Physical and geographical position of Africa. Exploration of the mainland. World geography. Extreme points of Africa and their coordinates

Great contrasts, which the science of geography studies with interest. Africa is the hottest continent of the planet and the highest. Many tribes and nationalities live on its territory, each of which speaks its own language.

This article will focus specifically on Africa, its nature and population.

Africa: coordinates of extreme points

This is on our planet. It covers an area of ​​30 million square kilometers. Africa is connected with Eurasia by the narrow Isthmus of Suez.

8 thousand kilometers - this is the distance that the continent of Africa stretches from north to south. The coordinates of the extreme points of the continent are as follows:

• North - Cape Ras Engela (37.21 degrees north latitude).
• South - (34.51 degrees south latitude).

7.5 thousand kilometers is the distance between the western and eastern outskirts of a continent like Africa. The coordinates of the extreme points of the continent are as follows:

• Western - Cape Almadi (17.33 degrees west longitude).
• Eastern - Cape Ras Gafun (51.16 degrees east longitude).

The length of the mainland coastline is 26 thousand kilometers. This is very small for a continent of this size. The reason is that the coastline of Africa is very poorly dissected.

It should also be noted that the extreme points of Africa have other names. So, Cape Agulhas is sometimes called Cape Agulias. And Cape Ras Engela is sometimes called Cape Blanco. Therefore, in the scientific literature, you can find these toponyms.

Unique. The fact is that the equator crosses this continent almost in the middle. This fact leads to two important consequences:

1. First, the continent receives a large number of solar radiation, since it is located between the two tropics.
2. Secondly, in terms of natural features, South Africa is symmetrically (mirror-like) similar to North Africa.

Geography: Africa is the highest continent on the planet

Africa is often called the high mainland, as high landforms dominate here. These geomorphologists include plateaus, highlands and plateaus, as well as outlier mountains. It is interesting that these landforms seem to border the mainland, while the plains are located in its central part. In other words, Africa can be thought of as a shallow saucer.

The highest point of the continent is Kilimanjaro Volcano (5895 meters). It is located in Tanzania, and many tourists have an irresistible desire to conquer this peak. But the lowest point is located in the small country of Djibouti. It is with an absolute height of 157 meters (but with a minus sign).

Mineral resources of Africa

Almost all deposits have been explored in Africa known to man mineral resources. South Africa is especially rich in various minerals (these are diamonds, coal, nickel and copper ores). As a rule, foreign companies are engaged in the development of deposits.

The bowels of Africa are rich in iron ores. Many smelters in Europe and North America use ore mined here.

North Africa is known for its many oil and natural gas deposits. The countries in which they are located are very lucky - they live quite well. First of all, we note Tunisia and Algeria.

Climate and inland waters

The longest river in the world, the Nile, flows through Africa. Other major rivers on the mainland are Congo, Niger, Zambezi, Limpopo and Orange. Deep lakes formed in the tectonic faults of East Africa - Nyasa, Tanganyika and others. The state called Chad is home to the continent's largest salt lake of the same name.

Africa, as mentioned above, is the hottest continent on planet Earth. Due to its location, the surface of the continent receives a lot solar energy and gets very hot.

In Central Africa, as well as on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea, a large amount of precipitation falls. In the territories to the south and north, climatic seasons are already clearly traced - dry winter and rainy season in summer. Farther north and south, very little precipitation falls, which leads to the formation of deserts. Africa is home to the largest desert on the planet - the Sahara.

The population of the "black" continent

Africa is indeed dominated by blacks. Moreover, the conditional border that divides the Negroid and is the Sahara Desert.

Today, Africa is home to nearly one billion people. At the same time, the continent's population is growing rapidly. Scientists predict that about 2 billion people will live here by 2050.

If you look closely at the political map of Africa, you will notice one interesting detail. The fact is that the borders between many states are drawn along straight lines. This is a kind of legacy of the colonial past of Africa. Such a careless drawing of borders (without taking into account the ethnic characteristics of the regions) today leads to many conflicts between tribes and peoples.

The average population density in Africa is 30 people per square kilometer. The level of urbanization is also low here and is only 30%. However, there are enough large cities with a population of over one million. The largest of them are Cairo and Lagos.

