PC overlap plates Multipurpose. Plates of overlapping: types and marking according to GOST, characteristics, sizes and prices The carrying capacity of hollow slabs of the floor of GOST

Construction of buildings of any destination can be significantly alleviated if using standard unified elements. One of the main construction units is the slabs of overlapping. In our article we will talk about the reinforced concrete structures of the slab slabs.

This is the most common and cost-effective option with significant advantages over other materials. The sorting of concrete slabs is also quite wide, which will vary the size and choose a solution for any architectural task.

Why it is worth choosing from reinforced concrete

Pluses in use have each of the existing building materials. Choosing the appropriate, it is necessary, first of all, to focus on the type of building and the tasks set before him. Wood coatings are characterized by greater flexibility, low weight and naturalness of origin, but also very susceptible to pests and have a smaller service life relatively with concrete varieties. In addition, it makes sense to take into account the difference in and concrete.

Product classification is carried out in all indicators:

• Design type.
• Dimensions.
• The class of fittings used.
• View of concrete.
• Additional resistance to external influences.
• Constructive features.

In order to have an idea of \u200b\u200ball possible options and, consider each of the above parameters separately a little more detail.

Design type according to GOST classification

The product size must be denoted by capital patient letters, the maximum number of which should not exceed three units.

To learn about the wetting plates of overlapping and about their technical characteristics from the article. On the possible options for filling out the openings between the slabs of overlapping, which to choose a foam block or a gasoblock and which material is better, you can.

The main designations of the design of reinforced concrete products:

No. P / P:	Symbol:	Product name:
1.	FROM	Piles.
2.	F.	Foundations (columnar, tile).
3.	FL	Tape foundations.
4.	FO	Foundations for equipment.
5.	FB.	Foundation blocks.
6.	Bf	Foundation beams.
7.	TO	Columns.
8.	CE	Column overpass (for pipelines).
9.	R	Rigel.
10.	B.	Beams (general designation).
11.	BK	Crane beams.
12.	Bo	Strapping beams.
13.	Bp	Punked beams.
14.	BS	Top beams.
15.	BE.	Boxes under the overpass.
16.	BT	Tunnel beams.
17.	FP	Farms of substropyl.
18.	FS.	Stropil farms.
19.	P	Plates of overlapping monolithic.
20.	PD	Plates of the bottom of the tunnels and channels for communication.
21.	PT.	Plates of overlaps of tunnels and communication channels.
22.	LK	Channel trays.
23.	PC	Peets overlap with round voids.
24.	PP	Plates under parapet.
25.	BY	Plates under the windows.
26.	Op	Support pillows.
27.	LM	Staircase marches.
28.	Lp	Staircases.
29.	LS.	Stair steps.
30.	LB.	Stair beams, boosters.
31.	Sat	Wall blocks.
32.	STC	Wall blocks base.
33.	PS.	Wall panels.
34.	PG	Partition panels.
35.	ETC	Jumpers.
36.	Art	Walls under support.
37.	Sh	Caps are reinforced concrete for the railway.
38.	T.	Pipes reinforced concrete non-paton-free commercial.
39.	TF	Pipes reinforced concrete non-pressure folding.
40.	Tn.	Pipes reinforced concrete pressure vibrohydropressive.
41.	BT	Concrete pipes.

Select suitable products can be used according to the primary purpose. If the design may have several sizes, the letter designation can be supplemented with a number. Consequently, for reinforced concrete slabs of floors with round voids, the product marking will begin with PC, the monolithic structures "P", the remaining designations decrypt further.

Learn more about what you need, you can read the article.

additional information

For products intended for use in more complex operating conditions, there is also a special classification by type of strainable reinforcement, which is used in the manufacture of the structure. Concrete solution is also labeled.

Any house from blocks has wall partitions, you can learn from the wall blocks from the article.

Basic types of concrete:

Also classified concrete for resistance to the effects of the aggressive medium. This indicator is usually used to designate the permeability of the finished concrete layer. It is used in special construction, and to build individual houses, it is enough to use concrete with normal permeability.

The main dimensions of the wetting plates of the overlap:

