are used.

if the shore of the reservoir is steep or sheer

When the shoreline of the reservoir in the area is steep and it is impractical to solve the problem using geogrids, a more powerful reinforcement using sheet piles, piles and gabions is used.

use of sheet piles and PVC sheet piles

Reinforced concrete sheet piles and PVC sheet piles have found the greatest distribution in hydraulic engineering works. Why is it attractive to use sheet piles and polymer sheet piles? These are such positive qualities:

No need for excavation, which reduces installation time

Minimizes after-sales service

Increased reliability and safety of the hydraulic structure.

However, the methods of installing sheet piles (immersion method) involve the use of special equipment for driving piles during vibration dipping and digging. Schematically, a reinforced concrete sheet pile wall with an anchor consists of a slope fastening, a monolithic cap beam and a facing slab, as well as a reinforced concrete sheet pile, drainage backfill, a reinforced concrete box and an anchor plate.

Agree that this hydraulic structure will require certain knowledge and skills, so creating such a fortification is difficult and expensive. In addition, reinforced concrete sheet piles are used in the case of transferring the degree of load in soft soil. pile foundation from wooden piles, structurally combined with the use of a grillage beam, is able to provide the necessary resistance of the coastal soil.

use of wooden piles

The scheme of using wooden piles for bank protection involves crushed stone preparation, a prefabricated pile structure with a thrust belt. For piles, preference should be given to oak and larch wood. The old and proven method of strengthening the banks using wooden piles will ensure the strength of the structure long time.

use of gabions

The use of gabion structures (box-shaped retaining walls) can be confidently called traditional way coast protection in case of violation of the land by water erosion. Therefore, gabions are used for inclined, channel, shear and wave erosion of the coastline.

The gabion structure is able to withstand significant resistance to static and dynamic loads, using reinforcing elements - gabion faces. The porosity and permeability of the gabion provide drainage of the backfill, eliminating the cost of a drainage device.

Coastal strengthening using gabion structures independently consists of the following actions:

Carry out general planning work

The folded gabion structure is laid out on a flat surface

Carry out the assembly of gabions of the required configuration and fix the side surfaces

The corners of the structure are connected in double turns with a step of 10 cm.

The assembled gabion structures are installed at the installation site

Gabions are connected to each other and fastening rods are driven into the corners of the boxes.

Fill the boxes with stones and compact the total mass

Attract the top cover and close the box using wire.

Thus, a properly assembled and installed hydraulic structure will be able to provide an adequate level of protection for the coastline.

If your home or land plot is located near the shore of a natural reservoir, or an artificial reservoir has been created on your site, you need to think about how to strengthen the shore. Water has great destructive power and, if this is not done, the coast will gradually be washed away by water and collapse. The shore management of an artificial reservoir is best done during the development of a pit or in the process of forming a bowl.

The strengthening of the banks of natural reservoirs is carried out at the time of the maximum drop in the water level - at the end of summer or autumn. Measures taken in advance will prevent destructive processes and will save your finances.

This method allows you to strengthen the banks and at the same time leave the reservoir in its natural beauty. It can be used when the water flow rate is not more than 1m/s.

Planted special plants growing in nature on the banks of rivers and lakes. Of the trees, this is black poplar or weeping willow, from shrubs - sea buckthorn, red currant, vesicle. Be sure to use sedge, reed, marsh iris, cattail and other plants whose natural habitat is near water. The coastal land is completely covered with biomats from natural fibers or ready-made turf. This method of strengthening the coast is considered the most expensive of all.

Use of natural stone

If the shores of the reservoir can slope no more than 20˚, then the shore can be strengthened with pebbles and boulders of various sizes. Such a fortification will give your shore a beautiful and unique look. The stones are laid on a supporting base - a geogrid or geotextile, this prevents the stones from sinking into the silt or sliding down the coast.

It's hard, painstaking work, but the results are worth it. The coastline looks natural and is well preserved.

Strengthening the banks with wooden piles

Another method of decorative shore improvement can be done using wooden piles. This method is used if the soil around the reservoir is not mobile or loose. For the manufacture of piles, only hardwoods are used - larch, oak or acacia.

