Parquet flooring. Laying parquet boards - common installation methods How parquet boards are attached to the floor

Parquet flooring has been used for a long time. During this time, he managed to establish himself as a practical and durable material. In addition, in order to master the technology of its installation, you do not need to have special knowledge. In the production of parquet boards, wood is used only of natural origin, which ensures the impeccable quality and durability of the coating. Consider all the features of the choice and method of laying parquet in more detail.

There are two mounting methods. To do right choice you need to focus on the desired result.

With the help of a certain laying direction, you can visually increase the size of the room. To do this, the boards should be placed diagonally. The material is placed at an angle of 45°. But this method also has a drawback - an overrun of the material, which will be 10-12%.
If it is necessary to save on the consumption of boards, then the second option should be preferred, which involves placement parallel to the wall. Laying is carried out in the direction of the light flux.

Parquet board. A photo:

Determine the required amount of material

One of the primary actions when installing a parquet board is the calculation of the material.

First, the width and length of the room are determined. It is also necessary to know the dimensions of the board, for each manufacturer they may differ.
The installation method is also taken into account. With direct placement, a material margin of 5% should be provided, with a diagonal arrangement - 10%.
Further, based on the parameters of the room and the size of the board, you need to perform calculations.
Initially, the area of \u200b\u200bthe room is measured.
Then the required percentage is added to the resulting indicator.
The final result is divided by the footage of one package.
If the number turns out to be a fraction, it must be rounded up.
You can also contact the seller, who will help calculate the required number of boards.

Preparatory stage

Installation of a parquet board is carried out on a flat base. The difference per 1 m 2 should not exceed 2 mm. If the boards are laid on an uneven floor, after a certain period of time they will fall out of the locks and become unusable.

You can level the surface in two ways:

using plywood;
with cement screed.

For laying parquet flooring, you need to use only flat plywood. For this purpose, FK grade material is suitable, the thickness of which exceeds 12 mm. It is also recommended to purchase calibrated plywood sheets. The entire batch of such products has the same thickness. Sanded sheets can be found on the market, but their use is not particularly necessary. In addition, this material is more expensive than ordinary plywood. The procedure for laying plywood is as follows:

Each sheet needs to be cut into 4 fragments.
The choice of fasteners depends on the material from which the floor is made. Sheets are attached to a wooden base with nails, to concrete surface- by means of self-tapping screws.
Between the sheets you need to leave a space of 3 mm.

Before laying the parquet board, the floor can be leveled with a cement screed:

Initially, the old coating and dust should be removed from the base. If there are cracks, they must be sealed with cement mortar.
The joint between the floor and the wall is closed damper tape. This will help prevent cracking and leakage of the mixture. The tape should exceed the screed by 4-5 cm.
In addition, a waterproofing compound is applied to the floor surface or a plastic film is laid.
To determine the thickness of the screed layer and the areas on which the beacons will be installed, it is necessary to find the highest point. A mark is placed at a distance of a meter from the floor slab.
Further along the perimeter of the room is carried out horizontal line, which will act as the base layer.
Then the distance from this line to the floor is measured and the highest point is determined. The thickness of the screed must not be less than this level.
After that, beacons are installed - guiding elements, set in accordance with the initial level. Cannot be used for this purpose wooden details, because they will absorb moisture during the drying process of the screed. Lighthouses should be located at a distance of 20 cm from the wall and 30 cm from each other. You can fix them with cement composition. But in this case, before proceeding with the screed, you need to wait until it dries.
The next step is to prepare the solution. You can purchase a special mixture or prepare the composition yourself. To do this, mix cement with sand in a ratio of 1: 3 and add water. For stirring, use a drill equipped with a stirrer. The solution should acquire the consistency of thick sour cream. To check the readiness of the mixture, you need to squeeze a lump in your hand - it should not spread and disintegrate. If desired, plasticizers can be added to the composition - elements that increase the plasticity and elasticity of the solution.
The mixture is laid starting from the opposite side of the exit. The composition is laid out between the guides by 0.5 m, after which it is pulled together using the rule.
It will take 3 weeks for the screed to dry. During this time, it is necessary to periodically moisten it with a roller. This will prevent cracks from appearing. Also for this, the screed can be covered with a film.

Laying parquet boards: floating installation technology

Parquet flooring according to this method can be laid on wooden base and screed. The fastening of the boards is carried out according to the tenon-groove system. Parquet is not attached to the floor surface. This method has a number of advantages:

There is no need to purchase additional adhesives, which reduces costs.
Installation work does not take much time.
The simplicity of the technology makes it possible to perform the installation on your own without the involvement of specialists.
In case of damage to any element, the repair can be performed fragmentarily.
Replacement of one or more boards is carried out without parsing the coating.

Mounting on wooden floor and logs

If you plan to mount the coating on a wooden base, it is initially necessary to eliminate all existing defects - chips, grooves, cracks, the space between the boards.
Leveling the old floor will take more time and effort. This will require Sander, self-tapping screws, glue. The boards of the new floor are leveled manually using a planer.
Installation on logs involves fastening to the base with nails. This procedure is performed through the ridges of the connecting lock of the board.

How to put a parquet board on glue

This method is mainly used in large rooms. It allows you to ensure a strong adhesion of the parquet flooring to the base. When choosing this method, it should be remembered that parquet boards can only be laid with glue on a completely flat surface. This is the most common way at present. But it is also quite expensive, since its implementation will require the purchase of additional materials.

To lay a parquet board with your own hands, you will need:
hammer;

hacksaw;
square;
a bar measuring 30 cm;
pencil, tape measure, ruler;
stop bracket;
wedges;
drill.

First, consider the important rules for preparing for the process:

During the work and after their completion, the temperature in the room should be at the level of + 20 ° C, the humidity should not exceed 60%.
If the installation is carried out on a heated base, then 48 hours before the start of laying, the temperature must be set at +18°C.
The wood from which the coating is made has the property of shrinking and expanding depending on changes in humidity levels. For this reason, a space of 10 mm is left between the floor and the walls. A similar gap will be required in the area of \u200b\u200bpipe passage.
Do not open all packages at once. This should be done as the work progresses.
If the width of the room exceeds 8 m, the coating is separated by a free seam. The same operation is carried out when moving to another room, in the location area door structure and in the area of corners. The longitudinal seam is not glued, it is closed with a separate bar.