№ p / P:	Stove mark:	Length of the product, mm:	Width of the product, mm:	Weight, t:	Volume, m³:
1.	PC 17-10.8.	1680	990	0,49	0,36
2.	PC 17-12.8.	1680	1190	0,61	0,44
3.	PC 17-15.8.	1680	1490	0,65	0,55
4.	PC 18-10.8.	1780	990	0,38	0,38
5.	PC 18-12.8.	1780	1190	0,65	0,46
6.	PC 18-15.8.	1780	1490	0,86	0,58
7.	PC 19-10.8.	1880	990	0,55	0,4
8.	PC 19-12.8.	1880	1190	0,69	0,49
9.	PC 19-15.8.	1880	1490	0,9	0,62
10.	PC 20-10.8.	1980	990	0,61	0,44
11.	PC 20-12.8.	1980	1190	0,76	0,54
12.	PC 20-15.8.	1980	1490	1,0	0,68
13.	PC 21-10.8.	2080	990	0,65	0,475
14.	PC 21-12.8.	2080	1190	0,8	0,571
15.	PC 21-15.8.	2080	1490	0,97	0,71
16.	PC 22-10.8.	2180	990	0,725	0,497
17.	PC 22-12.8.	2180	1190	0,85	0,6
18.	PC 22-15.8.	2180	1490	1,15	0,751
19.	PC 23-10.8.	2280	990	0,785	0,52
20.	PC 23-12.8.	2280	1190	0,95	0,62
21.	PC 23-15.8.	2280	1490	1,179	0,78
22.	PC 24-10.8.	2380	990	0,745	0,56
23.	PC 24-12.8.	2380	1190	0,905	0,68
24.	PC 24-15.8.	2380	1490	1,25	0,78
25.	PC 26-10.8.	2580	990	0,825	0,56
26.	PC 26-12.8.	2580	1190	0,975	0,68
27.	PC 26-15.8.	2580	1490	1,325	0,84
28.	PC 27-10.8.	2680	990	0,83	0,58
29.	PC 27-12.8.	2680	1190	1,01	0,7
30.	PC 27-15.8.	2680	1490	1,395	0,87
31.	PC 28-10.8.	2780	990	0,875	0,61
32.	PC 28-12.8.	2780	1190	1,05	0,73
33.	PC 28-15.8.	2780	1490	1,425	0,91
34.	PC 30-10.8.	2980	990	0,915	0,65
35.	PC 30-12.8.	2980	1190	1,11	0,78
36.	PC 30-15.8.	2980	1490	1,425	0,98
37.	PC 32-10.8.	3180	990	0,975	0,69
38.	PC 32-12.8.	3180	1190	1,2	0,83
39.	PC 32-15.8.	3180	1490	1,6	1,04
40.	PC 33-10.8.	3280	990	1,0	0,71
41.	PC 33-12.8.	3280	1190	1,3	0,86
42.	PC 33-15.8.	3280	1490	1,625	1,08
43.	PC 34-10.8.	3380	990	1,05	0,74
44.	PC 34-12.8.	3380	1190	1,24	0,88
45.	PC 34-15.8.	3380	1490	1,675	1,11
46.	PC 36-10.8.	3580	990	1,075	0,78
47.	PC 36-12.8.	3580	1190	1,32	0,94
48.	PC 36-15.8.	3580	1490	1,75	1,17
49.	PC 38-10.8.	3780	990	1,15	0,82
50.	PC 38-12.8.	3780	1190	1,39	0,99
51.	PC 38-15.8.	3780	1490	1,75	1,24
52.	PC 39-10.8.	3880	990	1,2	0,85
53.	PC 39-12.8.	3880	1190	1,43	1,02
54.	PC 39-15.8.	3880	1490	1,8	1,27
55.	PC 40-10.8.	3980	990	1,2	0,87
56.	PC 40-12.8.	3980	1190	1,475	1,04
57.	PC 40-15.8.	3980	1490	1,92	1,3
58.	PC 42-10.8.	4180	990	1,26	0,91
59.	PC 42-12.8.	4180	1190	1,525	1,09
60.	PC 42-15.8.	4180	1490	1,97	1,37
61.	PC 43-10.8.	4280	990	1,26	0,93
62.	PC 43-12.8.	4280	1190	1,57	1,12
63.	PC 43-15.8.	4280	1490	2,0	1,4
64.	PC 44-10.8.	4380	990	1,29	0,95
65.	PC 44-12.8.	4380	1190	1,61	1,15
66.	PC 44-15.8.	4380	1490	2,06	1,44
67.	PC 45-10.8.	4480	990	1,33	0,98
68.	PC 45-12.8.	4480	1190	1,62	1,17
69.	PC 45-15.8.	4480	1490	2,11	1,47
70.	PC 48-10.8.	4780	990	1,425	1,04
71.	PC 48-12.8.	4780	1190	1,725	1,25
72.	PC 48-18.8.	4780	1490	2,25	1,57
73.	PC 51-10.8.	5080	990	1,475	1,11
74.	PC 51-12.8.	5080	1190	1,825	1,33
75.	PC 51-15.8.	5080	1490	2,475	1,67
76.	PC 52-10.8.	5180	990	1,53	1,13
77.	PC 52-12.8.	5180	1190	1,9	1,36
78.	PC 52-15.8.	5180	1490	2,42	1,7
79.	PC 53-10.8.	5280	990	1,6	1,13
80.	PC 53-12.8.	5280	1190	1,91	1,38
81.	PC 53-15.8.	5280	1490	2,46	1,73
82.	PC 54-10.8.	5380	990	1,6	1,17