Africa speaks a thousand languages! Swahili, Fula and Congo are considered indigenous (purely African). In many countries of the continent, the following languages ​​have the official status: English, Portuguese and French. If we talk about the religious preferences of the African population, then the majority of the inhabitants of the mainland profess Islam and Catholicism. Many Protestant churches are also widespread here.

Finally...

Africa is the hottest continent on the planet. The reason for this is the special geographic location continent.

Africa is as follows: the mainland is located between 37 degrees north latitude and 34 degrees south latitude. Thus, the equator cuts Africa almost in half, due to which its surface receives a huge amount of solar radiation.

Now you know the main natural features continent Africa, the coordinates of the extreme points of its territory.

Knowing the extreme points of Africa and their coordinates will help you better understand the features of geography different parts this so diverse and mysterious continent... Despite the fact that Europeans have been studying the continent for several centuries, it still keeps many secrets.

Extreme points of Africa and their coordinates

Each of the extreme points of the continent is located on the territory of another distinctive country. For example, the northern one is located in Tunisia at the tip of Cape Blanco, which the locals call Ben Sekka. Lovers of noteworthy natural sites will be able to get to the cape from Bizerte, the nearest town with a population of over one hundred thousand people. The coordinates of the extreme point of Africa, located at Cape Ben Sekka, are equal to 37 ° 20'49 ″ s. NS. and 9 ° 45'20 ″ in. This makes it the northernmost point of the continent.

All other extreme points of Africa and their continents are located on the territory different countries such as Somalia, South Africa and Senegal.

East Africa. Cape Ras Khafun

If it is quite easy to find yourself at the extreme point in Tunisia, then some will require incredible efforts from the traveler. For example, Cape Ras Khafun, which is considered the extreme point in eastern Africa, is located in Somalia, a state torn apart by civil war for several decades.

In this region they look like this - 10 ° 25'00 ″ s. NS. 51 ° 16'00 "in. e. On them you can find a low promontory jutting into the sea for forty kilometers. This remarkable geographical feature is located in the very north of the Republic of Somalia.

This geographic location is vulnerable as tsunamis are frequent in the Indian Ocean. Most strong consequences caused by a wave in 2004, when the fishing village, located on the headland, was completely destroyed. Today, the fishing village is home to more than two and a half thousand people, most of them belong to the Ottoman Mamud clan.

South Africa

Extreme points and their coordinates are necessary knowledge for the harmonious development of ideas about how the world works and what place this or that country occupies in it.

Occupies a significant part of the southern tip of the mainland, it is not surprising that it is on its territory that the most extreme point of Africa is located and its coordinates are 34 ° 49′43 ″ S. NS. 20 ° 00'09 ″ in. And these are not the coordinates of the Cape of Good Hope, the most famous cape on the continent. The southernmost point of the mainland is also known as Agulhas.

One of the most dangerous areas for seafarers is located in the vicinity of the cape. The fact is that an underwater sand spit stretches along the South African coast, originating in the immediate vicinity of the cape. This area is called the Bank of Agulhas.

The name of the promontory and the entire area surrounding it was given by Portuguese navigators in the fifteenth century. According to legend, the needle of the compass, which was then played by the needle, pointed strictly to the north in this place, since a magnetic anomaly was observed in the region at that time. By the nineteenth century, the direction of the anomaly had changed to the west.

Senegal. West Africa

The geographical coordinates of the extreme points of Africa are also of interest because they are often used not only by sailors, but also by desperate travelers who seek to visit the maximum number of exotic places, which, of course, include the extreme points of the continents. After all, it is from this point that you can take a photo that will remind you of a wonderful event all your life. The extreme western point is Cape Almadi, located on the territory of the Zelenyi Peninsula 34 ° 49'43 ″ S. NS. 20 ° 00′09 ″ in. etc.

The fourth extreme point of Africa and its coordinates are located on the territory of Senegal, a state located in the very west of the continent. Until recently, it was in this country that the world famous route ended, but due to political instability in many countries through which the rally route passed, the race was transferred to South America.

