What screws are needed for the crate on the roof. Installation of roof lathing and detailed installation of the base for various roof coverings. Choosing the direction of the crate

In the photo: the frame serves as the basis for fastening the lining

Wherever you sheathe surfaces, be it a balcony, a bathhouse or a dwelling, first of all, a crate is built for lining. In this review, we will figure out how to build a structure from a wooden bar and what nuances to pay close attention to. All recommendations are tested in practice, so using them, you will be able to carry out the work yourself.

Description of works

In order for the crate for lining to be strong and durable, it is necessary to follow a certain work technology.

It consists of three stages:

Calculation and purchase of material.
Preparing the bar for use.
Construction installation.

Each stage is important, so carefully read the entire review to eliminate errors during operation.

The first stage is the calculation and acquisition of material

To work, we need a very simple set of materials:

Wooden block.
Fasteners. See article.
Heater (if necessary).

FEATURE 1: frame spacing. The optimal distance between the elements of the crate is from 40 to 60 cm. If the lining is thin, then it is better to place the bars more often, this will give the structure additional rigidity. The distance may be different if the length of the walls does not allow maintaining the same step of the elements.
FEATURE 2: If there are openings, a bar must be fixed around the perimeter. If we are talking about doorways, then it is better to mount two racks at all to strengthen the system. Above and below it is desirable to mount guides.

FEATURE 3: when used, the thickness of the bar must not be less than the thickness of the heat-insulating material. The most commonly used option is 50x50 mm or 50x40 mm.
FEATURE 4: When purchasing material, pay attention to its moisture content. It should be no more than 15%. Raw elements may warp or crack when dried, so you should not use them.

Draw an approximate scheme of the crate with the step of the elements and their location. This will allow you to accurately calculate the required amount of material and not buy an extra bar.

FEATURE 5: insulation is calculated based on the area on which it will be attached;
FEATURE 6: fasteners are selected based on the type of base. For concrete and brick, quick-mount dowels are needed, for wood, self-tapping screws or nails are used.

The second stage is the preparation of the bar

The finished material must be prepared accordingly.

The work instructions look like this:

STEP 1: the material should be put for a couple of days in the room that will be finished. This will allow the bar to acclimatize so that its temperature and humidity are the same as in the room.
STEP 2: elements are treated with an antiseptic composition. This can be done with a regular brush, treating all surfaces in order. You can do otherwise and make a trough from the boards, which is covered with a film. An antiseptic is poured there, and the bar is simply dipped, this option provides the highest quality protection.

STEP 3: while the products are drying, you can prepare the walls. To do this, markings are applied on the surface according to the width of the racks. The work is done with a pencil and a level so that the lines are even. This will allow you to visually see how the design will look and simplify the work, you will not need to be distracted by controlling the correct position of the elements;

STEP 4: measurements are taken to determine the length of the bars. It is better to do this in several places, as the walls or ceiling may be uneven;

Do not forget to leave gaps of 5-10 mm so that the bar does not abut and does not deform when temperature and humidity changes.

STEP 5: cutting the bar is done with a hacksaw or electric jigsaw. It is important to correctly mark the elements and cut them perpendicularly so that the ends are even. It is also desirable to treat the cut off areas with an antiseptic so that the bar is completely protected from moisture and pests.

The third stage is the installation of the frame

Let's figure out how to make a crate for lining with your own hands.

The workflow looks like this:

STEP 1: First you need to drill holes in the bar. The diameter depends on which fastener will be used. At the same time, remember that it is better to make holes for self-tapping screws so that it is easier to tighten them. Fasteners are located in increments of 40-50 cm, the minimum indent from the edge is 30 mm.

STEP 2: Mounting points are also marked on the wall, and if necessary, drilling is performed. For work, a perforator with a drill of the appropriate diameter is used. Remember that for reliable fastening, the self-tapping screw or dowel must go into the surface by at least 50 mm. See also the article.

