The real names of famous people. Famous people named Michael

Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich (c. 952-1015) - Baptist Ancient Rus

The Russian prince Svyatoslav, who ruled in Kiev, had three sons - Yaropolk, Oleg and Vladimir. Immediately after the death of Svyatoslav, the brothers went to war against each other, each wanted to rule in Kiev, to become an autocratic prince. Vladimir showed great foresight in this fight and turned out to be the winner. He converted to Christianity, baptized Russia and in every possible way contributed to the education of ordinary people.

Prince Ivan III Vasilievich (1440-1505) - Unifier of Russian lands

The Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily II, nicknamed the Dark One, during his lifetime attracted his son Ivan to manage the affairs of the state. Thus, he confirmed his legal rights to the succession to the throne. All business papers were signed by both of them. Ivan entered full rights after the death of his father, when he was 22 years old. Ivan III began to unite the Russian lands around Moscow, turning it into the capital of the all-Russian state. Under him, the Moscow principality got rid of the Mongol-Tatar yoke. He knew how to listen carefully to the advice of his boyars. In adulthood, Prince Ivan 3 did not like to take part in military campaigns, believing that commanders should fight, and the sovereign at home should decide important matters. During 43 years of his reign, the Moscow principality was freed from the power of the Horde khans, significantly expanded and strengthened. Under him, the code of laws "Sudebnik" was adopted, a local system of land tenure appeared.

Peter I (1672-1725) - "What I Want Must Be"

Peter 1 was truly great. Peter had everything great - growth, army, battles, territories, plans. He strove not only to expand the borders of the Russian state, but also to make life in it similar to the one that he saw in Europe. He learned a lot himself and taught others. However, in his desire to quickly introduce new orders, he often went to the extreme, bloody massacres in his time were not uncommon. He was in a hurry in everything, as if he felt that fate did not let him go. long term life.

Catherine II (1729-1796) - Enlightened Monarch

On June 28, 1762, a bloodless palace coup took place in St. Petersburg. Emperor's wife Peter III Ekaterina Alekseevna, with the help of the guards, removed her husband from power and declared herself an autocratic empress. Once on the Russian throne, Catherine II tried to win the loyalty and love of her subjects. She has accomplished many economic transformation, in every possible way contributed to the development of trade, torture and executions were abolished in Russia, elective courts appeared. The period of her reign was called the "golden age", and the empress herself was called the Great.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin (1799-1837) - The sun of Russian poetry

Time inexorably removes us from Pushkin, a poet, playwright, prose writer, but his creative genius from this manifests itself more and more clearly. His poems, poems and stories showed different sides of Russian reality, secular life and peasant life, they reflected the restless soul of the poet, deep feelings and experiences. His poetry and prose were enthusiastically received by readers of the 19th century. It was then that an aura of his greatness was created, he began to be considered the ancestor of Russian literature, the creator of modern literary language... It is no coincidence that the time in which he lived is called the "Pushkin era".

Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (1810-1881) - Surgeon from God

Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov worked for hours in the anatomical theater, cutting soft tissues, examining diseased organs, sawing bones, looking for a replacement for damaged joints. Anatomy became a practical school for him, which laid the foundations for his further successful surgical activity. Pirogov was the first to come up with the idea of ​​plastic surgery, applied anesthesia in military field surgery, and applied a plaster cast for the first time in field conditions, suggested the existence of pathogens that cause suppuration of wounds. His works, various medical atlases, put Russian surgery on one of the first places in the world.

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (1821-1881) - Defender of the poor

Despite the wide popularity of Fyodor Dostoevsky in Russia, worldwide recognition and interest in his work came after his death. Everyone noted his deep psychologism, passion in portraying "humiliated and insulted." The German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche wrote that Dostoevsky was the only psychologist from whom he learned something. The works of Fyodor Mikhailovich had a noticeable influence on writers: Austrian Stefan Zweig, Frenchman Marcel Proust, Englishman Oscar Wilde, Germans Thomas and Heinrich Mann.