To summarize, we can list the following extreme points of Africa and their coordinates:

• Cape Ben Sekka in the north, 37 ° 20'28 ″ N NS. 9 ° 44′48 ″ in. etc.
• Cape Agulhas in South Africa, 34 ° 49'43.39 ″ S. NS. 20 ° 00′09.15 ″ in. etc.
• Cape Almadi in the west of the continent 14 ° 44′41 ″ N NS. 17 ° 31′13 ″ W etc.
• Cape Ras Khafun in the east of the mainland, in the Republic of Somalia with coordinates 10 ° 25'00 ″ s. NS. 51 ° 16'00 "in. etc.

Most of Africa is located in equatorial, subequatorial and tropical climatic zones, only on the northern and southern outskirts of the subtropical zone. The original meridian travels through western Africa, but lies entirely in the eastern hemisphere.

The configuration of the continent is an extended northern part (the length from west to east is 7500 km), and the southern part is almost 2 times.

Whole wash water from the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and their seas separated by Europe from the Strait of Gibraltar.

Construction in 1869 destroyed the earthly link between Africa and Eurasia. Suez Canal. The coast is a little stretched out. The Somali Peninsula and the Great Gulf of Guinea stand out. Close to Africa is the island of Madagascar and many archipelagos - Canary Islands, Cape Verde, etc.

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World geography. Extreme points of Africa and their coordinates

Knowing the extreme points of Africa and their coordinates will help you better understand the geographic features of various parts of this so diverse and mysterious continent. Despite the fact that Europeans have been studying the continent for several centuries, it still keeps many secrets.

Extreme points of Africa and their coordinates

Each of the extreme points of the continent is located on the territory of another distinctive country.

For example, the northern one is located in Tunisia at the tip of Cape Blanco, which the locals call Ben Sekka. Lovers of noteworthy natural sites will be able to get to the cape from Bizerte, the nearest town with a population of over one hundred thousand people. The coordinates of the extreme point of Africa, located at Cape Ben Sekka, are equal to 37 ° 20'49 ″ s. NS. and 9 ° 45'20 ″ in. This makes it the northernmost point of the continent.

All other extreme points of Africa and their continents are located in different countries such as Somalia, South Africa and Senegal.

East Africa.

Cape Ras Khafun

If it is quite easy to find yourself at the extreme point in Tunisia, then some will require incredible efforts from the traveler. For example, Cape Ras Khafun, which is considered the extreme point in eastern Africa, is located in Somalia, a state torn apart by civil war for several decades.

The coordinates of the extreme point of Africa in this region look like this - 10 ° 25'00 ″ s.

NS. 51 ° 16'00 "in. e. On them you can find a low promontory jutting into the sea for forty kilometers. This remarkable geographical feature is located in the very north of the Republic of Somalia.

This geographic location is vulnerable, as tsunamis often occur in the Indian Ocean. The most severe impact was caused by the wave in 2004, when the fishing village, located on the cape, was completely destroyed.

Today, the fishing village is home to more than two and a half thousand people, most of them belong to the Ottoman Mamud clan.

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South Africa

The extreme points and their coordinates are the necessary knowledge for the harmonious development of ideas about how the world works and what place this or that country occupies in it.

South Africa occupies a significant part of the southern tip of the mainland, it is not surprising that it is on its territory that the most extreme point of Africa is located and its coordinates are 34 ° 49′43 ″ S.

NS. 20 ° 00'09 ″ in. etc.

1. Calculate the coordinates - extreme points of Africa (capes), volcanoes, waterfalls. 2.

And these are not the coordinates of the Cape of Good Hope, the most famous cape on the continent. The southernmost point of the mainland is Cape Agulhas, also known as Agulhas.

One of the most dangerous areas for seafarers is located in the vicinity of the cape. The fact is that an underwater sand spit stretches along the South African coast, originating in the immediate vicinity of the cape.

This area is called the Bank of Agulhas.

The name of the promontory and the entire area surrounding it was given by Portuguese navigators in the fifteenth century. According to legend, the needle of the compass, which was then played by the needle, pointed strictly to the north in this place, since a magnetic anomaly was observed in the region at that time.

By the nineteenth century, the direction of the anomaly had changed to the west.