STEP 3: if the irregularities on the wall or ceiling are very significant, then it is easier to fix the bar with the help of suspensions. They are located along the line every 50 cm and are fixed perpendicular to the crate. The price of such fasteners is low, so the cost of the project will increase slightly.
STEP 4: when fastening, the ends of the suspension are bent to the bar, after which it is leveled and fixed in the desired position. This option is very convenient because of its simplicity and accuracy, so you can level any base very quickly.

When building your own home, an important process for decorating a roof is creating a crate. The level of protective properties of the future roof and the external attractiveness of the entire structure as a whole depend on the quality of the work performed.

To create a reliable roof yourself, first familiarize yourself with important concepts and its schematic structure.

Roof frame - rafters that perform a load-bearing function.

The crate of the roof of the house is a structure made of beams and boards of various sections, which is mounted on the rafters. It contributes to the rational distribution of the load from ice, roofing material, snow masses. Another important value is the creation of ventilation due to the gap between the insulating material and the decorative flooring.

Types of crates

When deciding the question “how to make a roof crate”, you need to clearly imagine what it can be. This approach will help you make the right decision and create the most suitable type of structure. The main criteria for the difference are the number of layers and the frequency of mounting rails.

Construction types

solid (the gap between the bars is not more than 1 cm)
slightly sparse (interval sizes from 3-4 cm)
sparse, it is also ordinary (intervals from 30 to 75 cm and above)
two-layer
single layer

How to choose the right type of crate?

Make the choice of technology, taking into account the type of roof and flooring. Also, these criteria will affect the choice of material for the construction of the crate.

Important! The technology of lathing a flat roof is not particularly different from a pitched one. It is much easier to perform, especially if the angle of inclination is less than 2.5 degrees. In this case, its cost will be much cheaper.

How much does a crate cost?

In order to calculate the roof sheathing, use a specially created computer program for calculating the amount of material needed. Enter the roof and consumable parameters that you know, after which the calculation will be performed automatically.

Important! Roof parameters, consider not only those shown in the diagram. Measure real indicators - often they do not match. Also note the placement and width of the drain - its parameters affect the length of the roof, that is, respectively, and the total area.

Tools

Prepare the following tools for the job:

Installation of the roof lathing under the metal tile

If you chose metal tiles as a roofing material, pay attention to the following nuances in the process of creating the crate:

Consumable

bars with a section of 30-40 mm
boards with a section of 20-25 mm more (for installing the lower beam)
bars with a section of 20-30 mm
anti-condensation film
galvanized hardware (screws, nails)
wood preservative.

Mounting technology

Important! Do not stretch the film.

Important! The length of the hardware is determined by the thickness of the timber. For reliable fastening, the length of nails and screws must necessarily exceed it by 3 times.

Video

The video will help you visually understand the process of creating a crate for a metal tile.

Roof sheathing for corrugated board

Among the distinctive features of corrugated board as a roofing material, we highlight the possibility of its installation even on roofs with a slight slope. At the same time, when doing the roof lathing with your own hands, followed by the installation of sheet material, clearly follow the conditions of the technology. This will ensure the duration and reliability of operation.

The choice of technology is based on the angle of the roof slope:

Important! It is advisable to use a two-layer construction to create a reliable and durable support for the profile sheet.

Consumables

Sequence of work

Important! Between the first two beams, make the gap a little larger, taking into account the degree of load.

Important! Around chimneys, pipes, vents and fire holes, make a solid roof sheathing to give the necessary rigidity.

Lathing under a soft roof

The main requirement for a crate for soft tiles is smoothness and density in order to preserve the integrity of the future coating during installation.

Material required for work

edged calibrated planed board 14 cm wide
plywood sheets
roofing film
film fasteners
roofing hardware.

Sequencing

Slate roof sheathing

If you chose slate as a roofing material, then the basic rules for creating a crate will be similar to the above technologies. But, there are some distinctive nuances.