83.	PC 54-12.8.	5380	1190	1,95	1,41
84.	PC 54-15.8.	5380	1490	2,525	1,76
85.	PC 56-10.8.	5580	990	1,65	1,22
86.	PC 56-12.8.	5580	1190	2,01	1,46
87.	PC 56-15.8.	5580	1490	2,6	1,85
88.	PC 57-10.8.	5680	990	1,675	1,24
89.	PC 57-12.8.	5680	1190	2,05	1,49
90.	PC 57-15.8.	5680	1490	2,75	1,86
91.	PC 58-10.8.	5780	990	1,71	1,24
92.	PC 58-12.8.	5780	1190	2,07	1,51
93.	PC 58-15.8.	5780	1490	2,73	1,89
94.	PC 59-10.8.	5880	990	1,775	1,26
95.	PC 59-12.8.	5880	1190	2,11	1,54
96.	PC 59-15.8.	5880	1490	2,825	1,93
97.	PC 60-10.8.	5980	990	1,775	1,3
98.	PC 60-12.8.	5980	1190	2,15	1,57
99.	PC 60-15.8.	5980	1490	2,8	1,96
100.	PC 62-10.8.	6180	990	1,83	1,35
101.	PC 62-12.8.	6180	1190	2,21	1,62
102.	PC 62-15.8.	6180	1490	2,91	2,03
103.	PC 63-10.8.	6280	990	1,86	1,37
104.	PC 63-12.8.	6280	1190	2,25	1,65
105.	PC 63-15.8.	6280	1490	3,0	2,09
106.	PC 64-10.8.	6380	990	1,88	1,39
107.	PC 64-12.8.	6380	1190	2,26	1,67
108.	PC 64-15.8.	6380	1490	3,0	2,09
109.	PC 65-10.8.	6480	990	1,9	1,41
110.	PC 65-12.8.	6480	1190	2,29	1,7
111.	PC 65-15.8.	6480	1490	3,02	2,12
112.	PC 66-10.8.	6580	990	1,94	1,43
113.	PC 66-12.8.	6580	1190	2,32	1,72
114.	PC 66-15.8.	6580	1490	3,1	2,16
115.	PC 67-10.8.	6680	990	1,96	1,45
116.	PC 67-12.8.	6680	1190	2,44	1,75
117.	PC 67-15.8.	6680	1490	3,23	2,19
118.	PC 68-10.8.	6780	990	2,01	1,48
119.	PC 68-12.8.	6780	1190	2,5	1,79
120.	PC 68-15.8.	6780	1490	3,3	2,25
121.	PC 69-12.8.	6880	1190	2,54	1,78
122.	PC 69-15.8.	6880	1490	3,16	2,22
123.	PC 70-10.8.	6980	990	2,06	1,52
124.	PC 70-12.8.	6980	1190	2,46	1,83
125.	PC 70-15.8.	6980	1490	3,27	2,29
126.	PC 72-10.8.	7180	990	2,12	1,56
127.	PC 72-12.8.	7180	1190	2,53	1,88
128.	PC 72-15.8.	7180	1490	3,36	2,35
129.	PC 73-12.8.	7280	1190	2,64	1,91
130.	PC 73-15.8.	7280	1490	3,41	2,39
131.	PC 74-12.8.	7380	1190	2,67	1,93
132.	PC 74-15.8.	7380	1490	3,45	2,42
133.	PC 75-12.8.	7480	1190	2,8	1,96
134.	PC 75-15.8.	7480	1490	3,49	2,45
135.	PC 76-12.8.	7580	1190	2,74	1,98
136.	PC 76-15.8.	7580	1490	3,53	2,48
137.	PC 77-12.8.	7680	1190	2,78	2,01
138.	PC 77-15.8.	7680	1490	3,59	2,52
139.	PC 78-12.8.	7780	1190	2,82	2,04
140.	PC 78-15.8.	7780	1490	3,83	2,55
141.	PC 79-12.8.	7880	1190	2,85	2,06
142.	PC 79-15.8.	7880	1490	3,68	2,58
143.	PC 80-12.8.	7980	1190	3,063	2,09
144.	PC 80-15.8.	7980	1490	3,73	2,62
145.	PC 81-12.8.	8080	1190	3,1	2,12
146.	PC 81-15.8.	8080	1490	3,78	2,65
147.	PC 82-12.8.	8180	1190	2,95	2,14
148.	PC 82-15.8.	8180	1490	3,82	2,68
149.	PC 83-12.8.	8280	1190	2,99	2,17
150.	PC 83-15.8.	8280	1490	3,86	2,71
151.	PC 84-12.8.	8380	1190	3,02	2,19
152.	PC 84-15.8.	8380	1490	3,92	2,75
153.	PC 85-12.8.	8480	1190	3,06	2,22
154.	PC 85-15.8.	8480	1490	3,96	2,78
155.	PC 86-12.8.	8580	1190	3,3	2,25
156.	PC 86-15.8.	8580	1490	4,0	2,81
157.	PC 87-12.8.	8680	1190	3,13	2,27
158.	PC 87-15.8.	8680	1490	4,06	2,85
159.	PC 88-12.8.	8780	1190	3,16	2,3
160.	PC 88-15.8.	8780	1490	4,1	2,88
161.	PC 89-12.8.	8880	1190	3,17	2,32
162.	PC 89-15.8.	8880	1490	4,15	2,91
163.	PC 90-12.8.	8980	1190	3,2	2,35
164.	PC 90-15.8.	8980	1490	4,2	2,94

