The type of economic activity is aimed at meeting the diverse. Economic activities

The activities of the enterprise is a process that includes not only directly the production of goods or the provision of services, but also financial and economic activities, supply, product sales, the use of labor and material resources, equipment and equipment. Enterprise - structured and living organism.

The structure of any enterprise includes administrative and management apparatus, production department, financial and economic and accounting department and reporting. In addition, the structure may also include other units, whose tasks include ensuring a continuous process of producing products and manufacturing products, which would be competitive and responded in quantity, quality and timing of delivery to the market requirements. At the same time, the main requirement and criteria for the efficiency of the enterprise is to minimize production costs, i.e. Reducing the cost of goods and services produced.

Factors defining the production and economic activities of the enterprise

The effectiveness of the production and economic activity of the enterprise, first of all, depends on such factors as providing production facilities, the state of the production and technical base, its technical and organizational level, how the organization of production and labor meets the modern requirements of the conjuncture and market.

Such a factor as financial and economic planning has great importance for the activities of the enterprise. This is not only uninterrupted provision of necessary resources, but also permanent control over the current activities of the enterprise, the operational adjustment of management decisions in order to achieve planned results.

The control is carried out by analyzing the production and economic activity of the enterprise by comparing the main results of this activity with calculated and planned indicators. To such indicators characterizing the efficiency of the enterprise, for example, belong:
- profits from the sale of goods and services rendered;
- cumulative production costs;
- profitability;
- Lead of remuneration of people working at the enterprise;
- the amount of cash in the settlement accounts of the enterprise;
- existing payables and receivables.

Any enterprise operates in macro and microcrin. It has a whole set of resources that are used in the process of activity. These are technical and technological, spatial, information, personnel, financial and many others. In this regard, the economic activity of the organization should be analyzed. This is a time-consuming process, but it has tremendous practical importance. It is advisable to define. The economic activity of the enterprise is to implement financial, industrial and investment processes, as well as in ensuring their necessary resources. This term is especially important for economic analysis, since it is his subject.

Economic activities of the enterprise. Main species

The economic activity of any enterprise can be divided into basic and reproduction. The first group includes processes and means directly related to the manufacturing process. The reproduction of fixed assets acts in the form of capital investments. This includes capital construction, the process of buying and repairing fixed assets and so on. In other words, the second group includes all economic operations aimed at restoring, replenishment, upgrading objects.

Economic activities. Indicators for analysis

Any enterprise is studied from different sides to get a complete picture of its condition. For these purposes, different indicators apply. It is necessary to take into account the specifics of the organization, its industry and other factors. As indicators, the costs of production costs, production costs, gross volumes, as well as commercial products, financial performance, enterprise's profit, its profitability, the presence or absence of an investment component and many others can be used. Between all these elements there are complex relationships. The economic indicator itself is considered not entirely, but as a result of the influence of all sorts of factors. Management personnel have to constantly monitor the slightest changes in the actual results in comparison with their planned values. Some emerging problems can be solved by applying a simple algorithm of actions, and some require serious and detailed learning.

Any of us living in society constantly meets the most diverse problems of economic nature. One of them is to satisfy the needs (food, education, clothing, rest). It should also be mentioned the need to choose one or another activity whether the means to buy the desired product and much more. So we can say that the economy is an integral part of the life of a modern person. We regularly use economic terminology in our speech, without noticing. For example, money, consumption, income, salary level and many others. Enterprises, in turn, are the basis of the economy, because they produce various goods, perform work and services.

Types of economic activity

There are several types of economic activity:

Household is an economy whose maintenance is carried out by a group of jointly living people.
A small enterprise is an economic unit, occupied by the manufacture of relatively small amounts of goods. The owner of such an enterprise can be one person or several. As a rule, it uses its own work by the owner or is employed by a relatively small number of employees.
Large businesses are enterprises that produce goods massively. As a rule, these enterprises are formed by combining property owners. An example of which enterprise is a joint stock company.
National economy is an association of economic activity across the country. To a certain extent, this activity is sent by the state, which, in turn, tries to ensure sustainable growth in the country's economy and thereby increase the welfare of the entire population.
The world economy is an economic system in which there is a relationship between various countries and peoples.

Forms of economic activity

Definition 1.

The form of economic activity is a system of norms, which determines the domestic relations of enterprise partners, as well as the attitude of this enterprise with other counterparties and government agencies.

There are several forms of economic activity:

Individual shape;
Collective form;
Corporate form.