This method can be used on the steepest banks. Installation is carried out using special equipment or manually. Such a fortification looks most harmoniously next to buildings made of natural wood.

Use of gabions

Carrying out work with the use of gabions is one of the methods of capital bank protection. Gabions are made of galvanized mesh and filled with natural stone during installation. Filled gabions are attached to the soil with anchors, they are also connected to each other in a single structure. This method of strengthening the coast is widely used in Europe and guarantees the preservation of the clarity of the coastline for many decades.

In addition, such a coast looks quite natural and is in perfect harmony with buildings lined with natural stone.

Strengthening the shore with PVC sheet pile

This method of capital bank protection is considered the fastest and most economical. It is used on steep and steep banks. Sheet piles are connected into a single protective wall during installation. Their installation is carried out using special hydraulic equipment. Between themselves, the piles are securely fastened with longitudinal ribs.

Capital methods of strengthening the banks reduce to a minimum the probability of their destruction for many years.

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How to strengthen the banks of the pond in the country with your own hands

An artificial reservoir pleasantly diversifies the landscape, but if mistakes were made during construction, then the banks will begin to crumble after a while. The soil "slips", the pond silts up, a film is visible along the edges, which is lined with a reservoir, or an ugly concrete base. It is better to immediately strengthen the banks of the pond in the country in order to decorate them without fear of erosion. When choosing a method, you need to take into account the size of the reservoir, the features of use and your financial capabilities.

The most popular methods for doing work on your own

The most famous technical methods for protecting a reservoir from shedding are gabions and geogrids. Both methods are based on the use of a mesh structure that protects the walls and banks of the reservoir from shedding.

Features of geogrid installation

To strengthen the pond with your own hands with this in an easy way, you will need:

geogrid with a suitable cell size;
geotextiles for drainage;
anchors for fastening and pneumatic stapler;
shovel;
filler.

The top layer of soil is removed, drainage is laid, and a geogrid is placed on it. Separate sections are fastened together. The cells are filled with crushed stone, frost-resistant concrete, soil or other material. If plants are planted in the soil that fills the cells, then their roots will additionally strengthen the shore.

The choice of filler for grid cells is a matter of taste

Gabion structures for decoration and reinforcement

Gabions are one of the most reliable methods for strengthening banks and walls. Boxes of wire, fastened to each other, are installed along the edge of the reservoir. The corners are fixed. With the help of gabions, it is possible to build retaining structures along the coast.

Densely filled with crushed stone, exceeding the size of the openings of the cells, gabions serve not only to strengthen, but also to decorate the reservoir. The porous structure allows you not to do additional drainage. Over time, this design becomes even stronger due to the filling with soil and the growth of plants.

Gabion structures for shore decoration

Biomats and plants - care for the environment

How to strengthen the pond in the country, so as not to disturb the existing landscape, to give the pond a natural charm? The most environmentally friendly method is to strengthen the shore of the pond with the help of the root system of plants planted along the coastal zone. However, it is quite difficult to independently select specimens that will hold shedding. It will take time for the plantings to grow, but there is a risk that they will not take root. For middle lane fit:

weeping willow;
sea buckthorn;
Red currant;
sedge;
swamp iris;
cattail and other species;

Plants help make the pond a natural part of the landscape.

With the help of coconut mats, the strengthening of the pond in the country is carried out even with a large steepness of the slopes (up to 60%). The slope is leveled, natural fiber mats are laid on it with an overlap of 20 cm. They are attached to the pond film with waterproof mounting glue. Then a thin layer of soil is poured and the lawn is sown.

Look very attractive large stones and boulders with which you can lay out a fence near the water after installing a geogrid or biomat.

Making a steep coast with piles

Piles are the oldest way to strengthen reservoirs. Traditionally, piles were made of wood, but strengthening the shore of the pond with your own hands with the help of wood is not as easy as it seems at first glance. Hardwood piles look spectacular, but require special equipment to drive them. Another "minus" - over time, the tree may darken. Special impregnations help, but are not a panacea.