The last designation of the figure "8" at the end of the marking is the calculated load, which is standard for residential buildings of 800 kgf / m².

Multipustoble reinforced concrete slabs of overlaps are one of the most popular types of concrete, designed to separate the levels of the building and laying bearing structures. Specifications and norms are controlled by GOST 9561-91, the characteristics allow them to use them in any field of construction: from private houses to industrial facilities. The obligatory nuances of applications include the use of lifting equipment for laying and testing supporting abilities. Select the desired series easily, the label includes all the necessary information.

Externally, crowded panels are a rectangular box with proper geometry of walls and ends, with longitudinal reinforcement, round or pear-like internal cavities located with an equal interval. For their production, heavy, light and dense silicate brands of concrete (for carrier systems their strength class is not lower than B22.5). The voids are located in parallel to the main direction along the length (for relying on 2 or 3 sides of the species) or any of the side of the contour for overlap with the Marking of the PAC.

The presence of a frame must, to extend the service life and gain reliability, the entire metal placed inside is treated with anti-corrosion compositions at the production stage. In the panel, supported by 2 or 3 sides, a frame of pre-hard fittings is laid. Depending on the purpose of the ceiling slabs, steel is used by one of the following stamps: seven-level strands with a cross section 6P-7, periodic profile 5VR-II, K-7 ropes, thermally hardened rods of AT-V and other materials corresponding to the standard (Series 1 141.1 - the main A document regulating the process of issuing and verifying product quality).

The main technical characteristics include:

1. Dimensions and weight of structures. Thickness is standard and unchanged (most types - 220 mm), the length varies from 2.4 m to 12, the width - in the range of 1-2.6 m. The exceptions are views based on 4 sides (Marking of the PAC), their dimensions varies from 3 × 4.2 to 3 × 7.2 m, respectively. Middle weight 1 pm With a width of 1 m is 360 kg.

2. Carrying capacity. Depending on the brand of concrete and the intensity of reinforcement, the plates with voids are withstanding from 450 to 1200 kg / m2. The standard value of the most popular series with round holes is 800 kg / m2, if it is necessary to exceed it, the product is made under the order.

3. The limit of fire resistance of crowded panels is 1 hour, if necessary, it increases by increasing armofamocas.

Constructions are valued for reliability, lightweight weight, good strength to bend stretching due to the presence of internal voids, the possibility of hiding communications, resistance to moisture, open fire, biological effects, heat and sound insulation properties, durability. An important advantage is considered high geometric accuracy that simplifies the installation process and subsequent finish.

A type	Actual thickness, mm	Length (maximum, inclusive), m	The thickness of the plates (the ratio of the volume of concrete to the area) mm	Diameter of emptiness, mm	Nominal distance between the centers of emptiness, not less mm
1PK, 1PT, 1PKK	220	7.2 (up to 9 at the plates for production buildings, based exclusively on 2 sides)	120	159	185
2PK, 2Pt, 2PKK		7,2	160	140
3PK, 3PT, 3PKK		6,3		127
4PK	260	9,0		159 *
5PK		12	170	180	235
6PK			150	203	233
7PK	160	7,2	90	114	139
PG	260	12	150
PB	220	Depends on molding parameters

* There are additional cuts in the upper zone.

The main standards are width - PC-10, PC-12 and PC-15. All types of holes have a round shape, an exception is PG - plates with a pear-shaped void. Options with labeling PAC is allowed to perform beveled ends.

All the dimensions of reinforced concrete floors with holes inside are unified (including the length of the interval in length), deviations do not exceed 5 mm. The above thickness indicated in the table characterizes the efficiency of the product.

Marking Multi-Public Plate

Standard decoding includes:

1. A digit characterizing the size of the diameter of the internal holes according to GOST 9561-91. Sleeping for 1PCs, in most points there is a simple designation - PC.

2. Type. It is indicated by 2 or 3 letters, contains information on the form of voids, the method of manufacturing and the number of supported parties. Of all the varieties, the method of continuous forming is manufactured by PB.

3. Dimensions of multi-consistency plates of the overlap: the first is the length (the parties not based on the supporting structures), then the width, in DM, rounded to more. Thickness is not specified, this value depends on the type of product. Real dimensions are always less: by 20 mm in length, 10 - in width.

4. Fourth mandatory item is a number reflecting the carrying capacity of the product w / w.

5. Type of reinforcement. May be skipped for unknown frames.

6. Mark of the solution: not indicated for the heavy used in the prevailing share of products. Letter L means the use of light concrete, C - dense silicate.

7. Other, additional characteristics or design features of products. These include resistance to seismic influences or aggressive gases, the presence of mortgage elements.