Senegal. West Africa

The geographical coordinates of the extreme points of Africa are also of interest because they are often used not only by sailors, but also by desperate travelers who seek to visit the maximum number of exotic places, which, of course, include the extreme points of the continents. After all, it is from this point that you can take a photo that will remind you of a wonderful event all your life.

The extreme western point is Cape Almadi, located on the territory of the Zelenyi Peninsula 34 ° 49′43 ″ S. NS. 20 ° 00'09 ″ in. etc.

The fourth extreme point of Africa and its coordinates are located on the territory of Senegal, a state located in the very west of the continent. Until recently, it was in this country that the route of the world famous Paris-Dakar rally ended, but due to political instability in many countries through which the rally route passed, the race was transferred to South America.

To summarize, we can list the following extreme points of Africa and their coordinates:

• Cape Ben Sekka in the north, 37 ° 20'28 ″ N

  NS. 9 ° 44′48 ″ in. etc.

• Cape Agulhas in South Africa, 34 ° 49'43.39 ″ S. NS. 20 ° 00′09.15 ″ in. etc.
• Cape Almadi in the west of the continent 14 ° 44′41 ″ N NS. 17 ° 31′13 ″ W etc.
• Cape Ras Khafun in the east of the mainland, in the Republic of Somalia with coordinates 10 ° 25'00 ″ s. NS. 51 ° 16'00 "in. etc.

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Cape Needle, Agulias(African Kaap Agulhas, English Cape Agulhas or Agulias from the port of Cabo das Agulhas) - the southern tip of Africa, the territory of South Africa.

It rises to 140 m. Located 155 km southeast of the Cape of Good Hope, it forms the tip of the spit that runs from the Cape land.

It ends with a lighthouse at 34 ° 51 ′ south latitude and 20 ° 00 ′ east longitude.

South of Cape Agulhas, from Cape Good Hope to Algoa Bay, there is a sandbank 840 km long, representing an underwater continuation of the southern coast, reaching 37 ° south latitude, that is, 240 km south of the coast.

At 36 ° it narrows, takes on a conical shape, towering 112-130 above the ordinary water and steeply plunging into a depth of 340-380 m. Indian Ocean to the Atlantic (Current of Cape Igolny, Cape Current), which produces the famous breakers, the cause of frequent shipwrecks.

This whole area received the name in the 15th century L'Agulhas- from Portuguese sailors, due to a magnetic anomaly observed nearby in the sea (port agulha - a needle, in this case - a magnetic compass needle) in this place pointed strictly to the north.

V late XIX century, the magnetic deflection here was western and amounted to 30 °.

education:

Africa: coordinates of the extreme points. Geography of Africa

It is perhaps the most mysterious continent, a country with great contrasts that explores from a geographic point of view.

Africa is the hottest continent on the planet and the highest. There are many tribes and nationalities on its territory, each of which speaks its own language.

This article will be specifically about Africa, its nature and its people.

Africa: coordinates of extreme points

It is the second largest continent on our planet. It covers an area of ​​30 million square kilometers. Africa is connected with Eurasia with the narrow Isthmus of Suez.

8 thousand kilometers - at such a distance Africa spread from north to south.

• North - Cape Ras Engel (37.21 degrees north latitude).
• South - Cape Agulhas (34.51 degrees South. Latitude).

7.5 thousand km - the distance between the western and eastern outskirts of a continent like Africa.

The coordinates of the extreme points of the continent are as follows:

• West - Cape Almadi (17.33 degrees west).
• Eastern - Cape Ras Gafun (length 51.16 degrees east length).

The coast of the continent is 26 thousand kilometers. This is very small for all this size. The reason is that the coast of Africa is very fragmented.

It should also be noted that extreme points in Africa have different names.

Thus, Cape Agulhas is sometimes called Cape Agulhas. Cape Ras Engel is sometimes called Cape Blanco. This is why you can find these place names in the scientific literature.

The geographical location of Africa is unique.

The fact is that the equator crosses this continent almost in the middle. This fact has two important consequences:

1. First, the continent receives a lot of solar radiation, since it is located between the two tropics.
2. Second, in terms of natural characteristics, South Africa is symmetrical (mirror image) similar to North Africa.

Geography: Africa - the highest celestial planet

Africa is often referred to as the high continent because of its high landforms.