Under individual form of economic activity It is understood by the company, whose owner is this or an individual, or family. The functions of the owner and entrepreneurs are combined in one subject. He receives and distributes the income received, and also carries the risk from its economic activity and has unlimited property responsibility to its creditors and third parties. As a rule, such enterprises are not legal entities. The owner of this enterprise can attract additional hired labor, but in rather limited quantities (no more than 20 people).

If speak about collective form of economic activityThere are three types of them: economic partnerships, business companies, joint-stock companies.

Economic partnerships May be in shape: full partnership and partnership on faith. The full partnership is an organization that is based on collective ownership. As a rule, it is an association of several individuals or legal. All participants in this type of partnership carry full unlimited responsibility for all the obligations of the partnership. The property of the full partnership is formed by the contributions of its participants and obtained in the process of carrying out their activities of income. All property belongs to the participant of the full partnership on the rights of equity property.

A partnership on faith is an association, where one or more of his owners carry full responsibility for all the obligations of the partnership, the remaining depositors are responsible only within the capital belonging to them.

TO economic Societies Refines: Limited Liability Company, Society with additional responsibility. Limited Liability Company is enterprises that are created by combining the contributions of legal entities and individuals. At the same time, the number of participants in a limited liability company cannot exceed the established limit, otherwise during the year this society will be transformed into a joint-stock company.

Society with additional responsibility It is an organization that share capital is divided into shares, the size of which is defined in advance. This type of society is formed by one or several persons. For all the obligations of society, all its founders are subject to subsidiary responsibility in the amount, which is Cathedral in the cost of the contribution to the authorized capital.

Joint-stock company It is the form of economic activity, all the means of which are formed by combining the capital of the founders, as well as the issue and placement of shares. Participants in the joint-stock company are responsible for all obligations in a society in the amount equal to deposits.

In order to protect its commercial interests and increase the efficiency of capital use of the enterprise, various organizational and legal forms can be united in the so-called corporate forms of entrepreneurship. These include: concerns, consortium, inter-sectoral and regional unions.

Concern - This is the union of organizations that joint activities voluntarily. As a rule, the concert possess scientific and technical functions, functions of industrial and social development, functions of foreign economic activity, etc.

Consortium - Combining the organization to solve certain tasks created for a while. In our country, the consortium is created to implement government programs to organize any forms of ownership.

Industry and Regional Unions represent the association of organizations on the contractual conditions. These unions are created to implement one or more production and economic functions.

Organization of economic activity

The organization of economic activity takes three stages:

Stage 1 - assessment of opportunities. Initially, it is necessary to give an objective assessment to all resources, necessary for the production process. For these purposes it is advisable to use scientific developments. The main advantage of this stage is that it helps to give a preliminary assessment of the production potential precisely in those volumes and in those conditions that will be investigated, and on the basis of which the decision will be approved for the launch of this or that products. After the organization's production potential is studied, the production line is launched within the plan formed.
2 stage - running auxiliary production. The implementation of this phase is only if there is a need. Auxiliary production is a pretty necessary event, since it helps to master the new segments of the sales market and increase the chance of the effectiveness of the financial development of the organization. The organization of the organization can be carried out both by their own and through the attraction of third-party organizations and resources. At this stage, services are used to optimize the production of production and evaluate the potential costs of funds. At the next stage, work is carried out aimed at studying the sales market and product sales capabilities.
3 Stage - product sales. All stages affecting the sale of products are monitored. At the same time, the products implemented are carried out, and projections are drawn up, which make it possible to accept competent solutions to the Organization's management. There is a situation where the post-sale methodology should be developed. For example, when establishing a warranty period for its products.

Economic activities - activities that are aimed at the production or exchange of goods, material and intangible goods. There are several types of economic activities, each of which arose at different times and had its own way of development.

Agricultural activities

Agriculture is to satisfy the needs of the population in food. Agriculture can be divided into two industries: animal husbandry and crop production. The crop production originated when a person realized that I could not only get food, mastering all new and new territories, but also to the breeding of food cultures. Livestock appeared in turn at the moment when a person began to domestic animals in order to obtain milk, meat and wool.

Fig. 1. Agriculture.

The main means of agricultural production is the Earth.

Industry

This activity includes mining and manufacturing industries. The formation of the industry occurred in the era of the primitive-commodity system. It was inseparable from the natural economy. Later, the industry becomes a completely independent industry, which is rapidly developing, especially in the period of the formation and origin of capitalism. In the industrial industry, you can distinguish the fuel, light, food, forest industry, as well as ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy.

Fig. 2. Mining mining.

