Connecting a reflux and an additional refrigerator. Which is a reflux for the moonshine, its homemade manufacturer. Principle of operation of casing tube heat exchangers and their scope

A homemade master in the manufacture of strong alcoholic beverages must correctly determine the desired end result. If the master is important speed and low cost of equipment, the device will be simple: a distillation cube and a refrigerator.

If he wants to get the highest quality product at the exit, peeled from the sealed oils and a fortress above 70 degrees, it is necessary to use various additional nodes: an armhire, a bubbler or a reflux.

Deflegmator - apparatus for additional cleansing of alcohol-containing steam. Couple, which, when heated, the Braga is formed in a distillation Cuba, contains not only alcohol, but also heavier impurities of the sigh oil and water. If pairs are cooling, these heavy impurities are condensed, and this condensate is called phlegm. The process of discharge of phlegm from a pair is refluxing.

Determination of an intelligent dictionary of foreign words ed. Rat: "Deflegmation [DE], and, MN. No, g. [Him. DEFLEGMATION.< лат. dē… от…, раз… + греч. phlegma мокрота, влага]. тех. Частичная конденсация смесей различных паров и газов с целью обогащения их низкокипящими компонентами.»

FLEGMA also contains a certain amount of alcohol, so with different designs of moonshine devices, it is possible to refund phlegm to the distillation cube.

Work mechanism (for what is needed)

The classic scheme of the moonshine Cube-refrigerator turns into a Cube-Defgram-Red Refrigerator Cube. The order of the system is as follows:

Braga heats up in CubaThe light fractions are evaporated from it - alcohol, fusion oils, water.
Steam is cooled in a reflux. Installed in Cuba. Flegm enters the cube. where re-evaporates.
Arykharnik - Empty CapacityThrough which steam passes. It is needed to separate the splashes of Braga and the hardest condensation. The deflegemator can be installed here. Then phlegm will be collected and utilized.
Barbotter for appointment and design Looks like a surgear, the difference is that it is designed so that the couples pass through the water, cooling and cleaning. If a deflectman is installed on a bubbler, the pair barbotation will pass through phlegm. Not clean water.
In the refrigerator alcohol finally condensed and assembled in liquid form in the receiver.

Video Review of the Glass Refrigerator:

Where is installed?

The deflements can also be installed on the capacity of the heightar or bubbler. Then phlegm will not be collected in Cuba, which will provide a cleaner product at the exit, but some of the alcohol will remain in phlegm. In some sources, a reflux is confused with an amar furnace, but still these are different appliances.

The deflegemator is installed:

On distilted Cuba. In this case, we get the similarity of the distillation column.
On a surchant. In this case, it needs to be equipped with a crane for draining the accumulated fluid.
On the bubbler. It is better to make it transparent in this case so that you can watch the steam bubbles passing through phlegm. And also monitor the level of accumulated phlegm.

Device cooler for the moonshine:

For example, consider the deflegemator of the dimroid. This is a classic laboratory equipment, taken, as a rule, from heat-resistant double laboratory glass. It is the main tube, sought the glass coil. This design is placed in a flask that protects against mechanical damage.

The main tube is installed on a cube or a drill vertically that phlegm stamped due to gravity down. Couple, passing through the main tube, cooled with cold water from the coil. For feeding and breeding water, the coil must be equipped with fittings. Such systems are also called casing.

We make your own hands

In homemade moonshine, not everyone applies deflections. But this leads to a deterioration in the quality of the resulting alcohol, or to the use of double distillation. In addition, the deflectman is easy to produce, and it will last for quite a long time.

The home master can make a reflux both casing and shirt. In a shirtless deflegram instead of a serpent, a simple water shirt will be used. In any case, to make a deflectman, you will need soldering skills or welding.

Note: When choosing a material for a reflux, you need to know that the main tube must be made of glass, food stainless steel or copper.

These materials are not oxidized and not change the taste of the resulting alcohol. Shirt or snake can be made from any other materials.

