Classification of settlements. Obtaining the status of a settlement

Settlement - a place of permanent or temporary residence of people. This is a territory built up with residential and industrial buildings, cultural and community facilities.

The separation of industrial labor from agricultural labor led to the emergence of two main types of settlements - urban and rural. V different countries Various quantitative characteristics have been adopted, according to which a particular settlement is classified as urban or rural. However, the main differences between them are not so much in the number of inhabitants, but in the functions (economic, cultural, administrative and political) that the settlement performs. In Latvia, for example, all settlements with more than 2,000 inhabitants are considered urban, but in Moldova, a significant proportion of the population lives in villages with more than 5,000 inhabitants.

The study of the city requires a special combination of knowledge in the field of not only geography, but also history, art and architecture, etc. Everyone can discover some new features in his city that no one has yet revealed. Economic geography also plays an important role in this.

What is required to understand the economic and geographical features of a modern city?

It is important to understand and evaluate its economic and geographical position, to establish the origin of the name. It is also necessary to trace the development of the city, the growth in the number and changes in the composition of its inhabitants, the increase in the territory it occupies.

It is necessary to determine the economic specialization of the city and its place in the single economic complex of the country. Therefore, its transport and economic ties with other cities and regions are necessarily studied. Finally, it is very interesting to find out the prospects for the further development of my native city.

By population, cities are divided into small (up to 50 thousand inhabitants), medium (up to 100 thousand inhabitants) and large (more than 100 thousand inhabitants). The growth in the number of cities with a population of over 500,000 gave rise to the category of super-large, or largest, cities. In 1917, there were only 2 of them in our country, and according to the 1979 census, there were already 45. Cities with a population of more than a million people are real giants.

Our country has really become a country big cities. In total, they are home to about 50 million people, or almost 40% of the population. The share of small and medium-sized cities, urban-type settlements accounts for about 30 million people, or approximately 22% of the country's population.

A big city is at the same time a large industrial center, an administrative, scientific and cultural center, and a powerful transport hub. With rare exceptions, all the capitals of the autonomous republics, regional and regional centers are large cities. At the same time, the other part of the big cities, not being officially one or another administrative center, nonetheless perform important organizational and economic functions in relation to a particular area.

Big cities accumulate not only material and spiritual values. They also multiply shortcomings and give rise to a number of complex scientific and technical problems. One of the main ones is the preservation of a healthy human environment.

Small and medium cities- a support and a lever for the transformation of rural settlement, an important tool for overcoming the differences between the city and the countryside. At the same time, they are a means of regulating large cities, which are threatened with excessive growth.

One of the most important features of the modern life of people in many countries of the world is connected with cities. Their growth, the increase in the proportion of city dwellers in the population, the spread of the urban way of life to the countryside - all this is called urbanization.

On the territory of Russia, as well as throughout the planet, cities were distributed unevenly. In the north and east of our country, they are separated from each other at very respectful distances. The picture is different around the largest cities in populated areas, where powerful territorial production complexes have already been formed, as well as at the main port "entrances and exits" from the country. There is a close proximity of large and small cities. The gap between them is reduced to a few kilometers. Sometimes neighboring cities get so close that they seem to grow into each other. In a continuous strip along sections of railways of considerable length, urban settlements in the Moscow region stretch without interruption. Here are the real constellations of cities.

Groups and clusters of cities that are closely located and closely related in labor, cultural and domestic terms are called agglomerations. More than 80% of all citizens of the country live in them.

Rural settlements- These are settlements with a relatively small number of inhabitants, most of whom are engaged in agriculture. Rural settlements also include such settlements where residents are employed in forestry, in transport services, etc. The size of rural settlements ranges from tiny, with up to 10 inhabitants, to giant villages with a population of 5 or more thousand inhabitants.

The co-operation of small peasant farming and the creation of powerful agricultural enterprises gave impetus to the concentration of the rural population in large villages and towns. This process makes it possible to successfully solve the problem of undesirable differences between the city and the countryside. In each of the hundreds of thousands of villages and villages in our country, it is far from always economically feasible to build a water pipe and lay a sewer, establish electricity and gas supplies, even have a school and a club, a library and a shop. All this is available only to large modern rural settlements.

Deepening the specialization of agriculture, its concentration and mechanization, and the creation of agro-industrial complexes can only be achieved on the basis of large rural settlements. That is why the main direction of improving the existing system of resettlement of rural residents in many regions of the country, for example, in the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia, is the transition from a network of small settlements to settlements that are much larger in size and with a higher level of improvement.

In geographic local history, rural settlements are studied as an integral part of larger and more complex objects. The analysis of the location of settlements within the boundaries of this economy is carried out, an assessment of the economic and geographical position of the central estate is given, and the significance of each settlement is clarified. It is necessary to collect information on the number of inhabitants, their age composition, employment by certain types of agricultural labor. It is desirable to have such data in dynamics, i.e., for a sufficiently long series of years. The analysis is completed by the characterization of cultural and living conditions and the prospects for their improvement in the countryside.

Such a study of rural settlements makes it possible to trace socio-economic changes in the countryside, helps to identify the most promising settlements for further growth and development.

The term "settlement" (settlement) has a broad interpretation in the literature. In the Dictionary of the Russian Language S.I. Ozhegov, a settlement is understood as "a settlement, as well as in general a place where someone lives, dwells." In turn, the locality is "the general name of the places where people live (city, village, town, etc.)". A number of authors propose to understand a settlement as "a place where people live compactly (in a certain limited area)."

According to other researchers, a settlement is “a place of permanent residence of people, adapted for life, economic activity and recreation, where housing, administrative and utility buildings are concentrated. Thus, the concepts of "settlement" and "settlement" practically coincide.

Until recently, federal legislation did not disclose the concept of "settlement", and also did not establish (and does not establish) the administrative-territorial structure and the procedure for changing it in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The reason for this is the assignment by the Federal Law of October 6, 1999 “On general principles organizations of legislative (representative) and executive bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation” issues of administrative-territorial structure to the number of powers of the legislative body of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

From this, in turn, follows the problem of the relationship between the concept of "municipal formation" and the concept of "administrative-territorial unit". A municipal formation “may or may not be an administrative-territorial unit, and the mere existence of an administrative-territorial unit does not in itself entail without fail implementation within its boundaries of local self-government.

