Staircase suspended from the ceiling. Do-it-yourself winder staircase: we use diagrams and make a staircase with winder steps with photo instructions. Stringing for stairs: features of fastening and marking

Cantilever stairs are probably the most spectacular of all. They float in the air and look attractive in any interior style. In fact, cantilever ladders are quite complex structure, because they must be reliable.

An ordinary staircase, which stands on kosoura, looks solid, solid, but takes up a lot of space, blocks the flow of light, looks too massive, limiting the field of view. For modern interiors- this is not a suitable option, you must agree, because I want to make all structures light, simple, as compact as possible. In such cases, console ladders come to the rescue, which simply do not have kosour - the steps are attached directly to the wall.

You can attach the steps of the cantilever ladder to the wall in different ways:

Direct cut into the wall. On average, the steps cut into the walls by 20-40 centimeters, depending on the strength of the supporting wall itself.
On the special brackets, metal plates, bolts, channels, anchor bolts, decorative supports.
Frame. If by the very wall load bearing capacity minimal, required metal carcass, which is located close to her to be as less noticeable as possible. A frame made of a profile or channel is fixed to the ceilings, and already to it - cantilever steps.

Ceiling braces are often used as additional fastening in cantilever ladders. They also serve as a fence and make the stairs safer. The handrail usually runs along the wall itself, to which the steps are attached. In radical cases, when there are no small children and elderly people in the house, and for the owners, the design comes first, they do without handrails, railings and ceiling strands at all, leaving only the steps that seem literally recessed into the wall.

Regarding the material for the steps of the cantilever staircase, everything here is limited by the imagination of the owners. The most common option is a metal frame attached to the wall and decorated with wood or MDF on top. You can also find cast concrete cantilever steps. Glass will look very impressive in the case of the construction of such a staircase, which will make the structure even less noticeable and weightless.

The advantages of cantilever ladders include:

Visually much more lightweight construction, which does not block the air and light flows in the room.
Spectacular appearance, which helps the stairs become a highlight of the interior.
The consumption of materials for the main structural elements is significantly less.
Useful space can be saved.

However, cantilever ladders have their drawbacks:

If it is decided to abandon the fences, the ascent to the upper floor turns out to be less safe than in the case of using a traditional staircase.
The cantilever ladder may not turn out to be very comfortable in the end.
The design is complex, like the installation itself, which leads to a high cost of work. Yes, you can try to make a cantilever ladder yourself, but you should calculate the load very carefully and usually homeowners turn to specialists.
A strong load-bearing wall or reliable anchorage is required.

It is clear that a cantilever staircase, like the rest, should be planned at the stage of drafting a house project. It is required to choose which wall the structure will be attached to, and partitions made of not too strong materials do not fit categorically, additional reinforcement will be required. If the steps are concrete, reinforcement is necessary, which will make the entire structure more heavy.

It is important not to use any elements at the free end of the cantilever steps, because they will increase the load on the entire structure. In general, the main mistakes in the construction of a cantilever staircase are the wrong choice of fasteners, the use of unreliable elements and the wrong distribution of the load. All this can make the structure simply dangerous to use.

Finding ready-made cantilever ladders is difficult. Usually, such designs are created to order, taking into account the characteristics of the premises and the wishes of the owners. Components can be factory-made, and the model is from the catalog, but still the design will require changes for a specific room. Most often, console ladders are piece, individual products.

Note that spiral staircases are also often built according to the cantilever principle, when all steps are attached to one support, and the other end remains free, floating. The pillar, the base of the spiral staircase, in this case requires a more massive and reliable one.

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Among interfloor stairs console most effective. Indeed, most often the impression is created that the structure is floating in the air, the steps seem to be holding themselves, without support. But this is, of course, an illusion. In fact, such engineering structure, like a cantilever ladder, is painstakingly thought out, and the installation is done with the utmost care.

Moreover, unlike traditional wooden stairs on stringers or bowstrings, this design does not block light fluxes and does not limit the space that falls into the field of view. The benefit is not only visual, but also practical, because often the area of the room does not allow the installation of support pillars. And modern interior solutions do not tolerate clutter, because they prefer simple and rapid lines, and the structures themselves are light and transparent.

What are the design features of cantilever stairs?

The main support for steps, even the most massive ones, of this unusual staircase are brackets fixed in the wall. Ceiling braces, which are not always used, can provide auxiliary support. The handrail, necessary for comfortable and safe movement, is launched along the wall.

The railing near stairs with cantilever steps is usually the least visible. In radical options, they do without railings at all. However, this is rather an extreme, calculated for the external effect and complicates practical use.

V pure form cantilever steps are mounted infrequently - for reasonable reliability, they usually resort to combining cantilever brackets with other support units.

What are the construction steps for cantilever stairs?

Since the construction of a console staircase is a complex, responsible, and time-consuming occupation, its foundation is laid at the stage of planning and creating a project. This is necessary for several reasons.