Sphere and features of application

The main purpose is the organization of a reliable collection of overlap in facilities with supporting walls (during construction is also used). In private and low-rise construction, they are used to bookmark the main floors, the separation of floors and the attic space, the arrangement of single-table roofs in economic buildings, platforms and as a fence. Their carrying ability fully complies with the construction requirements (the standard norm when calculating the weight of people and furniture is 150 kg / m2, the actual value exceeds it at times). Soundproofing characteristics allow you to ensure reliable protection against noise even with a device of single-layer floors.

Long plates (up to 9 m at 1PK, 12 for 4 PCs, 5 PCs, 6 PCs and PGs) are intended for installation in public buildings, the rest are considered universal and recommended for residential buildings, including individual. When choosing sizes, the need to comply with the standard of laying on supports - from 7 to 15 cm, depending on the material of the walls (minimum - on a dense brick, maximum on aerated concrete). When you count on squares, the cost of 1 m2 from overlaps of a width of 1 m is more expensive than that of products with 1.2 or 1.5 m, this is due to the prohibition on their transverse cutting. The use of the PC series is allowed by:

• Get a reliable design designed for significant weight loads.
• Improve the insulating capacity of the building.
• Provide a perfectly smooth overlap horizontal (with proper placing and checking supports).
• Improve waterproof, fire safety and acoustic protection of the building.

Cost plates for floors

Series	Bearing capacity, kg / m2	Dimensions (Length × Width × thickness), mm	Weight, kg	Price per 1 pcs, rubles
PC 16.10-8	800	1580 × 990 × 220	520	2 930
PC 20.12-8		1980 × 1190 × 220	750	4 340
PC 30.10-8		2980 × 990 × 220	880	6 000
PC 36.10-8		3580 × 990 × 220	1060	6 410
PC 45.15-8		4480 × 1490 × 220	2120	12 600
PC 60.18-8		5980 × 1780 × 220	3250	13 340
PC 90.15-8		8980 × 1490 × 220	4190	40 760
2PK 21.12-8	800	2080 × 1190 × 220	950	3 800
2PC 62.10-8		6180 × 990 × 220	2425	8 730

Plates of overlapping call horizontal structures that perform the function of inter-storey or attic partitions installed between the roof and the last floor of the house. In modern construction, usually resort to the installation of concrete floors, while absolutely no matter how many levels in the structure. In this article, we will look at the types and dimensions of the slabs of the overlapping, which are used in construction sites most often. These products make up the main share of products, which is produced at the ZhBI factories.

Appointment design

Bearing structures are made of heavy or lightweight concrete, and enhance their structure with the help of fittings, which gives strength to products. In the modern construction materials market, all the standard types of LB slabs are presented, which can be divided into several categories, depending on which their width, length, weight, and other equally important parameters affecting the main characteristics of products.

The most common method of classifying concrete panels is to divide them by type of cross-section. There are also several distinctive characteristics that we will definitely consider in our article.

Multipustoble reinforced concrete panels PC

This is one of the most common varieties of products produced at the ZhBI factories, which are equally well suited for the construction of a private and high-rise building. Also crowded PCs are widely used in the construction of massive industrial buildings, with their help provide protection of the heat mains.

Multipredlent floors plates are characterized by emptiness

A flat surface of which has a round-standing panels, which allows you to mount reliable overlaps between floors withsting impressive loads. This design is equipped with cavities with sections of various shapes and diameters that happen:

• round;
• oval;
• semicircular.

Technological voids that are filled with air during the installation, thanks to this feature, they are in high demand, which indicates the advantages of such a configuration of blocks. The indisputable advantages of the PC refers:

1. Significant savings of raw materials, which reduces the cost of the finished product.
2. The high coefficient of thermal and noise isolation, which improves the operational characteristics of the construction.
3. The head-standing panels are an excellent solution for laying communication highways (wires, pipes).

The reinforced concrete structures of this type can be divided into subgroups, and then we will tell you which round-standing overlaps are and for what features they can be attributed to one or another subgroup. This information will be important for the correct choice of material depending on the technological requirements of construction.

Plates are based on the installation method: 1 points there are three reference sides, while 1 PAC can be laid on all four sides.

It is also necessary to pay attention to the size of the internal voids - the smaller the diameter of the holes, the rigorous and stronger round-standing panels. For example, in samples 2Pt and 1 PKK, a similar width, thickness, length and number of reference sides, but in the first case the diameter of the hollow holes is 140 mm, and in the second - 159 mm.

As for the strength of products produced by plants, its indicators directly affect the thickness, which is on average 22 cm. There are also more massive panels with a thickness of 30 cm, and when filling light samples, this parameter is observed within 16 cm, while in Most cases use light concrete.

Separately, it is worth mentioning the bearing capacity of PC products. Most crowded overlaps of the PC, according to generally accepted standards, withstand the load of 800 kg / m2. For the construction of massive industrial buildings, plates made of stressed concrete are used, this parameter is increased to the calculated value of 1200-1250 kg / m2. The estimated load is a weight exceeding the same amount of the product itself.