Watch the video How to make the simplest refrigerator for moonshine in 15 minutes:

The shell-and-tube reflux consists of the main tube and the coil on it. As the main tube, you can use a simple tube of stainless steel or copper.
The length of the tube depends on the production volumes, for homemade moonshings, a sufficiently inch tube 25 cm. Long.
The diameter can be increased, reduce length.
The thinner and longer tube, the longer the distillation will go, and above the degree of cleaning.
But if a deflectman will cool too much pairs, then you will not get the result completely - all alcohols will flock back into the cube.

Make a cover-tube reflux easy:

A copper tube 6 mm in diameter is hung on the main tube.
Navigalkive length - 15 - 20 cm.
The tube is fixed with plastic or clamping clamps, you can wear a foam or foam insulation that is used for the diameter of the diameter or foam insulation, which is used to insulate the heating systems.
Water for cooling is served on the copper tube.
All - a reflux is ready.

A more efficient reflegemaker can be made of several tubes of a small diameter placed shirt with running water .. In such a design, there are a large area of \u200b\u200bcontact with cold walls, which makes the work of a reflux efficient.

This is done like this:

The tubes of a small diameter are collected in a cassette, which externally resembles a revolver drum.
If you use this analogy, steam is passing on the cartridge sleeves, and the coolant coolant circulates in the drum housing.
This design is complex in manufacturing, to build such a design you need to use stainless steel welding or braid.

What to replace?

If you do or purchase a deflector problematic, you can replace it with the simplest bubbler.

This takes a simple glass bank (preferably at least 1 liter) with a twisting lid. Two holes are drilled in the lid - intake and graduation.
The holes are inserted into the holes, while on the inlet, the tube is lowered almost to the bottom, and the graduation tube is located at the lid itself.
It is important to carefully seal the bog of the tubes and the lid. To do this, you can use cold welding or soldering.
About one third of cold water is poured into the jar. The mechanism of the bubbler is simple: steam under pressure passes through the tube, passes through the thickness of the water. At the same time, it is cooled, the fusion oils are condensed and dissolved in water.
A part of the alcohol dissolves in water, but this is not a problem: water when working heats up from a hot steam, and the alcohol is repeatedly evaporated from the surface of the jar. It should be noted that the deflements has several advantages over the bubbler, for example, the ability to adjust the intensity of the reflux process.

Look at the video where the Chinese moonshine cooler is understandable, it was always interesting from what they do at the factory:

Industrial devices

In the alcohol industry, the use of deflegrants is a prerequisite. At the same time there are various species - direct and reverse action.

Direct action - phlegm enters a separate tank, and does not participate in the process.
Reverse - phlegm is served in a distillation cube, evaporates again and again, evaporating alcohol residues. At the same time, special alcohol traps and ventilation systems are used.

The main purpose of the deflegram is to reduce the time and number of technological operations, to increase the original quality of products. The reflux shares couples into several fractions. Couple, passing through the blades and radiators, twisted and cooled. The temperature mode control is automatically carried out using sensors and controllers.

As a result, after the device, steam contains basically alcohol and a small part of the water - the alcohol strength can reach 70-90 degrees.

Conclusion

So, the use of intermediate refrigerators - deflements - it is necessary if you need to get better alcohol with minimal cost.

Using this device must necessarily if the quality of the brotherhood is low, there are extraneous smells or the high content of the sigh oil is felt. At the same time, the simplest structures are easy to make with their own hands, or order with argon welders.

The most common type of heat exchanger in the industry is a casing. The variant of its design depends on the tasks facing users. The casing does not have to be a multi-tube - a conventional shirtless deflector, direct-flow (a) or countercurrent (b) refrigerator type "pipe in a pipe" is also a casing.

One-way heat exchangers with cross-current movement movement (B) are also applied. But the most effective and frequently used for multi-tube heat exchangers is a multi-part crossing scheme (g).

With this scheme, one flow of liquid or steam moves through the pipes, and to meet it zigzago-like, repeatedly crosses the pipes, the second coolant moves. It is a hybrid of countercurrent and cross-embodiments, which allows the heat exchanger to make the heat exchanger as compact and efficient.

Principle of operation of casing tube heat exchangers and their scope

In the moonshine, multi-flow crossing refrigerators are called casing (KCT), and their single-tube variant is an opposite or direct-flow refrigerator. Accordingly, when using these structures as deflements - casing and shirtless deflections.