Material used

Bars: 75x75 mm - for a regular profile 68x120 mm - for a wavy
roofing nails
waterproofing film
solution for additional protection of wood.

Technology

Apply a slightly sparse installation method for flat slates and a sparse one with a large gap between the bars for a corrugated profile.

Carry out the installation of the insulating film in accordance with the rules described above.
Install the bars starting from the bottom edge of the roof.
Align the first beam along the cornice line, strictly observing the horizontal.
Install subsequent boards in increments of 50 cm for a regular slate profile and 80 cm for a wavy one.
Important! The even bars must be thicker or 3 cm higher than the odd bars. This principle will help prevent the curvature of slate sheets.

Secure all the beams with roofing nails.

Important! The support of each slate sheet should fall on the edges and the middle, that is, the load is distributed in three places.

How to make a roof crate for rolled material?

In this case, use exclusively solid mounting technology or, if it is necessary to install a double layer, make only the lower one sparse.

Consumable

grooved boards: thickness - from 200-250 mm, width 100-150 mm
tongue-and-groove boards with rounded edges
antiseptic for material processing
nails
anti-condensation film
a strip of roofing steel 30 cm wide.

Mounting sequence

The preparatory process is no different from creating a sheathing for other types of roofs - make waterproofing and process wood.

Fasten a strip of steel intended for roofing along the entire length of the ridge.
Mount a solid crate, starting from the eaves, placing the joints of the boards in a checkerboard pattern.

Important! Be sure to check the fit of the boards to each other.

At the ends of the roof, mount boards with rounded edges to prevent damage to the soft flooring and make it possible to conveniently tuck the soft material.
Secure with nails, sinking the hat into the thickness of the wood.
Check the absence of bumps and protruding nails at the end of the installation, if any - fix it.
Check the strength of the created structure, the indicator will be the absence of deflections under the person.

When laying a double layer of lathing for the outer layer, use slats 5-7 cm thick. In this case, install at an inclination of 45 degrees.

Video

The attached video of the process of creating the crate will help you better understand the technology.

Conclusion

From the entire installation process described above for different types of roofs, we can conclude that the basic principles of the technology are similar, the difference is in the nuances that are of particular importance. Therefore, it is not surprising that the price for the roof lathing will vary in accordance with the complex of selected materials.

Despite the apparent simplicity of the construction process when creating the crate, pay special attention to the accuracy of the parameters of the materials used and the observance of the technology stages. Only when these conditions are met, the lathing will become a reliable solid foundation for roofing and ensure long-term operation.

Most materials are attached to the building envelope not directly, but through an "intermediary". This is both more convenient and, if necessary, simplifies repairs. In some cases, this method of installation is a mandatory technological condition. A specialized frame designed for such installations is called a crate. Further in the article, we will talk about how the crate is being installed, what it happens to be, and according to what rules it is calculated.

Although the most common design in which the crate is used is pitched roofs, there are other planes where it is suitable. The most popular option is a wooden crate, but there are also metal structures.

The order of work is usually the following:

If there are bulges on the rafters at the points where the beam passes, they are cut off
In the case when a vapor barrier device is planned, it is laid on the rafters, fixed with a stapler. At the same time, the laying starts from the ridge, with the overlapping of the panels through it. If the membrane is transparent, the measuring cords can be removed completely. Otherwise, the film is slipped under the twine when laying
If there are recesses on the rafters under the future timber, they are leveled with stuffed rails, a set of pieces of roofing material of the desired thickness
Beams or boards begin to be fixed from the ridge beam, depending on the coating material and the chosen method of arranging the ridge assembly - at a distance from the run from 40 to 150 mm for each slope
As a rule, the crate is installed in pieces, while simultaneously closing the area of \u200b\u200bthe slope, determined by the length of the existing beam or board. Then move on to the next run.

