The name of the first Soviet government. Council of People's Commissars of the USSR

First was elected at the second All-Russian Congress of Soviets on November 8 (October 26, according to the old style) of 1917, chaired by Vladimir Lenin, as a temporary working and peasant government (before the convening of the Constituent Assembly). Institution with individual branches of public life was carried out by commissions. Government authorities belonged to the college of the chairmen of these commissions, that is, the Council of People's Commissars. The control over the activities of the people's commissarov and the law of displacement, they belonged to the All-Russian Congress of the Councils of Workers, Peasant and Soldier Deputies and its Central Executive Committee (CEC).

After the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, the Third All-Russian Congress of Soviets January 31 (January 18, on the old style) of 1918, he decided to abolish the word "temporary" in the name of the Soviet government, calling it the "Working and Peasant Government of the Russian Soviet Republic".

According to the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918, adopted by the Fifth All-Russian Congress of Soviets on July 10, 1918, the government was called the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR.

In connection with the formation of the SSR Union in December 1922, the Allied Government was created - the USSR SCC chaired by Vladimir Lenin (for the first time approved in the second session of the USSR CEC in July 1923).

In accordance with the USSR Constitution of 1924, the USSR SCC was the CEC executive and administrative body, formed by the decision of the USSR CEC for the term of office of the CEC, SNK of the Union and Autonomous Republic - the CEC of the relevant republics. The USSR SCK was to regularly report on the work done at the congresses of the Councils of the USSR and the sessions of the USSR CEC.

The competence of the USSR SNC was attributed to the organization of the direct leadership of the national economy and all other branches of public life. This guide was carried out through the central sectoral bodies - unconnected (allied) and united (alliance-republican) drug addicts of the USSR. The USSR SNK led the activities of drug addicts, considered their reports, established disagreements between individual departments. He argued concession treaties, resolved disputes between the Councils of the Union republics, considered protests and complaints about the decisions of the Council of Labor and Defense of the USSR and other institutions under it, on the orders of the People's Commissaries, approved the state of public-union agencies, appointed their leaders.

The USSR SNK is the adoption of measures to implement the national economic plan and the state budget and to strengthen the monetary system, to ensure public order, the implementation of the general guidelines in the field of external relations with foreign states, etc.

Legislative work was restored at SNK of the USSR: he had previously considered the draft decrees and decisions, which were then submitted for the approval of the USSR CEC and its Presidium, since the beginning of the 1930s, all bills were to be prepared for the USSR SNK, although this was not envisaged by the Constitution .

The 1936 Constitution introduced an addition to the definition of the government's place in the state mechanism. The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was determined as "the highest executive and administrative body of state power." In the Constitution of 1924, the word "Higher" was absent.
According to the Constitution of the USSR of 1936, the SCS of the USSR, SNK of the Union and Autonomous Republics has been formed by the Supreme Council of the USSR, the Supreme Sovieties of the Allied and Autonomous Repubies.

SCA USSR was formally responsible to the Supreme Council of the USSR (Sun) and it is accountable, and in the period between Sun sessions - is responsible to the Presidium of the USSR Sun, which is reported. SNK could make mandatory for execution throughout the USSR of the decision and orders based on and in fulfillment of existing laws and check their execution.

Orders, as state acts, began to be published by the USSR SCA since 1941.

For the successful implementation of the Functions of the USSR, the SCA functions of the USSR could create committees, management, commissions and other institutions.

Subsequently, a large network of special departments arose in various branches of public administration who operated at the USSR SCC.

Vladimir Lenin (1923-1924), Alexey Rykov (1924-1930), Vyacheslav Molotov (1930-1941), Joseph Stalin (1941-1946) were Chairmen of the USSR Council of People's Commissioners.

In the post-war period, with the aim of introducing the names generally accepted in the International State Practice, the law of the USSR Supreme Soviet of March 15, 1946, the USSR SNK was transformed into the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the drug addicts in the ministry.

Material prepared on the basis of RIA news and open sources

"I All-Russian Congress of the Councils of Workers and Soldiers Deputies (What ???)

Decree

On the establishment of the Council of People's Commissar

Education to manage the country (what ???), In the future, before the convening of the Constituent Assembly, the temporary working and peasant government, which will be referred to as the Council of People's Commissar. The institution by individual branches of public life is entrusted to the Commissions, the composition of which should ensure the implementation of the program to the proclaimed congress, in close unity with the mass organizations of workers, workers, sailors, soldiers, peasants and employees. Government power belongs to the college of the chairmen of these commissions, that is. Council of People's Commissar.