In homemade moonshine, the margin and distillation columns, the steam supply is carried out in these heat exchangers in the inner pipes, and the cooling water in the casing. Any industrial heat engineering designer would be outraged, since it is precisely in pipes that can create high heat carrier speeds, significantly increasing the heat transfer and the efficiency of the installation. However, the Vinokurov has its own goals and not always need a high efficiency.

For example, in deflements for steam columns, on the contrary, it is necessary to mitigate the temperature gradient, the condensation zone is as much as possible, and, by condroncing the necessary part of the steam, preventing the supercooling of phlegm. Yes, and accurately adjust this process. Other criteria come to the fore.

Among the refrigerators used in the moonshine, coils, straight pieces and housing cutters were most common. Each of them has its own scope.

For devices with low (up to 1.5-2 l / h), the most rational use of small flowing coils is the most efficient. In the absence of running water, coils also give odds to other options. The classic option is a snake in a bucket with water. If there is a water supply and performance of the device up to 6-8 l / h, then the advantage have direct eroders, designed according to the "pipe in a pipe" principle, but with a very small annular gap (about 1-1.5 mm). A steam tube spiral-shaped wire with a step of 2-3 cm, which center the steam tube and lengthens the coolant path. With heating capacities up to 4-5 kW, this is the most economical option. The casing, definitely, can replace the forwarder, but the cost of manufacturing and water consumption will be higher.

The casing protrudes on the forefront of autonomous cooling systems, since it is completely undemanding to water pressure. As a rule, the usual aquarium pump is enough for successful work. In addition, with heating capacity from 5-6 kW and above, the casing-tube refrigerator becomes a practically non-alternative option, since the length of the direct-flow refrigerator for utilization of high capacities will be irrational.

Cover-tube reflux

For deflectors of the brightened columns, the situation is somewhat different. At small, up to 28-30 mm, the column diameters is the most rational ordinary shirt (in principle the same casing).

For diameters 40-60 mm, the leader becomes a high-precision cooler with a clear adjustability of power and an absolute mad closer. Dymrot allows you to adjust the modes with the smallest supercooling of phlegm. When working with the planted columns, it, due to its design, makes it possible to center the reflex return, best irrigate nozzle.

The shell-cutting is on the foreground with autonomous cooling systems. The irrigation of the felm nozzle is not at the center of the column, but throughout the plane. It is less efficient than that of the dimroid, but quite acceptable. Water consumption with this mode in the shellotube, it will be significantly higher than the dimroid.

If you need a condenser for a liquid selection column, then Dymrot is out of competition due to the accuracy of adjustment and small supercooling of phlegm. The shell-cutting is also used for these purposes, but the supercooling of phlegm is difficult to avoid and water consumption will be higher.

The main reason for the popularity of the leather-cutting manufacturers of household apparatus is that they are more versatile to use, and their parts are easily unified. In addition, the use of shell-and-tube deflements in the "Designer" or "transverse" type apparatus.

Calculation of the parameters of the cover-tube reflux

The calculation of the necessary area of \u200b\u200bheat exchange can be performed on a simplified method.

1. Determine the heat transfer coefficient.

Name	Layer thickness H, m	Specific thermal conductivity λ, W / (m * k)	Thermal resistance R, (m 2 K) / W
Metal Contact Zone (R1)			0,00001
	0,001	17	0,00006
FLEGMA (the average film thickness in the condensation zone for a reflux of 0.5 mm, for the refrigerator - 0.8 mm) , (R3)	0,0005	1	0,0005
			0,0001
			0,00067
		1493

Formulas for calculations:

R \u003d H / λ, (M2 K) / W;

RS \u003d R1 + R2 + R3 + R4, (M2 K) / W;

K \u003d 1 / RS, W / (M2 K).

2. Determine the average temperature difference between steam and cooling water.

The temperature of a saturated alcohol vapor TP \u003d 78,15 ° C.

The maximum power from the deflegemator is needed in the operation of the column on itself, which is accompanied by maximum water supply and its minimum temperature at the output. Therefore, we will take that the temperature of water at the entrance to the shell-cutting (15 - 20) - T1 \u003d 20 ° C, at the outlet (25 - 40) - T2 \u003d 30 ° C.