Wooden piles to strengthen the shore

PVC piles - modern alternative wood, these will last for decades, but their installation also requires special equipment. For a small reservoir, using the pile method is not very convenient.

The pond will retain its original appearance for a long time, if you think about strengthening it at the stage of excavation. To do this, the work should be supervised by a professional who will evaluate the steepness of the slope, the size of the reservoir, the characteristics of the soil and tell you what type of strengthening to choose.

After consulting with experts, you will learn how to strengthen the pond in the country with your own hands or, having estimated your strength, you can order all the work on a turnkey basis.

101design.ru

How to strengthen the banks of the reservoir yourself

Coastal protection belongs to the category of measures aimed at protection against floods and erosion. Bank protection works make it possible to make the soil resistant to water erosion and may well be done by hand.

Why and in what cases is shore protection carried out

As a rule, bank protection of a river or pond combines a set of works that contribute to the strengthening of the coastline and help protect the coastal line of a natural or artificial reservoir from erosion, landslides and erosion.

The destruction of the coastal slope can be caused by currents and waves, as well as erosion as a result of the negative impact of storm flows.

Erosion and subsidence of the banks often provokes shallowing and overgrowing, not only of the reservoir itself, but also of the adjacent territories. This exposes all structures and structures that are built on the territory of the coastal zone to the threat of collapse. To prevent such undesirable processes, bank protection is carried out.

Options for strengthening the shoreline of the pond and river

You can strengthen the coast in several ways and using different materials, which differ in quality characteristics, durability and cost:

reinforcing system with a flexible design, represented by gratings in the form of bases for retaining walls, which allows you to provide reliable protection for communications laid along the coast;
reinforcing system using plant components, including larch wood, which has increased resistance to soaking and decay processes;
reinforcing system with a rigid structure in the form of steel or PVC sheets, retaining walls, cemented soil or concreted stones.

Before carrying out the event, it is necessary to evaluate the scope of work and choose the best option.

Also read: Most beautiful plants for a garden pond

How to strengthen the river bank with a larch log (video)

Bank protection with gabions

Work with gabions is easy to perform and economical. The advantages of using such material are as follows:

the material is able to effectively withstand the onslaught of waves and active water flows;
has a long service life exceeding one hundred years;
low costs for arrangement and the ability to dismantle if necessary;
the finished structure is environmentally friendly and decorative attractive.

It is very easy to carry out such a design on your own, but it is advisable to adhere to the following simple installation rules:

the gabion structure must be mounted on the problem area and filled with natural stone;
the total number of gabions, as well as the method of their installation, must be calculated individually and depends on the height of the slope;
at the final stage, a protective decorative trim by filling with soil and plant seeds, which allow you to strengthen the structure.

The maximum strength of the gabion system is achieved after five years of operation. During this time, the coastline is able to become one with the surrounding landscape.

Strengthening the river shoreline with wooden piles

This method belongs to the category of fairly common methods. The cost of installation with wooden piles will directly depend on the quality and value of the wood used in the work.

The advantages of the method include the ability to perform work without special skills, the environmental friendliness of the material and quite attractive appearance designs. However, the tree has a relatively short service life, and such strengthening requires a lot of labor.

We strengthen the coast with PVC sheet pile

Even a steep bank can be strengthened with a pvc-based sheet pile. This method is considered to be the fastest and most cost-effective. Most often used on too steep or steep banks.

The execution technology consists in connecting sheet piles into a single protective wall. The installation is carried out using special hydraulic equipment, and for reliability and durability, the piles are fixed as firmly as possible by means of longitudinal ribs.

The use of natural stone

If the coastline of the reservoir has a slope of no more than 20º, then natural stone in the form of pebbles, rubble or boulders of various shapes and sizes can be used for the purpose of strengthening. Such material allows you to give the landscape of the territory an attractive and unique appearance. But looks especially expressive various sizes and coloring.

The most commonly used are pink, red, gray and dark rubble stone. Before laying, it is necessary to carry out a number of preparatory measures aimed at creating a base from geotextile, geogrid or geogrid.