The boundaries in which local self-government is exercised may not always coincide with the boundaries of administrative-territorial units, therefore, it is necessary to distinguish between the concepts of "territory of a settlement" and "territory of a municipal formation". On the territory of a settlement there may be one municipal formation (“urban district”), and then these concepts coincide, but there may also be several municipal formations (“intra-urban territories”), or several settlements may be part of one municipal formation (“rural settlement”). "). Then these concepts have a different semantic load.

As noted in the scientific legal literature, “the laws of the subject of the Federation on the administrative-territorial division and the legislation regulating the territorial structure of local self-government operate in very close, but not coinciding planes. The institute of the administrative-territorial structure functions as the basis of state power, and the institution of the territorial structure of local self-government functions as an organization of municipal government. The vagueness of the definitions that determine the administrative-territorial division of the subject of the Federation and the territorial structure of the municipality has led to the actual mixing of these two different phenomena.

Indeed, it is difficult to deny the existence of a number of differences in the goals and objectives of the administrative-territorial division of the territory of a subject of the Russian Federation and the delimitation of its territory into a number of municipalities. At the same time, the establishment of a mismatched system internal structure subject of the Russian Federation entails a certain amount of confusion and uncertainty. The appearance of the latter is largely due to the lack of uniformity in the approaches of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to determine the internal structure of their territory. The laws of a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation establish that the boundaries of municipalities may not coincide with the boundaries of administrative-territorial units. In turn, both types of these boundaries may or may not coincide with the boundaries of settlements.

So, according to paragraph 1 of article 8 of the Law of the Voronezh region "On the administrative-territorial structure of the Voronezh region and the procedure for changing it" dated October 27, 2006, the boundaries of the administrative-territorial units of the urban district, urban settlement may not coincide with the boundaries of the territorial units of a city or urban-type settlement. Based on Article 2 of the Law of the Rostov region "On the administrative-territorial structure of the Rostov region" dated July 25, 2005 No. 340-ZS (as amended on January 14, 2008), an administrative-territorial entity is an urban district or a municipal district within the boundaries and with the name established by the relevant regional law on the establishment of boundaries and conferring the status of a municipal formation.

Accordingly, one of the principles of the administrative-territorial structure is the coincidence of the boundaries and names of administrative-territorial entities, administrative-territorial units and the boundaries and names of the respective municipalities.

Since the administrative-territorial structure is assigned to the jurisdiction of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the regions, there are different approaches to the definition of the concept of "settlement". In the laws of some constituent entities of the Russian Federation, a populated area is understood as “a part of the territory that has concentrated development within the established border and serves permanent place residence of the population". In the laws of other subjects of the Russian Federation, a settlement is a part of a populated territory of an administrative-territorial unit that has concentrated development and serves as a permanent (including seasonal) place of residence for urban and rural residents.

In the third group of regions (Astrakhan region), a settlement is understood as a territory with concentrated development, serving as a place of residence for people, which was given a name in accordance with the procedure established by federal legislation, and assigned in accordance with Federal Law No. 152-FZ of December 18, 1997 " On the names of geographical objects” to geographical objects.

Thus, most of the laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, when defining settlements, pay attention to two of their main features: territory and population. Previously, among such signs, additional attention was paid to the specialization of the activities of the majority of the population.

Until recently, there was a conflict situation in the legislation caused by the use of terminology, in which different federal laws invested unequal meanings. The fact is that the Land Code of the Russian Federation used the term “land of settlements” to designate a category of land, and the Federal Law “On the General Principles of Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation” under “settlement” understood a variety of municipalities, which included both the lands of settlements proper , and land of other categories located within the boundaries of such municipalities.

Clarity in the use of this terminology was introduced only after the entry into force on January 1, 2007 of a federal law that changed a number of norms of the Land Code of the Russian Federation and renamed “land of settlements” into “land of settlements”. Therefore, according to Art. 83 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation, lands of settlements are lands used and intended for the construction and development of settlements.

From this definition, it remains unclear what a “settlement” is, as well as what is the unified classification of settlements into types. According to Art. 131 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, local self-government is exercised in urban, rural settlements and other territories, taking into account historical and other local traditions. The named constitutional position is concretized by Art. 2 of the Federal Law "On the General Principles of Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation" dated October 6, 2003, which subdivides municipalities into an urban or rural settlement, a municipal district, an urban district and an intracity territory of a city of federal significance.

Since there is no unified approach to the classification of settlements in the laws of the Russian Federation, we will try to formulate our own scientific classification of settlements into types on the following grounds.

First, in terms of population. Such a classification is carried out by the Federal Law “On the Enactment of the Land Code of the Russian Federation”, establishing a different redemption price for land in settlements with different populations (Article 2).

In addition, according to Article 11 of the Federal Law “On the General Principles of Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation” dated October 6, 2003, the territory of a rural settlement may, as a rule, include one rural settlement or settlement with a population of more than 1000 people (for a territory with a high population density - more than 3,000 people) and (or) several rural settlements united by a common territory with a population of less than 1,000 people each (for a territory with a high population density - less than 3,000 people each).

Consequently, the presence of the specified number of inhabitants is the basis for the formation of a separate municipality with all the ensuing legal consequences (including land law).

Secondly, depending on the significance of the locality in the management system, the federal and regional legislators distinguish between cities of federal significance (Moscow and St. Petersburg), regional (republican, regional, regional, etc.) significance, cities of district significance, urban-type settlements , rural settlements.

Living in the last of these types of settlements gives citizens a number of benefits. So, according to paragraph 5 of Article 55 of the Federal Law of January 13, 1996 No. 12-FZ “On Amendments and Additions to the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” (as amended on December 1, 2007), pedagogical workers educational institutions enjoy the right to receive a pension for years of service until they reach retirement age, to free living space with heating and lighting in rural areas, workers' settlements (urban-type settlements).

In accordance with Article 350 Labor Code RF, medical workers healthcare organizations living and working in rural areas and in urban-type settlements, the duration of part-time work may be increased by decision of the Government of the Russian Federation, adopted taking into account the opinion of the relevant all-Russian trade union and the all-Russian association of employers.

Thirdly, settlements differ based on the presence on their territory of specific environmental factors. So, there are a number of features of the legal status of settlements located within the boundaries of the ecological resort region Caucasian Mineralnye Vody(Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk), within the federal resort region of Anapa, settlements located on the territory of nature reserves and national parks. There are a number of features of the legal status of cities and villages located in the zone of ecological disaster, in the zone of protective measures around the facility for the storage of chemical weapons, etc.