TVh \u003d TP - T1;

Yours \u003d TP - T2;

The average temperature (TSR) is considered by the formula:

TCR \u003d (TV) / LN (TVX / yours).

That is, in our case rounded:

Your \u003d 48 ° C.

TSR \u003d (58 - 48) / Ln (58/48) \u003d 10 / ln (1.21) \u003d 53 ° C.

3. Calculate the area of \u200b\u200bheat exchange. Based on the known heat transfer coefficient (K) and the average temperature (TSR), we determine the necessary surface area for heat exchange (ST) for the required thermal power (N), W.

St \u003d N / (TSR * K), m 2;

If we, for example, need to dispose of 1800 watts, then St \u003d 1800 / (53 * 1493) \u003d 0.0227 m 2, or 227 cm 2.

4. Geometric calculation. Determine the minimum diameter of the tubes. In the reflux of phlegm goes to meet a pair, so the conditions must be observed for its free flowing into the nozzle without excessive hypothermia. If you make a tube of too small diameter, you can provoke a disconnect or emission of phlegm into the zone over the deflector and further into the selection, then you can simply forget about good cleaning from impurities.

The minimum total section of the tubes at a given power is considered by the formula:

Sset \u003d n * 750 / v, mm 2, where

N - power (kW);

750 - vaporization (see 3 / s kW);

V - steam speed (m / s);

SEEC - minimum cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200btubes (mm 2)

When calculating column-type distillers, the heating power is chosen on the basis of the maximum steam speed in the column 1-2 m / s. It is believed that if the speed exceeds 3 m / s, then the pair will chant phlegm up the column and throw it into the selection.

If you need to dispose of 1.8 kW in the deflegemator:

Sset \u003d 1.8 * 750/3 \u003d 450 mm 2.

If you do a reflux with 3 tubes, it means that the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bone tube is not less than 450/3 \u003d 150 mm 2, the inner diameter is 13.8 mm. The nearest larger of the standard sizes of pipes - 16 x 1 mm (internal diameter 14 mm).

With the known diameter of pipes D (cm) we find the minimum needed summary length:

L \u003d S / (3.14 * D);

L \u003d 227 / (3.14 * 1.6) \u003d 45 cm.

If we do 3 tubes, the length of the deflegemaker should be about 15 cm.

The length is corrected considering that the distance between partitions should be roughly equal to the inner radius of the case. If the number of partitions is even, the nozzles for supplying and draining the water will be on the opposite sides, and if the odd is on one side of the reflux.

The increase or decrease in the length of the pipes within the size of the radius of household columns will not create problems with the controllability or the power of the reflux, since it corresponds to the errors in the calculation and can be compensated by further constructive solutions. You can consider options from 3, 5, 7 or more tubes, then select the optimal one from your point of view.

Constructive features of the shell-tube heat exchanger

Partitions

The distance between partitions is approximately equal to the radius of the case. The smaller this distance, the greater the flow rate and the possibility of the occurrence of congestion zones.

Partitions direct the stream across the tubes, it significantly increases the efficiency and power of the heat exchanger. Also, partitions prevent the cutting of the tubes under the influence of heat loads and increase the rigidity of the shell-tube reflux.

In partitions, segments are cut for water passage. Segments must be no less than the area of \u200b\u200bthe section of the water supply. Usually this value is about 25-30% of the partition area. In any case, the segments should ensure equality of water speed throughout the trajectory of movement, both in the pipe beam and the gap between the bundle and the case.

For a reflux, despite its small (150-200 mm) length, it makes sense to make several partitions. If their number is even, the fittings will be on the opposite sides, if the odd is on one side of the reflux.

When installing transverse partitions, it is important to provide as a smaller gap between the case and the partition.

Tubes

The thickness of the walls of the tubes does not matter. The difference in heat transfer coefficient for the wall thickness of 0.5 and 1.5 mm is negligible. On the fact of the tube are thermally transparent. The choice between copper and stainless steel, from the point of view of thermal conductivity, also loses its meaning. When choosing, you need to proceed from operational or technological properties.