Important information! It rarely happens that a wooden crate is made from a solid board or timber. As a rule, the standard length of lumber is much less than the length of the slope. Therefore, the elements of the crate have to be spliced along the length. This is done in such a way that the joint of the beam falls on the rafters, the edges of both spliced pieces are fastened with nails. It is important to ensure that in adjacent horizontal rows the joints are displaced, falling on different bars. To do this, the lumber is cut to the appropriate length.

Regardless of what the main distance between, in the places of valleys and grooves (concave joints of slopes), it is arranged solid, possibly using sheet material, sometimes tin
Under the elements passing through the roof - various parapets or chimneys, their own crate is arranged, which is calculated separately. For example, for a chimney - it should be in any part of it at a distance of at least 150, and without thermal insulation for ceramic pipes - and 250 mm

ADVICE! The lathing should be arranged in dry weather, immediately before laying the roofing material. Wet bars or boards will definitely begin to warp

Immediately after the installation of the crate, a layer of insulation is laid, if one is designed, and a waterproofing film is attached over the beams with a stapler

With the advance calculation and cutting of lumber, the installation of the crate is greatly accelerated and takes less effort. Therefore, additional time should be devoted to preliminary preparation, and it should be done qualitatively.

If we summarize all the cases when the crate is arranged, we can deduce three large groups:

Roofing device
Installation of interior walls and partitions
Creation of ventilated, hinged and other decorative facades

As a rule, in the last two cases, the crate really looks like a checkered structure. On the roof, the options can be very different.

The scheme of the carrier system is determined by the coating material used, and is calculated separately in each case.

According to this principle, the following types can be distinguished:

The usual step of the crate - as a rule, is in the range of 20-40 cm between the bars or boards
Sparse - when the distance between the elements is 50-75 cm, sometimes more
Solid crate - made of boards with a distance between them of up to 10 mm (the gap is made to avoid damage to the roof in case of swelling or drying of the boards). Dry tes is laid close, sometimes a grooved connection is arranged. Also, sometimes they arrange a structure made of solid sheet materials: OSB, moisture-proof chipboard or plywood

ADVICE! When arranging a crate from boards, each of them is attached to each rafter with two nails along the edges. It is impossible to nail the boards with one nail in the center, since if the roofing is twisted out, it can be damaged.

As a rule, the step of the lathing depends on the size of the roofing material and its rigidity: the greater the length of its unit, the less often the timber or boards are placed.

She is also satisfied with the construction of roofs that are curved or have a complex shape.

The thickness of the crate can be different. Sometimes they arrange a crate in two layers. In this case, the lower layer can be sparse, and the upper layer can be continuous. The first level is arranged parallel to the roof ridge, and the second can be located perpendicular to it, or diagonally.

It also provides for the manufacture of a crate in two layers when laying a thick insulation - for example, foam plastic 100 mm thick. In this case, two 50x50 mm bars are stuffed sequentially across the rafters, one on top of the other.

Usually the crate is arranged from a bar 50x50, 50x60, 60x60 or 75x75 mm, as well as from a board from 20 to 50 mm. In this case, the width of the board should not exceed 150 mm, since a wider material is prone to increased deformation under the influence of dampness and temperature.

The calculation of the crate is carried out together with the truss system, since both the pitch of the beam and its cross section will depend on the pitch of the rafters.

Important information! The length of fasteners (nails or self-tapping screws) is taken as double the thickness of the lathing material). For example, for a bar 50x50 - this is 100 mm. Sheathing is fastened to each roof rafter.

Boards and timber should not have protruding knots and other defects, and for fragile coating materials, such as slate, and significant depressions.

Under the installation of a roof made of rolled materials, the joints of the unedged board are sheathed with galvanized iron, and in the places of bends and junctions, the corners of the board or beam are rounded so as not to damage the elastic coating.

Also, with solid pieces of metal, the outermost 30 cm of the batten are sheathed in the place of the roof overhang.