The material from which the walls will be erected must be taken into account. For example, brackets are inserted into a brick base by at least 200 mm and in such a way that each one is pressed down by masonry in ten rows (this is with a march width of 800 mm). And if bricks or hollow blocks are used, the embedment depth increases to 400 mm. Fastening a cantilever staircase to a wall made of aerated concrete - a rather loose-porous material, you will have to strengthen the places where the steps are embedded with mortgages.
The steps are also presented certain requirements... Not all are suitable, but only made of solid elastic materials, for example, cantilever stairs made of concrete are often found.

If the question arises of constructing a cantilever staircase with your own hands in an already finished building, then it is important to know the characteristics of the walls. Installation is possible on brick and concrete walls, in this case, you can use another type of fastening, namely an anchor.

What is a cantilever ladder for anchoring?

Fastening with anchors will require the implementation of special welded brackets on which ready-made platforms are held. Each separate element attached to the wall anchor bolts- four or more. Accessories for cantilever stairs of this type are bolts with a diameter of 10 mm and thicker, with a length of at least 150 mm. The width of the march cannot exceed 700-800 mm. This method applicable after the complete completion of the main construction.

There is also a way of fastening steps, which does not depend on the quality of the walls at all and is possible in any building. Its essence is in the construction of a powerful metal frame welded from channels / shaped pipes. The structure is made up to the ceiling, located close to the wall, and tied to the upper and lower floors. Step supports are welded (or bolted) to the frame uprights. The frame itself can be hidden behind the masonry / cladding.

Photos and videos tell you how to make a cantilever ladder yourself. However, architectural oversight is desirable. When constructing a "floating" staircase, it must be remembered that each step must withstand a multiple load of at least 150 kgf. This is attached to the hung edge - that is, the end that does not lean on anything. In addition to this weight, the weight of the handrail, if any, must be taken into account.

As a rule, console ladders are not sold ready-made, but are made to the size of a particular room, taking into account the wishes of the owners.

DIY cantilever ladder installation video

Boltsev ladder on suspensions, made of stainless steel, makes it possible to install a staircase in the absence of walls on which the brackets for fastening the steps are mounted. They are especially effective when installed in stairwells without wall framing.

If the walls do not allow the installation of ladders on the bolts, then you should pay attention to the ladders on the suspensions. Each step of the stairs on suspensions is suspended from the ceiling using a special fastening system. For this, the so-called "strings" are used.

"String" is a circle of of stainless steel, the diameter of which is 20 mm. It is attached to the floor and steps. The suspension system, which is produced by the company, makes it possible to firmly and aesthetically strengthen the steps. Ladders on suspensions do not have the usual bowstrings or stringers. Ladder on strings. One side is hung from the ceiling, and the other is hung on the bolts.

Handrail and fence posts are made of wenge-tinted oak. The handrail section is 60x80 mm. On one side of the stairs, railings are mounted, and on the other side, a handrail is attached to the suspensions.

If your house has a second floor, then it is possible to strengthen the suspensions and install the stairs on the suspensions.

This light and transparent design of vertical elements gives the interior a graceful look and does not block the light. The room where such a staircase is installed does not lose its volume. The staircase can be easily installed in the center of the hall, and it will not lose space, but only get a beautiful interior solution.

Suspended ladders have a system of fences, which is made taking into account the structural elements used.

The strings themselves can serve as an enclosing function if needed. The strings can be reinforced with steel or wooden handrail... This design is simple and reliable.

Features of ladders on suspensions:

- stair treads are made of dense wood;

- the thickness of the steps is at least 55 mm;

- the fencing system can be vertical or on the basis of suspensions;

- strings are made of polished stainless steel, 20 mm;

- the equipment can be either a separately attached handrail on the strings, or a system stair railings;

- the complete set allows both the use of wooden racks and stainless steel racks;

— design features and the suspension system make it possible to install the ladder without anchoring.

Scope of ladders on suspensions:

- lack of walls;

- the absence of walls on which you can attach a ladder on the bolts;

- the need to make the most transparent design;

The strength of the structure of the staircase on suspensions is provided by a system of strings, as well as their attachment to the step. Each step can carry a high load by itself. The racks can be installed in almost any home.

Please note that before ordering a ladder with suspensions for your home, it is imperative to make all required measurements for calculating the stairs.

Individual construction of houses is almost never complete without the use of stairs. The main requirement for all types of these structures is the safety of movement on them.

Staircase structures must be strong and stable. Therefore, the question of how to attach a staircase to the ceiling is very relevant in any private house. Let's consider in more detail different options fixing ladder structures, depending on their type.

During operation, the staircase is subjected to various kinds of permanent and temporary loads. In addition to its own weight, it must also support the weight of a person and objects moved along it. Therefore, the issue of firmly fixing such structures in the house is very important.

Ladder structures are usually fixed to:

Semi;
Top floor slab or beam;
Intermarch sites;
Walls- it is recommended to fasten the structure only to load-bearing walls made of concrete, timber or brick. The wall thickness must be at least 25 cm.