Fourthly, based on the main research and production or other specialization of the settlement, one can single out “science cities”; urban and rural settlements located within the boundaries of the territory of closed administrative-territorial entities (for example, the city of Zaozersk in the Murmansk region, the village of Lokomotivny in the Chelyabinsk region), settlements - the location of the gambling business, etc.

As we have already noted above, the existing regional practice shows that in some cases the boundaries of a settlement and the boundaries of a municipality coincide; in other cases (and these are the majority), the composition of the municipality includes the actual settlement (points) and other territories adjacent to them. The latter situation follows from Article 11 of the Federal Law "On the General Principles of Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation", according to which the territory of an urban settlement may include one city or one village, and also in accordance with master plan urban settlement territories intended for the development of its social, transport and other infrastructure (including the territories of settlements and rural settlements that are not municipalities). We observe a similar situation in the case of urban districts.

This approach is partly a consequence of the construction of a metropolitan city (urban agglomeration) that has long been developed in urban planning science. The need for its development is due to the fact that the creation of an urban agglomeration allows more rational use of available land for more modern form settlements, as well as to solve the problem of integrated planning of city centers and their suburban areas, to raise the architectural and planning organization of industrial and territorial complexes, work, life and recreation of the population living in them to a qualitatively new level. Therefore, this category is necessary to improve urban planning for the development of territories.

One of the first in Russian legal science, G.V. Vypkhanova. In her opinion, an urban agglomeration is a complex natural-socio-economic system that includes “territorially and functionally interconnected, legally independent settlements (urban and rural), united around one or several large cities, within which a legally regulated complex arises. public relations".

Taking into account the modern urban planning legislation, there is a need for further development of this legal structure. We propose the following regulatory definition: “agglomeration is a set of territories of municipalities adjacent to a city of federal significance or the administrative center of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, intended by territorial planning documents of constituent entities of the Russian Federation to expand the capital of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation and constituting with it a single economic, recreational and other space.”

At the same time, it should be emphasized that an agglomeration is not just a city with suburbs (urban district), but a somewhat different qualitative state of planning for the development of a city of federal significance or a regional (territorial, republican) center. The legal consolidation of an effective urban agglomeration around such cities, with the concomitant bringing of their infrastructure to the standards of European cities, is the most important prerequisite for a successful social economic development.

In the future, such agglomerations should take advantage of their geographical position on transport routes between different parts of the country, as well as between foreign countries. At the same time, the development of doctrinal ideas and normative consolidation of this legal category will inevitably lead to a discussion of the territorial relationship (and legal status) of the agglomeration and the suburban area. There are debatable issues here.

So, L.V. Ovchinnikova believes that “when establishing the boundaries of the territory of the municipality, it is necessary to resolve the contradiction that develops in the legislation when determining the regime of the suburban zone. If this zone (according to Article 86 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation) includes lands that are outside the boundaries of urban settlements and are not part of the lands of other settlements (that is, on an inter-settlement territory - outside the boundaries of settlements), then: a) it is difficult to find such territory, especially in a densely populated federal district; b) the management of the suburban area will be carried out exclusively "from above", without taking into account the interests of citizens living in the territory. It is proposed (along with the land concept of "suburban zone") to restore the status of a suburban municipality that has a common border with the city.

In our opinion, in this case, attention should be paid to the following circumstances. First, within the borders, for example, of the Southern federal district with a high level of urbanization, indeed the suburban area is quite well populated. However, in the light of Article 11 of the Federal Law "On the General Principles of Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation", the suburban area is not at all an inter-settlement area. As follows from this article, the territory of the subject of the Russian Federation is delimited between settlements.

Territories with a low rural population density may not be included in the territory of settlements. Territories of this kind with a low population density are inter-settlement areas, entering "directly" into the composition of municipal districts. Secondly, the "suburban area" can either be part of the city district, or be outside its boundaries. In the first case, there are general rules on taking into account the opinion of the population when making decisions, for example, on changing the boundaries of municipalities, and such opinion of the population is taken into account in accordance with existing procedures.

If the “suburban zone” is not included in the boundaries of the urban district, then it is located on the territory of other municipalities, and it is very difficult to manage it “exclusively from above”. At the same time, in the latter case, we are just observing a set of "suburban municipalities that have a common border with the city." In this case, the concept of "agglomeration" is needed.

So, the Constitution of the Russian Federation and a number of federal laws divide all settlements of Russia into urban and rural. However, there is another approach to the classification of settlements, implemented in the All-Russian classifier of objects of administrative-territorial division OK 019-95 (hereinafter OKATO), which came into effect on January 1, 1997. OKATO delimits settlements into three levels, highlighting cities (federal, regional (regional, republican) district subordination), urban-type settlements, rural settlements. As urban-type settlements, workers, resort and summer cottages stand out in it.

OKATO is designed to ensure the reliability, comparability and automated processing of information in the context of the administrative-territorial division in such areas as statistics, economics and others. It seems that OKATO performs a predominantly statistical function, since it is intended to fix the objectively existing administrative-territorial division, as well as the names and status of settlements and administrative-territorial units, established earlier on the basis of other legal acts, mainly of the Soviet period.

This approach to the classification of settlements until recently was widely used by land and tax legislation in the 90s of the last century. Thus, in articles 70 and 71 of the Land Code of the RSFSR of April 25, 1991, settlements were divided into cities, workers, resorts, summer cottages and rural settlements. The basis for the division of settlements into workers, resorts and summer cottages was, as noted in scientific papers, "the nature labor activity population and number of inhabitants.

According to Article 6 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On payment for land" dated October 11, 1991, land tax for land plots within rural settlements and outside their limits, provided to citizens for conducting personal subsidiary plots, gardening, horticulture, animal husbandry, haymaking and grazing, was charged from the entire area of ​​the land at average tax rates for agricultural land administrative area. Land tax cities, workers, resort and holiday villages was levied on all enterprises, organizations, institutions and citizens who own, own or use land plots at the rates established for urban lands(Article 7). The current tax legislation no longer provides for such differences.

Order federal agency cadastre of real estate objects dated June 29, 2007 No. P / 0152 "On approval of technical recommendations for the state cadastral valuation of land in settlements" identifies 27 types of settlements, including aul, settlements, town, dacha, resort village, shtetl, microdistrict, planning area , passing, station, territory, ulus, etc. Without objecting in general to the variety of names of types of settlements, at the same time, we note that “microdistrict” or “planning area” as the name (type) of a settlement is an example of a not entirely successful approach. For example, a microdistrict, by definition, is only a part of a large settlement, for example, a city - a regional center.