The installation process is carried out in the following sequence of actions:

First, the boards are checked for defects. If present, only the undamaged part is used. Install such parquet in inconspicuous areas. Having laid the first row, you need to make sure that it turned out to be even. The whole subsequent process depends on this.
If the surface of the wall from which laying is uneven, then the board is cut in accordance with its bend with a hacksaw. First, you need to draw an indicative line with a pencil.
Laying the second row begins with the fragment remaining from the previous board. Cross seams should be spaced 50 cm apart.
The adhesive composition is applied to the upper and lower edge of the groove with a layer of 2 mm. Excess adhesive must be removed from the surface of the coating with a damp cloth. One liter of the composition can process 15 m 2 of area.
Connect the boards with a bar.
If there are pipes in the room where the installation is being carried out, then you need to cut off a fragment from the board, which will be laid behind the communications.
Then, using a square, two lines are marked on it, corresponding to the diameter of the pipes. From the middle of the communications to the installed board, the distance is marked.
Then you need to drill holes, the diameter of which should be 20 mm larger than the size of the pipes.
With the help of a hacksaw, passages are cut along the marked lines, after which the board is installed.
Glue is applied to the edges of the sawn fragments, and they are installed in the cut zone.

When installing a parquet board, it is often necessary to shorten door frame and platbands. To do this, you need to lay a separate board with a backing next to the box. Next, the platbands and the box are cut off with a hacksaw. In the threshold area, special linings are installed. Width last board not always true to size. In this situation, it must be placed on the previous panel (their edges must match) and cut. Preliminary marks can be made.

The sawn-off fragment is mounted using a bracket. Wedges are installed for fixation. Seams can be treated with mastic. It will take 4 hours for the glue to dry. After this time, the wedges must be removed and the plinth installed. This coating can also be laid on carpet or linoleum. But in this situation, the fastening can only be done by the floating method. As a result, you will get excellent and reliable coverage made of oak parquet board, which will fit into any interior.

Grinding

Grinding allows you to hide all the defects of the coating. After this procedure, the parquet board made of ash, larch and other species becomes more attractive. For work you need to prepare:

special machine;
sandpaper of different grain sizes;
a vacuum cleaner;
wood putty;
varnish, roller, brushes.

The processing process looks like this:

An abrasive No. 40 is installed on the machine.
First, grinding is performed by tilting the drum at an angle of 45°.
Then the procedure is repeated, but in the direction of laying the boards.
The work should be carried out until the complete disappearance of irregularities and roughness.
To process various hard-to-reach areas, a “boot” device is used.
On the final stage the surface is treated with a fine-grained abrasive.
To check the quality of grinding, you need to run your hand over the coating and check that it should be perfectly smooth.

Parquet manufacturers

Tarkett parquet board is made of pine, oak and other species natural wood. The manufacturer offers a wide range of these products. The consumer has the opportunity to choose a suitable parquet flooring from a wide variety colors. Tarket's most popular product is a three-strip board, 14 cm thick.

The high quality of this material allows it to be used in rooms of any purpose. The lock joints of the boards are thoroughly tested and meet all quality requirements. The manufacturer provides a fifteen-year warranty for its products. At the same time, Tarkett boards are distinguished by their affordable cost.

Polarwood parquet board has a multilayer structure. In each layer, the wood fibers are arranged in a perpendicular direction, which increases the strength of the material. The middle layer, which takes on the bulk of the load, is made from softwood. And the base of the board, which acts as a stabilizer, is made of birch. On the outside material is applied 5 layers of varnish.

Polarwood uses exclusively natural materials. The parquet coating of this manufacturer is resistant to high temperatures and ultraviolet rays. Polarwood boards retain their performance characteristics for 20 years.

Conclusion

Hardwood flooring can be installed in several ways, each with its own advantages. The technological process is simple and does not require special training, and a wide variety of materials will allow you to choose best option for your interior.

Parquet flooring. Video:

It would seem that due to the impressive size of the parquet board, its laying is much easier than parquet or laminate. This is not entirely true. This material, which has a pronounced layered structure, can easily fail even with minor violations of its laying technology. We have to reckon with the fact that this process is not easy, there are plenty of subtleties and nuances in it. Before the beginning independent work not only should the instructions for laying parquet boards from the manufacturer be thoroughly studied, but also the experience and advice of those who have professionally mastered this process should be taken into account.

What is parquet board

Outwardly, it resembles a laminate: the same oblong panel. Its standard sizes are:

length 1.8-2.4 m;
width 14-20 cm;
thickness 10-24 mm.

A distinctive feature of the division of parquet boards into groups is the structure of the base:

PD-1 - has a single-layer rack base, assembled into squares and rectangles, oriented perpendicular to each other (see Fig. 1a). Longitudinal edges are pasted over with laths.
PD-2 - has a single-layer lath base oriented along the axis of the board (see Fig. 1b).
PD-3 - has a two-layer base of laths oriented perpendicular to each other (see Fig. 1c and 1d).

Figure 1. Types of parquet board.

Another distinguishing feature is the number of dice:

One-strip parquet board (see Fig. 1d - 1).
Two-lane (see Fig. 1e - 2).
Three-lane (see Fig. 1d - 3).

This is a natural finishing material. For the manufacture of the outer layer, valuable and coniferous wood is used. The front side is usually covered with a transparent parquet varnish.

Before starting work, stock up on the necessary tools:

a saw with fine teeth;
square, tape measure, ruler and pencil;
a hammer and a block for tamping;
drill and drills;
wedges and braces.

Figure 2. Ways of laying a parquet board: 2a - ultralock, 2b - kombilok.