The order of work is usually the following:

On the extreme rafters mark the location of the bars or boards of the crate
Along the entire slope, with the help of a cable, the places where the bars or boards are fastened are measured.

An example of a continuous crate

Important information! It rarely happens that a wooden crate is made from a solid board or timber. As a rule, the standard length of lumber is much less than the length of the slope. Therefore, the elements of the crate have to be spliced along the length. This is done in such a way that the joint of the beam falls on the rafters, the edges of both spliced pieces are fastened with nails. It is important to ensure that in adjacent horizontal rows the joints are displaced, falling on different bars. To do this, the lumber is cut to the appropriate length.

Regardless of the main distance between the roof lathing, in the places of valleys and grooves (concave slope joints), it is arranged solid, possibly using sheet material, sometimes tin
Under the elements passing through the roof - various parapets or chimneys, their own crate is arranged, which is calculated separately. For example, for a chimney - it should be in any part of it at a distance of at least 150, and without thermal insulation for ceramic pipes - and 250 mm

ADVICE! The lathing should be arranged in dry weather, immediately before laying the roofing material. Wet bars or boards will definitely begin to warp

Immediately after the installation of the crate, a layer of insulation is laid, if one is designed, and a waterproofing film is attached over the beams with a stapler

Installation of wooden lathing: distance between fasteners, pitch, thickness

601) Mounting a wooden crate is a simple matter if you know how to calculate the distance between the fasteners or the step, the thickness of the bars themselves. And that's exactly what

Why do you need a roof sheathing, what happens, under what material which one to choose

It is impossible to equip a roofing system without lathing, which is laid on top of the rafter legs. It serves as a place for direct fastening of the roof finish sheathing.

What is the roof made of?

Thanks to the roof, the building not only receives a decorated appearance: it also has a protective function to prevent rain, snow, heat and cold from getting inside the ceilings. In addition, thanks to the roof, the impact of wastewater on walls and basement surfaces is noticeably reduced, which significantly increases their service life. Most often, there are 2 or 4 slopes on the roof of the building: moreover, the second design involves several arrangement options.

The composition of a conventional gable roof includes:

rafters. To connect these vertical or horizontal supports, a corner connection is usually used, equipped with bolts and brackets.
Mauerlat. This bar is in a horizontal position. It relies on individual elements of the rafters.
overhangs. This is the name of the lower sections of the rafters.
Skate. It is located on top of the structure, in the area where the rafters join.
Lathing, counter lathing. Basic parts for laying roofing materials and insulation.
Waterproofing and insulation materials. With their help, warm attics are equipped.
roof deck. May be hard or soft.

In general, the roof is divided into cold and warm subspecies. The first option involves laying thermal insulation in the attic space: the roof in such a scheme is not insulated. The second method involves laying insulation and waterproofing. Basically, this approach is used to design attic residential floors.

The purpose of the lathing in the roofing system

Thanks to the crate, the following tasks are achieved:

There is a reliable fastening of roofing materials.
The space between the roof and the insulation in this case is well ventilated: this is especially important for adjacent areas of warm and cold roofing layers.
It is convenient to fix a layer of insulation and waterproofing on the roof sheathing.
The truss system receives protection from excessive load in cases of heavy snowfall.

What tools and materials will be needed

Before making the crate on the roof, you should prepare the following tools and materials:

Wooden beam of the first grade, 6 m long, without knots and other defects. The cross section is selected depending on which finishing material will be used. Under the metal tile, you will need products with a section of 50x50 mm, a metal roof is equipped with a beam of 60x40 mm. Ceramic tiles are laid on a beam with a square section of 75x75.
Edged board 25x100 mm, 6 m long. Small flaws in the form of rare knots are allowed here. Some cases involve replacing boards with OSB boards, plywood or chipboard panels.
Hacksaw, chainsaw.
Mounting foam.
Hammer, perforator.
Bolts with nuts of large sizes. Fastening is also carried out with staples and nails.
Building level, tape measure.

