How to melt a plastic bottle at home. How to recycle plastic bottles in non-industrial conditions and what can be made of them for the organization of business, as well as useful tips. Modern small business equipment

Plastic masses plastics - materials Based on polymers capable of acquiring a given form when heated under pressure and keep it after cooling. May contain fillers, plasticizers, stabilizers, pigments, lubricants, etc. Components. Depending on the nature of the transformations occurring with the polymer during its processing in the product, are divided into thermoplastics (the most important of these - plastics based on polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyamides, polycarbonates, polytetrafluoroethylene) and reactors (the most large-capacity - phenoplasts, wide Plastics based on epoxy resins, polyester resins, silicone polymers, etc.) are also used.

Plastics are distinguished, in addition, by type of polymer (eg, aminoplasts, entrorals), filler (eg, fiberglass, carbon filling) and on the operational, characteristics (antifriction, atmospheric, thermo-, fire-resistant, etc.).

The main methods of processing thermoplastics - injection molding, extrusion, vacuum and pneumatic formation; Reactoplasts - pressing and casting under pressure.

The most valuable properties of plastics: low density, high electrical insulating and thermal insulation characteristics, resistance in aggressive media, high mechanical strength With different types of mechanical loads.

Plastics are the most important structural materials of modern technology used in all industries, at railway and other types of transport, in construction, agriculture, medicine and everyday life.

The main mass of polymers is organic substances, however, there are also many inorganic and elementanganic polymers. A characteristic feature of the polymer is that in the formation of its molecule, a large number of identical or different molecules of low molecular weight substances are connected - monomers. This leads to the fact that a long chain molecule is obtained, which is called a macromolecule. The components of its low molecular weight repeating structural units, or elementary links, are connected by durable chemical bonds. The macromolecules themselves are related to the weak physical intermolecular forces.

The chain structure of the macromolecules and the different nature of bonds along and between the chains determines the complex of the special physicochemical properties of polymer material, such as, for example, the simultaneous combination of strength, lightness and elasticity in it, the ability to form films and fibers. The chain structure of the macromolecules is also responsible for the fact that polymers can swell significantly in liquids, with a number of systems, intermediate between solid and liquid. Polymer solutions are distinguished by increased viscosity.

The compound of monomers in the macromolecule occurs as a result of chemical reactions that proceed according to the laws of chain or step processes. The number of repeated links in the macromolecule determines the molecular weight of the polymer, which can be tens, hundreds of thousands and millions of carbon units. No matter how the reaction was obtained by the polymer, it always consists of a set of macromolecules, different in size, therefore the molecular weight of the polymer is estimated by some medium size,

When processing, which is usually carried out at elevated temperatures, in the polymer, as a rule, various necessary additives are introduced, such as plasticizers, fillers, stabilizers, properties modifiers and others.

Main types of plastics

Main types of plastics	Main characteristics	Scope of plastics
Low-density polyethylene PND	Lightweight, durable, flexible material with low gas and water permeability, good dielectric. Under certain conditions, has a high chemical resistance to organic solvents and aggressive environments. Melting point 105-115ºС Frost resistance -70ºС	Applied to manufacture: Films, insulation of wires and cables, children's toys, domestic products, medical and cosmetic packaging, water packaging, juices, detergents etc.
Polyethylene high density PVD.	Compared with PND, PVD is characterized by a higher heat resistance, fire resistance, increased indicators of physicomechanical characteristics during stretching and bending. Melting point 125-135ºС Frost resistance -70ºС Separate grades of this plastic can be operated at temperatures from -260 ° C to + 120ºС. Separate grades of this plastic have persistence to cracking, chemical resistance in the most aggressive media.	It is used for the manufacture of pipelines, corrosion-resistant equipment, cosmetic and medical packaging, in the production of automotive gas tanks, in the manufacture of packaging for meat and fish products.
Polypropylene PP	PP is more rigid plastic than polyethylene. Melting point of this plastic 170ºС, and the temperature range of operation from -10º to + 140ºС, so products from this plastic may be sterilized Frost resistance of certain types of this plastic can be increased to -60ºС	It is widely used for the manufacture of various types of medical packaging. Different technical details.
PS polystyrene	This plastic is distinguished by high dielectric properties, optical transparency, low heat resistance (up to 70 ° C) and low shock viscosity, is well processed into the product injection molding and extrusion.	It is used in the production of products of electronic, electrical and radio industries, consumer goods, as well as sheets, profiles and films.
ABS plastics	Compared to shock-resistant brands of polystyrene ABS plastics have increased heat resistance, impact strength and chemicalness. These plastics have high resistance to oils, glycerin, alkalis, acids, atmospheric aging. Separate plastics brands have sufficiently high transparency. Melting point 190-230 ° C.	Applied in the production of products in the automotive industry, instrument making, all kinds of office equipment, medical equipment, etc.
Polyamide PA	Polyamides belong to structural plastics; They are characterized by excellent resistance to oils, gasoline, kerosene, high chemical resistance to alkaline media, high-resistantness. The disadvantages of this type of plastics include instability of dimensions under conditions of operation associated with rather significant water absorption. Melting point 180-260 ° C.	Applied in the production of technical products.
Polycarbonate PC	Polycarbonate refers to structural plastics; It is characterized by high strength characteristics, especially under the action of shock loads, low water absorption, high dielectric characteristics, high optical transparency. Temperature interval of operating PC from -100ºС to + 135ºС	It is used in mechanical engineering, instrument making, for the manufacture of various hull products. Due to its high transparency, this plastic is used in medicine and in the manufacture of food packaging.
Polyvinyl chloride PVC	The marching range of this plastic is very wide. Divide on hard PVC This plastic water-resistant plastic has good dielectric properties. There are no low shock strength and low operating temperature (not higher than 70-80ºС) to disadvantages. And elastic PVC This plastic is characterized by high elasticity in a wide range of temperatures (from -60ºС to + 100ºС), good dielectric characteristics, high water, benzo and oil resistance.	These plastics are used for the manufacture of pipes, hoses, various types of profiles, insulating gaskets, medical products, etc.

