A ready-made business plan for an elementary school pdf. Business plan writing plan (example)

Want to start a business but don't know where to start? Then you cannot do without a clear and thought-out action plan. In this section, you will find a proven and simple business plan that will help you build a successful business and overcome economic storms.

Business areas

Investment size

By business:

By investment size:

Foam rubber production is a lucrative business idea. The resulting raw materials are sold for the needs of the furniture market, the production of sports equipment, protective packaging, footwear and soft toys... Foam rubber is made by foaming liquid polyurethane. The material is 90% air, but it has great elasticity. This quality of the foam allows it to be used in various industries industry.

The disposable tableware business can be classified as a promising area with high level profitability. Every year, the value of demand among the population for this product is only increasing, and this trend seems to continue for a long time.

Shrimp farming is a pretty promising business idea for our country. With the right approach, even a small business can bring its owners quite big income... According to experts, the shrimp business may turn out to be profitable in the first year. The Russian consumer managed to appreciate the taste and benefits for the body of these crustaceans.

From 800,000 rub.

Manufacturing modern window systems- one of the most promising areas of modern production. But in order to start your own business, you need to be absolutely sure of the end result. Therefore, it is important to calculate each line of expenses and possible income. A competently drawn up business plan for the production of plastic windows will help in this.

From 23,400,000 rub.

The meat and poultry industry in Russia is actively developing. However, not every enterprise or farm has its own slaughterhouse in its arsenal, and the technical regulation of the Customs Union "On the safety of meat and meat products" that entered into force on May 1, 2014 establishes mandatory requirements safety to slaughter products and meat products.

"I earn too little to afford bad shoes" - for sure, at least once you have heard a similar phrase from relatives, friends or colleagues. And indeed, in addition to practical, shoes, her appearance, quality plays a huge role in our life. It is often comparable to a litmus test that determines our property, social status, aesthetic preferences, tells about the habits and lifestyle of a person.

From 403,000 RUB

Many of us have heard this phrase - anti-cafe. And what is anti-cafe? This is a cafe, only with a peculiar social bias. Antikafe is a social institution designed for pleasant pastime, creative meetings, friendly conversations in a cozy atmosphere, lectures, master classes and coworking.

From 500,000 rub.

Feed mixes for pets such as cats and dogs became popular in Russia a little over 10 years ago. Before that, feed was produced and sold for animals raised in rural areas for the production of milk, wool or for slaughter. The production of animal feed is a very lucrative business.

From 70 400 000 rub.

One of the interesting and popular production options that will remain relevant for many years is production plastic film... There are also risks in the form of a massive abandonment of these products in favor of biodegradable materials, but a complete abandonment will take many years, which means that you have several years in stock for which you can make a good profit.

Today, there are many ways to stand out from the faceless crowd. Printing on T-shirts and mugs will allow you to get an exclusive accessory that no one else will have. You can grab your attention with a bright T-shirt. A mug with an interesting print and slogan will decorate your desktop. The business of manufacturing such products pays for itself very quickly. In this article, we'll show you how to open it.

From 530,000 rub.

The rapid development of technology has led to the emergence of new types of building materials... However, despite everything, the cinder block is still very popular with developers. Houses built from this material are durable and durable.

From 1 100 000 rub.

Most of us are familiar with these disposable shoes, indispensable in clinics, kindergartens and in many enterprises. Maybe some of the readers have already had the idea to start own production shoe cover. But you don't know where to start or how risky such an undertaking would be. Let's look at these issues together.

From 360,000 rub.

The idea of ​​opening a children's thrift store is not new and has found quite successful application in many cities and countries. The kiddie shop is a great example modern business, built on a model of functioning with minimal investment. To understand this issue in more detail, you need to refer to the very concept of a thrift store.

From 184,000 rub.

Until a few years ago, electronic cigarettes were perceived as unusual gadgets that only young people were interested in. Nowadays, among vapers, there are more and more people over 30 years old who have deliberately made their choice in favor of vaping.

From 700,000 rub.

Trade is the engine of progress. It is quite difficult to conduct a business in trade, but those who were able to achieve success are incredibly happy with the result and do not want to give up at all from continuing their activities. Opening your own store or at least a stall is a great way to start in big world business. The advantage of this business is that it is understandable to the majority.