Varieties of roofing lathing

When studying the question of how to properly make a roof sheathing, it is important to know about the most popular system designs. The choice of a suitable batten option directly depends on the roofing material used.

There are two main types of crates:

Solid. When laying the beams, a gap of 10 mm is assumed. A continuous crate is usually designed for soft tiles, roll laying, flat slate or metal tiles. To give the roof additional reliability, the structure is fixed over the cornice overhangs, as well as in the areas where the slopes adjoin. Making a choice in the direction of this crate, you need to prepare for a significant consumption of material.
sparse. The gap between the timber in this case can reach several centimeters, which is very convenient for laying natural tiles, metal sheets and wave slate.

We mount the roofing crate with our own hands

After the rafter system is fully equipped, a careful measurement of the roof is carried out. This is done with a rope, which simplifies the measurement of the diagonals. When comparing two indicators, it is desirable that they do not differ from each other by more than 20 mm. If this tolerance is exceeded, subsequent work may encounter certain difficulties. Next, the vapor barrier and insulation are laid, in the form of mineral wool or other suitable material.

Do-it-yourself roof lathing is assembled on top of a previously laid waterproofing film, when laying which an overlap of 15 cm is observed. It is most convenient to mount the sheets from the top and down, taking the directions of the rafters. A construction stapler is suitable for attaching the film. On top of the rafters, slats are stuffed to create a counter-lattice.

It is important not to forget about the ventilation gaps separating the film and the roofing material being laid. Simply put, when laying the film, it is important to leave sagging. In the same way, the separation of the film and insulation is carried out. To simplify the task of how to properly make a crate on the roof, a crate template is used, which is designed to strictly comply with the design parameters.

If a soft roof is laid, then the installation of the elements of the crate is carried out by the method of alignment and docking. To avoid subsequent deformation, the solid structure must be fastened with particular care, using at least two nails on each beam.

How to attach under roll material

For laying roll sheets, you need a solid type roofing lathing, made of beams and boards with a thickness of at least 25 mm. In this case, the flooring should have a dense, without cracks, laying. The pitch of the crate is chosen not less than 15 cm, otherwise the roofing material will begin to deform. It is important to achieve the ideal smoothness of the lathing surface, with the obligatory drowning of nail heads and self-tapping screws deep into the wood.

How to make a soft roof

Installation of a soft type roof lathing is most common, due to the high popularity of this roof. Such material is inexpensive, and it is very easy to mount it. Here you will also need to equip a solid type crate, which is equipped with a special calibrated board. Such laying has a two-layer structure, in compliance with the maximum evenness of the joints.

Under these conditions, grooved board and roofing plywood, which have undergone preliminary antiseptic impregnation, have proven themselves well. To avoid damage to the soft roof in the corner areas, the ends of the boards must be rounded.

Under the tiles

According to experts, it is tiled roofs that have the most optimal performance characteristics in terms of quality and durability. Usually these are single-layer structures, the crate under which is equipped with bars with a cross section of at least 6 cm.

The laying step is guided by the dimensions of the tiles used. Some situations involve the creation of a double crate, from the same material. To achieve a uniform fit of the tiles, it is required to build the most even plane of the structure. This implies the use of timber with the same size.

What is the difference between the crate for slate and metal tiles

For arranging the crate, one or two layers of laying can be used. The first option involves the use of a bar with a square section of 50 mm. The optimal step in this case is 50 cm, with the elements laid in a parallel direction to the ridge. If a unified profile is used instead of the usual wavy slate, then the step can be increased to 80 cm, with an increase in the cross section of the beam to 75 mm. The main thing at the same time is that under each slate span there should be at least three crossbars.