come back

Work with PVC. How to bend it and grind.

Today we will soften, bend and swee down PVC.

And again, before you start, I want to note that during the heating of PVCs are distinguished by evaporation harmful to the body. For this, heated PVC in a well-ventilated room, use the mask and do not use the furnace to heat the PVC in which you cook food.

Choose glue

To glue various parts from PVC to each other, we will with the help of a superclone. You can use the first one from the Soyphrine, helium, liquid, and even at least the omnipresent 401 glue. He will also suit.

Why superclauses? Everything is simple. Firstly, he dries very quickly, which saves you a lot of time, and in the second, glued places will even stronger than PVC himself. So it is good and to strengthen.

For example, we will make a simple shoe

At first, it is necessary to get some refs, which is quite obvious. Make a shoe from scratch, not very effective.

Now we need patterns. For their manufacture, we use cardboard. Just apply, pretend and cut up too much. When the shape of us will more than arrange, transferred to PVC.
We also need a shoe boot.

Types of automotive plastics

I think it is not difficult to guess how to make a pattern for him.

Armed with a stationery knife and gently cut the part. You should get something similar to the drawing above.

Now glue the details together. Glue apply a thin homogeneous strip. Do not pour it from the bucket, everything is necessary in moderation. Adhesive heights on the edges are unlikely to add beauty to the mustache.

If your parts are not particularly suitable for each other and there are gaps between the surfaces, it can happen that somewhere they will not stick. In this case, you need a knife to adjust the details to the degree of maximum tickle to each other. Then slightly sanding the glued surface of the sandpaper (this will help glue it is better to grab) and glue the details to each other again.

After you glued the side, cut the edges so that there are no sticking corners.

By the way, when applying glue, make it a continuous line or zigzag. This will ensure uniform coating and gluing surfaces. If you apply glue with points, then later, after heating, you can wait for an unpleasant surprise in the form of wavy surfaces.

If you need to apply any pattern or engraving, then it is better to do it before heating and flexing PVC. You will just be more convenient, believe me.

Now, proceed to the most interesting part.

Prepare a little foil. On it we will put our item.

Heat oven up to 225 degrees.

And finally, place the details in the oven. Now you can wear gloves. After 3-5 minutes, your PVC will be soft and pliable. Delive to warm items rather and begin to bend them with your hands or using harvested forms.

Some words about forms. For them, almost everything will be used. Licking the surface could be withstanding not very high, but still temperatures. In the end, you can bend PVC even on your own body. The main thing is that you separated you a layer of clothing.

You can talk long and say a lot about how to bend PVC, but in my opinion, it is better to see once. For this, I prepared for you this video:

(Editorial note: In general, it does not say anything useful, so it does not need a video)

After you gave details fit form, arming with emery paper and begin to process the edges of the side. Your task is rounded the edges so that the pitch looks more naturalistic.

With the help of glue, the same, you can eliminate small cavities and scratches. Just apply some glue on them and distribute it with a thin layer on the surface. Then read all the shallow sandpaper.

Also with glue, it is good to mask the gaps. Just repeat the procedure for applying glue on the slot and stripping surfaces with emery paper As long as the result does not satisfy you.

After you finish with rough processing, Take the smallest sandpaper, and pass through all the processed surfaces. This will help smooth out the contours even more and get rid of scratches left to the larger sandpaper.