When the pipe board marking is guided by the fact that the distances between the axes of the tubes should be the same. They are usually placed in the vertices and on the sides of the right triangle or hexagon. For these schemes, at the same step, it is possible to place the maximum number of tubes. The central tube most often becomes problematic if the distances between the tubes in the beam are not the same.

The figure shows an example of the correct location of the holes.

For convenience of welding, the distance between the tubes should not be done less than 3 mm. To ensure the strength of the compounds, the pipe lattice material must be more solid than the material of the pipes, and the gap between the grid and pipes is not more than 1.5% of the diameter of the pipes.

When welding, the ends of the pipes must perform above the grille at the distance equal to the wall thickness. In our examples - by 1 mm, it will make it possible to make high-quality seam by paying the pipe.

Calculation of the parameters of the cover-tube refrigerator

The main difference of the leather-tube refrigerator from the reflux is that phlegm in the refrigerator flows in one direction with steam, so the phlegm layer in the condensation zone increases from the minimum to the maximum more smoothly, and its average thickness is somewhat more.

For calculations, we recommend to set a thickness of 0.8 mm. In the deflegemator, the same way is on the contrary - at the beginning of the thick layer of phlegm, which soldered from the whole surface, meets couples and practically does not allow him to fully condense. Then, overcoming this barrier, steam enters the zone with minimal, order of 0.5 mm thick, phlegm film. This is the thickness at the level of its dynamic retention, condensation occurs mainly in this zone.

Accepting the average thickness of the phlegm layer equal to 0.8 mm, we consider the features of calculating the parameters of the cover-tube refrigerator on a simplified technique.

Name	Layer thickness H, m	Specific thermal conductivity λ, W / (m * k)	Thermal resistance R, (m 2 K) / W
Metal contact zone with water, (R1)			0,00001
Metal tubes (stainless steel λ \u003d 17, copper - 400), (R2)	0,001	17	0,00006
FLEGMA, (R3)	0,0008	1	0,001
Metal contact area with steam, (R4)			0,0001
Total thermal resistance, (RS)			0,00117
Coefficient of heat transfer, (K)		855,6

The maximum power requirements for the refrigerator places the first distillation for which the calculation makes. Useful heating capacity - 4.5 kW. The temperature of water at the inlet - 20 ° C, at the outlet - 30 ° C, steam - 92 ° C.

TVh \u003d 92 - 20 \u003d 72 ° C;

Yours \u003d 92 - 30 \u003d 62 ° C;

TSR \u003d (72 - 62) / Ln (72/62) \u003d 67 ° C.

Square heat exchange:

St \u003d 4500 / (67 * 855.6) \u003d 787 cm².

The minimum total pipe cross section:

S sech \u003d 4.5 * 750/10 \u003d 338 mm²;

Select the 7-pipe refrigerator. Single area of \u200b\u200bone pipe: 338/7 \u003d 48 mm or inner diameter of 8 mm. From the standard range of pipes, 10x1 mm is suitable (with an inner diameter of 8 mm).

Attention! When calculating the length of the refrigerator, an external diameter is needed - 10 mm.

Determine the length of the refrigerator tubes:

L \u003d 787 / 3.14 / 1 \u003d 250 cm, therefore, the length of one tube: 250/7 \u003d 36 cm.

We carry out the clarification of the length: if the refrigerator housing is made of a pipe with an inner diameter of 50 mm, then between the partitions there should be 25 mm.

36 / 2,5 = 14,4.

Therefore, it is possible to make 14 partitions and get no pipes for the input-output of water in different directions, or 15 partitions and nozzles will look in one direction, also slightly grow power. Select 15 partitions and correct the length of the tubes to 37.5 mm.

Drawings of shell-tube deflements and refrigerators

Manufacturers are not in a hurry to share their drawings of the shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and the home masters do not really need them, but still some schemes are in public affairs.

Afterword

We should not forget that all of the above is the theoretical calculation on the simplified method. Heat engineering calculations are much more complicated, but in the real household range of changes in heating capacities and other parameters, the technique gives correct results.