In the room where laying is carried out, must be maintained certain conditions: humidity 40-60% and temperature 18-22 ºС. If laying on a heated floor, its temperature should be reduced to 18-20 ºС a day or two before the start of work. You can increase it to the usual values \u200b\u200b(but not higher than 28 ºС) two days after the end of the work.

Wood noticeably changes its dimensions with changes in humidity, therefore a gap of about 1 cm wide should be left between the coating and the walls. Wedges give the coating reliability. There should also be gaps around the pipes. Finishing material must be kept in the room where the laying is to be done for at least two days. All this time it must remain in the package.

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floating laying method

The most popular method for rooms whose area does not exceed 60 m 2. This technology of laying a parquet plate implies that the base of the floor is well prepared, and the board has a good and reliable lock (see Fig. 2). There are several types of lock connections, but the two main ones are most common:

ultralock (Fig. 2a);
kombilok (Fig. 2b).

Most experts prefer the connection combilok. It is easier to assemble and more reliable to tear.

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Substrate surface preparation for laying

Figure 3. The technology of laying parquet boards.

For laying in this way, you need a solid, very even and dry base. These properties are typical for concrete screed and adjustable wood floors. Both options have their pros and cons:

the screed can be thin, which is especially important for low rooms;
under adjustable floors communications can be laid, but the height of the room is slightly reduced.

A parquet floor on an uneven base will squeak annoyingly, so the leveling control must be careful, it is done using a long building or hydraulic level. The screed is best done on the basis of self-leveling mixtures. After laying and leveling, you need to give it about three weeks of exposure to gain strength and dry completely.

The basis of the adjustable floor is a solid slab of moisture resistant plywood into which the adjusting legs are threaded. They can adjust the ideal horizontal position. Fast, convenient and reliable way. Another plus: on such a basis you can lead in any way.

To protect the parquet flooring from moisture, synthetic, composite or natural cork backing. Its thickness should not be more than 2-3 mm. A special adhesive tape is used to seal the seams between the sheets of the substrate.

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The order and technology of laying

Figure 4. Ways of laying a parquet board: 4a - adhesive, 4b - at an angle, 4c - laying on a wooden base, 4d - laying on logs.

The first row of panels is laid with the left side of the lock (see Fig. 2) against the wall with a gap of about 1 cm and reinforced with wedges. The direction is taken along the daylight falling from the window. Each new row usually starts with the remainder of the previous one, if it is not less than 0.5 m. It is necessary to ensure that dirt and sand do not get into the lock joint. To finish off the docked boards, a wooden block can be used.

If desired, the lock joints of the boards can be glued. They do this not to fix the connections, but to protect against water spilled on the floor.

In order to outline the pipes, by applying a board to them, markings are made (see Fig. 3a and 3b), holes are drilled with a diameter of 2 cm larger than the pipe diameter and the edge of the board is sawn off (see Fig. 3c). Then the board is laid in place and the sawn-off segment is glued (see Fig. 3d). The edge of the hole can be closed with a suitable ring.

Boards last row are cut to the desired width, taking into account the expansion gap, the key edge is cut off from the groove of the boards of the penultimate row, and glue is applied to the groove. After that, the boards are carefully put into place with the help of a stop bracket. Expansion wedges are installed in the expansion gap.

At the end of laying, wedges are removed from the expansion gap around the entire perimeter of the floor and a plinth is installed. The plinth is attached only to the wall.

Block parquet, which was very popular in its time, is being replaced today by more modern materials. Among them, a parquet board with an equally presentable, noble appearance. But this flooring much more affordable, less whimsical to care for, more resistant to mechanical damage.

One of the indisputable advantages of a parquet board is the ease of installation. If for laying piece parquet it is usually necessary to invite qualified specialists, whose services are quite expensive, then it is quite possible to lay a parquet board with your own hands.

The parquet board can be laid on different bases:

concrete
wooden, plank or with a coupler of sheet materials
the second layer on the old floor covering (linoleum, short pile carpet, tiles)
on the logs
on the warm floor

Substrate requirements are the same as for all floor coverings - integrity, strength, absence of significant height differences. Under the parquet board, the slope should be no more than 2 mm per 1 m (unless other requirements are specified in the recommendations of the flooring manufacturer), and unevenness, curvature of the surface - no more than 1 mm per 20 cm. Base errors that do not exceed these values can be leveled with . A heavily damaged concrete or wooden base must be dismantled and refurbished.

The second layer of the parquet board can be laid in the absence of swelling, defects, unevenness of the old coating. Carpet or linoleum will act as a substrate, on top of which laying is carried out exclusively in a floating way. Floating and adhesive laying is possible on top of the tiles, Before laying on the adhesive, the surface must be degreased.

Only parquet boards of sufficient thickness (minimum 22 mm) can be laid on the logs, she shouldn't bend. Lag requirements:

dry, firm without rot
installed in increments of 40-60 cm.
with a surface that is at the same level over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe room

On top of the log, you need to stretch the film for waterproofing, fixing it with brackets, and screw sheets of plywood 2 cm thick with screws. The sheets should be staggered so that the seams between them fall in the middle of the beam. Must be left expansion joints between sheets 0.5-1 cm and a gap of 1-1.5 cm around the perimeter. With a significant thickness of the parquet board and a small step between the joists, it is possible to lay directly on them without a plywood backing, with hidden fixation with nails.

Only water-based underfloor heating systems are compatible with the parquet board before installation, the heating must be turned off. It is not recommended to use a board with a thickness of more than 8.5 mm over heating systems. For warm floors, the adhesive method of laying parquet boards is better suited.

Preparing for styling

Before proceeding with the laying of the parquet board, it is necessary to revise and prepare the base (leveling, hardening), check the level of its humidity (when checked with a hygrometer, it should be no more than 2-3%), and thoroughly clean it of debris and dust.

The next step is waterproofing and laying the substrate (if the parquet board is laid on top of the old coating, this step can be skipped).