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy (1828-1910) - Preacher of morality

The famous Russian theater director and creator of the acting system Konstantin Stanislavsky wrote in his book "My Life in Art" that in the difficult years of the first revolutions, when despair gripped people, many recalled that at the same time Leo Tolstoy lived with them. And it became easier on my soul. He was the conscience of humanity. V late XIX and at the beginning of the 20th century, Tolstoy became the spokesman for the thoughts and hopes of millions of people. He was the moral support for many. It was read and listened to not only by Russia, but also by Europe, America and Asia.

Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907) - Legislator in chemistry

Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev was a versatile scientist: in the laboratory he studied new properties of materials, at factories and factories he analyzed the results of their use, for writing desk carefully summarized the information. Every year he traveled to different regions of the country, went abroad. Periodic table created by him chemical elements- an ingenious discovery - established the dependence of various properties of elements on the charge atomic nucleus and was accepted all over the world. Gathering it scientific works is 25 volumes.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) - Composer for All Seasons

International piano musicians, violinists, cellists and vocalists are well aware of the International musical competition named after PI Tchaikovsky, which is held in Moscow every 4 years. The symphonic works of the Russian composer have long been heard in concert halls of many leading capitals of the world, his operas and ballets are in the repertoire of the world's outstanding opera houses. Tchaikovsky left behind a huge musical legacy that has become a part of global culture.

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849-1936) - Teacher of the theory of reflexes

Awarded the title of Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology for 1904, the creator of the science of higher nervous activity, the Russian scientist Ivan Pavlov was recognized as the foreman of physiologists around the world.

Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky (1863-1945) - Discoverer of the biosphere

Vladimir Vernadsky entered the history of Russian and world science as an outstanding naturalist, thinker, and public figure. He studied such special branches of knowledge about the Earth as geology, crystallography, mineralogy, geochemistry, biology. And he determined the paths of the general evolution of the Earth, introduced the concepts of "biosphere" and "noosphere" - the area of ​​the spread of life on Earth as a result of the evolutionary impact on it from the side of man. He was the forerunner of a new branch of science - ecology.

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin) (1870-1924) - Practitioner of building communism

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin is the most famous political figure of the 20th century. For over 70 years in the Soviet Union, he was considered an unsurpassed genius with the goal of building communism in Russia. In 1917, Lenin took on the daunting task of making backward agrarian Russia socialist and then communist. He dreamed that the working people would receive everything according to their needs. The idea turned out to be untenable. True, after Lenin, the country gradually switched to the industrial path of development. Communism was not achieved, but at the cost of tremendous efforts, including millions of human casualties, the USSR approached the forefront of the world arena.

Joseph Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili (Stalin) (1878 -1953) - Inspirer of all victories

The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), the head of the Soviet government, Joseph Stalin, led the country to the industrial path of development, with his name the Soviet people won the Great Patriotic War, he caused massive labor heroism, under him the country became a superpower. But he also planted a totalitarian, dictatorial regime in the country, carried out violent collectivization, under him famine broke out in the country, massive repressions were carried out, the world community was divided into two camps - socialist and capitalist. In history, Stalin has remained a twofold person: the winner in the war and the tyrant of his own people.

Sergey Pavlovich Korolev (1906-1966) - Chief Designer

Sergey Pavlovich Korolev was an outstanding design engineer who dreamed of conquering space. He made a huge contribution to the organization of the production of rocket and space technology and rocket weapons in the Soviet Union. He was the first in the world to launch satellites, scientific stations, spaceships... The news about this shocked the whole world. He dreamed of exploring the vastness of the Universe with the help of automatic devices and began to prepare a flight to Mars, but did not have time to carry out his plan.

photo from the Internet

Michael is one of the seven Holy Archangels and their head. On November 21, believers gather to glorify the Holy Archangel Michael.

Mikhail Yaroslavich of Tverskoy, the first "Grand Duke of All Russia". More about Mikhail Tverskoy.