At this step, you should get ready for primer and painting a mustache. Congratulations on this.

Well, finally. Above you can see the whole set of surfaces that I use as forms. As you can see practically anything. From the mannequin, to tin cans. That's all.

Success to you in the craft
Your editors.

Discuss Vkontakte ...

26.04.2018

How are different plastics burn and melted?

Polymer materials and plastics (plastics) can burn, highlighting in the air a large number of Substances, including very toxic. But the peculiarities of the burning of each group of plastics, therefore, a certain set of materials are selected during production, which can be used to obtain specific products. In addition to direct burning, which completely destroys any material, plastics can soften and melt, and with strong cooling becomes fragile, which also limits the possibilities of their application.

Plastic production technologies from polymers and copolymers take into account the entire set of physical and chemical parameters of the material. In modern production, special additives are used - antipyrins that can significantly change the melting point and combustion of plastics, but as a rule it gives the effect of changing its mechanical properties. From which the strength of plastics depends is the subject of a separate description.

Behavior of plastics when heated and cooling

The suitability of polymers and plastics to the production of products and subsequent use depends on the behavior of the material when heated and cooling. The burning is the last, decisive point, and any more plastic goes back to it:

a gradual increase in plasticity - not entirely, but can manifest itself in the loss of the shape of the finished product and the part;

the laying limit of plastic is the temperature at which the material becomes militant, but still not melting;

the melting limit is the temperature threshold, after the achievement of which the fluidity property is manifested without an application of extraneous effort;

the fragility limit is the lower threshold of temperature during cooling, when the chains of polymers are reached, the filler is separated, and the plastic becomes fragile, destroys small loads and shocks.

Sheet plastic is manufactured on the equipment that supports the temperature at the outlet in the boundaries between the softening and melting limits, due to which a thin film comes out of the extruder. Then it is cooled, acquiring the strength of the sheet or remains a film with a large plasticity and a stretching property.

Temperature limits of the use of plastics

When choosing a material for the production of parts from plastics, all temperature modes its operation. Ready product It should be in conditions under which it remains to the limit of brittleness and melting, the gap remains about 20 to 30 s, but some materials are recommended to use and with more significant deviations from the boundary values.

We present specific examples of temperature boundaries of softening, melting and loss of fragility for different groups of the most common plastics.

Polyolefins - PVD, PND, PPP

Polyolefins are a large category, which includes polyethylene, polypropylene and derivative copolymers, have a wide variation of temperatures. PVD softened at 80 s, PND - at 130 ° C, polypropylene is capable of becoming completely plastic at 95-100 C. Melting begins with further heating, respectively, to 105, 130 and 170 S. Fragility when cooling is shown for PND at -70 s, PND - -60 C, polypropylene - from -8 to -15 C. Working limits of temperature can be changed when modifications, but it will affect physical properties material.

PVC and ABS plastics

A large scatter of critical values \u200b\u200bfor production and operation has plastics based on PVC EABS plastics. PVC foam can be used in the temperature range from -70 with to +70 s, the specific values \u200b\u200bdepend on the brand and composition. ABS plastic softens when heated to 95 - 120 C.

Harmful and safe plastics

In addition to the temperature limits, the ability of plastic is taken into account and the ability of the plastic is taken, to fond, to allocate in the air to the air (smoking) or imperceptibly fill the room with poisonous substances when heated.

What is the softening temperature and melting polyvinyl chloride (PVC)?

According to these properties, it is possible to distinguish plastic if for some reason there are no marking on the details or fragment.

Heating PET

The widespread PET, from which the bottles are made, begins to soften at 60 s, which means that a strong antimony poison and a set of carcinogens will fall into hot water. The entire set of hazardous substances will be distinguished when burning such plastic. When working with such materials it is better to use hot water to increase plasticity, and if it is impossible to work with a powerful exhaust.

Polyethylene behavior

HDPE, it is polyethylene low pressure (high density) is considered one of the safest materials when heated. In the container from the PND, you can pour heated water and food milk. At melting point, about 130 s material practically does not secrete hazardous substances into the air and liquid. LDPE or polyethylene high pressure (low density) melts approximately at 90 s, so its use with hot water undesirable. Material refers to a safe hazardous component in the air and liquid.

PVC danger when heated

A serious danger of heating is carried by PVC, which is often called vinyl. Melt and burn it is impossible if there is no special exhaust. The material softened at a temperature of about 60 s, highlights lead and dioxin, which makes it quite dangerous composition. Using PVC. At room temperature, it is safe, but to heat the products above 45 with without ventilating the room or the drawing is not worth it, how to pour hot drinks in them.

Return to list

Plastic panels: characteristics and advantages.