The most difficult is the arrangement of the so-called "stone castle", which is a dense stacking of large boulders in a strictly designated place in accordance with the shape of the stone and its color. Such an event is carried out manually, which allows you to adjust the aesthetics of the appearance. Despite the fact that this process is very long and laborious, the result is a durable and most attractive reinforcement.

How to strengthen the coast with gabions (video)

Geogrid and reinforcing mesh

The use of a geogrid is an inexpensive and reliable option, especially if the shoreline sags. Distinctive feature method is represented by the opportunity to get a very beautiful and individual appearance of the structure, as well as a convenient, completely non-slip descent to the water and landfall.

A good visual effect is provided by filling the cells with river or sea pebbles, as well as marble chips in the form of a mosaic. Strengthening the coast with the use of a reinforcing mesh of special chain mail and tumbled or rubble stone looks no less impressive, and is also distinguished by extraordinary reliability and durability.

How to strengthen the shore with your own hands using plants

The use of various biological objects and elements of plant origin along the water's edge is one of the most troublesome and capricious ways of shore protection of both a natural pond and artificial reservoir. Plants used:

fast-growing willow easily withstands prolonged flooding;
powerful root system ash is resistant to strong gusts of wind and low temperatures, so the plant grows well in open areas;
reeds and sedge not only help to strengthen the coastline, but also prevent clogging and shallowing of the reservoir;
alder, which has shore-protecting and water-regulating properties, is of great soil protection value;
hazel is widely used for fixing slopes and beams, and fallen leaves are perfectly mineralized and enrich the soil layers;
in order to improve the structural parameters of the soil and prevent sagging, bird cherry is widely used;
ailanthus, which gives abundant root offspring, is used to protect slopes, embankments and ravines from shedding and sagging.

A good and fairly fast strengthening effect can be achieved with the cultivation of such popular coastal plants as iris, loosestrife, water mint and comb or tamarisk.

How to strengthen a steep bank

It is the sheer coastline that quite often needs timely and well-executed fortification to prevent the flooding of the adjacent territory and the sinking of soils into the water of the reservoir. Such a coastal fortification can be neatly and reliably designed not only with capital options, but also with decorative methods:

with the use of gabion-box structural systems, made on the basis of the most durable and very durable galvanized double wire twisted mesh;
when combining gabion systems with strengthening the coastal zone with larch or geogrid, the service life is more than eight decades;
the use of Renov mattresses in the form of planar gabion structures made of metal mesh with double torsion and galvanized or polymer coating;
through Siberian larch with excellent durability and natural properties, which does not allow to disturb the ecological system of the reservoir;
sheet pile partitions in the form of steel sheets, as well as reinforced concrete structures, PVC and wood with high bearing capacity.

Also read: Nozzles for fountains, or how to create water paintings

It is quite popular and in demand on the territory of our country to strengthen the coastline with cemented soils, consisting of cement M-300 or M-400, loam or loess-like sandy loam and water, thoroughly mixed and laid in wooden, metal or plastic formwork.

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Country or household plot overlooking a river, lake or pond, of course, has its own charm - beautiful view, proximity to water ... But there are also disadvantages in this - washed out and settled banks can lead to shallowing and overgrowing of the reservoir itself and the territories around it. And this in the future can even provoke the collapse of buildings that are located near the shore.

Yes, and it is not safe to be on such a shore - at any moment the ground can “float”– and then you will literally swim. To avoid such a situation, you need to think in a timely manner how to strengthen the banks of the pond in the country and another reservoir that your site overlooks.

So that the soil around a natural or artificial reservoir is stable and not subject to negative impact water erosion, undermining, landslides and floods, it is necessary to strengthen the coastline. This can be done by a specialized company, but in some cases it is possible to strengthen the banks of the pond with your own hands.

Why are the shores crumbling

The coast can be destroyed under the influence of:

The main ways to strengthen

The coastal slope is strengthened in different ways and with the help of different materials. All of them differ both in quality characteristics, and in durability, and in cost. The most commonly used are the following three types of bank protection: strengthening with gabion structures;

strengthening with wooden piles (in particular, bank protection with larch, since its wood is practically not subject to decay and soaking);
strengthening with shunts.