Mikhail Vasilievich Skopin-Shuisky (1586-1610) - prince, boyar, commander. Participant in the suppression of the uprising of Ivan Isaevich Bolotnikov. More about Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky.

Mikhail Fedorovich - Russian tsar (since 1613), the first tsar from the Romanov dynasty. More about Mikhail Fedorovich.

Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (1711 - 1765) - the first Russian natural scientist of world importance. One of the greatest Russian scientists and figures of Russian education of the 18th century. As a poet, Lomonosov introduced into the emerging literature the classical forms of poetry that prevailed in the West in the first half of the 18th century. More about Mikhail Lomonosov.

Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov (1745-1813) - Russian commander. More about Mikhail Kutuzov.

Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay De Tolly (1757-1818) (Michael Andreas) - Russian Field Marshal General. Divisional and corps commander in the wars with France and Sweden. Minister of War in 1810-12. V World War II 1812 Commander-in-Chief of the 1st Army, and in July - August, virtually all the active Russian armies. In 1813-14 the commander-in-chief of the Russian-Prussian army, from 1815 - the 1st army. Read more about Barclay de Tolly.

Mikhail Andreevich Balugyansky (1769-1847) - Russian economist. The first rector of St. Petersburg University (1819-21). Portrait of Mikhail Balugiansky

Mikhail Mikhailovich Speransky (1772-1839) - Russian statesman, count. Since 1808, the closest adviser to Emperor Alexander I, the author of the plan for liberal reforms, the initiator of the creation of the State Council. More about Mikhail Speransky.

Mikhail Petrovich Pogodin (1800-75) - Russian historian, writer, academician of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1841). Published the magazine "Moskovsky Vestnik", "Moskvityanin". A little more about Mikhail Pogodin.

Mikhail Vasilievich Ostrogradsky (1801-1862) - Russian mathematician and mechanic, academician of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1830). Formulated a general variational principle for non-conservative systems. Works on mathematical analysis, mathematical physics, analytical and celestial mechanics, hydromechanics, theory of elasticity, ballistics. More about Mikhail Ostrogradsky.

Mikhail Semenovich Kutorga (1809-86), Russian historian of antiquity, corresponding member of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1848). Major works on the history of the archaic and classical periods Ancient Greece... Portrait of Mikhail Kutorg.

Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov (1814-1841) Russian poet. Details about Mikhail Lermontov.

Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov-Shchedrin (literary pseudonym N. Shchedrin) is a great Russian satirist. More about Mikhail Saltykov.

Mikhail Alexandrovich Vrubel (1856–1910) - Russian artist.

Mikhail Osipovich Dolivo-Dobrovolsky - Russian electrical engineer, creator of three-phase current technology. Biography of Dolivo-Dobrovolsky.

Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin is a Russian writer, author of works about nature, who revealed in them a special artistic philosophy of nature, hunting stories, works for children. Of particular value are his diaries, which he kept throughout his life. More about Mikhail Prishvin.

Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov is a Russian writer A writer is a person who is engaged in literary work, writes artistic literary works.. Biography of Mikhail Bulgakov.

Mikhail Petrovich Kirponos - (1892-1941), military leader, colonel general (1941), Hero Soviet Union(1940). During the Great Patriotic War he commanded the troops of the Southwestern Front (June - September 1941). Killed in battle. More about Mikhail Kirponos.

Mikhail Mikhailovich Zoshchenko (1894-1958) - Russian writer, satirist and playwright. In the stories of the 1920s, mainly in the form of a tale, he created a comic image of an ordinary hero with poor morality and a primitive outlook on his surroundings. The Blue Book (1934-35) is a cycle of satirical short stories about the vices and passions of historical characters and the modern bourgeoisie. Biography of Mikhail Zoshchenko.

Mikhail Ilyich Koshkin - designer of the T-34 medium tank - best tank 2nd world war. Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1942) Posthumously. Hero of Soc. Labor (1990, posthumously). He died in 1940 while testing a tank. More about Mikhail Koshkin.