Such geomorphologists include plateaus, highlands and plateaus, as well as remnants of hills. Interestingly, these landforms seem to border the continent, while the plains are in the central part.

In other words, we can imagine Africa as a very deep plate.

The highest point on the continent is Kilimanjaro Volcano (5895 meters). This is in Tanzania and the inevitable desire to win this summit occurs in many tourists. The lowest point is in the small country of Djibouti.

This lake is Assal with an absolute height of 157 meters (but with a minus sign).

Mineral resources of Africa

Almost all famous mineral resources have been studied in Africa. Particularly rich in a variety of minerals South Africa(these are diamonds, black coal, nickel and copper ore).

Foreign companies are usually involved in the development of deposits.

Rich in the depths of Africa and iron ore.

Many metallurgical plants in Europe and North America operate from mines mined here.

North Africa is famous for its many oils and natural gas... The countries they are in are very happy - they live well enough. First of all, we are observing Tunisia and Algeria.

Climate and inland waters

In Africa, the longest river in the world is the Nile. Other major banks of the river are Congo, Niger, Zambezi, Limpopo and Orange.

In the case of tectonic defects in East Africa, deep lakes were formed - Nyasa, Tanganyika and others. In the state of Chad, this is the largest salt lake of the continent of the same name.

Africa, as mentioned above, is the hottest continent on Earth. Due to its location, the surface of the continent receives a lot of solar energy and receives a lot of heat.

In Central Africa, as well as on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea, there is a large amount of rainfall.

In the southern and northern regions, the climatic seasons are clearly marked - dry winters and rainy seasons in summer. In the north and south, there is very little rainfall, which leads to desertification. In Africa, the largest desert on the planet is the Sahara.

The population of the "black" continent

Africa is dominated by black people. And the conditional border separating the Negroid and Caucasian races is the Sahara Desert.

Today, Africa is home to nearly one billion people.

At the same time, the continent's population is growing rapidly. According to scientists, by 2050 there will be about 2 billion people.

If you take a close look at the political map of Africa, you will see one interesting detail.

The fact is that the borders between many countries are straightened in straight lines. This is a kind of legacy of the colonial past of Africa. This irrevocable implementation of borders (without regard for the ethnic characteristics of the regions) creates many conflicts between tribes and peoples.

The average population density in Africa is 30 people per square kilometer.

The urbanization rate is also low at only 30%. However, there are quite large cities with a population of millions. The largest of these are Cairo and Lagos.

Africa speaks thousands of languages! Indigenous (purely African) Swahili, Fula and Congo. In many countries on the continent, the official languages ​​are English, Portuguese and French. Speaking about the religious preferences of the African population, most of the inhabitants of the continent pronounce Islam and Catholicism.

There are many Protestant churches here.

At the end …

Africa is the hottest continent on the planet. The reason for this lies in the specific geographic location of the continent.

The geographic coordinates of Africa are as follows: the continent is between latitude 37 north and latitude 34 south.

Thus, the equator divides Africa by almost half, so that its surface receives a large amount of solar radiation.

Now you know the main natural features of continental Africa, the coordinates of the extreme points on your territory.

- the cradle of civilizations, the highest continent of the Earth (and the hottest). The "black" continent combines endless, the largest deposits of diamonds and an amazing variety of and. At the same time, it remains one of the least developed and disadvantaged in the world (with the exception of a few states).

Extreme continental points of Africa

Africa is located "under", so it has few island lands in the north. Although the continental margins are fairly easy to identify:

• North. The northernmost point is located at Cape Blanco, or Ben Secca, in Tunisia. These lands were known long before the beginning of modern civilizations. Coordinates: 37 degrees 20 minutes north and 9 degrees 45 minutes east.
• South. Located on Cape Agulhas, or Agulhas, in South Africa. Coordinates: 34 degrees and 49 minutes south latitude and 20 degrees west longitude.
• Western. Located on the Cap Ver peninsula at the coordinates 14 degrees and 44 minutes north latitude, 17 degrees and 31 minutes west longitude.
• Eastern. Cape Ras Hafun, which is located in Somalia at the coordinates of 10 degrees and 25 minutes north latitude, 51 degrees and 16 minutes east longitude.