Most of all, in this design, the cornice is loaded, so its thickness should be increased. Skates and overhangs are made out by continuous floorings. To achieve uniform load distribution and sheet stacking density, even bars are made thicker than odd ones by 30 mm. In order for the structure to last as long as possible, before attaching the crate to the roof, all its wooden parts must be treated with special fire-fighting and antiseptic compounds (for more details: “How and with what to process the rafters and the crate - choose an antiseptic”). To apply them, you need a paint brush: impregnation is carried out in two layers.

To test the quality of a fire-fighting substance, it is enough to chip off a small piece of treated wood and try to set it on fire. A well-protected material ignites only when it is exposed to an open flame: upon its removal, the substance immediately dies out.

Competent design and arrangement of the roof will be the key to both the aesthetic beauty of the house and its protection from all external influences. At the same time, it is important to achieve good quality of each individual part of the roof structure. The crate, despite its invisibility, plays a very important role, therefore, when arranging it, it is important to comply with all the necessary requirements and norms, how to make a roof crate. Particular attention is paid to the selection of suitable building materials of appropriate quality.

Roof sheathing: how to fix, installation on the roof, how to make the right roof sheathing with your own hands

To build a beautiful, comfortable home for a family is a city dweller's dream. Having studied all the subtleties of building art, you will be able to bring the idea to life. But, during the work, one of the main questions will be - how to make a roof crate? Approach it correctly, because the protective and aesthetic properties of the roof depend on the quality of execution.

The need for a frame

Before moving on to listing the types of roof battens, figure out what a batten is and what it is used for. The crate used for the roof of private buildings is a construction of wooden beams and boards. The process of installing a roofing system is necessary in order to:

evenly distribute the load of a person who walks along the surface during its maintenance;
fix the materials with high quality - a frame welded from metal or made of wood is used on the crate;
correctly create a ventilation space between the ceiling and waterproofing, which protects the building from condensation;
in a timely manner to prevent the accumulation of moisture in places of the border of warm and cold roofing layers;
fully protect the rafters from the effects of weather precipitation (snow and ice).

The number of layers that the crate has will depend on the slope of the roof. For a shed roof, a horizontal single-layer coating is sufficient. The two-layer method involves working with the lower bearing bars fixed in increments of 50-100 cm. A layer of plywood or wooden boards is attached on top of it. The reception will save material and align with the help of the roof lathing the errors of the truss system.

Types of roof frames

Roofing needs a reliable and durable surface on which it will fit. An incorrect construction algorithm will lead to deformations, the lack of protective functions of the dwelling during bad weather.
Depending on the number and frequency of mounted strips, the type of material used, the angle of inclination, the frame is divided into the following types:

Double layer. It is used in cases where the maximum reinforcement of the structure is required. The first layer is laid with a large step, and the second - with a regular or without a gap.
Solid. It is carried out at intervals of about 1 cm and prevents the appearance of deformations during shrinkage or swelling of the tree.
Normal, with a step of 20-40 cm. It is mainly used to reinforce the coating of metal profile sheets.
Sparse. The gaps between the board reach 75 cm. It is used for lightweight floors.

In order to correctly select the right material, purchase a tool, you need to draw up a drawing of the crate and carry out preparatory manipulations.

Used materials and tools

It is difficult to choose a floor material for covering a building. Slate, corrugated board, tiles - which of these positions is suitable for overlapping? It all depends on your desires and financial capabilities.

Cost calculation

To find out how to make the crate correctly, you need to carry out calculations. The basic rule of construction is precise planning of costs and quantity of raw materials. For calculations, you will need the following data:

roof size;
material type;
roofing structure.

If designing yourself seems like a daunting task, use an online program. Enter the size of the coating, all known parameters of the materials used - the program will automatically perform the calculation.

Purchase of building materials for wooden crates

Use dried wood, without visible defects. The presence of knots, cracks can lead to a violation of the integrity of the structure and to subsequent destruction. The following materials and tools are used for work:

wooden beam with a section of 50 × 50, 60 × 60, 75 × 75 mm;
edged boards for the crate with a section of 150 × 20, 150 × 50 mm;
fasteners (self-tapping screws, nails) with a length twice the size of the beam;
level, pencil, tape measure for marking;
circular saw used when cutting roofing material;
a hammer for nails or a screwdriver, if self-tapping screws are used.