In the laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the classification of settlements into a number of types is carried out today within the framework of the administrative-territorial structure. The legislation of most constituent entities of the Russian Federation currently distinguishes between cities (of regional (krai, republican) and district significance, or without such specification); workers' settlements (urban-type settlements), dacha and resort settlements; rural settlements (village, village, village, farm, rural settlement, etc.).

Under the laws of most constituent entities of the Russian Federation, an urban settlement is understood to be a settlement, which, based on the size of the population, the nature of the occupation of the majority of its inhabitants, is classified in accordance with the procedure established by law to the category of cities or workers, resort and holiday villages. So, for example, in the Bryansk region, an urban settlement is understood as a settlement, which, based on the size of the population, the nature of the occupation of the majority of its inhabitants, geographical, economic, historical and cultural significance, is classified in the manner prescribed by law to the categories of cities or towns. The features of the legal status of the regional center are also noted.

Regional laws classify cities of regional significance as settlements that are economic and cultural centers, have a developed industry and a population of 25,000 or more. The status of cities of district significance can be assigned to urban settlements with a population of at least 12 thousand people, of which at least 85 percent must be workers, employees (members of their families), which are industrial and cultural centers.

Settlements with a population of at least 3,000 people, on the territory of which there are industrial enterprises, railway junctions, enterprises for the processing of agricultural products and other economically important facilities, and with a share of non-agricultural employment of at least 85 percent of the able-bodied population .

Resort villages - settlements located in areas of medical importance, with a population of at least two thousand people, provided that the number of people who annually come to these settlements for treatment and recreation is at least 50 percent of the permanently resident population. Dacha settlements are settlements, the main purpose of which is to serve the population of cities as places for summer recreation.

As a general rule, holiday villages do not lose their character if part of the population permanently lives in them. Due to the small population, sometimes such settlements are not included in the lists of settlements of the municipality, which entails a number of serious civil law consequences (for example, refusal to state registration rights to land plots, as happened with one of the owners of a land plot in the dacha village of Old Bolsheviks in the Naro-Fominsk region).

A rural settlement is a village, village, aul, farm and other settlement located in a rural area, which is not classified as an urban settlement, and whose inhabitants are mainly engaged in agricultural production. In a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the following gradation of such settlements has been carried out: a settlement is a large, large and medium-sized rural settlement; village - a large, medium and small rural settlement; railway station village - a large, large and medium-sized rural settlement located near a railway station; farm - medium and small rural settlement. Large is a rural settlement with a population of more than 3,000 people, large - from 1,000 to 3,000 people, medium - from 200 to 1,000 people, small - less than 200 people.

The laws of a number of subjects of the Russian Federation emphasize that in some cases, the category of cities of regional and district significance, workers, resorts and summer cottages can include settlements with a smaller population, which are of great socio-economic importance, the prospect of further economic development and population growth. The procedure for classifying settlements as urban and rural, their transformation from one category of settlements to another, or any other change in their status is determined by the law of the subject of the Russian Federation on the basis of territorial planning documents of the subject of the Russian Federation and municipalities. The laws of a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation provide for the grounds and procedure for changing the status of a settlement due to a change in population.

The assignment of settlements to the category of cities of regional and district significance or settlements is carried out by the representative authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. Thus, in the Volgograd region, these decisions are made by the Volgograd regional Duma on the conclusion of the head of the administration of the Volgograd region on the basis of proposals from state bodies and (or) representative bodies of municipalities. Changing the status of settlements and rural settlements is also carried out through the adoption of resolutions of the Volgograd Regional Duma.

Thus, the legislation of the subjects of the Russian Federation largely adopted the structure and criteria for dividing settlements into cities (of regional and district significance), workers, resort and summer cottages, and rural settlements that existed back in the USSR in the USSR. Note that back in the 1920s, Soviet land legislation divided all settlements into two categories: urban settlements and rural settlements. This classification excluded workers, resorts and summer cottages, the legal status of which was determined by special provisions. However, if we analyze the legal acts on the status of a working settlement, a dacha settlement, a resort settlement, we can find only slight differences in the legal regime in terms of planning and building features. Otherwise, their legal status did not differ.

As indicated in the above legal acts, lands were allocated to all three types of settlements on a common basis in the generally established manner, and land relations in summer cottages, workers, resort settlements were regulated on the basis of the Regulations on land regulations in cities. This circumstance was also noted in the legal literature, where, in particular, it was noted that "legislative acts do not distinguish between urban-type settlements and workers' settlements", and in a number of cases "the legislation of many Union republics classifies resort settlements as urban". Thus, initially the legislator equated the status of a worker, resort and holiday village with the status of an urban settlement and did not distinguish significant differences between the legal regime of a city and a worker, holiday, resort village.

In a separate normative act, the grounds and procedure for classifying settlements as cities (of regional, regional, republican subordination and local significance), workers' and resort settlements were formulated. For example, settlements at large factories, mines, mines, power plants, railway stations, construction of large hydraulic structures and other economically important objects, with a population of at least 3 thousand people, if this population includes at least 85% of workers, employees and members of their families.

The laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation adopted these norms, in most cases verbatim, despite the fact that the socio-economic, state-political situation in the country has fundamentally changed. In our opinion, the placement of settlements as part of rural settlements, implemented in a number of laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, deserves support, however, it is difficult to agree with the division of settlements as a category of settlements into two parts - into workers, resorts (and in a number of regions also dachas) and settlements. classified as rural settlements. The division of settlements into types seems redundant. Otherwise, it becomes necessary to reflect, through the introduction of new names of settlements, the modern realities of the formation of places of compact residence of citizens in the suburbs - cottage villages etc.

Meanwhile, objectively, there are certain legal differences, on the one hand, in the status of a city, and on the other hand, in the status of a settlement and a rural settlement. First, the fundamental difference lies in the fact that cities, as a rule, are independent municipalities (or several municipalities have been created on the territory of the city - intracity territories). In them, the representative and executive bodies of local self-government of the city have the right to independently dispose of municipal property in accordance with applicable law, including land property.

At the same time, settlements and rural settlements are usually not independent municipalities, but are part of rural settlements as municipalities, administratively subordinate to the head of the local self-government body and do not, for example, have their own budget, municipal property, etc.