The control of the activities of the people's commissars and the right of displacement them belongs to the All-Russian Congress of the Councils of Workers, Peasant and Soldier Deputies and its central. Span. Committee.

At the moment, the Council of People's Commissars is compiled from the following persons:

Chairman of the Council of People's Commissar - Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin).

Folk Commissioners:

according to internal affairs - A. I. Rykov;

agriculture - V. P. Milyutin;

labor - A. G. Hatsnikov;

for the Military and Maritime Affairs, the Committee, as part of: V. A. Avseenko (Antonov), N. V. Kryglenko and P. E. Dybenko;

on trade and industry - V. P. Nogin;

folk enlightenment - A. V. Lunacharsky;

finance - I. I. Skvortsov (Stepanov);

according to foreign affairs - L. D. Bronstein (Trotsky);

justice - G. I. Oppok (Lomov);

according to the affairs of food - I. A. Teodorovich;

post and Telegraphs - N. P. Avilov (Glebov);

on the affairs of nationalities - I. V. Jugashvili (Stalin);

The post of the People's Commissar for Rail Affairs temporarily remains not substituted. "

The most impressive word: "country", of course, immediately after the title - the deputies are unknown which territory!

Wiki O SNK: "

Immediately before the seizure of power on the day of the revolution, the Central Committee of the Bolsheviks instructed Kamenev and Wintern (Berzin) to enter political contact with the left esera and to begin negotiations on the composition of the future government. During the work of the II congress, the Bolsheviks offered to enter the government to the left eseramen, but they refused. The factions of the right-wing essences and Mensheviks left the II Congress of Soviets at the very beginning of his work - before the formation of the government. The Bolsheviks were forced to form a one-party government.

The Council of People's Commissars was formed in accordance with "", adopted by the II All-Russian Congress of the Councils of Workers, Soldier and Peasant Deputies on October 27, 1917. Decree began with words:

To form for the country's management, to continue the convening of the Constituent Assembly, the temporary working and peasant government, which will be called the Council of People's Commissar.

The Council of People's Commissars has lost the nature of the temporary management body after the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, which legally entrenched the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918. The right to education of SNK received the DVC; The SNK was the general management body of the RSFSR, which has the right to publish decrees, while the Central Executive Committee was entitled to cancel or suspend any decree or SNK decision.

Issues considered by SNK were decided by a simple majority of votes. The meetings were attended by members of the government, the Chairman of the ICTC, the business manager and the secretaries of the SNK, representatives of the departments.

The permanent working body of the SNK of the RSFSR was the management of cases, which prepared questions for meetings of SNK and its standing commissions, carried out receiving delegations. The staff of the business management officers in 1921 consisted of 135 people (according to TGAOR USSR, f. 130, op. 25, d. 2, LL. 19 - 20.).

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of March 23, 1946, the Council of People's Commissars RSFSR was transformed into the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR.

Legislative Base of SNK RSFSR

management of general affairs of the RSFSR

manual with separate branches of management (Art.35, 37)

The People's Commissar was entitled to only make decisions on all issues under the jurisdiction of the Commissariat leadership, bringing them to the attention of the Collegium (Article 45).

With the formation of the USSR in December 1922 and the creation of the Union Government, the Soviet University of the RSFSR became the executive and administrative body of the state authority of the Russian Federation. "

This term has other meanings, see the Council of People's Commissars. Additional information: List of People's Commissarians of the USSR Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (Sovnarka of the USSR, SNK of the USSR) ... Wikipedia

Council of People's Commissars of the USSR - ownership of the USSR Narm Comments (SCSR SCA), in accordance with the USSR Constitution 1936 the highest will fulfill. and orders. GOS body. The authorities of the USSR accounting of the USSR. War made some adjustments to the legal status of the USSR SNK. Field of military. ... ... Great Patriotic War 1941-1945: Encyclopedia

Council of People's Commissar: Council of People's Commissars RSFSR Council of People's Commissars of the USSR ... Wikipedia

RSFSR Council of People's Commissars of the USSR ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see the Council of People's Commissars. Council of People's Commissars RSFSR (SNK RSFSR) ... Wikipedia

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- (Sovnarka RSFSR, SNK RSFSR) Name of the Government of the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic from the October Revolution 1917 to 1946. The Council consisted of public commissars of the actual ministers who led folk ... ... Wikipedia