Lumber must be marked and cut according to the drawing. If electrical equipment is not available, it can be bought or rented.

Installation technology

After completing the preliminary calculations, having purchased the necessary materials and tools, you can proceed with the installation. For different types of flooring, there are separate technological nuances. But the general order of production is as follows:

Carefully measure the roof after the truss frame is installed. To do this, it is necessary to check the diagonals on all slopes with a nylon cord. Deviations should not exceed 20 mm, because the run-up will cause difficulties in the further fastening of the roof.
Treat all wooden elements with antiseptic solutions to avoid rotting and insect damage.
Lay waterproofing materials on the rafters.
Install the bottom rails. Use for these purposes a beam of large section.
Continue the work by laying the boards with the selected pitch. For each type of flooring, it is selected individually. An incorrectly performed step can lead to weakening of the entire structure.
If it is necessary to make insulation, place mineral wool on the first layer, and, after that, a second layer of the crate can be made.
Lay the edge boards next to each other to use for the subsequent decoration of the ridge.
Fasten on both sides, and with a large overhang, make additional fixation.

These rules should be followed when installing the frame under any type of roofing material. But there are some minor differences.

Features of moisture protection of the crate

To create a waterproofing layer, vapor-barrier or hydro-barrier materials are used. When working with them, an overlap of 10-15 cm should be maintained. Waterproofing is mounted in the direction from the eaves to the ridges, with a slight tension. Ventilation holes are formed due to the sagging of the film material, which is fixed with a construction stapler.

How to make a crate for corrugated board?

The roof lathing under the corrugated board differs in some nuances. The profile sheet has a large load - a person can walk along it without fear of falling through. When working with a profiled sheet, consider several important nuances:

for a corrugated roof, it is required to clearly maintain the step between the boards. Its distance can be varied from 50 to 150 cm, focusing on the wave of the material and its marking (sheets with the H index will be optimal for roofing systems);
using sheets with a height of less than 35 millimeters for work, the step should be kept to a minimum. This will increase the strength and rigidity of the coating;
the standard parameters of wooden planks are less than the size of the slope, so it is necessary to splice them;
in the horizontals, the joints must be shifted so that the structure does not weaken;
for corrugated board, special fasteners are used - galvanized self-tapping screws with rubber washers that prevent sheets from collapsing during fastening. The connection is carried out using rivets.

If a shed roof with a slight slope was built from a profile sheet, you need to make a solid frame from boards 60-70 mm wide. Nail heads are sunk as much as possible. The board for the crate is laid strictly at an angle of 45 degrees. Only well-dried wood is used so that warping does not occur when it is tightly packed.

Lathing for slate roofing - specifics

For crates under the slate, it is desirable to purchase bars of increased cross section. Three beams must be placed under each sheet to evenly distribute the load. Fastening is carried out with special slate nails in places where the wave touches the wood. Use lumber without deflections to ensure a tight, gap-free fit of the slate sheet.

We make a frame for a metal tile

In addition to profile sheets, there is another type of durable and durable coating - metal tiles. When building a house, it is placed in a single layer. The crate can be made by stuffing bars with a cross section larger than 1 mm onto the rafters. The construction step depends on the parameters of the tile. For a uniform fit of the roof, the frame is made as even as possible. The location of the boards is checked by the level.

Advantages of self-construction

The roof, installed in compliance with the requirements of the technological process, will last for many years, save your home from destruction. After studying the recommendations on the issue, you can personally perform time-consuming tasks. Having made a set of measurements with the required accuracy, following the recommendations for installation, you will receive solid and durable protection against all kinds of adversity, ensure peace and comfort of living in a country house.