The waterproofing film is overlapped and glued with adhesive tape at the joints and around the perimeter
If the parquet board is to be laid floating, a soft underlay made of foamed polyethylene, polystyrene, or
The rolled substrate is laid end-to-end, mats - end-to-end and apart
For adhesive laying a solid substrate of moisture-resistant plywood is required, the length and width of the sheets should not exceed 1 m. After fixing, the substrate must be sanded and cleaned of dust

The purchased board must be aged indoors where the floor will be laid, but it is recommended to unpack it immediately before laying.

Requirements for the microclimate in the room:

temperature 18-24⁰
humidity 30-60%

If you have to cut a board in the last row and its width is less than 6 cm, you must also trim the boards in the first row so that the width of the first and last rows is the same
Cutting the boards to width may also be necessary if the wall along which they are laid is very curved. It is better that the unevenly cut boards are adjacent to the wall, next to which the furniture will subsequently stand.
The length of the last fragment in the row must be at least 50 cm.
The boards must be laid apart, with an offset of ½ or ⅓ of the length, but not less than 50 cm.

Required Tools

electric jigsaw for sawing boards (can be replaced with a saw or hacksaw with fine teeth)
lightweight hammer for tamping, better rubber mallet
long (1.5-2 m) rule, level
ruler, square, tape measure, pencil
for laying on glue - notched trowel
clamp or staple for tamping the last boards
trimming boards can be used as a tamping bar, and spacer wedges can be made from improvised materials

Ways of laying a parquet board

The parquet board is produced with locking joints that ensure the fixation of the boards to each other. It is also possible to attach them additionally to the base. Based on the characteristics of the room, the direction of laying is chosen.

Laying technology

Parquet board can be laid:

floating way
in a hard way (on glue)
with fixation with nails to the joists

Pros and cons of floating and glue laying

Floating styling:

high speed and simplicity
the possibility of correcting errors during the laying process
the possibility of repair, replacement of individual boards
when moving, the coating can be completely dismantled and the boards can be reused
resistance to deformation due to temperature fluctuations
no glue costs
ready for use immediately after installation

Minuses:

not suitable for rooms with a high floor load and area larger than 50 m²
not recommended for underfloor heating
sensitive to uneven ground
requires the mandatory use of transitional thresholds

Adhesive laying:

has no restrictions on area and load
less demanding on the base, allows you to smooth out irregularities
goes well with underfloor heating

Minuses

increasing time and labor costs
extra cost for glue
operation is possible only after the adhesive has completely cured
bug fixing, repairs, floor maintenance difficult
boards cannot be reused

Direction and laying pattern

in a straight line, along the length of the wall (the easiest and most commonly used method)
across, usually used for visual expansion narrow room or if the parquet board is laid on an old plank floor (the boards must lie perpendicular to the floorboards of the base)
diagonally, suitable for square rooms, allows you to make the corner the compositional center of the room, focusing attention on it. A more complicated way with a large number waste

Do-it-yourself parquet board laying

Before laying the first row, it is necessary to install spacer wedges at the walls, cut the boards in accordance with the laying scheme.

Diagonal styling features

At diagonal laying boards are cut at an acute angle, usually 30 or 45⁰. It is best to stretch the cord from corner to corner, and align the first row of boards with it.

You can start laying from the corner, moving from the window to the door, or from the center of the room, moving from left to right. The panels are first connected end-to-end in rows, then the freshly assembled row is joined to the already laid one. The first, central row will turn out to be the longest, it is desirable to lay it in place together with an assistant after connecting the panels with the ends. So that it does not move during the docking of the next rows, it is necessary to put a load on top. It is important that when laying narrow joints go apart.

floating laying

The first row is assembled against the wall, with a groove towards it, close to the spacer wedges. The boards are connected by the ends and, for the most tight fit, are slightly knocked out through a gasket, for example, a wooden block
Laying will be carried out faster if, with the laid row, the panels are not connected one by one, but assembled in a row, then the rows are connected, knocking out each board. So that the panels do not diverge, it is possible to temporarily fasten them at the joints with the help of scraps of the board, at the same time, height differences are eliminated
As needed, holes for pipes are cut out, special plugs are installed on top of these places
The last row is knocked out through the bracket, in the area of the doorway the board is cut to fit tightly to the box
After laying the board over the entire area, spacer wedges are removed, skirting boards and sills are installed

Adhesive laying

Do not use glue to install parquet boards. water based. Usually enough to apply adhesive composition only on the base, but in case of heavy load on the floor, you can additionally coat the back side of the boards with glue. Gluing joints is also recommended.

Glue can cover a section of the floor for each panel to be laid, but if you have enough skill, it is more convenient to cover the area with glue along the entire length of the room and 3 boards wide. First, the first row is assembled and pressed against the base, the protrusion facing the wall must be cut off before laying. Next, the typesetting method is used, the boards are connected to the stacked row one by one, each one is carefully pressed. Excess adhesive must be removed promptly.

Laying on logs

To fix the parquet board to the joists, nails without hats are hammered into the grooves at an angle of 45⁰, the boards are connected to each other with locks.

Do-it-yourself parquet board laying: video instruction:

Outcome

The parquet board can be laid on a prepared base or an old floor covering. The easiest way is laying in a floating way. Laying on glue is more laborious, but such a floor covering can withstand significant loads. Diagonal laying is more difficult than straight laying, requires careful calculations and is associated with increased waste.

Among the variety of modern floor coverings, parquet board occupies special place. The floors created with its help give the room nobility and reflect the good taste of the owners. Parquet has always been an expensive material, the laying of which required high skills and craftsmanship, but with the development of wood processing technologies, laying parquet boards has become much easier. Today, all laying work can be done independently, and for their successful implementation, it will be enough to be able to handle the tool and know the technology of laying parquet boards.

Laying a parquet board is quite possible to do it yourself, the technology is not so complicated

Choice of parquet board

The parquet board is produced in several variations

Today, the buyer can choose from two types of parquet boards: massive and multilayer. The main difference between them lies in the method of production. So, for the production of massive parquet boards, whole pieces of wood, both coniferous and hardwood, are used. The fasteners are the groove and ridge on the ends of the board. The price of such a board is quite high, since its production requires big piece valuable wood.