So, according to Art. 6 of the Charter of the Volgograd Region, on its territory there are 6 cities of regional significance and 33 administrative districts, including cities of district significance, village councils and other territorial units. Settlements and rural settlements located in these areas are not municipalities, but are independent settlements.

It seems that one locality cannot be part of another - in this case, its legal status changes. However, federal, regional and municipal regulations are not always consistent with this conclusion. According to Article 2 of the Law of St. Petersburg dated June 7, 2005 No. 237-ZO "On the organization of local self-government in St. Petersburg", the intracity municipality of St. Petersburg is part of the territory of the federal city of St. Petersburg (municipal district, city, settlement), within the boundaries of which local self-government is exercised by the population directly and (or) through elected bodies of local self-government. Thus, the composition of the city of federal significance includes some other cities and towns.

Similar examples can be given for other subjects of the Russian Federation. Meanwhile, in our opinion, the identification of the concepts of a microdistrict and a settlement is not permissible. It seems logical that if a village or a settlement is included in the boundaries of a city, it should change its legal status and become a street, microdistrict or other administrative part of the city. Therefore, the boundaries of administrative-territorial units (i.e., the boundaries of cities of regional, regional, republican significance) and the boundaries of the corresponding municipalities should coincide, which will prevent the terminological confusion that exists today, in terms of the possibility of finding one settlement within another.

At the same time, it seems reasonable to take into account the historical and cultural traditions on the territory of an urban district or other municipality associated with the names of individual localities that are part of it. For example, on the territory of the city of Volgograd, there are several “settlements” that are administratively part of the corresponding districts of the city, but are traditionally referred to by residents and local authorities as settlements, for example, Nizhny Settlement (on the territory of the Traktorozavodsky District) or the settlement named after. M. Gorky (part of the Soviet district of the city of Volgograd).

A number of authors distinguish, in addition, such settlements as Metallurgov (Krasnooktyabrsky district), Nizhnyaya Elshanka, Kuporosny (Sovetsky district), Beketovka (Kirov district) and others. This name "settlements" was given at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, when the center of the city of Tsaritsyno was intensively developing, and places of resettlement of workers were formed on the outskirts. These names, of course, are of historical and cultural value, which can be reflected in the names of city transport stops, but the indication in regulatory legal acts of such a division of the city seems unreasonable.

Significant differences in the legal regime of lands of cities, towns and rural settlements lie in different land tax rates for land plots of the same size and quality located in cities (towns) and rural settlements (due to their different cadastral value, as a percentage of which land tax is calculated), which is due to purely economic reasons.

Thus, the status of the settlement and the division of settlements into workers, resorts and summer cottages is controversial. The legislator of the Federation and the subject of the Russian Federation in some cases equates settlements with cities, in other cases - with rural settlements. There are also no fundamental legal differences between various subspecies of urban-type settlements - workers, resort and summer cottages, for example, in terms of the grounds for acquiring and terminating rights to land plots, turnover of land plots, land protection, etc. At the same time, the validity of the very division of settlements into categories of urban and rural should be recognized.

In some cases, the federal legislator directly addresses legal regulations specific types of settlements. So, the Law of the Russian Federation "On the status of Heroes Soviet Union, Heroes of the Russian Federation and Full Cavaliers of the Order of Glory ”of January 15, 1993, the above categories of citizens are provided with free land plots of 0.20 hectares in cities and urban-type settlements and 0.40 hectares in rural areas. Normative acts delimiting the legal status of urban and rural settlements have been adopted not only at the federal level, but also in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

In this regard, the division of settlements into urban and rural seems to be justified by a certain specificity of land use in them. If in cities the main purpose of land use is the placement of industrial, residential, cultural, public and business and other similar facilities, then in rural areas the main goal is the rational placement of household plots, areas for grazing livestock, as well as agricultural production within the boundaries of rural settlements .

Consequently, the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation should take into account the specifics of land use in urban and rural settlements when developing documents for territorial planning and urban zoning, in particular, so that, when allocating land plots, their maximum (limit) sizes for agricultural use in urban and rural settlements differed significantly in favor of rural.

Summing up, we will formulate a modern scientific legal definition of a settlement and lands of settlements.

Locality- a part of the territory of Russia that has a name, concentrated development and serves as a place of residence for people, subdivided into urban and rural settlements.

Lands of settlements- a category of land in the land fund of Russia, which is a spatial and operational basis for the placement of residential, industrial, public and business, recreational and other life support facilities of the population in accordance with the requirements of urban planning, environmental and land legislation, separated by established boundaries from lands of other categories.

Russia is in the top ten largest countries world in terms of population. The last census, which was conducted in 2010, shows that more than 142 million people live in the country.

Organized compact living of people forms settlements. Their main types, represented in Russia, are a city, an urban-type settlement, a village, a village, a village, a farm, and an aul. The formation of settlements is due to many reasons. Initially, settlements appear in territories with the most favorable climatic and relief conditions, industrial and economic potential.

Russia is a country with rather harsh climatic conditions, which, of course, primarily affects the formation of a system of settlements. The most densely populated territory of the Russian Federation is the central part.

Another factor influencing the settlement is the industrial potential of the territories. Taking into account the fact that the main deposits of minerals in Russia are located in its northern territory, it is this part of the country that is the most industrially developed region with a fairly high population density.

Consider the types of settlements in the Russian Federation.

Cities and villages

What are the types of settlements? All settlements in the Russian Federation are divided into urban and rural, which reflects the main type of employment of people.

The dominant population of the Russian Federation lives in the city. This fact can be explained by both social and material reasons. Cities are predominantly centers of civilization with a developed infrastructure, the presence of cultural and social facilities, and more comfortable living conditions compared to rural ones. It is these reasons that cause the outflow of the rural population from the hinterland and the virtual extinction of small rural settlements.

This process of dominance of cities over villages is called urbanization. Primarily, cities in Russia were industrial centers that allowed the starving peasants to survive. The development of these centers led to their growth and, as a result, an increase in the number of people living in them. Today, three-quarters of the country's population lives in cities.

The main classification reflecting the types of settlements is the classification related to the population.

Characteristics of cities by population

The total number of cities in Russia exceeds 2,000 names, of which 1,000 are cities and more than 2,000 urban-type settlements. For Russia, cities are considered to be settlements with a population of at least twelve thousand people, of which more than 90 percent are employed in production, the social sphere and the service sector.

Moscow is the main city of the Russian Federation, its capital, where more than 10 million people live.