From 2,000,000 RUB

The pharmacy business is one of the most profitable ways of earning money today. The thing is that there is a very serious mark-up for many medicines - perhaps this is not very humane, but the article will not be about humanism, but, first of all, about making money. Moreover, all expensive drugs have cheap analogues that are no worse.

From 10,000,000 RUB

In the modern world, it is impossible to imagine humanity without plastic or an object made of polyethylene terephthalate material, sometimes they are called PET bottles. Faced with these objects every day, we no longer notice how we use them in everyday life. Plastic pursues us almost everywhere.

From 1,000,000 RUB

Foam production is great idea business. This material is used in many areas of life and is widely in demand in our country. The business of manufacturing such products, although it requires large investments, is justified quite quickly. The whole foam production line can be placed on small area... Polyfoam, due to its performance, will be in demand for a long time.

From 300,000 rub.

Change houses are premises for temporary residence and storage of tools. They are used by builders, installers, oilmen and representatives of other professions. Modern cabins can be used not only for temporary residence, but also as a first-aid post, security post, field office, etc. V recent times such trailers began to be replaced by block containers.

From 420,000 rub.

Today you can rent anything you want, including children's toys. Yes, and this type of business is now on the market. But the traditional rental of vehicles, especially bicycles, such as tourist, sports or ordinary children, for summer earnings will probably be relevant "for centuries."

A business plan is primarily necessary for the entrepreneur himself. Calculations allow you to find out the size of the required start-up capital and the payback time. Detailed calculations put everything in its place and make it possible to abandon a hopeless project, for example, with a payback of ten years or more, even before investing funds.

Planning the activities of an enterprise provides an opportunity to take into account all possible risks and prevent them, develop a plan "B" in advance. Without a well-thought-out and detailed business plan, you will not be able to attract investments either in a bank or from private investors.

Buy a ready-made business project or do it yourself?

If you're looking for a small business business plan, you definitely need to do it yourself. In the process of calculations and planning, the entrepreneur will be able to delve deeper into the essence of the business being opened and avoid many mistakes.

To correctly draw up a real business plan for a company, you need to have deep knowledge of tax and labor law, accounting and financial accounting, management and, of course, familiarize yourself with the market segment in which you plan to operate.

If you are just taking your first steps in entrepreneurship, do not have specialized education or practical business planning skills, use our database. It presents examples of business plans for small businesses that have been successfully implemented and proven to be successful. All projects are systematized, you just have to choose a ready-made example and based on ready-made template with the formulas already given, make your own calculations.

As for the opening of a large industrial company, the opening of which involves billions of dollars in investments, it is better to entrust the development of a production business plan to a team of specialists. How more project, the more subtleties. Well, the examples presented will help to initially assess the approximate size of investments and project prospects.

Our database contains detailed business plans with calculations for:

Opening of shops of various types, enterprises for wholesale trade;

Enterprises for the production of building materials;

Agricultural and food processing enterprises;

Enterprises in the service sector: cafes, restaurants, beauty salons, etc .;

Amusement parks;

Vending (installation of vending machines: coffee, toys, photo machines, etc.);

Mini-productions, etc .;

Online stores;

Shop opening with hand-made goods, etc .;

Social projects, etc.

Note! Our website contains typical examples of business plans with calculations and they are intended for your reference. The market, like prices, is in motion. Therefore, the figures given can only be used as a basis. Before starting the project, you need to calculate everything in detail on the basis of the given algorithm.

How to use business ideas from our database: an algorithm of actions

We study in detail an example of a business plan. We estimate the volume of investments and the payback period - if these parameters are not suitable, we are looking for another direction. If the decision is positive, go to the next item;

We analyze the local market (where we will operate). Perfect option- combine the ready-made data of industry experts (can be found on the Internet, newspapers, television business channels) and independently assess the activities of competitors' enterprises;

Marketing research: analysis of competitors' activities, current prices for similar services, calculation of market capacity, average monthly and average annual revenue, taking into account seasonal fluctuations;

Cost estimation: we are looking for suppliers of equipment and raw materials;

Determination of the legal form and tax regime, calculation of tax deductions, employee salaries.

After all the research and calculations, we should get the main figures - the size of the investment, profitability and payback period.