There are a number of methods for strengthening coastal slopes. To choose the optimal system, you need to decide how the coast can be destroyed, what process can provoke destruction, how to secure the reservoir, what method of strengthening suits the landscape, not forgetting also about the aesthetic component.

The use of gabions

Bank reinforcement with gabions- the most interesting, but expensive way. Gabions are three-dimensional structures, in fact, containers made of metal or plastic mesh. They have a number of advantages:

Gabions are easy to install yourself. First calculated required amount structures and the method of their installation is determined depending on the characteristics of the coastal slopes. Then the gabions are mounted on the desired area and filled with natural stone. In conclusion, decorative finishing of structures is carried out, which, in addition to an aesthetic role, also plays a protective and strengthening role. To do this, containers are filled with soil and plant seeds are sown in it, which prevent soil erosion. Within five years of operation, such a system reaches its maximum strength, while becoming a natural part of the landscape.

Strengthening with piles

Another common way to strengthen the banks of a pond, lake and river is wooden piles. Special skills for installing piles are not required, the cost depends solely on the type of wood that will be used in the structure. Such bank protection is environmentally friendly and attractive in appearance, but has a short service life, since wood is still not as durable as metal or plastic, and besides, without following the technology, the design may be inefficient. It is recommended to use larch or oak piles, the wood of which will last longer in water.

Similar way - strengthening the banks with larch. If an artificial pond is planned at the dacha, then the installation is carried out before filling it with water. It is more difficult if you want to strengthen the natural shore. In this case, the piles must be hammered or buried directly in the water, setting it so that the structure does not let water through, otherwise the banks will continue to erode, and the installed piles will simply float away. Therefore, unlike capital bank protection with gabions or sheet piles, this method is more decorative.

sheet piling

Another popular capital method - use of pvc sheet pile, as well as Larsen sheet piles, metal, composite. The main advantage of this method is that even a steep, steep bank can be strengthened. The advantages can also be attributed to the speed of construction of the structure. Sheet piles are connected into a protective wall and installed using special equipment, after which they are fixed with longitudinal ribs. Thanks to this, the system becomes reliable and can be operated very long time, perfectly protecting the underwater part of the coast and preventing soil from washing out.

This method of strengthening the banks could be considered ideal, if not for its appearance, which is not in harmony with the natural natural environment. However, in industrial and urban areas, bank protection with PVC sheet piles and others is the best option.

Other ways to strengthen

When shore protection with a slope of not more than 20 degrees, you can use natural stone different shapes and size:

pebbles
boulders,

The landscape, decorated with natural stone, looks very attractive and aesthetically pleasing. Rubble stone is especially effective, which has many colors - pink, red, gray, etc. Before laying the stone, it is necessary to install a base of geotextile, geogrid or geogrid. The geogrid is also used when a convenient and non-slip descent to the water is required. Since, in fact, all these materials are a grid. Their advantage is that they are hidden by the coastline, only the natural coast is visible, which can be left in this form, covered with natural stone or planted with plants.

More complex system stone castle of densely packed large boulders. This laborious way, but it justifies the cost, as the result is a very beautiful structure, and the coastline is fortified as much as possible. If you have the time and money, since all the work is done manually, then when deciding how to strengthen the banks of the pond, you should stop at this option. River and sea pebbles and marble chips that fill the cells of the geogrid also look very decorative.

Most of these methods require certain skills, so it is recommended to involve specialists in the work, or at least some of them. However, there are methods that are completely cheap and simple: strengthening the river bank with your own hands, improvised means.

For this, used tires are used, for example. They are laid on the bottom side by side, tied up, filled with sand, and a pile or stake is driven into the middle of each tire for structural stability. Next, the second row is laid - already towards the coast. The disadvantages of such a strengthening are much greater than the advantages. The advantages include the simplicity of bank protection works, for which only a shovel and a sledgehammer are needed, and to the cons:

It is also not necessary to talk about the attractive appearance of such a system.