Mikhail Ivanovich Zharov (1900-1981) - Russian theater and film actor. People's Artist of the USSR (1949). USSR State Prize (1947), Hero of Socialist Labor (1974). More about Mikhail Zharov.

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov (1905-84) - Russian writer, prose writer, the most prominent Soviet non-intellectual writer, who made the life of the Don Cossacks a subject of close reader interest, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1939), twice Hero of Socialist Labor. Biography of Mikhail Sholokhov.

Mikhail Efimovich Dryanichkin is the battalion commander who stormed the city of Katowice. More about Mikhail Dryanichkin.

Mikhail Andreevich Gluzsky is an actor. More about Mikhail Gluzsky.

Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov - inventor of the Kalashnikov assault rifle, holder of the No. 1 medal "For Services to the Fatherland". More about Mikhail Kalashnikov.

Mikhail (Moisey) Abramovich Schweitzer - Russian film director, People's Artist of the USSR. More about Mikhail Schweitzer.

Mikhail Nikolaevich Zadornov is a modern Russian satirist.

Mikhail Mikhailovich Kozakov is an actor. He worked in theaters: them. V. Mayakovsky, on Mal. Bronnaya, "Contemporary". In 1991-1997 he worked at the Tel Aviv Chamber Theater. He starred in the films "Amphibian Man", "Pokrovskie Vorota", "Visit of a Lady", etc. More about Mikhail Kozakov.

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Ulyanov - People's Artist of the USSR, Artistic Director of the Theater. Vakhtangov. A little more about Mikhail Ulyanov.

Mikhail Ivanovich Pugovkin (Pugonkin) - actor, People's Artist of the USSR. More about Mikhail Pugovkin.

Mikhail Gorbachev is the first Russian president. More about Mikhail Gorbachev.

Mikhail Zvezdinsky is a singer. More about Mikhail Zvezdinsky.

Mikhail Shirvindt is an actor and satirist. More about Mikhail Shirvindt.

Mikhail Mikhailovich Derzhavin is an actor of the Moscow Theater of Satire. More about Mikhail Derzhavin.

Mikhail Ivanovich Kononov is a Russian theater and film actor. Honored Artist of Russia. More about Mikhail Kononov.

Mikhail Nikolaevich Baryshnikov - Russian and American ballet dancer, choreographer. More about Mikhail Baryshnikov

Mikhail Sergeevich Boyarsky - Russian theater and film actor, People's Artist of Russia (1990). More about Mikhail Boyarsky.

Mikhail Vasilievich Alekseev (1857-1918). General of the tsarist army, who actually led the Russian army in the war of 1914-1918. Since the fall of 1915, when Nicholas II removed from the post of supreme commander-in-chief led. book Nikolai Nikolaevich himself took this post, Alekseev became the chief of staff of the commander-in-chief (in fact, the head of all military operations) and retained this position almost unchanged even after the February Revolution, until the Kornilov mutiny, after which he left this post. He had a negative attitude to the February Revolution, tried in every possible way to save the soldiers from "agitators" and restore the old power of the officers. After the February bourgeois-democratic revolution of 1917, after the Kornilov uprising in August 1917, Mikhail Alekseev was for a short time the supreme commander in chief, then he was the chief of staff of the supreme commander in chief Kerensky. Under his leadership, a "volunteer army" began to form on the Don at the end of 1918, which later came under the command of Denikin.

Mikhail Petrovich Artsybashev (1878-?) - a writer, one of the most typical representatives of the ideological and literary movement that arose in Russia after the defeat of the 1905 revolution.The main motives of his work are the preaching of anarchic individualism, a call for liberation from all social duties in the name of selfish use life, the cult of erotic pleasures. Artsybashev's works, especially his novel "Sanin", enjoyed great success in intellectual circles and gave rise to the corresponding sentiments among young people and in literature, known as "artsybashevism" or "saninism".