The population allows us to subdivide cities into the following types of settlements:

• Super-large cities, or million-plus cities, with a population of more than three million. There are 2 such cities in Russia - Moscow and St. Petersburg.
• The largest cities, with a population of one to three million. There are 13 cities in Russia with a population in the announced range, among them Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Omsk, Rostov-on-Don, Ufa.
• Large cities, the population of which is from two hundred and fifty thousand to one million. There are more than forty such cities in Russia.
• Large cities, where the number of people living ranges from one hundred to two hundred and fifty thousand. In the country, their number has exceeded nine dozen.
• Medium cities, where fifty to one hundred thousand people live. Their number has exceeded one and a half hundred.
• Small towns and settlements, in which does not exceed fifty thousand people.

The most intensive population growth occurs in the largest and largest cities, due to their industrial and economic progress.

City agglomerations

Speaking about the urban types of settlements in Russia, it is also necessary to dwell on the concept of "urban agglomeration". This concept means the cooperation of medium-sized cities located close to a large city, which are united by labor, infrastructural, industrial and other types of ties.

Such medium-sized cities are called satellite cities. Satellite cities reduce population density in large ones.

The most important factor contributing to the emergence of agglomerations is the developed transport links between cities. In Russia, satellite towns have been formed near Kuibyshev, Moscow, St. Petersburg.

When agglomerations merge, megacities are formed. In Russia today, megacities have not been formed.

Characteristics of cities on a structural basis

The territorial structure of Russia makes it possible to single out the following types of urban settlements: federal, regional (oblast, krai, republican, etc.) and district.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation defines St. Petersburg and Sevastopol.

Cities of regional significance are settlements that perform the functions of an economic and cultural center, characterized by a developed industry and a population of more than thirty thousand people.

However, the quantitative indicators of the population in such cities are not exceptional, they are rather a priority. A more significant criterion for classifying cities as cities of regional significance can be considered their social, economic indicators, achievements in the social, cultural sphere, historical uniqueness, long-term plans for increasing population growth and economic development. In addition to the above criteria, in order to classify cities as cities of regional significance, it is necessary to take into account cities that have a regional structure.

Requirements for the number of residents in cities of regional significance are individual in each subject of the Russian Federation. As a rule, they include urban settlements with a population of less than fifty thousand. On the territory of such cities, industry functions, the communal sector is developed, educational, medical and commercial institutions, as well as cultural institutions provide services.

Characteristics of cities on a functional basis

The following typological classification into types of settlements involves their division, which is based on the functions performed. Those functions include: political, administrative, industrial, transport, trade, scientific, military, recreational (health) functions. Depending on the number of functions performed by the city, they are divided into monofunctional and polyfunctional.

Characteristics of cities by economic and geographical location

There is also a gradation of cities into types of settlements according to their economic and geographical position:

• located near a mineral deposit;
• related to railway infrastructure;
• port;
• industrial and transport.

Settlement

An intermediate link between a city and a village in Russia is an urban-type settlement. This intermediateness has an impact on the quantitative composition of such settlements, as well as on the scope of employment.

The total number in the Russian Federation exceeds 1200 units. The number of people living in such settlements can vary from a few dozen people to several thousand. The largest urban-type settlement in Russia is the settlement of Ordzhonikidzevskaya, where more than 64 thousand people live.

There are several subspecies of urban-type settlements, which are located outside the city. Such settlements are considered: workers' settlements where industrial facilities are located (population up to three thousand people); resort villages (population up to two thousand people); summer cottages.

Rural settlements are the most widely represented in Russia. Their total number exceeds 150 thousand. A quarter of these settlements can be classified as sparsely populated, with less than 10 people living in them.

Despite the significant number of rural settlements, the number of people living in them is slightly more than twenty percent of the total population of Russia.

This state of affairs is due to the low standard of living in the countryside, its poor technological equipment, which, in turn, leads to the migration of the population to cities.

Types of settlements, depending on the size of their population, can be subdivided as follows:

• Large with a population exceeding five thousand.
• Large with a population of up to five thousand.
• Medium with a population of two hundred - one thousand people.
• Small with a population of up to two hundred people.

The main types of rural settlements represented on the territory of Russia

• A village is a large settlement in which there is or used to be a church. It performs the functions of a local center.
• A village is a small settlement that historically did not have a church.
• Settlement - a new type of rural settlement that arose during the Soviet Union.
• Aul is a settlement in which the ethnic population is represented: Adyghe, Abaza and Nogai.
• Khutor is a settlement with an individual farm, consisting of outbuildings, the number of which does not exceed 10.
• Stanitsa - a settlement formed by the Cossacks. The largest village of the country is Kanevskaya in the Krasnodar Territory, its population is about 45 thousand people.

Types of settlements in Russia have been formed over many years. The organization of settlements is greatly influenced by natural and climatic factors. - the main type of employment of people living in villages today. Favorable weather conditions play a major role here.

Given that in the overwhelming majority of cases, villages are monofunctional, today the main types of settlements are cities.

Summarize

Having considered the topic "What types of settlements are formed on the territory of the Russian Federation", we can conclude that rural settlements quantitatively prevail, but the population density in urban areas is much higher.

According to of the All-Russian classifier territories of municipalities (OKTMO) in Russia there are more than 155 thousand different settlements. Settlements are separate administrative units that involve the settlement of people within a built-up area. An important condition for designating such a territory as a settlement is the permanence of residence on it, albeit not throughout the year, but during the seasonal period.

Problems of defining and comparing settlements

For an uninitiated person, all settlements are divided into cities and villages. However, their classification is much more diverse. In the modern world, it is difficult to independently understand all the intricacies of distribution between territories. The boundaries of cities, as they expand, create new areas, are blurred, absorbing adjacent villages. What yesterday was part of another region, today is subject to new administrative centers.

Nevertheless, the classification concerning the division of populated and equipped territories according to the principle "city / village" is the most common not only in our country, but throughout the world. The complexity of the choice of criteria is due to various factors, this is especially clearly seen in sparsely populated areas.

What is a city?

The city is much easier to define. Such settlements are the largest settlements of people within a single territory. At the same time, a city is a settlement, the population of which is not employed in agriculture and industries related to it. Typical urban occupations are industry, trade, science, and culture. In addition, such administrative units have their own distinctive, purely individual features.

What makes a city stand out, what makes it special?

Most often this is a large population density of people. On average, this number exceeds several tens of thousands per square kilometer. To provide all people with housing, it is necessary to create special housing, which is also typical for the city. In recent years, urban architecture tends to look for new opportunities in order to fit the maximum possible number of residential premises on the smallest possible piece of land. Thus, cities grow not only in breadth, but also upwards.