- (SNK) in 1917 1946 The name of the highest executive and administrative bodies of the state power of the USSR, the Allied and Autonomous Republics. In March 1946, transformed into ministerial councils. According to the Constitution of the USSR, 1936, the USSR SNK was formed ... ... Legal vocabulary

Council of People's Commissar - (Sovnarkom, SNK) Government of the Soviet state from 1917 to 1946. 26.10. (8.11.) 1917. The second All-Russian Congress of the Councils of Workers and Soldier Deputies decided: "To form for the management of the country, to continue to convene the constituent ... ... Encyclopedia Rights

- (Sovnarkom, SNK), in 1917 46 Government name in the USSR, Union and Autonomous Republics. In March 1946, converted to the Councils of Ministers ... Modern encyclopedia

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Sovnarkom, SNK), the highest executive and administrative bodies of state power in Soviet Russia, the USSR, the Allied and Autonomous Repubies in 1917-46. In March 1946, converted to the Councils of Ministers.

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Sovnarkom - SNK - in 1917-1946. The name of the highest executive and administrative bodies of state power in the USSR, allied and autonomous republics. In March 1946, transformed into ministerial councils. According to the Constitution of the USSR, 1936, the USSR SNK was formed by the Supreme Council of the USSR at a joint meeting of both chambers as part of: Chairman, his deputies and other members. SCA USSR was formally responsible for the Supreme Council of the USSR and it is accountable, and in the period between the Sun sessions, the USSR Armed Forces, which is reported. SNK could make mandatory for execution throughout the USSR of the decision and orders based on and in fulfillment of existing laws and check their execution.

The government of the world in the world of the workers' and peasant state was first formed as the Council of People's Commissars, which was created by 26 Oct. (November 8) 1917, the next day after the victory of the Great October Socialist Revolution, Resolution of the 2nd All-Russian Congress of the Councils of Workers and Soldier Deputies to Education of the Workers and Peasant Government.

The decree written by V. I. Lenin said that "the Constituent Assembly, the temporary working and peasant government, which will be referred to as the Council of People's Commissar, is established to manage the country. V. I. Lenin was elected the first chairman of the SNK, who worked in this post for seven years (1917-1924) until his death. Lenin has developed the basic principles of the activities of the SNK, the tasks facing the highest authorities of the State Administration of the Soviet Republic.

The name "temporary" with the dissolution of the constituent assembly dropped. The first composition of SNK was one-party - it included only the Bolsheviks. The proposal to the left esrames to enter the SNK was rejected by them. On Dec. 1917 Left-esters entered the SNK and consisted in Prospect until March 1918. They came out of SNK due to disagreement with the conclusion of the Brest world and stood in the position of counter-revolution. In the future, CHK was formed only by representatives of the Communist Party. According to the Constitution of the RSFSR 1918, adopted by the 5th All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the government of the republic was called SNK RSFSR.

The Constitution of the RSFSR 1918 identified the main functions of the SNK RSFSR. The general management of the activities of the SNK RSFSR belonged to the WTCIK. The composition of the PRA was approved by the Soviets VTCIK or the congress of the Soviets. SNK possessed the necessary completeness of rights in the field of enforceing, and along with the Central Executive Committee, enjoyed the law of decrees. By performing executive and administrative power, SNK RSFSR led the activities of drug addicts and others. Center. departments, as well as directed and controlled the activities of local authorities.

The management of SNK and the Small Counsel, which is 23 Jan. (February 5) 1918 became the Permanent Commission of SNK RSFSR to preliminary consideration of issues introduced into SNK and issues of current legislation of the management of the department of public administration and the government. In 1930, small SNK was abolished. According to the Decree of the Central Executive Committee of November 30, 1918 was established under before. V.I. Lenin Council of Workers and Peasant Defense 1918-20. In April 1920, he was transformed into a labor and defense council, (STR). The experience of the first SNK was used in the State Construction of the PR in all the Allied Soviet Socialist Republics.

After the unification of the Soviet republics into a single Union State - the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) created the Union Government - the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. The provision on the USSR SCA approved CEC on November 12, 1923.