Typical mistakes of a novice businessman when drawing up a business plan

When calculating a business project, novice businessmen most often make a number of typical mistakes:

When determining investments, the costs of purchasing raw materials for only one month are taken into account, while it usually takes from three to six months to reach self-sufficiency;

When calculating salaries, the real number of staff is underestimated, and sick leave, tax deductions for each employee are not taken into account;

Costs for utilities: payment for electricity, water and gas supply.

Hello, dear readers of the online magazine about money "RichPro.ru"! This article will focus on how how to draw up a business plan... This publication is a direct instruction for action that will allow you to turn a raw business idea into a confident one. step by step plan to implement a clear task.

We'll consider:

• What is a business plan and what is it for;
• How to draw up a business plan correctly;
• How to structure it and write it yourself;
• Ready business plans for small business - examples and samples with calculations.

At the end of the topic, we will show the main mistakes of aspiring entrepreneurs. There will be a lot of arguments in favor of creating quality and thoughtful a business plan that will bring the realization of your idea and success affairs in the future.

Also, this article will provide examples finished works, which you can simply use, or you can take as a basis for developing your project. Ready examples submitted business plans can free download.

In addition, we will answer the most frequently asked questions and clarify why not everyone writes a business plan, if it is so necessary.

So let's start in order!

The structure of a business plan and the content of its main sections - step by step guide on its compilation

7. Conclusion + related video 🎥

For every entrepreneur who wants to develop himself and develop his business, a business plan is very important. It performs many important functions that no other person can do otherwise.

With its help, you can enlist financial support and open, develop your business much earlier than you can collect a significant amount for the business.

The majority of investors react positively to a good, well-thought-out business plan written without errors, as they see this as a way of making money quietly with all the invented and described troubles.

In addition, even before the opening of the establishment, you can see what awaits you. What risks are possible, what solution algorithms will be relevant in a given situation. This is not only favorable information for the investor, but also the necessary plan if you get into trouble on your own. In the end, if the calculation of risks turns out to be too daunting, you can redo a little, transform the general idea to reduce them.

Creating a good business plan - this is perfect solution to search for investments and develop their own algorithms for action even in the most difficult situations, which are more than enough in business.

That is why, in addition to their own efforts it is worth using "other people's brains"... A business plan implies many sections and calculations, research and knowledge, only with successful operation, with which you can achieve success.

The ideal would be to study all aspects on your own. For this, it is not enough to sit and read the relevant literature. It is worth changing the social circle, referring to courses and trainings, finding specialists for advice on certain issues... This is the only way really figure it out in the situation and dispel all your doubts and delusions.

A business plan is worth writing for many reasons, however home Is a clear algorithm of actions by which you can quickly get from point A(your current position, full of hopes and fears) to point B(in which you will already be the owner of your own successful business consistently and regularly generating income). This is the first step towards realizing dreams and confident status of the middle class.

If you still have questions, then perhaps you will find the answers to them in the video: "How to draw up a business plan (for yourself and investors)".

That's all for us. We wish you all good luck in your business! We will also be grateful for your comments on this article, share your opinions, ask questions on the topic of publication.

Not a single entrepreneurial project can do without a business plan. This document is detailed instructions opening a commercial business, where the tasks that need to be solved in order to achieve the final goal (that is, obtaining maximum profit), as well as the methods and means that the entrepreneur is going to use. Without a business plan, it is impossible neither to obtain investments in a commercial project, nor to apply to a bank for a loan for business development. However, even if an entrepreneur does not plan to attract third-party funds, he still needs a business plan - for himself.

Why is this document needed, and what is it exceptional importance? A well-written business plan, which contains verified information and verified figures, is the foundation of a commercial project. It will allow you to analyze in advance the state of the market and the severity of competition, predict possible risks and develop ways to minimize them, assess the size of the required start-up capital and the total amount of capital investments, as well as the estimated profit - in short, find out whether it is advisable to take financial risk and invest in this idea. ...

"Business idea"

The basis of any project is a business idea - what, in fact, everything is conceived for. An idea is a service or product that will bring profit to an entrepreneur. The success of a project is almost always determined the right choice ideas.

• Which idea is successful?