Manufacturers produce reinforced concrete panels of standard sizes, but sometimes parameters can differ significantly. The PC length can vary in the range of 1.5 m - 1.6 m, and their width is 1 m, 1.2 m, 1.5 m and 1.8 m. The easiest and small overlaps weigh less halftone, while the most massive and heavy samples have a weight of 4,000 kg.

The round-standing structures are very convenient to use, because the developer always has the ability to select the material of the desired size, and this is another secret of the popularity of this product. After reviewing the most common PC products to which the wetting plates of overlappings include, considering their types and sizes, we propose to go to other products of similar purpose.

Prefabbribes (P-shaped) panels

The data of the reinforced concrete structures were obtained thanks to a particular configuration with two longitudinal ribbins, and they are used in the construction of non-residential premises and as carrier elements for laying the heat center and water supply networks. To enhance the LB products at the stage of their fill, reinforcement is carried out, which in a particular form leads to savings of raw materials, gives them special strength and emphasizes bending resistance. They are not customary to be installed as jumpers between floors for a residential building, as it will have to face an inesttic ceiling, which is quite difficult to provide communications and tinkering. It also has its subspecies, consider what differences are available in products within the same group.

The design of ribbed plates is characterized by high strength

The first and main distinctive feature of the P-shaped structures is their size, or rather, in the height indicators, which is 30 or 40 cm. In the first case, we face products that are used in the construction of public buildings and as jumpers between the upper floor of the house and an attic room. For massive large-sized commercial and industrial buildings, the plates with a height of 40 cm usually choose. The width of the ribbed overlaps can be 1.5 or 3 m (for more durable samples), and their weight ranges in the range of 1.5 - 3 tons (in rare cases up to 7 ton). Prefabricated concrete slabs are characterized by the following length indicators:

• 12 m.
• 18 m (rarely).

Solid good structures

If it is necessary to obtain a particularly strong overlap between the floors of the house, resort to the help of solid jumpers, since they easily withstand the load in 1000-3000 kgf / m2, and they are used mainly when installing multi-storey buildings.

Solid jumpers allow you to mount high strength overlap

Such products have consists, because their weight for relatively small dimensions is quite impressive: standard samples weigh from 600 kg to 1500 kg. Also, they are also weak indicators of thermal and noise isolation, which does not allow them to compete with the empty PC samples. The length of this type of panels is from 1.8 m to 5 m, and the thickness is 12 or 16 cm.

Monolithic structures

The previous and these types of panels have the same scope of application and are installed where there is a need to create a strong building that can withstand overload. Such a partition does not contain cavities and is created directly on the construction site according to the existing accurate calculations, so it can take any configuration and dimensions limited only by an area of \u200b\u200ban elevated object.

In the article, we described in detail what kind of overlapping panels, which standard dimensions they possess and where they are most often used, so you can choose the necessary products for the upcoming construction and get a solid durable design that can last for no less than a century.

Looking at the stack of reinforced concrete slabs, an ordinary citizen does not suspect how important information they can inform a specialist to builder. It is not surprising, because in everyday life we \u200b\u200brarely meet with such structures.

If we are talking about a new building, then the customer of installation work will be useful to know what the types and dimensions of the slabs of the overlapping also exist, as well as their maximum carrying capacity of GOST.

At first glance, the differences between the wetting plates of overlappings are only in their length, thickness and width. However, the technical characteristics of these structures are much more extensive, so we will look at them in more detail.

State Standard - Code of Strength

All basic requirements for wetting plates of overlapping, including their purpose and strength characteristics, describes GOST 9561-91.

First of all, it indicates the gradation of the plates depending on their thickness, the diameter of the holes and the number of sides, which they rest on the walls.

In addition to different thickness and geometric sizes, empty overlap slabs are classified according to the reinforcement method. GOST indicates that the panels that rest on the walls 2 or 3 by the parties should be made using pre-stressed fittings.

The practical conclusion, which follows from this to the developer, cannot be pierced by openings for engineering communications, violating the integrity of the working fittings. Otherwise, the stove may lose the carrier (crack under load or collapse).

Paragraph 1.2.7 GOST 9561-91 makes important exceptions, allowing some types of plates to not put in them strained fittings.

They belong to such panels:

• 220 mm thick with a length of 4780 mm (emptiness with a diameter of 140 and 159 mm);
• 260 mm thick, length less than 5680 mm;
• 220 mm thick, any length (emptiness with a diameter of 127 mm).

If you brought such reinforced concrete slabs on the object, and in their passport there is an unknown fittings, do not hurry to send the machine back to the plant. These designs correspond to construction standards.

Features of manufacturing technology

Overlapping slabs are made in different ways, which is reflected on the quality of their face surface. The plates of the brand of PC and PG are cast in formwork, and the PB panels are made in a continuous way on the conveyor line. The latest technology is perfect formwork making, so the surface of the PB plates is more flat and smooth than that of PC brands and PG panels.

In addition, conveyor production allows you to make PB plates of any length (from 1.8 to 9 meters). It is very convenient for the customer when it comes to the so-called "good" plates.