Mikhail Dmitrievich Bonch-Bruevich (1870-1956). Major military specialist. After graduating first from the Konstantinovsky Land Survey Institute, he entered the Academy of the General Staff, from which he graduated in 1898. Before the war of 1914, he served as an officer, as well as a teacher of military sciences in various military educational institutions. During the war, he was appointed Quartermaster General of the Army, General. Ruzsky and led the Lvov operation and the operation under Rava Russkaya. During the Kornilov days, Mikhail Bonch-Bruevich was appointed commander-in-chief of the armies of the Northern Front. After the October Revolution, he served as Chief of Staff of the Commander-in-Chief. In March 1918 he entered the Supreme Military Council as a military leader. From June to August 1919 he served as chief of staff of the Revolutionary Military Council.

Mikhail Osipovich Gershenzon (1869 - 1924) - literary historian, author of a number of studies on the history of Russian literature and public life the first half of the 19th century, of great scientific and artistic value. His main works: "P. Ya. Chaadaev", "Images of the Past", "Griboedov's Moscow", "The Wisdom of Pushkin". By his philosophical convictions, Mikhail Gershenzon adhered to the "neo-Slavophilism" of Struve, Bulgakov and Berdyaev and was one of the participants in the collection "Vekhi". After the October Revolution, he was a full member of the Academy of Art Sciences and headed the section of Russian literature there.

Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (1875-1946). Party member since 1898. Member of the St. Petersburg Union of Struggle for the Liberation of the Working Class. Iskra's agent. In 1912 he was a member of the Russian Bureau of the Central Committee of the RSDLP. Since 1919 - Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, since 1922 - the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. Since 1938 - Mikhail Kalinin Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Since 1919 - a member of the Central Committee, since 1926 - a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the party.

Mikhail Kiselevich was one of the active workers of the Petersburg Council of Workers' Deputies in 1905, a delegate of the printing union, a typesetter by profession. In the case of the Council of Workers' Deputies, he was sentenced to exile to settle in Siberia.

Mikhail Mikhailovich Lashevich (1884-1928). Member of the RSDLP since 1901. Participant of the revolution of 1905-1907. After the February Revolution - Chairman of the Bolshevik faction of the Petrograd Soviet. During the October Revolution - a member of the Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee, a member of the Presidium of the Petrograd Soviet and the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. Since 1918 - on leadership in the Red Army. In 1922-1925. - Mikhail Lashevich is the chairman of the Sibrevkom. Since 1925 - Deputy People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs, Deputy Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. In 1918-1919. and since 1923 - member of the Central Committee. in 1925-1927 - a candidate member of the Central Committee of the party. Member of the Central Executive Committee, Central Executive Committee of the USSR.

Mikhail Artemievich Muravyov (1880-1918). Officer of the tsarist army, lieutenant colonel. During the October Revolution he offered his services To the Soviet government and was appointed head of the defense of Petrograd, then commanded the troops that participated in the liquidation of the Kerensky-Krasnov rebellion. At the beginning of 1918, he commanded the troops operating against the Ukrainian Central Rada and General Kaledin. During the period of the Czecho-Slovak uprising, he was appointed commander of the troops of the Eastern Front. In connection with the Left SR uprising on July 6 - 8, by order of the Central Committee of the SRs, Mikhail Muravyov opened the Czechoslovak front on July 12, giving orders under the pretext of an allegedly launched German offensive to remove troops from the front and send them to Moscow. Not finding support in the troops, he shot himself. (When arrested, he resisted and was killed.)

Mikhail Petrovich Pogodin (1800 - 1875) - historian, archaeologist and journalist, publisher of Moskvityanin, the organ of the right wing of the Russian Slavophiles. Repeatedly ridiculed in Dobrolyubov's "Whistle", he first put into circulation the term "dance whistle" to denote the literary manner of that time.

Mikhail Nikolaevich Pokrovsky (1868-1932). The author of the famous four-volume work "Russian History". Pokrovsky is one of the old Bolsheviks, a participant in the 1905 revolution. In 1909 he joined Bogdanov's group, but soon left this group. During the war, Pokrovsky was an employee of the Parisian internationalist newspaper Nashe Slovo. In 1917 he was a deputy of the Moscow City Council. From November 1917 to June 1918 Mikhail Pokrovsky chairman of the Moscow City Council, the Council of People's Commissars of Moscow and the Moscow Region. In 1918-1932. - Deputy People's Commissar of Education of the RSFSR. One of the initiators of the creation and head of the Communist Academy. Institute of Red Professors and other scientific institutions. Author of many scientific papers. Member of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, Central Executive Committee of the USSR.