The success of an idea is its potential profitability. So, at each time there are directions that are initially favorable for making a profit. For example, some time ago it was fashionable to import into The Russian Federation yoghurts - this product instantly gained popularity among the population, and in proportion to this popularity the number of importing firms grew. Only a completely unlucky and incompetent entrepreneur could fail a project in this area and make the business unprofitable. Now the idea of ​​selling yoghurts will most likely not be successful: the market is already oversaturated with products. domestic production, imported goods are unlikely to be favorably received by consumers due to the high price and customs difficulties, in addition, the main players in this segment have already gained a foothold in the market and have established supply and distribution channels.

Most entrepreneurs, choosing an idea for making a profit, think in terms of the majority - they say, if this business brings income to my friend, then I will be able to organize my business. However, the more “role models” there are, the greater the level of competition and the less opportunity to dictate their prices. In mass business approximate prices are already installed, and in order to increase their competitiveness, a newcomer has to set prices below market prices in order to attract customers - which, of course, does not contribute to obtaining large profits.

Potentially highly profitable ideas now are those proposals that help an entrepreneur to occupy a free market niche - that is, to offer something that other businessmen have not yet thought of. For searching original business idea sometimes it is enough to look around and think about what consumers are missing in a certain area. So, a successful idea was the production of mops that allow you to squeeze a rag without getting your hands wet, or special lamps that cannot be dismantled without the use of special tools - this know-how has significantly reduced the number of thefts of light bulbs in the entryways.

Often original ideas you don't even need to generate it yourself - you can use new products that are successfully implemented in other countries or cities, but have not yet occupied the corresponding market niche in your region. By following this path, you will be the first to offer this know-how to consumers in your region or country, which means that you will be able to set prices for this product (service).

However, originality alone is not enough for a successful business idea. There are two objective prerequisites for a business to be successful:

1. - a potential buyer feels the need for your product, or at least understands its usefulness (for example, a person may not yet know about a certain medicine, but he realizes that something like this can cure his illness);
2. - the buyer is ready to pay for your product or service) exactly the price that you plan to ask for (for example, almost everyone wants to buy a car - however, as we know, not everyone can afford a car).

And one more note about innovative business ideas - excessive originality can only hurt profitability, since the potential audience may simply not be ready for your proposal (most consumers are conservative by nature and hardly change their habits). The least risky option is to stick to the golden mean - that is, to bring to the market already familiar goods or services, but in an improved form.

• How do you know if a given business idea is right for you?

Even a potentially successful business idea may not turn out to be so in practice if it does not suit a particular entrepreneur. So, opening a beauty salon is relatively easy - but if you do not understand the intricacies of the salon business, then your brainchild is unlikely to bring you a good profit. A business idea must necessarily be supported by the entrepreneur's experience, knowledge and, of course, opportunities. What indicators indicate that your project will be within your reach?

1. - Professionalism. You can have a specialized education in your chosen field, or you can just as well be a self-taught self-taught person. The main thing is that you have understanding. production process and others necessary knowledge in the selected area.
2. - Passion. You should like what you are going to do and offer. Moreover, you should like not only the final product, but also the process itself, because you will not be able to give all your strength to an unloved business, which means that it will be difficult to bring it to a good level. Remember the well-known proverb: "find a job that you like - and you will not have to work a single day in your life."
3. - Personal features... If you are a closed and uncommunicative person, you do not feel comfortable in the company of other people, then it will be difficult for you to negotiate. And if you, for example, are a convinced vegetarian, then it makes no sense to consider trading in semi-finished meat products - even if this business can bring a good profit, you will still be uncomfortable doing it.
4. - What you have (land, real estate, equipment, etc.). Starting any production will be much less expensive if you already have the right equipment. And if you inherited, say, a private house not far from the road, then this is a good opportunity to profit from roadside trade, because your competitors, if they are found, do not have such a good location, and this advantage can even block your inexperience.

Competition: how to become special:

As mentioned above, for the application of your entrepreneurial efforts, it is most expedient to choose those areas where competition is frivolous or absent altogether. However, in most cases, entrepreneurs in one way or another have to face competitors, and businessmen are faced with the question - how to stand out from their background? This can be done due to the following advantages:

Competitive advantages

When introducing yourself to potential consumers, try to immediately draw their attention to the benefits that distinguish your offer from similar ones, so that buyers can see what exactly you can satisfy their needs. in the best way... Do not hesitate to emphasize your merits and do not rely on the ingenuity of consumers - they are unlikely to wonder why your product (service) differs from the product (service) of your competitors in better side... Let's say, if the recipe of the bread you bake involves the enrichment of the product with vitamins and other useful substances, then be sure to convey this fact to your future buyers. You should not position your bread simply as a tasty and fresh product, because your competitors have it exactly the same - hardly anyone will sell a tasteless and expired product. But vitamins are your competitive advantage, and the buyer must definitely learn about it, therefore, advertising must be thought out accordingly.