The fact is that when laying plates on the building plan, several sites are always formed, where the standard panels are not placed. Builders come out of the situation, filling such "white spots" by monolithic concrete directly at the facility. The quality of such a homemade design is noticeably inferior to the one that is achieved in the factory (vibration removal and the steaming of concrete).

The advantage of PC plates and PG in front of the PB panels is that they can pierce the holes for communication, without fear of the destruction of the structure. The reason is that the diameter of emptiness is at least 114 mm, which allows you to freely skip the sewage riser (with a diameter of 80 or 100 mm).

At the PB slab holes are narrower (60 mm). Therefore, here for skipping the riser has to cut the edge, relaxing the design. Experts argue that such a procedure is unacceptable only for high-rise construction. When erecting low-rise housing, punching holes in PB plates is allowed.

Advantages of hollow reinforced concrete plates

There are many of them and all of them are quite weighty:

• Decrease in the weight of building structures;
• Empties in the stoves are quenched by vibration, so such a flood has good sound insulation;
• The possibility of laying communications inside emptiness;
• Fire resistance and moisture resistance;
• High speed mounting work;
• Durability of the structure.

Sizes of hollow slabs overlap

Here, all the maximum is unified in order to make the design of any mounting size. The gradation of the width and the length of the plates goes in increments from 100 to 500 mm.

Marking - Overlapping Plate Passport

The developer does not necessarily know the subtleties of technology, using which is manufactured by a multi-consistency stove of overlapping. It is enough to learn how to properly decipher the label.

It is performed in accordance with GOST 23009. The stove brand includes three alphanumeric groups separated by hyphens.

The first group contains data on the type of panel, its length and width in decimeters (rounded to an integer).

The second group indicates:

• Bearing capacity of the plate or the calculated load (kilopascular or kilogram-forces per 1 m2);
• Pre-stressed slabs indicate the class of reinforcement steel;
• View of concrete (L - light, C - silicate, heavy concrete in marking is not denoted).

The third group in the marking contains additional characteristics reflecting the special conditions for the use of structures (resistance to aggressive gases, seismic effects, etc.). In addition, here sometimes denote the structural features of the plates (the presence of additional mortgage parts).

As an example explaining the principle of marking hollow panels, consider such a design:

The hollow type panel type 1PK, length 6280 mm, width 1490 mm, is designed for a load of 6 kPa (600 kg / m2) and made of light concrete using stranded fittings of the AT-V class).

Her marking will look like this: 1PK63.15-6TVL. Here we see only two groups of characters.

If the plate is made of heavy concrete and is intended for use in the seismic zone (seismicity up to 7 points), then the third group of characters appears in its designation: 1PC 63.15-6ATV-C7.

The considered technical characteristics of the ceiling slabs determine the scope of their application.

All types of crowd panels are calculated based on the regulatory load on the overlap - 150 kg / m2 (weight of people, equipment and furniture).

The bearing capacity of the standard plate is in the range from 600 to 1000 kg / m2. Comparing the ratio of 150 kg / m2 with the actual strength of the panels, it is not difficult to see that their reliability is very high. Therefore, they can be laid in all kinds of residential, industrial and public buildings.

Type of plate	The thickness of the plate, meters	The average density of the concrete plate, kg / m3	Plate length, meters	Characteristic building
1PK, 1PT, 1PKK			up to 7.2 inclusive	Residential buildings (Soundproofing of rooms is provided by a device of floating, hollow, intestinal or layered floors, as well as single-layer floors on the screed
1PK
2PK, 2Pt, 2PKK				Residential buildings in which the sound insulation of residential premises is provided by the device of single-layer floors
3PK, 3PT, 3PKK
4PK				Public and industrial buildings
5PK
6PK
PG
7PK				Residential buildings (low-rise and manor type)

This table contains a reduced plate thickness - the term is incomprehensible to beginners. This is not a geometric thickness of the panel, but a special parameter created to assess the economy of plates. It is obtained by dividing the volume of concrete laid in the stove, on its surface area.

Approximate prices

During construction, dozens of sizes of extinct plates are used, so the detailed description of their prices would have to devote a separate article. We indicate the price parameters of the most "running" panels (pickup):

• PC 30.12-8 - from 4 800 rubles / unit;
• PC 30.15-8 - from 5 500 rubles / unit;
• PC 40.15-8 - from 7 600 rubles / unit;
• PC 48.12-8 - from 7 000 rubles / unit;
• PC 51.15-8 - from 9 500 rubles / unit;
• PC 54.15-8 - from 9,900 rubles / unit;
• PC 60.12-8 - from 8,200 rubles / unit;
• PC 60.15-8 - from 10 600 rubles / unit;

Installation of empty slabs

The main condition for the high-quality installation of the panels is strictly observing the calculated parameters of the wallpaper on the walls. Insufficient support area leads to the destruction of the material of the wall, and excessive - to high heat loss through the cold concrete.