The USSR Council was formed by the USSR CEC and was its executive and administrative body. SCA USSR led the activities of the Union and United (Union-Republican) People's Commissars, considered and approved the decisions and decisions of the Union-Union Values \u200b\u200bwithin the limits of the rights provided for by the USSR Constitution 1924, the provisions on the SCC of the USSR CEC and other legislative acts. The decisions of the USSR decisions and decisions of the USSR were binding on the entire USSR and could be suspended and canceled by the CEC of the USSR and its Presidium. For the first time, the composition of the USSR SNK, headed by Lenin, is approved at the 2nd session of the USSR CEC on July 6, 1923. The USSR Council, under the provision of 1923, was: Chairman, Deputy. Chairman, USSR addresses; Representatives of the Union republics participated in SNK meetings with the right of a deliberative voice.

According to the Constitution of the USSR, adopted in 1936, the USSR SNK was the highest executive and administrative body of the state power of the SSR Union. He formed the top. Council of the USSR. The Constitution of the USSR 1936 established the responsibility and accountability of the USSR SNK. Advice, and in the period between sessions, the top. Council of the USSR - its Presidium. According to the Constitution of the USSR, 1936, the USSR SNK united and sent the work of the Union-Union and Soviet-Republican People's Commissices of the USSR, and other economic and cultural institutions to him, took measures to implement the national economic plan, the state budget, carried out guidance in the field of external relations with foreign states, He led the general construction of the country's armed forces, etc. According to the USSR Constitution, 1936, the USSR SNK was entitled to the Office and Housekeeping, assigned to the competence of the USSR, suspend the decisions and orders of SNK of the Union republics and cancel orders and instructions of the USSR addresses. Art. 71 The Constitution of the USSR 1936 set the right of the deputy request: a representative of SNK or the USSR peer, to which the request of the Deputy of the USSR Supreme Soviet is obliged to give an oral or written response to the appropriate chamber.

SNK of the USSR, according to the Constitution of the USSR 1936, was formed in the 1st session of the top. Council of the USSR 19 Jan. 1938. June 30, 1941, the decision of the Presidium is the top. Council of the USSR, the Central Committee of the CSP (b) and SCA of the USSR was created by the State Defense Committee (GKO), which focused all the fullness of state power in the USSR during the Great Patriotic War 1941-45.

SNK of the Union Republic is the highest executive and administrative body of the state power of the Federal Republic. He is responsible to the Supreme Council of the Republic and it is accountable, and in the period between sessions, the top. Council - before the presidium top. The Council of the Republic and it is accountable to the SNK of the Federal Republic, according to the Constitution of the USSR 1936, issues decisions and orders based on and in the fulfillment of the current laws of the USSR and the Federal Republic of the Republic, decisions and orders of the USSR SCA and is obliged to check their execution.

Composition and formation of SCC of the USSR

An important stage in the way of adopting the Constitution of the USSR of 1924 was the second session of the CEC Union of the SSR, which was opened on July 6, 1923.

The CEC of the USSR formed the Soviet government - the Council of People's Commissars. The USSR SCA was the executive and administrative body of the USSR CEC and was responsible in his work to him and his Presidency (Article 37 of the Constitution). The chapters on the highest bodies of the USSR consolidated the unity of legislative and executive.

For the management sectors of the public administration, 10 USSR addicts (Chapter 8 of the USSR Constitution 1924) were created (Chapter 8 of the USSR 1924): five all-union (on foreign affairs, on military and maritime affairs, foreign trade, communication, post office and telegraphs) and five united (Supreme Council of the national economy , Food, Labor, Finance and Workers' and Peasant Inspection). All-Union People's Commissaries had their authorized in the Union republics. The United Noncomcombs guided in the territory of the Union republics through the people's names to the same name. In other areas, the Office was carried out exclusively by the Federal Republics through the relevant republican addicts: agriculture, internal affairs, justice, educational, health care, social security.

The drug addicts of the USSR were headed by the people's commissars. Their activities combined the principles of collegiality and unity. At the addict, under his chairmanship, a board was formed, the members of which were appointed by the USSR SNK. The People's Commissar had the right and solely to make decisions, bringing them to the attention of the college. College or its individual members in the event of disagreement could appeal the decision of the People's Commissar in the USSR SCA, without suspending the execution of the decision.

The second session approved the composition of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and elected his chairman V. I. Lenin.