So, we have sorted out some of the nuances preliminary preparation to writing a business plan, and now we can closely pay attention to this particular document and its main sections.

1. Title page.

The title page is the face of your business plan. This is what your potential investors or bank employees see first of all, when they decide to grant you a loan for business development. Therefore, it should be clearly structured and contain all the key information about your project:

1. - The name of the project (for example "Production of self-wringing mops" or "Creation and development of a commercial Internet radio station called" XXX ");
2. - Organizational and legal form of the project and the name of the legal entity (if there are several such persons, then a list with an indication of the areas of responsibility is required);
3. - Author and co-authors of the project
4. - Annotation to the project (for example "this document is a step-by-step plan for the establishment and development of a commercial radio station ...");
5. - Project cost (required start-up capital)
6. - Place and year of creation ("Perm, 2016").

2. Summary.

This item represents short description project ideas, terms of its implementation, the main goals and objectives for the implementation of the idea, the estimated turnover and production volumes. forecast of key indicators - project profitability, payback periods, initial investment, sales, net profit, etc.

Despite the fact that the summary is the first section of the business plan, it is drawn up after this document has already been fully written and rechecked, since the brief description covers all other sections of the BP. The resume should be concise and extremely logical and fully disclose all the advantages of the project so that investors or a potential lender can see that this business idea is really worth investing in it.

3. Market analytics

The section reflects the state of the market sector in which the project will be implemented, the assessment of the level of competition, the characteristics of the target audience and industry development trends. It is very important that the market analysis is carried out on the basis of a qualitative marketing research containing real indicators (falsified or inaccurate analysis reduces the value of a business plan to almost zero). If the entrepreneur is not competent enough in the chosen area, then in order to avoid inaccuracies and mistakes, he should outsource the marketing research by ordering it from a trusted marketing agency.

This section usually takes at least 10% of the total volume of the business plan. His approximate plan is as follows:

1. - general description the chosen industry (dynamics, trends and development prospects - with specific mathematical indicators);
2. - Characteristics of the main market players (that is, direct and indirect competitors), an indication of the competitive advantages and characteristics of your business project in comparison with other entities;
3. - Characteristics of the target audience ( geographical position, age level, gender, income level, type of consumer and user behavior, etc.). Creation of a portrait of a “typical client” with an indication of the main motives and values ​​that are guided by the latter when choosing a product (service), pessimistic forecasting (that is, the minimum flow) of consumers of a product (service);
4. - Review of the most effective channels and ways to promote goods (services);
5. - Review and identification of the most likely risks that an entrepreneur may face in this market segment and offer ways to eliminate or minimize them (it must be remembered that risks are external circumstances and factors that do not depend on the entrepreneur);
6. - Forecast of possible changes in this market segment, as well as an overview of factors that may affect the profitability of the project.

4.Characteristics of goods (services) and their implementation

This paragraph describes in detail those goods that the entrepreneur is going to produce, or those services that he is going to sell. Particular attention should be paid to the competitive advantages of a business idea, that is, what will distinguish this proposal from the general variety. However, one should not be silent about the shortcomings and weak points ah ideas, if any, it is better to play fair with investors and creditors, moreover, they can analyze this item on their own, and in the case of a one-sided description, you risk losing their trust, and with it, hope for financial investments into your idea.

A special attractiveness to the described idea will be given by the presence of a patent - if an entrepreneur offers any know-how and has already managed to patent it, then this fact must be reflected in the document. A patent is both a competitive advantage and a basis for a greater likelihood of obtaining loans or investments.

The chapter must necessarily display:

1. - a brief description of the idea;
2. - ways of its implementation;
3. - description life cycle product (service);
4. - the percentage of secondary purchases;
5. - the possibility of creating additional rulers goods or service options, the ability to segment the proposed product;
6. - the expected modification of the offer in accordance with changes in the market situation and factors affecting profit.