Important! Do not fix products to asbestos-cement, plasterboard walls, or partitions laid out in one brick.

The mounting method largely depends on:

Type staircase construction;
The material from which it is made;
Product weight;
Its dimensions;
Floor, slab and wall material.

The main types of ladder structures are:

Marching- can consist of one or more marches.
based on bowstrings, stringers, support post or bolts... Combined supports are most often used.
Complex constructions- a combination of flights and screw sections, several flights with turns at different angles.

The method of fixing the structure depends on many factors - photo

The most common in private houses are marching structures made of wood. A single-marching product can have the simplest fastening - to the floor and ceiling. It is a very reliable and stable system that does not require additional intermediate fasteners.

If there are two or more marches, then additional fixation of the structure is required. Complex models can have combined mounts, depending on the shape and type of support.

Openings for the installation of a staircase

The opening for the stairs in the ceiling should be provided at the design stage of the building.

Its dimensions depend on:

Dimensions of the future design;
Ladder type;
Overlap type.

The hole in the ceiling for the stairs should have a width equal to the width of the flight with the addition of gaps necessary for fastening the structure and its finishing. The length of the opening largely depends on the angle of inclination of the product.

But for the sake of safety of use, the hole in the ceiling for the stairs must allow the descent and ascent of a person in full height... Openings are made in rectangular, square or round shapes.

Fixing stairs to various types of floor slabs

The quality of the material of the staircase is of great importance for its reliability and safety. But the strength of fixing all its elements to each other, as well as correct fastening stairs to the floor, inter-flight platforms, floors and walls play a much larger role.

When constructing a staircase, the intermediate floor can be made of various materials:

Wood - the most common floors are over wooden beams.
Reinforced concrete slabs.
Steel beams are rarely used in private construction.

Depending on the type of supporting structures of the floor, it is possible various ways fixing ladder structures on them.

Interfloor floors on wooden beams

If the floors in the house are made on wooden beams, then the flight of stairs should be laid on the beam without distortions. Its fixation is carried out using special fastening systems, depending on the material of the ladder and the type of its supports.

The supports of the ladder structure in the form or kosour directly adjoin the floor or area between the spans, transferring all the loads to them.

In case of improper fastening in wooden elements cracks can form on the supports. This quite often happens when fixing a bowstring or stringer with beams and slabs into the lock.
Both vertical and horizontal loads act on the lower support of the structure. The same happens when the support is firmly fixed to the floor.
If the bowstring or kosour rests on the overlap with only the horizontal part, then the upper support will only be subjected to vertical loads from the ladder. Consequently, the risk of cracks in the march is minimized.
A gap of about 1 cm is required between the vertical end of the support element and the floor supporting structures.

Fixing wooden stringers to longitudinal or cross beams made of wood can be carried out with a saw cut on the support of the stairs, or on a beam element.

There are a lot of options for fixing ladder structures to wooden beams. Often the choice of a particular method depends on various nuances the product itself and how the opening in the ceiling under the stairs is made.

Features of fastening stairs with metal stringers

Staircase structures on metal supports are stable and durable. If interfloor bearing structures made of reinforced concrete beams then the metal support can simply be welded to them.

But another option is also possible:

The edge of the stringer, with which it will be attached to the beam or ceiling slab, is cut at the required angle.
Steel plates or corners are welded to the ends of the support.
Fastening the stringer to reinforced concrete structure made with bolts or anchors.

For fixing steel ladder To wooden beam can be installed on the upper end of the stringer special metal plate with through holes.

The support is attached to it through these holes. The thickness of the metal must be at least 5 mm.
So that the plate does not interfere in the future decorative finishing, it must be sunk into the beam. This can be done by cutting a rectangular groove in the beam material to fit the plate.
You can do this work with your own hands with the help of a chisel and a hammer, but the process will be very laborious. It is much easier to cut a groove using a router. Width and Height seat should be 3-5 mm than the plate dimensions.
When choosing suitable hardware for fastening a metal stringer, constant and temporary loads must be taken into account. Constant load Is the weight of the staircase itself, variable loads are the weight of a person and objects being moved.
For example, the mass of a metal product is 140 kg, average weight person - 90 kg. Therefore, the minimum load is 230 kg.

If we use self-tapping screws - "wood grouses" 10 x 120 mm in size as fasteners, each of which is capable of withstanding a load of 100 kg, then the use of 8 hardware allows a maximum load on the fasteners of 800 kg. The margin of safety with such a fastening is sufficient.

Due to the wide variety of options, the most suitable fastening of the stairs to the floor must be selected taking into account all the individual characteristics of the structures. If you are not confident in your abilities, then it is better to entrust such work to professionals.

The price for their services will largely depend on the complexity of the product being installed. But do not skimp on this - the safety of the entire structure plays a very important role. More information on this topic " Correct installation stairs to floors of various types"Can be obtained from the video in this article.