Urban settlements are also the concentration of the cultural, political, legal life of a country or a separate region. Most often this is due to the fact that it is in the city that the administrative and economic hub of a certain region is located. This contributes to the creation of a kind of center that brings together the best specialists, technologies, institutions and resources.

Is urbanization as good as it seems at first glance?

The concentration of opportunities in one place leads to what the authorities are trying to fight, but, perhaps, so far without success. This is a rapid decline in the population in different reasons- high mortality rate, despite the fact that the birth rate is very low. The outflow of young people to cities also provokes a lack of work, a cultural environment, places of recreation, a low standard of living and an absolutely destroyed infrastructure.

Differences of cities, their types by the number of inhabitants

City city discord. The distance between settlements belonging to cities can be several tens and hundreds of kilometers. This uneven urbanization is especially clear in such a large country as Russia. And if in the North-Western, Central regions about 80% of the population lives in large settlements, then in Altai, Ingushetia, Kalmykia - no more than 40%.

The life of some townspeople revolves around the industrial zone, others are focused on administrative affairs, there are so-called military camps. The main area of ​​activity of such settlements is the service of a military unit located in the immediate vicinity of the city. Such settlements are most often closed-type settlements; their inhabitants are recorded not in hundreds and tens, but in units.

However, the share of cities among the total number of settlements is not so high. About 75% of the total population of the country lives in cities (this trend is common throughout the world), but their number in relation to villages is many times less. For example, according to the state register, there are a little more than a thousand in the Russian Federation, while the total number of villages and villages exceeds a hundred thousand.

Division of villages by type

Rural settlements are very difficult to classify. Settling in different regions of the country took place in different ways. Historically, some areas, due to their proximity to trade routes, natural resources, industrial enterprises are more densely populated. The distance between settlements in these regions is small. The districts are clearly divided, and each has its own structure, subordination to the center, management hierarchy.

In general, it can be divided according to two main features - the number of people living and the scope of employment.

My village, I'm proud of you!

A village is not always a small settlement with a dozen households. Places where operating enterprises are located, developed Agriculture may number up to 10,000 people. Such villages are equipped good roads, own educational, cultural, medical institutions, mail and retail outlets. Most often, this is an economically developed area, the settlement of which belongs to it and is not in an abandoned state, in the future it can claim to be even larger.

Since the classification of settlements depending on the number of people living in them is not legally fixed in Russia, it happens that villages can be larger than small towns.

Differences between a village and a village

The boundaries of settlements that fall under the definition of "village" are very small. Most often they do not go beyond one or two dozen households, and the total number of inhabitants does not exceed several hundred. In such places, the life of people is not very well established. The nearest shops, feldsher points can be located at a distance of several kilometers. At the same time, such settlements often lack elementary conditions for life - mobile communications, the Internet, gas, normal transport interchanges. The state is really trying to improve life in the most remote corners of the country, but the main problem remains the outflow of young people from the villages. Thus, over the past few decades, according to the state register, 14 settlements have received the status of "former settlement" due to the absolute departure of residents.

What is a farm?

One of the smallest formations that fall under the status of individual villages are farms. Most often, this is a remote group of houses or even one yard. People in them have land, livestock. They can be employed in forestry, water management, cultivate agricultural land. Between settlements more large sizes and the farm sometimes may not be a great distance. They can be located across the forest, the river, united by one road, but still being different administrative units.

In addition, there are many other types of settlements that specialize in certain activities. For example, dacha cooperatives, resort towns, sanatoriums, forestries, railway stations and even roadblocks.

There are also settlements that are characteristic of some nationalities, reflecting the mentality and culture of the historical territory (village, ulus, sum, village).

Version: 1.4

Date last edited: 16.02.2015

The instruction describes the basic rules for the design of the page of the settlement. These rules should be followed both when adding new settlements to the site, and when editing existing ones.

general information

The site "Rodnaya Vyatka" publishes information about settlements Vyatka region with indication of geographical coordinates, description and other information.

All registered visitors of the site can add settlements to the site. To get started, you need to log in to the site. (click "Login" on the upper dark bar, and if you are not registered yet - "Registration").

To add a locality to the site, it is necessary in the user menu of the site (upper dark bar) select the item "Add" / "Locality".

To edit a previously added settlement, you need to click the "Edit" button at the top of the settlement page. If you do not have rights to edit the material and this button is not displayed, write your information in the comment.

When adding (editing) the page of the locality, you will be asked to fill in a number of fields and confirm the entry of information by pressing the "Save" button.

The published information must not violate the laws of the Russian Federation.

Filling in the fields

Name

The name of the settlement is indicated in Russian in the nominative case (answers the question "What?") in modern orthography (that is, without the letters "Ѣ", "Ѳ", "i", and also "Ъ" at the end of the word). The type of locality is not indicated in the name, it is provided for this.

What to do if in various sources does the title sound different?

You should indicate as the main name the name that occurs in the latest documented source (list of settlements, certificate from the archive, population census data, Rosreestr data and other sources), except in cases where the source has a clear error that the user can confirm (this should be written in "").

What to do if the settlement has several names, or its name has changed?

In parentheses after the main one, you can specify minor title(if more than one - separated by a comma with a space). It is advisable to put in the "name" field only major titles, which acted for a long time, were documented, or were widely distributed among local residents (if you know for sure, be sure to write about it in the description of the settlement).

You should not put in the "name" field secondary names that have the same root as the main name, or indicate more than one single-root name!

About all the less significant, less common names of the settlement and obsolete forms of the name that you know, including in pre-reform spelling, write in the "" field.

What about the letter "Yo"?

Do not replace the letter "ё" with "e", since the correct reading of the name depends on this.

At the same time, you do not need to write “ё” where “e” is indicated in the available sources, and there is no complete certainty that this letter is read as “ё” (no need to rely on guesswork).

It should also be remembered that in pre-revolutionary sources the letter "ё" was practically not used anywhere, and one should not replace "e" with "ё" in names taken from these sources and not confirmed by later information.

stress

Stress and other features of the pronunciation of names should be indicated in "".

Example filling in the field " "

If the required type is not in the list, is obsolete or rarely used, you should select the “other” type, and put its name in the “ ” field (indicate after the name in brackets).

Status

You should select from the list the current status of the settlement at the time of adding to the site.