If the walls inside the house are characterized by high and essential irregularities, then from plastering, most likely, will have to abandon. Not only all this will leave a lot of solution, which is very undesirable for the walls, so also hurt the pocket. An ideal and more attractive alternative to plaster and all types of finishing works are plastic panels.

Compared to plasterboard, plastic panels have a number of significant advantages that make them rightfully the most practical and convenient material for interior decoration walls. The panels are easily installed - on the installation of ten square meters of a solid wall takes about three hours of time. For installation, no special tools and complex equipment are required. And with superficial acquaintance and methods of installation of panels, even an inexperienced person will be able to establish them ...

Plastic panels multifunctional. Without a difference, where you install them - in the kitchen or in the bedroom, - everywhere they are wellhed and do not require much care. In addition, the panel is resistant to sharp temperature changes and mechanical stress, which makes them durable in the service.

It makes no sense to talk about huge selection Panels of any design - your taste. The panels are narrow and wide, "solid" (no joints - the wall will be solid) and "separate" (there are joints). There are options for any color, with a pattern and without, with all sorts of patterns and abstract structures. Simply put, - choose, I do not want.

Plastic panels are distinguished by a number of operational properties. First of all, the panels are not afraid of moisture. Thanks to this, the bathroom can now be completely separated by plastic. You do not have to mess around with an expensive tile, hire brigades workers for cladding walls. All that is required is to nail to the walls and the ceiling of the rail and on top of them already install the panels.

Small panel weight is another important advantage over all other materials for the upholstery of the walls.

Plastic melting point

Contrary to all unhealthy prejudices, the material of the manufacture of plastic panels is fireproof. For example: PVC melting point is approximately 450 degrees Celsius, while the dried tree is flashed at 270 degrees. In addition to this panel is environmentally friendly, as plastic, as you know, found the application in all spheres of life and in the package.

Price availability is a very significant advantage of plastic panels. Cheap and beautiful PVC panels are able to turn into a comfortable room for the resulting and long-not repaired room or kitchen.

It is important to know that the upholstery of the room panel will entail a slight decrease in area. But all the pipes, cracks, wiring and everything else will go to the wall. And for the next years, ten things can be completely forgotten.

Return

Plastic with high melting point

Home »Articles» Foam properties (combustion, freezing, load)

Properties of foam

The polystyrene (foam) is obtained from polystyrene and its derivatives gas-containing material consisting of stagnant pellets with pores and voids between granules. The strength of the material directly depends on its apparent density: the more denser, the stronger.

Penrophoplast is used in construction as a heater, thermal insulator, low-risk (provided with antipyrine) material for the design of facades.

What are the main properties of polystyrene foam?

The main properties of expanded polystyrene include:

1. low vapor permeability;
2. water absorption (depends on the density of the material), preventing the accumulation of moisture in the walls, moving the point of dew in the material (all together allows you to efficiently use foam in structures with outer insulation of wet type);
3. resistance to mold, fungus, microorganisms and MSh (the formation of colonies is not fixed);
4. non-ritality for rodents (however, they can use foams as a material for litters or for the heating of teeth);
5. durability (lack of quality loss at least 60 years, in favorable conditions from 80 years);
6. the thermal expansion coefficient is from 5-10 to 7-10 (i.e., from 0.05 to 0.07 mm per 1M and 1 C), which should be taken into account when designing buildings in places with strong temperature leaps.

At what temperature melts foam plastic?

The exploitation temperature of expanded polystyrene is from -180 to +80 s, briefly up to 95 s (withstands contact with the grief bitumen). The melting point of polystyrene foam will be 120 s (at this moment irreversible depolymerization occurs). The treated foam can have different accurate heat resistance data associated with which impregnations were used in production.

The processing option we use has a flammability of the G1 class and is not destroyed at a temperature effect of more than 65%.

What load is maintained by polystyrene foam?

The polystyrene foam maintains the load in accordance with its density class (and directly associated with its strength) and an infinite number of load cycles, if they do not exceed 80% of the maximum compression strength for this block. The studies used materials with a density not higher than 20-25 kg / m3, this option of a lightweight design is most convenient to operate and gives a low load on the bearing elements.

In architecture there are only four orders of columns Gustave Flaubert

Foam melting temperature

Main insulation extrusion, extruded expanded polystyrene foam

Extruded expanded polystyrene foam Resistant to the action of most used in construction work solutions of salts, acids and alkalis, oils, alcohols and alcohol dyes. When interacting with cement and gases, extruded polystyrene foam is not destroyed and is not damaged.

Along with this, it needs to be protected from the action of organic solvents: gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, aldehydes, ketones and ether.