5. Ways to promote your business (marketing and strategic plans)

In this chapter, the entrepreneur describes exactly how he intends to inform a potential consumer about his product and how he will promote this product. Reflected here:

6. Description of the production process

The production plan is detailed description a complete algorithm for the production of a product from finding it in a raw state until the moment when the finished product appears on the shop windows. This plan includes:

1. - a description of the required raw materials and basic requirements for them, as well as the suppliers from whom you plan to purchase these raw materials;
2. - reception, processing and pre-production preparation of raw materials;
3. - actually technological process;
4. - the output of the finished product;
5. - the procedure for testing the finished product, its packaging and transfer to the warehouse and subsequent delivery to the buyer.

In addition to the actual description of the production process, this chapter should also reflect:

1. - characteristics of the equipment used, as well as the premises where the production process will be carried out - indicating all the necessary standards and requirements;
2. - a list of the main partners;
3. - the need to attract resources and borrowed funds;
4. - calendar plan business development - from the launch of production until the time when the funds invested in the project begin to pay off.

7. The structure of the enterprise. Personnel and management.

This chapter describes the internal scheme of the functioning of a business project, that is, an administrative and organizational plan. The chapter can be roughly divided into the following sub-items:

1. - organizational and legal form of the enterprise (LLC, individual entrepreneur, etc.);
2. - the internal structure of the enterprise, the distribution of responsibilities between the services, the channels of their interaction (it would be best if this subparagraph is additionally illustrated with appropriate diagrams);
3. - staffing table, a list of responsibilities of each employee, his salary, channels and criteria by which the selection of personnel will be carried out;
4. - a list of measures for the policy in the field of work with personnel (advanced training, training, personnel reserve, etc.)
5. - participation in business development activities (competitions, conferences, fairs, grants, government programs, etc.).

8. Risk assessment. Ways to minimize risks.

The purpose of this paragraph is a preliminary assessment of possible negative circumstances that will affect the achievement of the desired indicators (business income, customer traffic, etc.) - the basis for this assessment is, again, marketing research of the market. Risks are divided into external ones (for example, increased competition and the emergence of new strong players in this segment, an increase in rental rates and utility bills, natural disasters and emergencies, changes in tax legislation towards increasing rates, etc.) and internal (what can happen directly inside the enterprise - equipment breakdowns, unscrupulous employees, etc.).

If an entrepreneur has information in advance about what exactly he should be afraid of on the way of implementing and promoting his project, then he can think in advance of the ways in which he will neutralize and minimize negative factors. For each risk, a number of alternative strategies should be proposed (a kind of table of measures to be taken in case of emergency). One should not hide certain risks from investors or creditors.

Special attention should be paid to such a form of protection as insurance against various risks. If an entrepreneur plans to insure his business, then this must be mentioned - indicating the chosen insurance company, the amount of insurance premiums and other details related to the case.

9. Forecasting financial flows

Perhaps the most responsible head of a business plan. Because of its importance, you should entrust its writing to professionals if the entrepreneur himself does not have a financial and economic education. So, many startups who have creative ideas, but do not have sufficient financial literacy In this case, they resort to the services of investment companies, which later put their certification visa on the business plan - this is a kind of guarantee of reliability of settlements and will give the business plan additional weight in the eyes of investors and creditors.

The financial plan of any business project includes:

1. - balance sheet of the enterprise;
2. - calculation of expenses (fund wages employees, production costs, etc.);
3. - profit and loss statement, as well as cash flow;
4. - the size of the required external investment;
5. - calculation of profit and profitability.

The profitability of a project is a key indicator that has a decisive influence on the decision of investors about investing in a given business. Calculations on this topic cover the period from the introduction of start-up capital into the project and third-party investments until the moment when the project can be considered break-even and starts to generate net profit.

When calculating profitability, the basic formula R = D * Zconst / (D - Z) is usually used, where R is the threshold of profitability in monetary terms, D is income, Z is variable costs, and Zconst is fixed costs. However, in long-term calculations, one should also include in the calculation formula such indicators as the inflation rate, renovation costs, deductions to the investment fund, an increase in the wages of employees of the enterprise, etc. As a visualization method, again, it is advisable to use the Gantt chart, which is convenient for tracking the level of growing income and reaching the break-even point.