Mikhail Alexandrovich Stakhovich (1861-?) Is a liberal who slipped to the extreme right in 1905. From 1892 to 1895 Yelets leader of the nobility, from 1895 Oryol provincial leader. In that most reactionary period of the autocratic system, Stakhovich was in the eyes of Sipyagin, Plehve, etc., a revolutionary. His speech at a missionary convention in 1900 nearly led to his demotion from the marshal of the nobility. For his participation in the Zemstvo Congress in 1902, he received the "highest" reprimand. In 1904 he published in No. 2 "Prava", 1904, a sharp article about the beating in Oryol by the police and gendarmes of an innocent Muslim Sart. No. 2 of Prava was confiscated because of this article, and the article appeared in No. 44 of the foreign "Osvobozhdeniye". The growing wave of the social movement forced Stakhovich to reveal his real face: the former liberal turned out to be an arch-conservative nobleman in his views. At the provincial zemstvo meetings, Stakhovich was among those who defended only deliberative rights for the State Duma. At the provincial meetings, he spoke out against the equalization of women with men in political rights. Stakhovich was one of the organizers of the October 17 Union. Selected in I The State Duma from the Oryol Gubernia., he took a prominent place in the small right wing of the First Duma. On June 14, 1906, Stakhovich, together with Heiden and Lvov, founded the Duma faction of "peaceful renewal", while remaining in the "Union of October 17". With them, on July 10 of the same year, Mikhail Stakhovich issued an appeal from the party of "Peaceful Renovation", which declared full submission to the will of the tsar (as opposed to the Vyborg appeal). At the beginning of 1907, Stakhovich was elected from the Oryol province to the II State Duma. After the February Revolution of 1917, he was the Finnish Governor-General under the Provisional Government.

Mikhail Ivanovich Tereshchenko (1886-1956). Russian entrepreneur, sugar manufacturer. He was close to the Progressist Party. In all three coalition governments he served as foreign minister. Before the February Revolution, he participated with Guchkov and Krymov in a conspiracy preparing a palace coup with the aim of eliminating Nicholas II while preserving the monarchy. In 1917 - Minister of Finance, then Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Provisional Government. After the October Revolution of 1917, Mikhail Tereshchenko in exile.

Mikhail Pavlovich Tomsky (Efremov) (1880-1936). Party member since 1904. Member of the revolution of 1905-1907, spent ten years in prison and exile, and the October Revolution of 1917. In 1918-1921 and 1922-1929. - Chairman of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions. In 1921 - Chairman of the Turkestan Commission of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR. In 1929-1930. - Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Council of the National Economy of the USSR. Since 1932 - head of the OGIZ. In 1919-1934. - Member of the Central Committee, since 1934 - candidate member of the Central Committee, in 1922-1930. - Member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the party. Member of the Central Executive Committee, Central Executive Committee of the USSR. In an atmosphere of massive repression, Mikhail Tomsky committed suicide (after being convicted in the Moscow Trial in 1936).

Mikhail Nikolaevich Tukhachevsky (1893-1937). A graduate of the Alexander Military School (1914), he joined the prestigious Semenovsky Guards Regiment and rose to the rank of lieutenant during the First World War, ended up in German captivity, returned to Russia after the revolution and joined the Red Army in 1918. Party member since 1918. During the Civil War, he commanded a number of armies in battles in the Volga region, the South, the Urals, Siberia, and the troops of the Caucasian and Western fronts. In 1925-1928. - Chief of Staff of the Red Army. Since 1931 - Deputy People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs and Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. Since 1934 - Deputy, since 1936 - First Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. Since 1934 - a candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b). Member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. Central Executive Committee of the USSR. Mikhail Tukhachevsky was repressed, executed in June 1937; posthumously rehabilitated.