Many landowners also use slate and even garbage- old boards, rusty iron and other things, but these methods are not worth attention, except as a short-term measure: they are short-lived, inefficient and, of course, far from aesthetic. If you are thinking about how to strengthen the bank of a river or other body of water near your dacha is cheaper, then it is better to find another option, and not turn the coastline into a garbage dump.

Biofortification

Another method of shore protection is the use of plants. It's pretty reliable eco friendly way, giving a special decorative effect to the reservoir and the site, but at the same time time-consuming and lengthy. the best trees and shrubs for these purposes are considered:

From shallowing and clogging of the pond, reeds and sedges are excellent help. In addition, they give the effect of strengthening the coast, as well as marsh iris, tamarisk, loosestrife, calamus, reed. It is better to entrust the selection of plants for the shore of the reservoir and the work on planting them to specialists.

Strengthening the coast with plants best used in conjunction with other methods. However, all of these methods of bank protection can be combined to achieve maximum results.

It is worth noting that measures to strengthen the coast should be started before the coast begins to erode. This will further prevent serious problems that can lead to dangerous consequences for the site and buildings on it. Timely installed coastal fortifications will protect your site from disasters as much as possible and at the same time add attractiveness to the landscape.

Water in a personal or suburban area is necessary. And if on your land there is not a water pipe or a well, but a real natural one, living water in a spring, stream or lake, then you can consider yourself very lucky. If nature did not take care to decorate the garden with a pond, then many gardeners organize artificial ponds and pools.

But a reservoir is not only a source of water for irrigation, coolness in the summer heat and a delight for the eyes. Water, as you know, sharpens the stone, and even the soil even more so.

Small streams, pleasing in the spring, can gradually turn into ravines. The slopes of the excavated pond gradually crumble and collapse due to the fact that they are washed away by water, constantly changing its level. Destroy the coast and the processes of the so-called frost heaving, an increase in the volume of soil due to the expansion of the water contained in it when it freezes in winter.

Whatever the origin of the reservoir, natural or artificial, it requires care, first of all, strengthening the coastline.

Strengthening the spring

Let's start with a small reservoir - a spring. If the debit of the spring is sufficient for irrigation, then you need to expand its bowl to a volume of at least a cubic meter. Otherwise, the pump will draw water too quickly. The easiest way to strengthen the edges of the bowl is by setting concrete rings suitable diameter. But you can do it much more beautifully. Depending on the availability of material and the overall design of the site best materials- wood or stone. The advantages of wood are ease of processing and low weight. Logs can be hammered as piles or made from them like a well. Traditional log house- tetrahedral, but maybe six faces that look a little more interesting. Best breed- larch. Oak and aspen are also suitable.

It is more logical to overlay a spring on a site in a mountainous area with natural stone. Preference should be given not to rounded cobblestone, but to stones of an angular shape. In this case, less cement mortar to connect stones. Ideally, it is better to do without cement at all, picking up stones in such a way that they are firmly held due to frictional forces and irregularities that engage with each other. This is a very long process, but at the same time - creative, akin to the work of a sculptor. Don't rely too much on cement. Hurrying with laying and filling all the voids with mortar, you can get a satisfying result, but after a couple of hours, the masonry will inevitably begin to collapse, as the stones will settle into the ground, and the water that has penetrated between them will break the seams in winter. The advantage of stones is that the spring bowl can be made in any shape, harmoniously fitting it into the existing landscape. Sometimes several fontanelles come out in one place and they can be arranged as a system of bowls with water flowing from one to another.

Strengthening steep banks

Strengthen the coast artificial pond or a lake given to you by nature is a more difficult task. A familiar monolithic builder may recommend that you "place the formwork, pour it and don't sweat it." Don't rush into this technology. Not only will the result be aesthetically uninteresting, but also reliability is not guaranteed. You will have to make very thick walls with powerful reinforcement and compact the concrete with vibrators, but it is very expensive. A monolithic bowl is subjected to enormous loads when the soil freezes, and if it is made according to "dacha" technologies, the question will soon arise of how to clean the pond from pieces of concrete.