Installation of floor slabs should be performed taking into account the minimum allowable support depth:

• on a brick - 90 mm;
• foam concrete and aerated concrete blocks - 150 mm;
• on steel structures - 70 mm;
• on reinforced concrete - 75 mm;

The maximum depth of sealing plates in the wall should not be greater than 160 mm (brick and light blocks) and 120 mm (concrete and reinforced concrete).

Before mounting, each plate need to close emptiness (light concrete to a depth of at least 12 cm). Putting the "dry" panel is prohibited. For uniform transmission of the load on the walls, the mortar "bed" thickness is reduced by a thickness of no more than 2 cm.

In addition to compliance with the regulatory depths of the content, when installing the slabs of overlapping on fragile blocks of their gas or foam concrete, the monolithic concrete reinforced belt should be put under them. It eliminates the placement of blocks, but requires good outdoor insulation to eliminate cold bridges.

In the process of installation, you should constantly monitor the deviation of the difference in the marks of the facial surfaces in adjacent panels. Do it need it in the seams. Do not listen to the builders who put the panels "steps" and tell you that it is no longer possible to put them.

Construction standards set the following tolerances depending on the slab length:

• up to 4 meters - no more than 8 mm;
• from 4 to 8 meters - no more than 10 mm;
• from 8 to 16 m - no more than 12 mm.

Finished floors plates belong to the category of precast concrete products. Widely used when erecting multi-storey houses, road arrangement. In different types of work, the designs of certain dimensions and forms are used. To facilitate design and construction processes, dimensions were shown to a single standard.

Characteristics

The reinforced concrete slabs of overlappings are made of the so-called structural (using large-scale filler) heavy and light concrete mixtures. The main function is carrier.

Their popularity among builders is due to the convenience of laying, fast installation and an acceptable price. However, they have a lot of weight, so the support must be much stronger than the prick. In addition, the concrete structure is not distinguished by water resistance, respectively, it cannot be stored for a long open-air without waterproofing protection.

Produced in 3 types:

1. Solid. Different with high levels of compressive strength, large mass and low sound and thermal insulation properties.

2. Tent in the form of a tray with smoothed ribs. When used from the project, the riglels and similar beam elements are excluded. Allow to simplify the soundproofing and finishing of the surfaces inside the room, raise the ceiling level without wall extensions. The dimensions of the reinforced concrete slab overlap of the tent type are dictated by the length and width of the room, the height is standard - 14-16 cm.

3. Empty. This is the most demanded variety of concrete. They are a parallelepiped with longitudinal voids of a tubular nature. Due to its design, considerable loads are considered more durable, withstand significant loads - up to 1250 kg / m 2, sizes are convenient for overlapping spans up to 12 m long, and the form is for laying communications.

Wedding floors plates are marked:

• 1P - single-layer reinforced concrete product - no more than 12 cm.
• 2P - similar to the previous one, but the thickness is already 16.
• 1PC - Multi-back terminal with internal cavities with a diameter of up to 16 cm. Height - up to 22 cm.
• 2PK is the same with the cross section of voids up to 14.
• PB is a void structure thick 22.

Standard overall dimensions of multi-profile overlap panels according to GOST 26434-85 are shown in the table below.

The weight of the finished product comes up to 2500 kg.

The marking plate of the overlap contains complete information: view, sizes, compressive strength. For example, PC 51.15-8 is:

• PC is a multi-retained panel with pipe-shaped longitudinal cavities with a diameter of 15.9 cm, height - 22 cm.
• 51 - Length in DM, that is, 5.1 m.
• 15 - width in dm - 1.5 m.
• 8 - the load it will endure. In this case, 800 kgf / m 2.

In addition to the standard, continuous slabs of overlapping from cellular concrete (aerated concrete and others) are available. They are pretty lightweight, withstand minor loads - up to 600 kg, used in low-rise construction. To create a solid connection, manufacturers produce tipped products (spike-grooves).

Installation of prefabricated plates

Before laying, all bases are aligned, if necessary, amplified by a ring reinforced belt from the monolithic reinforced concrete with a width of at least 25 cm, with a thickness of 12 cm. The differences between opposite capital walls should not be more than 1 cm.

The prefabricated bribes are fitted with the help of lifting equipment closely, the gaps are filled with a solution. For connecting to hard monolith, an anchoring method is used.

When installing the plate should be based on the capital wall or the foundation of the panel section of a width of at least 15-20 cm. The slots between the concrete and the interior partition are laid by brick or blocks of light concrete.

The cost of the priest

Due to the fact that the composition of the overlap and dimensions are standardized, the enterprise policy is aimed at preserving a stable price. The average cost of empty panels is shown in the table below.

Name	Parameters, see	Price, ruble
PC 21.10-8	210x100x22	2 800
PC 21.12-8	210x120x22.	3 100
PC 25.10-8	250x100x22.	3 300
PC 25.12-8	250x100x22.	3 700
PC 30.10-8	300x100x22.	3 600
PC 30.12-8	300x120x22.	4 000