Mikhail Vasilievich Frunze (1885-1925). Party member since 1904. Member of the October Revolution of 1917 in Ivanovo-Voznesensk and Moscow. During the civil war, he was the commander of the Southern Group of Forces of the Eastern Front and the Eastern Front during the defeat of Kolchak's army. In 1919-1920. - Commander of the Turkestan Front, in 1920 - the Southern Front during the defeat of Wrangel's troops. In 1924-1925. - Deputy Chairman and Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, Deputy People's Commissar and People's Commissar for military and naval affairs, at the same time - Chief of Staff of the Red Army, member of the STO. Since 1921 - a member of the Central Committee, since 1924 - a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the RCP (b). Member of the Central Executive Committee and the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. Mikhail Frunze died in November 1925 during an operation - doctors feared that his heart would not withstand the effect of chloroform (based on this case, Boris Pilnyak's book "The History of the Unquenched Moon" was written).

Mikhail Ilyich Romm (1901-71) - Russian film director, People's Artist of the USSR. Films: "Thirteen", "Lenin in October" "Ordinary Fascism" (1966). More about Mikhail Romm

Incredible facts

Everyone knows that sometimes celebrities need to change their name in order to make their way in Hollywood and on stage.

If someone already has your first and last name, you need to somehow stand out.

Some change their name to a shorter and more memorable one, others replace their first or last name, and still others come up with a completely new name.

Here are the real names of celebrities you probably didn't know about.

Real names and surnames of celebrities

1. Meghan Markle

Real name: Rachel Meghan Markle

According to the information Megan is her middle name, and according to the first name she is Rachel.

2. Prince Harry

Real name: Henry Charles Albert David

Harry is actually his nickname, which is confirmed on his official website.

3. Mila Kunis

Real name: Milena Markovna Kunis

4. Emma Stone

Real name: Emily Jean Stone

The actress decided to shorten her name from Emily J. Stone to Emma Stone, although relatives call her simply Em.

5. Brad Pitt

Real name: William Bradley Pitt

6. Ashton Kutcher

Real name: Kistopher Ashton Kutcher

7. Keith Harrington

Real name: Christopher Catesby Harrington

Interestingly, Keith didn't know his real name until he was 11 years old. He was named Christopher after the English playwright Christopher Marlowe, whose name is shortened to Keith.

8. Elton John

Real name: Reginald Kenneth Dwight

It is known that Elton John chose his stage name, combining the names of saxophonist Elton Dean and Long John Baldry.

9. Katy Perry

Real name: Catherine Elizabeth Hudson

Katy changed her last name to Perry's mother's maiden name, as she didn't want to be confused with actress Kate Hudson.

What are the names of the celebrities

10. Reese Witherspoon

Real name: Laura Jean Reese Witherspoon

11. Singer Lord

Real name: Ella Maria Lani Yelich-O "Connor

When asked why she chose this pseudonym, the singer replied that her name is too boring, and it will be difficult for fans to shout it out at the festival.

Real name: Destiny Hope Cyrus

Miley is the nickname her father gave her as a child, as she was a smiling child.

13. Natalie Portman

Real name: Neta-Lee Hershlag

14. Jennifer Aniston

Real name: Jennifer Lynn Anastasskis

15. Lady Gaga

Real name: Stephanie Joanne Angelina Germanotta

16. Adele

Real name: Adele Laurie Blue Adkins

17.Gigi Hadid

Real name: Jelena Hadid

The modern supermodel from birth bears the name Jelena, but in primary grades she was often confused with another girl of the same name. Therefore, my mother decided to call her Gigi, and this nickname remained.

18. Nicki Minaj

Real name: Onika Tanya Marazh

The surname Maraj is of Indian origin, and the name Onika is of African origin.

19. Rihanna

Real name: Robin Rihanna Fenty

20. Lana Del Rey

Real name: Elizabeth Woolridge Grant