Create extruded polystyrene polystyrene from granulated polystyrene. The polystyrene granulate is loaded into the extruder, where it is melted first, and later the pressure melt is pushed through the die. Since the porofor (poroid formator, for example, a mixture of carbon dioxide CO2 and light freons) is loaded with a granulate in extruder, and a mixture of CO2 carbon dioxide and light pores of 0.1-0.2 mm. Closed pores do extrusion polystyrene foam impenetrable for drip liquid, steam, dust and other substances.

Some sellers of insulation, specializing in the sale of extruded polystyrene foaming that expanded polystyrene foam and extruded polystyrene foam in particular, almost a panacea from all troubles in the field of thermal insulation. It goes without like that. But it must be borne in mind that in some cases this conclusion is possible honest. Of course, any type of thermal insulation materials has its pros and cons and, accordingly, has specific applications, in which its advantages are manifested to the most fully.

For example, low vapor permeability of extruded expanded polystyrene can be viewed as an advantage over such insulation as mineral wool. Say, thermal insulation is not blocked by the wind, does not let moisture and does not require additional waterproofing.

But, if you look at the situation otherwise, this property is a deficiency. Wall insulation by extruded polystyrene foam rolls the room in a warm bath with high humidity. Such walls do not breathe.

How to be, what to choose?

You decide. It is also fundamentally important only to know the properties of the selected thermal insulation materials and understand how these properties will affect the microclimate indoors. And B. obligatory To consider in what room the insulation will work. It may occur so that this particular property of the insulating material does not matter for this particular room. The said fairly not only for extruded polystyrene foam and not only for expanded polystyrene foams in general, but also for any other thermal insulation materials.

Prices of extruded polystyrene foam are very moderate. And despite the fact that the price of polystyrene is the undoubted advantage, should not be fused at low cost. No one should look at the price of extruded polystyrene foam in the separation from its other properties. You have the opportunity to be sure - the polystyrene is sufficient and other advantages ...

So separate types of extruded polystyrene foams are able to withstand the load up to 35 thousand killograms on the m. And in this sense, extruded polystyrene foam is out of any doubt exceeding the most hard mineral wool plates.

Producers of thermal insulation materials argue that extruded polystyrene foams are difficult and distinguished by the tendency to self-effect. Do not believe them - there is no reason. In the formulation of modern extruded polystyrene foams, not counting polystyrene granules are compulsory, additives are fucked by extruded polystyrene foams to burn.

But it should not be seduced due to the fact that the polystyrene foam is a polymer and as much of the joints of this glorious kind easily melts.

It should not be extended that at the end of the melting of its pores, the property of extruded expanded polystyrene foams is mixed to thermally disappear. Based on this, by the way, extruded polystyrene foams and polystyrene foams by and large under no circumstances are used for thermal insulation in the broad sense of the word. Here we need some explanations.

Thermal insulation, in contrast to the term, insulation is worst. Warf tests not allow to climb. Imagine some object to be to be located in the environment of negative temperatures, which it is not adapted. It must be inspired. And in this case, the polystyrene foams will fully cope with the functions assigned to it.

But quite often the situation appears inverse - some object is very warm up and it is necessary to not allow it to be cooled or heated that about. And then the case for extruded expanded polystyrene foam is not so encouraging.

According to various data and for various polystyrenes, its melting temperature lies in the span of 250-300 ° C. Along with this, the foamed polystyrene melts rapidly than a polystyrene monolithic piece, which is heavier to warm up. But already at 250 ° C, in addition, the most refractory polystyrenes begin to smoke and not by violets.

Experts are cleared to us, they say, the polymer begins to decompose. And what is formed during the expansion of polystyrene it is possible to assume. Will be, for example, styrene couples are highlighted - some kind of sponak with a benzene ring in the right side. It is not very necessary for health, you need to recognize the connection. And it would be nice only - styrene at high temperatures can decompose himself. And whatever it is separated in the investigation - it will definitely not be necessary.

In other words, if it is necessary to isolate a warm object with a temperature of 200 and more degrees, extruded polystyrene foam for this work is obviously not suitable.

Is not good or not?

It is not entirely correct to put a question. Just need to understand that any heat insulation material It has its own applications and not use it where it cannot fully work.

Extruded expanded polystyrene is used as thermal insulation ...

Melting and softening of plastics, plastic operation

IN lately Plastics and plastics are widely used in industry and everyday life. Therefore, often arises the problem of selecting a specific plastic for the given temperature conditions of its operation. When choosing a plastic, it is necessary to take into account the range of its operating temperature or the temperature of the beginning of softening and melting plastic. The table below contains all the data you need.

The table shows the density values ρ . Plastic melting temperatures t pl . Temperature softening by Vika t Ramp . Temperature fragility t xp . as well as the operating temperature interval t slave At which the operation of plastics is allowed.