Multilayer parquet board consists of two or three layers glued together wooden planks. To give strength, each layer is laid at right angles to the previous one, and to create unique performance characteristics are used different kinds wood. Upper layer lamellas are made of hard rocks. For the second layer, softwoods are used. For the third layer, plywood or previously rejected spruce or pine lamellas up to 4 mm thick are used. The price of a multi-layer parquet board is somewhat lower, since smaller pieces of wood are required for its production.

Types of parquet boards depending on the number of planks

Also, the parquet board differs in the number of rows of planks: single-lane, two-lane, three- And four-lane. The most popular is the three-strip board, as it is most closely styled like parquet and is affordable. A four-strip parquet board is the cheapest - the narrowest lamellas are used in its production, but this type of board allows you to implement various design ideas due to the contrasting combination of lamellas. One-strip and two-strip parquet boards are the most expensive. Their production requires the most wide slats valuable wood. Thanks to this, the room looks the most rich and solemn.

The thickness of the parquet board ranges from 7 mm to 22 mm. This parameter determines how the board will be laid. So, parquet boards up to 20 mm thick should be laid only on a solid surface, and a board 22 mm thick can be laid directly on the logs. In addition, the thickness of the board affects the heat, sound and noise insulation in the room.

Laying parquet board: video instruction

Technology of laying parquet boards

Despite the fact that laying parquet boards with your own hands is quite simple, you can ruin the flooring if you do not follow a certain laying technology. In order for the parquet board to serve for a long time, you must adhere to the following rules:

well-prepared base. Preparation is about building a solid, flat surface without deep drops and cracks. A small difference of 2 mm per 1 m linear is allowed;
a certain level of humidity. Despite the development modern technologies in the field of protecting wood from moisture, laying parquet boards in the kitchen, bathroom, toilet or other rooms with high level humidity is not recommended;
before laying the parquet board must "get used" to the microclimate of the room. So that after the completion of all work, the surface retains its integrity and does not warp, the parquet board after purchase and delivery should be left indoors for 48 hours;
during installation, it is necessary to adhere to a certain temperature regime and humidity level. The temperature should not be lower than +18 ° C, and the humidity should be 35 - 65%;
the presence of hydro and thermal insulation. Since the parquet board is exposed to temperature and moisture, it must be additionally insulated. For this, a substrate is laid, consisting of a layer of waterproofing and thermal insulation;
certain direction of laying. To make the joints of the parquet board panels less noticeable, it should be laid in the direction of the rays of light;
if the rooms where the parquet board will be laid have a "warm floor" system, it is necessary to create a separate floor covering from the parquet board for each room. This is due to the fact that the temperature in each room is different and can fluctuate significantly.

Foundation preparation

Before laying the parquet board, it is necessary to carry out a series of preparatory work. This applies primarily to the base on which the laying will be carried out. The installation of the parquet board itself can be performed on concrete or wooden base, the main thing is that it be strong and even. Therefore, if the floors in the house are created from scratch, they must be made based on the future laying of the parquet board. If the old floors will act as the basis, they will have to be completely revised and, if necessary, repaired.

Wooden base preparation

If you plan to lay on a previously used wooden base, then you will have to perform following works. First of all, remove the old flooring and make sure that the wooden floor does not fall through anywhere, does not creak, there are no large differences between the boards, and all structural elements are firmly fixed. If everything is in order, then you can start laying the parquet board. Otherwise, you will have to work hard. In the case when the wooden floor is durable, but the floorboards have dried up from time to time, and large differences in height have appeared between them, the floor can simply be cycled or leveled with PVA-based putty. If, upon inspection of the floor, it was revealed that the floorboards were loose and poorly fixed, then they would have to be fixed with self-tapping screws to the logs, and the surface should be scraped or puttied. The most time-consuming and difficult will be the repair of damaged logs. To do this, you will have to completely disassemble the structure of the wooden floor. If the logs sagged in places, then they should be lifted by placing a block or wood chip under them. But if one or more lags are rotten, they will have to be completely replaced. It is necessary to pay special attention to the level of the lag, they must all be strictly horizontal and in the same plane. As soon as the logs are repaired, you need to reassemble the entire structure of the wooden floor and start laying the parquet board.

Preparation of the concrete base

The work on preparing the concrete base is an order of magnitude smaller, and they are simpler. First of all, we remove the old floor covering and check the floor for cracks, bumps and breaks. If the floor is in good condition and has small cracks or irregularities, then it can be primed and poured on top of a self-leveling screed. After it has completely dried, you can start laying the parquet board. In case when concrete base crumbled and in some places turned into dust, you will have to completely remove it with a perforator old coupler and lay it again, and only after it has completely dried, start laying the parquet board.

How to lay a parquet board

There are several ways to install a parquet board. There are only three of them: floating, adhesive and with the help of fasteners. It should be noted right away that the first two laying options require the creation of a solid base on which the parquet board will be laid. These laying methods are suitable for panels of any thickness and for any type of substrate. Installation of a parquet board with the help of fasteners is carried out directly on the logs or a wooden base. Moreover, only a parquet board with a thickness of 20 - 22 mm can be laid on the logs. To know how to properly lay a parquet board, you need to familiarize yourself with each of these methods in more detail.

floating laying method

The floating method of laying parquet board is considered the easiest

This installation method is the simplest, fastest and requires minimal labor. It consists in laying a parquet board on a substrate and connecting the panels to each other in a lock. To install a parquet board in this way, you must do the following:

we lay a layer of waterproofing on a previously prepared base. For this, a polyethylene film with a thickness of 200 microns is suitable. To get a solid surface, we overlap the film sheets with an overlap of 15 - 20 cm and glue them together with adhesive tape. We also make an overlap on the walls of 10 - 15 cm;

Cork or polyethylene foam can be used as a substrate

We lay the substrate on the film with the second layer. It can be cork, polystyrene foam or polyethylene foam. We lay the cork and polystyrene foam end-to-end, and the polyethylene foam overlaps. We glue all joints with adhesive tape;