In practice, the coefficient of heat transfer may be different. For example, due to the increased roughness of the inner surface of the pipes, the layer of phlegm will be higher than the calculated, or the refrigerator will be located not vertically, and at an angle, which will change its characteristics. Many options.

The calculation allows you to accurately determine the size of the heat exchanger, check how to influence the characteristics change in the diameter of pipes and reject all the unfit or guaranteed worst options.

The edge of the eye saw on one of the forums another discussion of the topic "How to serve water in the refrigerator, towards a couple or in passing", in which they referred to my article about the construction of the BC. I did not touch this topic before, so I decided to set out my opinion separately in this article.

In the design of the BC, the water is supplied to the device from below and it turns out that it falls into the deflegemator along the way (direct flow), and in the refrigerator to meet (countertocks). Is it correct? The classical theory of heat exchangers states that countercurrent heat exchangers are effective direct-flow. This can be illustrated with a picture.

Figure A shows a straight-flow heat exchanger, in the figure B - countercurrent. As can be seen from the temperature graphs, with countercurrent, the temperature of the hot heat carrier A at the output below (point y), and the cold B is higher (point z) than when direct flow. This fact is explained by the fact that in the direct-flow heat and the temperature of the coolants are aligned to some mean value, and in the countercurrent - the temperature of the hot coolant approaches the temperature of the cold and vice versa. Delta temperatures (thermal flow) in the event of a countercurrent heat exchanger turns out more. Accordingly, the effectiveness of countercurrent is higher, it can be made more compact (or it will be more efficient for the same size). Everything seems to be clear.

But, as always, there are exceptions to the general rule. In this case, this exception states that if the temperature of one of the coolants changes does not change continuously, but only to a certain value (which happens when condensation or evaporation), then the thermal stream with different connectivity options becomes the same. In the case of a reflux, it happens. Our task is to maintain a certain temperature of steam (for steam selection - the boiling point of alcohol, for liquid - its condensation temperature, actually it is almost the same temperature). In the case of a direct refrigerator (I incorrectly call it in other articles, although it may be counterpetual) the task is somewhat different - to condense the product and then cool it to the cooling water temperature, i.e. Classically "heat exchange". It turns out that the BC deflector does not care how to connect, and the refrigerator must be connected to meet.

There is another moment here. In water, dissolved gas is always present, which, when increasing the temperature, seeks to free themselves and "convulsion" is formed in the system up to traffic jams. Therefore, in a shirtless deflector, it is more expedient to supply water from below, excluding convolution - the flow of water takes out air bubbles. With small ducts over a reflux, you can observe the formation of air bubble at the very top of the removal silicone tube in the midst of the process - this is the most.

In this way The connection of water supply in the BC is advisable to do from the bottom - in the deflector (forward flow) and towards the refrigerator (countertock).

However, despite the widespread use of these names, if you analyze numerous information on the Internet, then on the assignment of these devices there is a widespread confusion. Especially a lot of discrepancies are observed according to the functions and essence of the work of the deflegram and an ammunition. Let's deal with and start with Azov.

Rectification and distillation

Distillation - This is evaporation with the subsequent condensation of vapors. This is what happens when using the moonshine apparatus of the simplest type.
Rectification - separation of the mixture on the fraction due to the countercurrent movement of the steam and the same steam condensed into the liquid (phlegm).

Thus, it can be seen that during distillation of steam, formed when the liquid is boiling, the direct flow enters the condenser. As a result, we get a homogeneous mixture containing both alcohol and water, and the fusion oils. The content of alcohol increases due to the fact that it evaporates at lower temperatures and faster than water and other fractions.

During the rectification, part of the condensed pair flows backwards towards the locked capacity, heats up from the newly formed steam and repeatedly evaporates. As a result of the process of rewarding, the distilled liquid is divided into components. In the case of a moonshine: Syvous oils, water and alcohol we need. The degree of separation depends on the execution of the distillation column.

Looking a little forward, let's say that a reflux for the moonshine is one of the elements included in the device of the distillation column.

Handle and swap-plants

Actually, these are two names of the same element. They are also known as bidders. Both the hectare and the mococarbon are structurally constitute a thin-walled closed capacity of a small volume with two steam pipes at the top: input and output.