Values \u200b\u200bin the table are given for more than 270 plastic names. For each plastic, at least one temperature is indicated that allows to assess the permissible temperature conditions of its operation. The following types of plastic and plastics are considered: polyolefins, polystyrene, fluoroplastics, PVC, polyacrylates, phenoplasts, foams, ABS plastics. Polyurethanes, resins and compounds, antifriction self-lubricating plastics, fiberglass, etc.

Polyolefins include plastics and plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene and copolymers based on them. Polyethylene melting temperature is 105-135 ° C Depending on the density, and the range of temperature of this plastic is from -60 to 100 ° C. High-strength low pressure polyethylene can be operated with very low temperaturesah: The temperature of the fragility of this plastic is minus 140 ° C.

Polypropylene melting point is in the range of 164-170 ° C. At low temperatures, this plastic becomes fragile from minus 8 ° C. Among other polyolefin representatives it is necessary to note plastic, resistant to high temperatures, based on templable. This plastic can withstand temperatures up to 180-200 ° C and has frost resistance -60-40 ° C.

The modes of operation of plastics based on PVC and ABS plastics should be noted. PVC-based foams have a operating temperature from -70 to 70 ° C depending on the brand. ABS plastic softening temperature is 95-117 ° C.

Fluoroplasts and polyamides can be attributed to plastics with a high melting point, as well as heat-resistant plastic niplon. For example, fluoroplast melting temperature is 327 ° C (for fluoroplast-4 and 4d). Polyamides (Caprolon, Caproolite) have a softening temperature of 190-200 ° C, and the melting point of such plastic is a value of 215-220 ° C. Glass and carbonate niplon has a melting point above 300 ° C.

Of the variety of polymers for operation at high temperatures, plastics based on silicon-organic resins are suitable. The maximum operating temperature of such plastic can reach 700 ° C.

Density and characteristic plastic and plastic temperatures

What material is used in the production of plastic containers. What plastics differ from each other? Plastic

Determine the type of plastics if there is a marking, easy enough - and how to be, if there is no labeling, and find out what the thing is made - you need?! For the rapid and qualitative recognition of various types of plastics, a little desire and practical experience. The technique is quite simple: the physico-mechanical features of plastics (hardness, smoothness, elasticity, etc.) and their behavior in the flame match (lighters). May seem strange, but various types of plastics and burn differently! For example, some brightly flashes and intensively burned (almost without soot), others, on the contrary, smoothly. Plastics even publishes different sounds with its burning! Therefore, it is important to set indirect signs To accurately identify the type of plastics, its brand.

How to define PEVD (high pressure polyethylene, low density). It burns a blond, luminous flame with melting and burning polymer drifts. When burning becomes transparent, this property is preserved for a long time After quenching the flame. Lights without soot. Last minute drops, when falling with sufficient height (about one and a half meters), make a characteristic sound. When cooled, the drops of the polymer are similar to the frozen paraffin, very soft, with rubbing between fingered to the touch. Smoke of extinct polyethylene has the smell of paraffin. PEWD density: 0.91-0.92 g / cm. cube

How to determine the Pand (low pressure polyethylene, high density). More rigid and tight than PEVD, fragile. Sample on burning is similar to PEVD. Density: 0.94-0.95 g / cm. cube

How to define polypropylene. When entering into the flame, polypropylene burns a brightly luminous flame. The burning is similar to the burning of PEWD, but the smell is more acute and sweet. When combustion, polymer drums are formed. In the molten form - transparent, when cooled - is muttered. If you touch the melt match, you can pull out a long, strong thread. The droplets of the cooled melt tougher than the PEVD, the hard item comes with a crunch. Smoke with a sharp smell of magnificent rubber, Surguc.

How to identify polyethyleneractalatula (PET). Durable, hard and lightweight material. PETF density is 1, 36 g / cm. Cube. It has good thermal resistance (resistance of thermal decolation) in the temperature range from - 40 ° to + 200 °. PET is resistant to the action of diluted acids, oils, alcohols, mineral salts and most organic compounds, with the exception of strong alkalis and some solvents. When combustion is very smoking flame. When removing from the flame self-pulling.

Polystyrene.. When flexing a polystyrene strip, easily bends, then sharply breaks with a characteristic crackle. A fine-grained structure is observed on a break. Bright, very smoking flame (Cottage Scoop with thin webs sweep up!). The smell is sweetish, the floral. Polisterol is well dissolved in organic solvents (styrene, acetone, benzene).

How to identify polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Elastic. Painty (when removing from the flame, self-spout). When burning heavily smoking, at the base of the flame you can observe a bright bluish-green glow. Very sharp, acute smell of smoke. When combustion, a black, coal-like substance is formed (it is easily frozen between the fingers in the soot). We solve in a carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethane. Density: 1.38-1.45 g / cm. cube

How to determine polyacrylate ( organic glass). Transparent, fragile material. Lights a blond flame with a slight crackling. The smoke is acute fruit smell (ether). Easily dissolved in dichloroethane.