• there is no data- this option should be indicated if it is not possible to clarify the current status of the settlement;
• residential area- there is a population in the settlement, residential buildings; in some cases, there may be no permanent population, but the settlement has not been deregistered;
• part of another town the locality was deregistered by joining another locality, while it is known for certain that there is currently a population in this territory; otherwise, it is better to indicate the status “does not exist now”, and in the description talk about the unification of settlements;
• ruins- the settlement is non-residential, while in its place there are collapsing non-residential houses and outbuildings;
• does not currently exist - the settlement is uninhabited, deregistered; at the same time, in the description of the settlement, if information is available, it is necessary to indicate the approximate or exact time of the disappearance of the settlement.

Description of the locality

This field contains all known information about the settlement. It is highly undesirable to leave this field empty.

The description of the settlement should be as encyclopedic as possible, that is, the information should be indicated with references to sources, indicating the degree of reliability (“according to information from the book of such and such”, “according to such and such a site”, “according to the memoirs of such and such a resident ”, “according to unverified sources”). The presentation style should be neutral, in the third person (do not write "I", "mine"). Information should be presented in a logical sequence, following a certain plan. It is better to write insignificant information in the comments (in free form, you can use the first person).

1) Basic information:

• options for the name of the settlement: stress, obsolete names, folk names, etc .;
• location in relation to the administrative center (the center of the district, rural settlement), other large settlements and other geographical objects - rivers, lakes, hills, etc.;
• the size of the settlement, geographical description of the territory, plans and schemes;
• population: number of inhabitants, national composition, income level of inhabitants, etc.;
• government;
• objects of social infrastructure (schools, hospitals, libraries, etc.), their description;
• existing industrial and agricultural facilities, their description and role;
• objects of religious worship (churches, chapels, mosques, etc.), cemeteries;
• other attractions.

2) History of the settlement

• date of foundation, indicating the source of information;
• date of liquidation, indicating the source of information;
• history of changes in the administrative affiliation of the settlement;
• the history of the settlement of the territory of the settlement, associations and consolidations;
• history of authorities, institutions (clubs, schools, hospitals, etc.) and enterprises (factories, plants, collective farms, state farms), basic facts and dates;
• the history of the local religious community (primarily for villages), key dates and facts;

3) Residents of the settlement

In the description of the settlement, you can indicate its famous inhabitants. In this case, you can not start a separate section, but indicate them in the context of the description.

For large settlements, it is advisable to indicate only sufficiently significant persons. The main criterion of significance is recognition among local residents. For example, such persons may be:

• heads of administrations, chairmen of collective farms;
• participants in amateur performances, cultural workers;
• clergymen;
• employees of enterprises marked with awards and titles;
• residents who provided information on the history of the settlement.

It is better to indicate less significant residents in the comments to the settlement in free form. For example: “in this village in such and such years my grandmother lived: full name, such and such a year of birth, she was engaged in such and such”.

For small settlements, you can specify all the available information about the inhabitants.

4) Interesting places, stories, legends, legends associated with the settlement

If there are any, they must also be indicated, of course.

5) Sources of information

At the end of the material, it is necessary to indicate the sources of information from which the information is taken. It can be books, documents, geographical maps, Internet sites. Preferably in the description text when specifying important facts cite these sources.

Location

Location (geographical coordinates) - a required field when creating a settlement.

There are two ways to specify a location:

1. Mark the settlement with the mouse on the online map

In this case, you can switch between the available "layers" (map options):

• "Google Sputnik", "Yandex Sputnik", "Bing Sputnik" - different variants satellite imagery; in each option there are areas of the earth's surface that have a higher available resolution, so try switching between them;
• "OSM" - the map "Open Street Map", which is drawn independently by Internet users; the advantage of this map is that some parts of the terrain are very well developed; but for the Kirov region, unfortunately, the coverage is very uneven;
• "Yandex Maps" - quite detailed geographic map with an indication of all existing and not very long ago disappeared settlements;
• "Topo-map" - a topographic map of the Soviet period, one of the most important tools for indicating the location of settlements.

2. Enter known coordinates in the fields "Latitude" and "Longitude" in degrees in decimal format.

Specify no more than 4 decimal places (after the dot). You can specify either a dot or a comma as a decimal separator.

If the coordinates are known in degrees, minutes and seconds, they must be converted to decimal form. To do this, you need to divide the number of minutes by 60, the number of seconds - by 3600, and add the resulting non-integer numbers to the number of whole degrees. You can also use online converters for translation, for example this one: http://camapka.ru/convertor.html.

Coordinate conversion example. Let's take 49°45"35"" (northern latitude). In this case, the latitude in decimal form will be: 49+45/60+35/3600 ≈ 49 + 0.75 + 0.0097 = 49.7597. For longitude, we perform a similar calculation.

As a result of the actions described here, a marker will be displayed on the map indicating the location of the settlement.

If the settlement is large in area, the marker should be indicated in the historical (oldest) part. If this information is not available, then the marker is placed in the center of the settlement.

If the exact position of the settlement is unknown, it is necessary to put a tick under the coordinates “ Location is incorrect". At the same time, after adding the settlement, it is desirable to explain in the comments the nature of the inaccuracy - either the location is generally unknown and the settlement is marked “at random”, or the location is marked with a small error.

For settlements that disappeared a long time ago or were not marked on the "Topo-maps" layer, you should indicate in the text or in the comments to the settlement, on the basis of which data the location is indicated (knowledge of the area, an old map, memories of old residents).

Number in the SNM 1873

Number in the list of populated places in the Vyatka province 1859-73.

Room in CWR

Images

Attach photographs of streets, sights, residents to settlements; maps, diagrams, drawings and other images related to the locality. Whenever possible, such images should be illustrative and non-repetitive.

To add a photo, you must click the "Browse" button, select an image on your computer, and then click the "Upload" button, and then enter a description for the image. If you need to add several images, this procedure must be repeated several times using the "Add more" button.

When uploading images, including photographs, be sure to indicate the author, if he is known, or the source from which the image was taken.

Flags

Check the "Add to bookmarks" box to get quick access to the locality through your profile page. The locality page will display a list of site users who have bookmarked it.

Editorial Information

If you are not adding a new locality, but modifying an existing locality, write in the Revision Log Message field the essence of the changes you made. This will help other contributors understand why you made these changes.

Locality Page Examples

• the village of Elevo (Peter and Paul) - example from detailed description
• Novyaki village (Novikovy) - example with a short description