Important! Styrofoam mats should be laid "in a row". This will result in a stronger and more stable surface.

just before laying, we carry out small calculations of the number of rows of parquet boards. This must be done so that if the last row has to be cut, its width is 5 cm or more. If less, then we cut the first and last rows and make them the same width;

We connect the panels of the first row together, lay them with a spike against the wall. In order for the parquet board to fit snugly against the wall, the spike must be cut off in advance;
In order to avoid swelling and damage to the parquet board due to changes in the seasonal level of humidity, a gap of 10-15 mm must be left between the wall and the board. And to save it, we drive in special pegs;
to create a durable floor covering from a parquet board, it must be laid “in a row”. Therefore, we start laying the second row with a panel whose length is 2/3 of the normal one;
the panels of the second row are first connected to each other, and then the entire row moves towards the first, after which it is connected to it;

We finish the parquet board with a hammer through a wooden block

Important! All work on finishing the panels and creating an integral surface is carried out by finishing the panels in place with a hammer through a wooden block.

we start laying the third row with a panel, the length of which is 1/3 of the normal one;
the fourth row we start with a whole panel of parquet boards. Laying of all remaining rows is carried out in the same way as the first four rows;

Important! The last panel in each row should be finished off with a hammer and clamp.

The plinth should hide the gap between the wall and the first row of parquet boards

as soon as the last parquet board is laid, we take out the bursting pegs and install the plinth;
We attach the plinth to the kleimers, which are fixed to the wall. We set the first kleimers with an indent of 15 - 20 cm from the corner, we install the rest in increments of 40 - 50 cm.

In the process of laying the parquet board, you will have to face some installation difficulties near the pipes of the heating or water supply riser, as well as the doorway. In order for the floor covering in these places to look perfect, it is necessary to carefully cut the parquet board. For a doorway, it will be enough to outline and make an exact rectangular cutout. For laying parquet boards near pipes, everything is somewhat more complicated. It is necessary to mark the position of the pipes on the board, and then drill holes 1 - 2 mm larger than the diameter of the pipes. Now strictly in the center of the holes we cut off part of the panel. We lay the panels in place, we start the cut piece behind the pipes and also put it in place. For additional fixation, apply glue to the joints of the cut off part. To give an aesthetic appearance around the pipes, we install special plugs of the same color as the parquet.

Adhesive installation method

The adhesive way of laying parquet boards creates more monolithic structure, but the dismantling of such a floor is extremely difficult

In this laying method, the same sequence of actions is used as in the floating one. But there are a number of significant differences:

when laying on glue, waterproof plywood acts as a substrate. We carry out its laying in rows “in a row”, and we additionally fasten the plywood to the base with the help of pneumatic nails or self-tapping screws;
glue is applied to the surface of the base and the parquet board using notched trowel. We also fill the grooves at the end of the panels with glue. Remove excess glue with a damp cloth.

Of the disadvantages of this method of fastening, it should be noted increased labor costs and some complexity of the work. Also, if it becomes necessary to replace one or more parquet panels, you will have to face certain difficulties.

Laying with fasteners

The method using fasteners is used for laying on logs

All work is also carried out by analogy with the "floating" method of laying. The significant differences are as follows:

this method is most often used for solid parquet boards and for multilayer boards with a thickness of 20 mm;
laying with fasteners is used when a massive parquet board is laid directly on logs or a solid wooden base;
insulation and waterproofing is carried out at the stage of installation of the lag;
to fix the parquet board, it is necessary to drive a nail into the groove at an angle of 45 degrees or screw in a self-tapping screw.

Important! When laying on logs, it is necessary to ensure that the panel joints pass exactly in the middle of the log. Self-tapping screws or nails should be 2 to 2.5 times longer than the thickness of the board.

Regardless of how the parquet board will be laid, all work must be carried out carefully, adhering to the technology and recommendations of manufacturers. Only in this case, you can get a really reliable and beautiful flooring from parquet boards.

Parquet flooring, despite its many years of use and ever-growing diversity floor materials, does not lose ground at all and is still popular and in demand. After all, it is unusually pleasant to independently lay out an unusual pattern on a natural wood flooring. For this reason, the question does not lose its relevance: how to properly lay a parquet board with your own hands - then we will consider step-by-step instructions.

The main types of parquet for do-it-yourself laying

The most common types of parquet:

piece;
parquet board;
laminated (laminate);
modular.

Popularity block parquet pretty big. It consists of plates small sizes. A parquet board is a multi-layer structure consisting of one or more lower auxiliary layers and an upper front layer, which has a decorative appearance of a characteristic wood structure. Along the perimeter, each plank is equipped with locking elements in the form of a spike and a groove for connecting the planks to each other.

The length of the plates, as a rule, is a multiple of its width, which allows you to create a variety of geometric ornaments when decorating a parquet floor.

Parquet standard sizes:

width - from 5 to 7.5 centimeters;
length - from 21 to 49 centimeters;
thickness - in the range: 14-22 millimeters.

The optimal thickness of parquet for flooring in a residential area is 15-18 mm. With a smaller thickness, the number of scrapings of such a parquet floor is limited, only one processing may be allowed. Thicker planks allow repeated scraping, but do not have elasticity.

parquet board differs from piece parquet only in size. Its average dimensions are as follows:

width - from 12 to 20 cm;
length - from 1.1 m to 2.5 m;
thickness - in the range: 1-2.2 cm.

Parquet boards or modules- on a coniferous basis, a composition of parquet elements fastened together is typed and glued onto it. Such a module has a thickness: from 22 to 40 mm. Usually they are square in shape with side sizes: 400, 500, 600, 800 mm. Laying modular parquet is much faster than laying block parquet. On the laid flooring it is difficult to determine whether it is piece parquet or modular parquet.

Modular parquet allows you to make the simplest floor luxurious, in the style of the royal palace. Compositions are made up of modules, ornaments are much more complex and interesting than "herringbone" or "wickerwork".