How to define polyamide (PA). The material has excellent oil-gas resistance and resistance to hydrocarbon products that provide widespread use of PA in automotive and oil industry (manufacture of gears, artificial fibers ...). Polyamide is characterized by relatively high moisture absorption, which limits its use in wet environments for the manufacture of responsible products. Lights bluish flame. When burning swells, "pshikat", forms burning drips. Smoke with the smell of Painne Volos. Frozen drops are very solid and fragile. Polyamides are soluble in a solution of phenol concentrated sulfuric acid. Density: 1.1-1.13 g / cm. cube Suns in water.

How to define polyurethane.The main application is the soles for shoes. Very flexible and elastic material (at room temperature). On the frost - fragile. He burns with empty, luminous flame. At the base, the flame is blue. With burning, burning drops are formed. After cooling, these drops are sticky, fat to the touch substance. Polyurethane soluble in glacial acetic acid.

How to determine plastic ABC. All properties for burning are similar to polystyrene. From polystyrene it is quite difficult to distinguish. Plastic ABC is more durable, hard and viscous. Unlike polystyrene more resistant to gasoline.

How to determine fluoroplastic-3. It is used in the form of suspensions for applying anti-corrosion coatings. Do not combustible, with strong heating is charred. When removing from the flame immediately fades. Density: 2.09-2.16 g / cm. Cube.

How to determine fluoroplast-4.Neckless material white color, slightly translucent, with a smooth, slippery surface. One of the best dielectrics! Do not combustible, with strong heating melts. Almost in any solvent is not dissolved. Most resistant famous materials. Density: 2,12-2.28 g / cm. Cube. (Depends on the degree of crystallinity - 40-89%).

Physico-chemical properties of plastics waste towards acids

Name Department	Affecting factors
	H 2 SO 4 (K) Cold	H 2 SO 4 (K) Boil.	HNO 3 (K) Cold	HNO 3 (K) Boil.	HCl (K) Cold	HCl (K) Boil.
Bottles from under Coca-Cola.	Without changes	Bought coloring Complete	Without changes	Without changes	Without changes	Samples curled
Plastic bags	Without changes	Practically dissolved	Without changes	Without changes	Without changes	Samples soluble

Physico chemical properties Plastics waste plastics plastics relative to alkalis

Any plastic highlights the contents of bottled chemicals of varying degrees of danger.

Plastic today is one of the most frequently used funds not only in industry, but also in everyday life. Plastic can be made using a three-dimensional printer, you can purchase in the store. But the policy of our site simply requires to find some way to create plastic at home, what we will do right now.

In the roller about plastic in more detail:

To create plastic, we need acetone, which is used as a solvent for varnishes and paints, glass or metal container, Tara (you can use a jar from under a grandmother's jam or a shape for the stove of cupcakes), polystyrene foam, which is probably able to be found in Chulana or basement, where the boxes from home appliances are hidden.

It was understood with the materials, which means that it was time to start work.

We take a container or mold for the cupcake, as in our case, and pour a few acetone into it. The number of acetone is directly proportional to the size of the plastic product. If you need some plastic, it is enough to fill about one centimeter from the bottom. If during the process it turns out that acetone is not enough, then you can add it later.

The next thing we need to do foam, namely to break it into small pieces that can fit in any particular problems in the container selected by us.

Slices of foam should be individually lowered into a container with acetone. The foam will immediately begin melting under the action of acetone, which will cause a chemical reaction. Adding gradually acetone, you will reach the moment when it stops melting. This means that you need to add acetone or simply remove an extra piece of foam.

Attention!!! During the process, it is necessary to take care of eye protection, since acetone in the dissolution process may cause serious harm to visual organs. In no case inhabit the pairs of acetone. Also, for security purposes, the project needs to be done away from any sources of fire and in well-ventilated rooms. After touching with an unworthy plastic, you definitely wash your hands with soap. At the end, do not pour acetone into the sewer because it will do with sewer pipes The same thing with foam.

Sometimes you can see a picture of how lovers sit in nature in the fire burned disposable plastic dishes, bottles, packages and other trash left after a fun time. Of course, with this method of getting rid of the garbage, there is no need to go to the landfill and the forest remains clean. You can also meet people who use plastic to create crafts and swim it at home. But how harmlessly melting plastic and burning it?

What burns some types of plastic and melting them is unsafe, everyone should know!