In the lower part of the collection, the crane for resetting the spent condensate is embedded. However, often takes make from glass cans, then, naturally, there can be no speech about the crane. Drain of the accumulated fluid is made through the neck and only at the end of distillation.

Simple red row from bank

The constructive difference between the wet and an ammunarnik is one thing: in the wet, the yield of the introductory nozzle is lowered to the bottom, so that the pairs from the distilted cube "helped" through the liquid poured into the container. Hence, often the siroparnik is also called a bubbler.

How it works

Couple falls into the container and due to the temperature difference begins to condense on the walls and drain on the bottom.
As the heating chassis is heated with a new ferry, the condensation intensity decreases, part of the pair begins to go into the selection.
At the same time, condensate begins to heat up and reubook and also go into selection.
At a certain point, only the "dirty" phlegm is already located on the bottom, which is better to reset through the crane and start the cycle from the beginning.
If the valve is missing, then the option is one - the selection before washing, i.e. At the exit, we get a "dirty" product.

Both options and "discharge", and "selection to the victorious" to good do not include - at the exit, we still get not the highest quality product. In fact, the surfactant performs only two useful functions:

does not give pairs of braga to get into the selection;
due to the stirring, the product strength increases slightly.

Is it possible to increase the effectiveness of the bidder? It is possible, but it is necessary to change its device: the case should be located above the distillation cube, and the condensate reset is carried out directly into the cube. Only it will not be an armor, but a decent unmanaged deflectman.

How the deflector is arranged

The deflector device in the simplest form is two welded tubes of different diameters mounted vertically on a distillation cube. In the shirt between them circulates the coolant (water) and the smaller tube serves as a highway to exit the alcohol-containing steam.

To explain the principle of operation of this device, we conclude that the distilled fluid has 2 components having different boiling points. The separation on the fraction is as follows:

At the initial stage, the cooling starts at full capacity and before heating the locked cube, the device works "on itself." That is, the liquid evaporating from the tank condenses, forms a thin film on the walls and flows towards the rising pair back to the cube. In its path, she warms up the newly formed steam and partially evaporates - this is the "renovation"
After the temperature in the container reaches a temperature sufficient to boil both fractions, two areas are formed inside the design:
The top, where pairs of fractions with low boiling point are condensed.
Lower - condensation area The second component.
In the main refrigerator, nothing does not fall, that is, there is no selection yet.
The evaporation temperature and condensation of each fraction are known. Now you can change the cooling mode so that the point of evaporation of the first fraction is at the top slice of the reflux.
The selection of the 1st component of the mixture begins.
After the low-temperature fraction is selected, the mode changes again and the second part of the mixture is selected.

The method allows to divide the fluid on any number of components having a different boiling point. The inertial process, and change the cooling mode is better very accurate, slow and stepped.

Deflegmator Dimrota

The separating ability of the deflegram depends on the size of the area of \u200b\u200bcontact with the ferry and the accuracy of adjustment. The principle of functioning is the same for all types of these devices, they differ only constructively.

The one has been described in the previous section is a direct-current film type refrigerator. The design is simple in the manufacture and fairly effective. But she has shortcomings - a slight area of \u200b\u200binteraction, which, with the deflection of the design from the vertical, is generally striving for zero. The second is the difficulty of adjusting the temperature of steam. Partly of these shortcomings are deprived of the design of the dimroid.

The deflegemator of the dimroid is a glass or metal flask, in the center of which is a spiral tube. It circulates water and phlegm is condensed on it.

The principle of operation is the same, but it is obvious that such a design even on the eye has a large area of \u200b\u200bthe contact of steam and liquid than the film apparatus. In addition, the interaction of phlegm and the pair occurs in the center of the flask, where its temperature is maximum. Consequently, the product at the output will be cleaner and strong.

Why did the DimroT reflux or a film deflector for the moonshine are most often used? This is due to the properties of the initial raw materials - Braga. If with its distillation, it is to use the most efficient molding column with a large area of \u200b\u200bthe filler, then after half an hour, the filler will be contaminated so much that no distillation becomes impossible.