Transportation

For stable operation of agrarian and manufacturing enterprises, a stable work of transport is necessary.
The transportation economy can be divided into 3 types:

air transport (aircraft, helicopters);
land transport (cars, metro, train);
water transport (ships, river and sea ships).

The transport industry often depends on external conditions, because the travel and transportation of goods are often performed over long distances.

Services sector

The scope of services is also a type of economic activity. Only here the end result is not a product, but any intangible object - training, treatment, the provision of services. Science, Health and Education - Economic Activities, which can be attributed to the service sector. Health care is engaged in the treatment and health of public health.

Fig. 3. Health.

Education is divided preschool, secondary and higher. The development of science in developed countries is given great importance. After all, its contribution to the development of the state is very large. It is countries that have great knowledge in the field of science that attract specialists have a powerful economy.

Building

This industry is engaged in the construction of new residential and production facilities, as well as their reconstruction. The main role is to create conditions for the rapid development of the economy of a country. Construction products are buildings and structures, as well as works that are necessary for building buildings.

What did we know?

The ultimate result of any economic activity is the product or any material or not material services. There are several basic types of economic activities. These include agriculture, industry, transport, construction, services.

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In the distant past (over 10 thousand years ago), people were practically engaged in production, but only they took everything necessary from nature. Their activity was hunting, fisheries and gathering. Over time, humanity has greatly changed and improved activities.

From this article, you will learn what economic activities are and what types of economic activities are.

So, the economy is called human production all that is necessary to ensure the needs and improvement of living conditions. In other words, economic activity is a totality of industries that are interrelated.

Such sectors refers:

agriculture;
industry;
services sector;
transport;
trade;
science and education;
health care;
building.

Engaged in providing people with food and supply of raw materials for some industries. The development of agricultural production depends mainly on natural conditions. The degree of development of agriculture, in turn, has a great influence on the economy and the political situation of the state, as well as on its food independence.

The most important directions of this industry are animal husbandry and crop production. Livestock is engaged in the content and breeding of farm animals for food (eggs, cheese, milk), raw materials (wool) and organic fertilizers. It includes cattle breeding, poultry farming, sheep, pig breeding, etc.

The task of crop production is to grow different farm cultural plants, which are then used as food, animal feed and raw materials. The sectors of crop production include vegetable growing, potatoes, gardening, grain farm, etc.

Enterprises that produce implement tools and are producing materials, raw materials, fuel, as well as processing industrial or agricultural products. Industry is divided into mining and processing. The extractive specializes in the extraction of raw materials, oil, coal, ore, peat, and processing - on the production of black and non-ferrous metals, machinery, equipment, building materials. Industry includes the following industries:

fuel industry;
light industry;
food industry;
forest industry;
non-ferrous metallurgy;
ferrous metallurgy;
mechanical engineering and other industries.

Services sector

This industry is designed to provide the population with material and intangible (spiritual) services. Material services include household service, communication, transport. To the intangible - health care, trade, communal service. There are also market and non-market services. Under the market, they mean those services that are implemented on the market for significant, in terms of the economy, prices. Transport, paid education and health care are examples of typical market services. On non-market services includes science, defense and free health care and education services, that is, everything that has no economic value.

Means satisfying the needs of the population in the carriage of goods and passengers. This industry expands the scale of production and consumption, since literally connects these two processes. However, transport is strongly dependent on external conditions, because transportation is often carried out for long distances. Nevertheless, the transport industry is considered quite profitable in market conditions, not to mention the monopolization of transport.

The activities of people who are associated with acts of purchase and sale and a complex of operations intended to implement the exchange process. Trading is two types: Wholesale and retail. In wholesale trade, the purchase of goods occurs in large parties, as it is acquired for further use. The retail, on the contrary, carries out acts of purchase and sale directly to finite consumers.

Education includes children's pre-school and general secondary education, as well as training. Education includes industries such as transport, natural science, psychological, radio engineering, mathematical, construction and other types of education. The purpose of science is to obtain scientific knowledge as the results of the studies. Science is very difficult to overestimate: its contribution to the development of the state economy, improving the efficiency of material production and the protection of state resources of the state is very large.

A branch engaged in the organization and ensuring the health of the population. To preserve, maintain physical and mental health, as well as to assist with poor worsening, special social institutions are created.

This branch provides the commissioning of new, as well as the reconstruction and repair of objects of both industrial and non-productive purposes. The main role of this industry is the creation of conditions for the dynamic pace of development of the state economy. In addition, this industry is directly involved in the creation of fixed assets (along with the building materials, metallurgy and some other sectors of the economy), which are intended for all sectors of the national economy.