10 regulatory framework

All documents that are required for legal support of a business are indicated here - certificates and licenses for goods, permits for certain types of activities, acts, approvals, etc. - with a description of the conditions and terms of their receipt, as well as the cost. If any documents are already in the hands of an entrepreneur, this must be indicated, and this fact will also become an advantage in the eyes of investors.

11.Applications

At the end of the business plan, the entrepreneur provides all calculations, diagrams, graphs and others auxiliary materials, which were used to make financial forecasts, market analysis, etc., as well as all materials that visualize the points of the business plan and facilitate its perception.

"The main mistakes when drawing up a business plan"

At the end of the article, I would like to say a few words about the most common mistakes that inexperienced entrepreneurs make when drawing up business plans. So what should you avoid if you don't want to scare potential investors away from your project?

Excessive bloat and bulk. A business plan is not Homework where the large size of the written increases the chances of a good grade. The approximate size of a business plan is usually 70-100 sheets.

Complexity of presentation. If the investor reading your plan cannot understand your idea after reading two or three sheets, then there is a high probability that he will put the BP aside.

Lack of necessary explanations. Remember that an investor is not obliged to understand the area of ​​the market in which you offer him to invest money (and in most cases he really does not understand it, otherwise he would have already launched an independent business). Therefore, you need to concisely introduce the reader to the course of basic details.

Streamlined phrase-characteristics ("huge market", "great prospects", etc.). Remember: only accurate and verified information and forecasts.

Providing approximate, unverified, or knowingly false financial statements. We have already focused on this topic above, therefore - no comments.

What is a business plan for? The majority will probably answer - to get a bank loan. This statement is true, but only partially. First of all, the entrepreneur himself needs a plan in order to understand the size of the initial investment for the start, how long it will take to reach self-sufficiency and projected revenue indicators, assess the level of profitability, the payback period and many other parameters.

Very often, a novice businessman (and not only a beginner) does all planning and calculations by eye on a napkin or in his head (and sometimes does not do it at all), forgetting about many costly items, which results in many mistakes and leads to bankruptcy.

Typical mistakes: when determining investments, the costs of financing activities before reaching self-sufficiency are not taken into account, the amount of inventories is incorrectly determined (the size of inventories is set for one month, and based on the turnover period, stocks for 3 months are required), taxes and insurance deductions are not taken into account in the calculation of the payroll , the need for personnel is incorrectly calculated and many others.

A correctly drawn up business plan with detailed calculations is the key to a successful start in any entrepreneurial activity, which will allow at the stage of forecasting to cut off unfavorable options and, as a result, to protect yourself from the loss of your own investments or the funds of the investor (lender).

Suppose you are planning to install, the calculation made shows that the full payback will be 5 years, it is obvious that this will not be a completely correct investment, it is unlikely that the machine will work without breakdowns for such a period of time. (For reference: the optimal payback for this type of activity is 12-18 months.)

And what is better - to buy ready-made business plan or do it yourself? If we are talking about a small business, then we definitely need to do it ourselves. This will allow you to dive deeper into the project, understand its essence, and sort out the economics of future activities for yourself. Well, if you want to organize a production that requires multibillion-dollar investments, then you cannot do without the help of specialists.

On the site you will find samples of ready-made business models with all the calculations, which you can use as a basis for drawing up a feasibility study for your specific project.

Algorithm of actions

1. Acquaintance with the given sample of the feasibility study.
2. Collection of statistical data on a specific region where business will be carried out.
3. Marketing research:, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the project ().
4. Actualization of information on the economic side: search for potential and raw materials, inquiry commercial offers, recalculation of the cost price and determination of the final price based on the current market realities, as well as determination of the level of profitability.
5. Conducting a stress test of the numbers reflected in the calculation (what the payback will be if the revenue is N percent less than planned). Based on the data obtained, drawing up several scenarios for the development of an event: conservative, realistic and optimal.
6. carrying out economic activities.
7. Choosing the most profitable one (studying legal schemes to reduce the tax burden).

Based on the analysis and generalization of the information received, you make your own economic feasibility study of the project with the help of which you can determine the feasibility of investing funds.

Please note that you can download any business plan you like for free. If there is no download form somewhere, you can ask a question through a special form, and in a short time we will add this opportunity... Through this form, you can also clarify any moment regarding the described model, and we will try to find a specialist to provide competent advice on the moment you are interested in.