The process of laying a parquet floor contains several stages:

Preparation of an old concrete or wooden base.
Waterproofing installation.
Performing a screed to level the surface of the base.
A screed can be replaced by laying a log.
Priming treatment of the screed.
Sheets of moisture-resistant plywood are glued to the screed or attached to the logs.
Laying parquet on plywood.
Sanding parquet flooring.
Putty parquet.
Priming of the surface of the parquet floor under the varnish.
Coating parquet with varnish layers (from 3 to 9).

All of these points must be carried out with high quality, otherwise there is no guarantee of long-term operation of the parquet flooring.

Preparing for parquet installation

Parquet material is laid on a rough base, usually it is:

concrete floor, covered with a screed or without it;
logs specially installed for laying the coating;
plywood sheets or plank floor, repaired, sanded.

Before laying the parquet, it is necessary to prepare the rough base, if necessary, to repair it. After the repair of the concrete base, a layer of waterproofing should be laid on its surface. It can be a polyethylene film (200 microns), laid with overlapping parts of about 15 cm, fastened with adhesive tape.

This is followed by the stage of performing a leveling screed, its thickness is about 5 cm. Before the start of the next stages of work, the screed needs time (1-2 months) to dry completely. Haste is unacceptable because wood material parquet laid on a poorly dried screed will absorb moisture from it, which will subsequently cause deformation of the parquet elements.

After drying, the surface of the screed should be primed. The surface of the screed must be flat. Permissible differences in its height: no more than 2 mm per 2 meters of the floor. This is checked by a two-meter flat rail, when it is positioned on the base in any direction, the maximum allowable clearance between it and the surface of the screed is 2 millimeters, it is better if it is smaller. A slope with a limitation of its size is allowed: no more than 0.2%, in fact it is unacceptable to exceed 5 cm.

There is another option: with the help of a self-adjusting floor, the preparation time for the concrete base will be reduced to one day.

Laying plywood under parquet on a screed

Moisture-resistant plywood sheets with a thickness of at least 12 mm should be cut into 4 equal parts.

The functions of moisture-resistant plywood under parquet are quite serious:

The surface is almost perfectly aligned.
The function of thermal insulation and sound insulation.
Adds durability.
It is a strong foundation for mounting parquet slabs. If they are attached directly to the screed, then when its surface layer is destroyed, the parquet floors will fall out. Mounting on plywood sheets is strong, holds them firmly.

Possible laying parquet without plywood directly on the screed only by adhesive method:

The plywood sheets must be 5mm thinner than the thickness of the parquet. But a thickness of less than 12 mm does not make sense to use as a base, because it is too small. In such a situation, it is possible to lay plywood sheets in two layers, but with a spaced seam.

Then a layer of glue is applied to the surface of the screed, plywood squares are laid according to the brickwork method, with offset joints, after which they are fastened with self-tapping screws. The caps are recessed 3 mm deep into the plywood to avoid further damage to the grinding machine disc.

Be sure to leave a gap of 3 mm between the plywood pieces to avoid deformation of the parquet from the expansion of the plywood.
Also leave gaps between each wall and plywood sheets of about 1 cm, this is a technological gap. It is possible to insert spacer wedges for stability.

The wedges are not removed until the parquet flooring is laid. After pulling out the wedges, the existing gap should be foamed so that the sidewalls of the parquet do not suffer from moisture during the further operation of the floor. The foamed gap will be hidden under the baseboard.

Next, you need to withstand the drying time of the glue - it is indicated on the packaging by the manufacturer. After the glue dries, the plywood surface is sanded at the seams, removing the difference in the levels of adjacent squares.

It is not necessary to pour a leveling screed onto a concrete base, you can use the old proven method: lay the floor on logs. So there is no need to level the concrete base, but waterproofing will need to be done, a dense plastic film is suitable for this purpose.

Then the lag is laid every 40 cm. In this capacity, bars with a section of 50 by 50 mm or 50 by 80 mm are suitable. The lags are attached to the base with corners and dowels. To ensure a constant level of the log in a place where the level is not observed (higher or lower), you can put backing wedges or, conversely, cut off a little with a planer.

The thickness of plywood sheets should be 5 mm less than the thickness of parquet boards. But, since the thickness of plywood less than 12 mm is insufficient for flooring as a base for parquet, therefore the plywood substrate is laid on the logs in two layers, their total thickness is about 30 mm.

cut into 4 equal rectangle plywood sheets are attached to the logs using self-tapping screws. Observe the offset of the seams between the sheets, as in brickwork, necessarily. Gaps between sheets of 2-3 mm and a technological gap near the walls of 1 cm are also required.

In a similar way, another row of pieces of plywood is laid on top. When laying the second floor, keep an eye on the offset of the seams: the seams of the first and second rows must not coincide. The bottom row of plywood sheets is processed with a primer, then with glue.

Then they are fixed with self-tapping screws, their size is determined by the thickness of two layers of plywood sheets. The caps are recessed 3 mm deep into the plywood to avoid further damage to the grinding machine disc. When the glue dries, sand the plywood.

Preparing an old plank floor

When laying parquet on an old plank floor, you should definitely inspect it meticulously. Creaks, dips, rotten floorboards are unacceptable. If one of these defects is present, it is necessary to repair the floor and repair or replace the logs.

Repaired plank base needs to be polished. You can lay parquet material directly on a leveled plank base without laying sheet plywood.

Parquet flooring methods

The technological process of laying parquet material can be performed in various ways:

floating method;
adhesive method;
flooring with fixation with nails;
laying on parquet glue with fixation with nails.

At floating method laying parquet are fastened to each other by inserting a spike into the groove. In this case, no fasteners are made to the base. Laminate flooring is laid in the same floating pattern.
So that the “floating” parquet floor does not creak in the future, a soundproof layer, for example, cork, is laid under it.

Parquet floors connected in this way will be able to increase or decrease in size with changes in temperature or humidity - without consequences. Such a "floating" parquet is easy to repair work- its disassembly and assembly are quite possible. In terms of strength, such a floor is not in the first positions: when at least one lock joint is weakened, the entire coating loses its stability and can deform.