Many plastics products are marked with a special sign with a number that varies from 1 to 7. Each number corresponds to a specific type of polymeric materials, with the exception of 7, which corresponds to all other materials that cannot be attributed to the first 6. Plastics from 1 to 6 refer to, those. They begin to soften when heating. different types Plastics react differently to fire: some begin to smooth, some melt, some practically do not react.

Most plastics carries potential danger Isolation of toxic substances associated with its production technology and its composition, but there are more secure species among them.

1. PET or PETE (PET) - polyethylene terephthalate

PET is the most common plastic in food Industrywhich is most often used in the production of bottles. It is also a very popular material for creating various crafts. You can find many ways. About industrial processing PET can be found.

PET melts at a fairly high temperature - 260 ° C, but when heated to 60 ° C, PET softened and loses shape.

Danger:
Pat is known in that it contains antimony and carcinogens. When storing water in bottles, these substances can fall into it, especially when heated. These substances can also be released during burning or melting.

Conclusion:
There is a potential hazard of the release of harmful substances when burning or melting. To create crafts PET bottles, you can find many ways that do not require heat treatment.
If necessary, PET deformation is better to heat it in boiling water - it is safer than inhaling pairs from heated dry plastic. Also remember that you should always work in well-ventilated rooms or on the street.

2. HDPE or high-density polyethylene or low pressure polyethylene

Flickr.com/Tom Magliery / CC BY 2.0

HDPE The most secure plastic. It is best used to create crafts, since it is also the easiest in processing. From this plastic are made bottles for milk and detergents.

Need to know:
You can safely use HDPE containers or water storage bottles, since nothing is leached. HDPE is pretty durable plastic and does not "melt", only at a very high temperature. This plastic may not be flexible enough, but sometimes it is very good for creating hard structures.

Conclusion:
This type of plastic can be used without special concerns. Plastic melting occurs at temperatures of about 120-135 ° C.

3. PVC or PVC - polyvinyl chloride, also known as vinyl

PVC is the most dangerous plasticproduced today. Most plates are made from vinyl. Despite his danger, many people, not knowing about her, heated and harness PVC. PVC melting point is 150 - 220 ° C, but it starts to deform at 65 - 70 ° C. Recycled PVC can be found.

Danger:
PVC highlights carcinogens, as well as lead. Under the influence of heat, it highlights dioxins, one of the most dangerous pollutants and toxins.

Conclusion:
PVC can be used, but heated and burn it VERY DANGEROUS!!!
Again, with the strict need to melting PVC, it is better to use boiling water and not to expose it to directly exposure to the flame. To do this, of course, it is necessary in a well-ventilated room.

4. LDPE or PVD - low density polyethylene or high pressure polyethylene

Flickr.com/ Mag3737 / CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

LDPE is another safe plastic. From it, buttons are made in devices, it is also used for production polyethylene film, grocery bags, garbage bags and some food containers.

What you need to know:
PVD Durable material, but less strong than HDPE. For its melting, you also need a considerable temperature - 90 ° C.

Conclusion:
HDPE is quite safe in the use of plastic. For melting, it takes quite a lot of heat, and it is necessary to be attentive - if you want to melt the material, then packages, for example, can easily light up.

5. PP or PP - polypropylene

PP rather safe plastic, and used when creating various things, such as bottles, dispensers and plastic dishes. It is not so easy melting, its melting point is 160 - 170 ° C, but heats up quickly. About the processing of polypropylene can be found in.

Note:
Polypropylene is quite safe, but some studies have shown that some types of polypropylene can highlight the biocide. So still this material should be used with caution.

6. PS or PS - Polystyrene

Of this type of plastic, many products are manufactured, it is used in disposable dishes, packaging, children's toys and in the manufacture of thermal insulation (for example, foam) and other building materials. I would like to hope that everyone knows that it is necessary to avoid heating expanded polystyrene, since it contains styrene. Information about the processing of foam can be found in.

The melting point of the polystylene is 240 ° C, but it starts to deform at 100 ° C. When heated, a characteristic smell appears.

Danger:
It highlights the most dangerous poison and carcinogen styrene.

Conclusion:
Never heated expanded polystyrene foam. As a last resort, do it in a well-ventilated room.

7. Other or Other - Various plastics not specified above

These plastics include both safe and unsafe plastics. For example, PLA refers to biodegradable plastics, with this plastic you can work quite safely. Polycarbonate (PC) is not as safe, there are research confirming that it may allocate Bisphenol A.

With plastic without labeling and with unfamiliar plastics, it is necessary to turn very carefully, it is unknown from which materials they are made and what potential danger in yourself is carrying.

Burn plastic is necessary in a well ventilated place, better on the street. PVC and PS burn it.

(Viewed 87 630 | Watched today 33)

Types of plastic. Termoreactive plastic and thermoplastic How Polypropylene Recycling (PP or PP) is performed)