Modern methods of strengthening vertical banks are based on three main technologies:

Larch piles
PVC dowels
gabions

Larch in most regions of the country is very expensive. Plastic sheet piles, according to manufacturers, can stand for 50 years at temperatures ranging from minus forty to plus forty degrees. But there are doubts about their environmental friendliness. PVC is still not a completely inert material and will gradually release toxic substances into the water, albeit in small quantities. And what to do with it after the expiration date of use ...? But gabions (grids in the form of parallelepipeds made of durable galvanized wire, filled with coarse gravel or crushed stone) showed themselves very well in strengthening slopes near mountain highways.

Gabions to strengthen steep banks

A section of a steep bank:
1. Updated shore profile
2. Gabions of rectangular structure
3. Cylindrical gabions
4. Erosion profile

Bioengineered reinforcement of shallow banks

Hopes that the shore of a freshly dug pond will gradually overgrow with grass itself are usually not justified. The process is long and not always ahead of erosion.

If the banks of the pond have a slope of less than 45 degrees, then you can try to strengthen them simply with the roots of grasses and shrubs planted directly in the ground, or better - on coconut fiber mats. While the roots grow, the mats will keep the soil from slipping, and then, they will rot, providing the soil with organic matter. Many people try to use geogrids by filling them with soil with seeds. lawn grasses. On some soils it is possible to achieve success. The shores are beautiful in appearance and pleasant to walk on, but usually they continue to erode along the water's edge, the level of which is constantly changing. In this case the best solution- again, gabions. More precisely, their flat modification is Reno mattresses. If desired, grass can also be sown on top of them.

Reno mattress

Slope of the shore
1. Reno Mattresses
2. Erosion profile
3. Updated shore profile

Andrey Udalov, amateur gardener (Krasnodar Territory)

If you plan to create a compact body of water in a suburban area or the site has access to a river or a natural pond, then sooner or later you will face the task of preserving the banks, which is explained by the tendency to shed them. This process is natural and contributes to the loss of the shape of the reservoir and its siltation. In the end, a picturesque corner can turn into a swamp.

Solution to the problem

In order to tame water element, care must be taken to ensure that the shores are fortified. If you neglect these rules, then this will provoke subsidence of the soil and its partial collapse. These processes can become dangerous for humans and their housing, as well as plants and some elements of the landscape. For this reason, experts recommend timely implementation preventive actions aimed at strengthening the coastline.

Materials used

Bank strengthening can be carried out different methods and materials. If the pond has, then for work you can use:

geogrid;
coconut mats;
Reno mattresses.

The first version of the material is one of the most effective. A geogrid is a three-dimensional structure made of polymer tapes, which are fastened into cells and arranged in a checkerboard pattern. During operation, the grating is stretched along the slope and fixed with anchors. The cells should be filled with crushed stone or soil, and then sown with plants, their roots will provide additional reinforcement.

The strengthening of the coast is quite often carried out also coconut mats. This technology is applicable to the banks of the pond, the bottom of which is made of film. The material has a characteristic dark color and is able to hide the film base when the water level drops. Among other things, the polymer structure is favorable for the germination of moisture-loving flora, which acts as a soil reinforcement and decorative design. The technology of laying mats is quite simple.

Alternative Solutions

Strengthening of the banks can be carried out with the help of special mattresses, they are made of a metal mesh, which is twisted 2 times and coated with zinc or polymer. In order for the structure to be sufficiently rigid, it is divided into sections by internal diaphragms. Sections are filled with natural stones, which allows to achieve strength monolithic construction. Over time, the characteristics of the type of permeability and strength only increase, which is explained by the germination of vegetation through the cells.

The structure of the mattresses is slatted, air and water pass through it, which makes the construction resistant to decay. Thanks to this, the service life exceeds 25 years. Coastal strengthening using this technology is usually carried out on impressive areas. The material is able to protect the shore from erosive processes and acts as the basis for retaining walls. Mattresses are flexible, so they can be shaped into the desired shape during the laying process.

Materials for strengthening steep slopes

If the shore of the pond on the territory of your site is characterized by a steep slope, then the following materials can be used to strengthen:

retaining walls;
wooden piles;
gabions.