Extreme island points of Africa

The extreme points of Africa, including only two islands:

• In the east, the boundaries of the continent are defined by the Mascarene Islands, which is 650 km from Madagascar. Their coordinates are 20 degrees and 42 minutes south latitude, 56 degrees and 37 minutes east longitude. The territory is owned by Mauritius and France.
• In the west, the most extreme island is Cape Verde, which belonged to Portugal until 1975, but then separated into a separate island state. Its coordinates are 16 degrees north latitude and 24 degrees west longitude. In the south, as well as in the north, the extreme islands are not marked.

Extreme cities of Africa

Most of the settlements located near the extreme geographic points have a small population and few people know:

• In the north of the mainland, 15 km from extreme coordinates is the port city of Bizerte. Its coordinates are 37 degrees and 16 minutes north, 9 degrees, 52 minutes east. This beautiful city, covering 34 sq. km, belongs to Tunisia.
• On the southern side of the continent, the extreme settlement is Bredasdorp, located in South Africa. It is home to about 16,000 people. Coordinates: 34 degrees and 31 minutes south latitude, 20 degrees and 2 minutes east longitude.
• In the west, near the extreme point, is the Senegalese Dakar, which is also the capital of the country. Its coordinates are 14 degrees and 43 minutes north latitude, 17 degrees and 27 minutes west longitude.
• Farthest to the east is the village of Hafun (Somalia), which is inhabited mainly by fishermen - no more than 2,500 people. Its coordinates are 10 degrees and 25 minutes north latitude, 51 degrees and 16 minutes east longitude.

The material contains a table with the exact location of the extreme points of the mainland. The article gives an idea of ​​the capes, on which there are landmarks in the cardinal points relative to the location of Africa. The data complements the knowledge already gained about the continent.

Extreme points of Africa and their coordinates

As can be seen from the table, the extreme northern point of Africa is considered Cape Blanco .

Cape El Abyad (Engela) , otherwise called Cape Bely - the northernmost point of the continent. It is located on the Mediterranean coast in Tunisia.

Rice. 1. The northernmost point of Africa.

Geographers do not believe that the name "Blanco" (from Portuguese means "white") was assigned to the cape only on the basis of its northern position. The name was given because of the color of the sand that is characteristic of this Mediterranean coast.

- represents the southern tip of the mainland. Geographically located on the land of the state of South Africa. Located 155 kilometers away in the southeastern region near the famous Cape of Good Hope. In addition, it is a kind of completion of the spit, which stretches from the Cape mountain peaks. There is a lighthouse on it.

The southernmost point of Africa is the generally recognized division boundary between the Atlantic and Indian oceans.

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Rice. 2. Cape Agulhas.

Sailing past the cape, it is very difficult to notice it. But the stone pyramid serves as a visual reference for exact location. southern edge Sveta

The extreme southwestern point of the African continent. Some people incorrectly assume that this cape is the southern point of the African continent. It is famous for the fact that the continental coastline here for the first time bends to the east. The famous waterway from the Atlantic Ocean towards the Indian Ocean opens here. In 1497, the famous seafarer-traveler and explorer Vasco da Gama, bypassed the Cape of Good Hope and paved the sea route to the coast of India.

Cape Almadi is located on a peninsula called Cape Verde in Senegal and is the western tip of Africa.

Cape Ras Khafun represents the extreme eastern tip of Africa. It is recognized as the lowest-lying cape of all. Its length is 40 kilometers in length. Geographically, the cape is located in the northern part of the state of Somalia. Speaks towards the Indian Ocean.

Significant points of the African continent

The most significant points on the continent are represented by the following capes:

• El Abyad;
• Needle;
• Good Hope;
• Almadi;
• Ras Khafun.

Africa is called the high mainland. High relief forms dominate here. It is these landforms that frame and outline the boundaries of the continent, and it turns out that the plains are localized in the central region. Africa, viewed from above, looks like a kind of plate with sides.

Rice. 3. Cape of Good Hope.

Due to the fact that Africa is conventionally divided by the equator almost in half, this explains the peculiarity of its geographical coordinates, an impressive amount of solar radiation is concentrated on the surface of the continent. Total ratings received: 185.