Since V. I. Lenin was sick, the leadership of the Council of People's Commissar was carried out by five of his deputies: L. B. Kamenev, A.I. Rykov, A. D. Tsyurup, V. Ya. Chubar, M. D. Orahlashvili. The Ukrainian Chubar has been from July 1923 by the Chairman of the Council of Justice of Ukraine, and Georgian Orazhelashvili Chairman of the Sovnarkom ZSFSR, so they performed, first of all, their direct responsibilities. From February 2, 1924, the Chairman of the USSR SCA will be Rykov. Rykov and Zureupa were Russian by nationality, and Kamenev - Jew. Of the five deputy councils, only Orachelashvili had a higher education, the remaining four - average. The USSR Council was a direct successor to SNK RSFSR. In addition to the chairman and five deputies to the first Council of the Union, there were also 10 addresses and the Chairman of the OGPU with the right of a deliberative voice. Naturally, when selecting the leaders of the Sovnarkom, there were problems related to the necessary representation from the Union republics.

There were also their problems in the formation of allied drug addicts. Drug addicts of the RSFSR on foreign affairs, foreign trade, communication, post office and telegraphs, in military and maritime affairs were converted to allied. The personnel composition of the addicts at the time was still formed mainly from the former employees of the Office of the Office and specialists of even pre-revolutionary time. For employees former to the revolution workers in 1921-1922. It accounted for only 2.7%, which was due to the lack of a sufficient number of competent workers. These employees automatically flowed from Russian addicts to allied with a very minor number of employees translated from the National Republics.

The Council of People's Commissars of the Federal Republic is formed by the Supreme Council of the Federal Republic of the Republic of: Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Federal Republic; Vice-Chairmen; Chairman of the State Planning Commission; Folk Commissars: Food Industry; Light industry; Forest industry; Agriculture; Grain and livestock state farms; Finance; Internal trading; Internal affairs; Justice; Health care; Enlightenment; Local industry; Utilities; Social security; Authorized committee of the billets; Chief of art administration; Authorized National Union People's Commissariators.

History of the legislative framework of SNK

According to the Constitution of the RSFSR of July 10, 1918, the activities of the SNK is:

· Management of general affairs of the RSFSR, the management of individual sectors of the Office (Article 35, 37)

· Edition of legislation and adoption of measures, "necessary for the right and rapid flow of public life." (Article 38)

The People's Commissar has the right to solely make decisions on all issues in the conduct of the Commissariat, bringing them to the attention of the board (Article 45).

All accepted decisions and decisions of the SNK reports the WTCIK (Article 39), which is entitled to suspend and cancel the decree or decision of the SNK (Article 40).

17 folk commissariats are created (in the constitution, this figure is erroneously specified, since in the list presented in Art. 43, they are numbered 18).

· According to foreign affairs;

· Military affairs;

· For maritime cases;

· By internal affairs;

· Justice;

· Social security;

· Enlightenment;

· Post and telegraphs;

· For nationalities;

· According to financial affairs;

· Communication paths;

· Agriculture;

· Trade and industry;

· Food;

· State control;

· Supreme Council of the national economy;

· Health.

With the formation of the USSR in December 1922 and the creation of the Union Government, the Soviet Union of the RSFSR becomes the executive and administrative body of the state authority of the Russian Federation. The organization, composition, competence and procedure for the activities of the SNK were identified by the Constitution of the USSR 1924 and the Constitution of the RSFSR 1925.

From this point on, the composition of SNK was changed in connection with the transfer of a number of powers to the Union agencies. 11 folk commissariates were established:

· Internal trade;

· Finance

· Interior

· Justice

· Enlightenment

· Health

· Agriculture

· Social security

The SNK of the RSFSR was now included with the right of a decisive or advisory voice, authorized by the USSR drug addicts under the Government of the RSFSR. SNK RSFSR allocated, in turn, permanent representative in the USSR SCA. (According to SU, 1924, N 70, Art. 691.) From February 22, 1924, the SNK RSFSR and SCA of the USSR have a single business management. (According to TsGAOR USSR, f. 130, op. 25, d. 5, l. 8.)

With the introduction of the Constitution of the RSFSR of January 21, 1937, SNK RSFSR is reported only by the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, during its sessions - the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR.

From October 5, 1937, the composition of the SNK of the RSFSR consists of 13 folk commissariates (the data of the CSA RSFSR, f. 259, op. 1, d. 27, l. 204.):

· Food Industry

· Light industry

· Forest industry

· Agriculture

· Grain Sovzhozov

· Livestock household goods

· Finance

· Internal trade

· Justice

· Health

· Enlightenment

· Local industry

· Municipal economy

· Social security

Also, the composition of the SNK included the Chairman of the State Institution of the State Institution of the RSFSR and the Head of Arts Affairs at SNK RSFSR