The reservoir on the site will be securely strengthened in the shore area if retaining walls are used. Their construction is usually carried out from:

finished blocks;
stone;
wood;
bricks.

This option is able to completely change the perception of the pond and significantly expand its space. The walls are strong, they resist the subsidence of the soil and its erosion. These technologies are relevant if there is a need for vertical planning of the coastline zone. Quite often, the installation of retaining walls is carried out on foundations, which are piles or Reno lattice structures. When the soil is excessively mobile and loose, the height should not be less than one meter.

The reservoir on the site, as mentioned above, can be strengthened in the shore area with wooden piles. In practice, they are used, despite the fact that reinforced concrete products have the greatest strength. For the manufacture of wooden piles, the most durable types of wood such as larch and oak are used. The service life of such structures reaches 50 years.

If a steep bank is decorated with such trunks, then it will look very effective. When using reinforced concrete piles, you can achieve high strength of the fence, but such a system will look dull and gray. Before you strengthen the coast, you need to choose a technology. One of them is the method of use. These are massive blocks that are filled with stone materials like cobblestones or pebbles. Gabions have a mesh structure, so they are resistant to groundwater and soil mobility. The service life of gabions can reach 80 years, and their strength only increases over the years.

Strengthening river banks with plants

The river bank can also be strengthened using plants for this. They must have a sufficiently powerful branched root system that will be resistant to flooding. This method is acceptable only in cases where the speed of the river flow is not more than 1 m per second, while the waves do not exceed 0.3 m. The river bank can be strengthened with plants herbaceous species flora and shrubs, among them:

amorphous;
swamp iris;
manna;
sea buckthorn;

Aquatic vegetation is planted in the underwater zone, in this case, aquatic iris can be used. As soon as the landing has been carried out, sodding should be carried out.

Shore strengthening technology using a geogrid

To carry out the work, it is necessary to prepare the following tools and materials:

non-woven geotextile;
crushed stone;
shovel;
pneumatic stapler;
geogrid;
frost-resistant concrete;
scraper;
anchors.

The geogrid for reinforcement is one of the most effective. Work should begin with surface preparation. First you need to remove the surface soil, and then level the base and lay a non-woven geotextile, which will serve as a drainage layer. A geogrid is laid on the surface, which is stretched and fixed with staggered anchors.

The geogrid should take the shape of a rectangle. The modules are fastened together with a pneumatic stapler and anchors. The cells should be filled with soil material such as frost-resistant concrete, crushed stone or soil. If you want to make the design non-standard or please your eye, then you should fill the cells with multi-colored materials.

Technology of reinforcement with coconut mats

You can strengthen the banks of the pond with the help of mats. The material is laid from the coastline. It doesn't need to be stretched. Bottom part is placed down 0.5 m. The upper part is fixed on land with reinforcement. The mat must be fixed to the film with a water-repellent mounting adhesive. In order to fasten the joints of the surface, an overlap of 20 cm should be used. The overlap should be on the side that is not accessible for viewing.

The upper mat is covered with a plant substrate, and the one that is immersed in water should be covered with fine-grained gravel or sand. The strengthening of the coastline should be accompanied by the laying of artificial or natural stone. If this is not possible, then vegetation should be used. Flora will play the role decorative element bordering the shore.

The use of biological methods

Biological methods allow you to get a delayed result, but are among the most durable and reliable. It is possible to prevent overgrowing and silting of the pond by planting Siberian larch. Its trunks, being in water for a long time, do not show a tendency to rot, they are resistant to frost. There is no point in mentioning their strength and durability. The trunks are environmentally friendly, their presence in the water does not violate the ecosystem of the reservoir. If bank protection is carried out in this way, then additional care for larch will not be required.

Conclusion

Many landowners, arranging a pond for suburban area, are wondering when it is necessary to carry out bank protection works. Experts believe that these manipulations should be carried out at the stage of arranging the pit. If you own a natural reservoir, then preventive strengthening measures should be carried out in a short time, when there is a threat of destruction of the banks. If measures are taken in a timely manner, this will prevent destruction and save on repair measures.