Laying parquet with glue- more durable, but it is very difficult to repair if necessary. A sufficiently thick adhesive layer is applied to the base, parquet boards are placed on it, a spike is inserted into the groove. This method requires an increase in labor and financial costs due to the high consumption of glue.

Laying on a layer of glue with fixation with hardware- the most durable and in demand. The floor laid in this way does not deform, because the parquets are fastened in all directions. But this repair parquet flooring won't give in.

Laying a piece parquet board: step by step instructions

To create a beautiful and even pattern on the parquet, we will develop its scheme in advance on a sheet of paper. We will take correct dimensions rooms and parquet - to scale. If on paper any row does not fit with whole planks, then we redo the scheme in such a way that the edged rows are located around the perimeter of the room, and in the center - only whole ones. The beginning of laying parquet is also determined by the pattern.

We consider laying by the herringbone method.

It is possible to continue the work no earlier than after 7 days, it is necessary to allow the glue to dry. Sometimes experts advise to withstand six months, so that the parquet lays down well.

The next stage of work will be polishing the surface of the parquet in two passes or even more. For each run, a different type of sanding paper is used with a decrease in grain size. Grinding is performed until all defects that have appeared are removed. Then the floor is covered with stain (if they want to change the shade of the floor), then varnished in several layers.

Do-it-yourself options for laying piece parquet

Strip parquet lends itself very well to laying in a variety of patterns; for this, the dies should be placed in various directions and change the sequence.

The most common are the following types of laying piece parquet:

In addition to the examples given, there are a lot of their combinations with various shapes and patterns.

Video about laying strip parquet:

Do-it-yourself parquet laying

Ways of laying parquet board:

floating- the boards are interconnected by locking elements: a spike and a groove that are not fixed to the base;
adhesive: the board is laid on a layer of glue applied to the base;
using fasteners.

The technology of laying a parquet board is similar to the technology of laying piece parquet. Consider one of the installation methods - floating. In our case, the preparation of the base has already been completed (see the description of the preparatory work above), we proceed to laying the parquet board with our own hands.

The first board should be placed from the corner along the longest wall, but this is not a wall with a door. From the board to the wall, it is necessary to create a technological gap of about 1 cm; for this, wedges with the same thickness can be inserted into the gap. This should be done around the entire perimeter of the room. This will allow the coating to vary in size without consequences - with changes in temperature and humidity.
Lay the next planks along the wall to the end of the row. The last board in the row will need to be cut to size to fit into the remaining space. Don't forget to leave a gap.
Start the second row with the remaining trim of the last board from the first row. apply each board to the next, inserting the spike into the corresponding groove. To do this, the board to be laid is first held at an angle of 30º. Press forward and down so that the lock elements are connected. Next, with a rubber mallet, you need to tap on the sidewall of the extreme board so that the connection is strengthened.
Subsequent rows are stacked by analogy, to the last. Usually the boards of the last row need to be cut in width to fit the remaining space. In the gap between the wall and the last row of boards, do not forget to insert the wedges, providing a gap.
When the parquet installation is completed, all spacer wedges can be removed.
The last step is the installation of skirting boards that will also close the technological gaps along the walls.

Video of laying a parquet board with an adhesive method on plywood:

Laying a parquet board on a screed without plywood flooring is carried out similarly, but with an adhesive layer applied to the surface of the base. Once again, we recall that the base must be carefully prepared, leveled, and the screed primed. Only after that proceed with laying the parquet board on the glue.

This video will help you:

Laying panel (modular) parquet

Modular parquet is much easier and faster to install than piece parquet. The modules are assembled and firmly glued on a rigid base, they are not subject to deformation, like piece parquet.

But when stacking modules, even the smallest mistake will be very noticeable. For this reason, such material is very demanding on the preparation and alignment of the base, the impeccability of the laying process and the professionalism of the master.

Modular material is unpacked before laying. First, the elements are laid out on the floor without fixing to the base for the correct placement of the pattern, this will eliminate errors when mounting on glue.

Start laying from the corner farthest from the door and the longest wall. The glue is applied with a special notched trowel only on the part of the surface on which the coating will be mounted in the next 10 minutes.

The accuracy of the layout of the initial row affects the correct geometry of the pattern, because the following rows adjust to the first. Spacer wedges are inserted from the side of the wall, providing a uniform gap of 1 cm.

So on adhesive surface the entire first row is laid, with padding for good connection. You need to constantly monitor the evenness of the row and adjust if necessary. Upon completion of the row, adjusting to it, the subsequent rows are laid out similarly.

When laying, you need to make sure that the glue does not get into the tenon-groove system and onto the front surface of the parquet, and if it does, quickly clean it off using a parquet floor cleaner.

After installing the whole modules, after a short time for the glue to set, the laying of the trimmed modules around the perimeter, called the curb, begins. It starts from the corner farthest from the door. Cut the joints in the corners of the room carefully, without damaging the front side of the module.

Laying the trimmed elements is necessary in the same way as laying ordinary parquet. Do not forget about the technological gap near the walls, keep it even by inserting wedges or adjustable spacers (special spacers).

In the place where the pipe passes, etc. in the parquet modules, a cut is made with a small margin to ensure a gap of 1 cm.

At the end of laying, you need to clean the floor of dust and debris with a vacuum cleaner and treat the floor with a cleaner. Temporarily stop visiting the premises, one day after laying, remove the wedges and you can install the plinth around the entire perimeter. Skirting boards are attached to the wall, not to the parquet material.

Final stage

Features technological process installation of parquet floors is sufficient. But if you want to: study the materials for the preparatory work and ask how to lay the parquet, you can proceed. It is clear that the first time it will not be so easy. not so fast, but how pleasant the result, made by hand!

We hope that our step-by-step instruction she helped me understand how to lay parquet boards with my own hands, how to lay block parquet, how to lay herringbone parquet, and much more. Good luck!

Laying parquet on plywood: