Digging wells for water with your own hands. How to make a well with your own hands without equipment. Rope percussion drilling

Uninterrupted water supply of a private house is a prerequisite for a comfortable stay.

Centralized water supply in rural areas or summer cottages is expensive, and its organization is fraught with difficulties.

The best option is an individual source: a well or a well.

Where to get water

To organize an individual source fit:

Important note! Artesian waters constitute a strategic reserve. For their extraction and exploitation of the source, they obtain permission from state bodies.

They drill wells "on the sand" with their own hands.

Such a source is sufficient for water supply in the house, and the cost of organizing it pays off within 1-2 years of operation.

A small educational program

Taking water from an unconfined aquifer is not always the best option.

Therefore, the preferred option is a limestone well..

An exploratory well-“needle” will answer the question about the occurrence of layers and the complexity of drilling.
On such a well, a so-called. " abyssinian well» as a source of temporary water supply.

Practical note! The Abyssinian well can be drilled directly in the basement of the house, while receiving a guaranteed source of water at any time of the year.

The device of the well "on the sand"

In the design of such a source, 2 elements are required.

Well construction includes:

erection of a caisson (or installation of a downhole adapter),
installation of automation (about the optimal pressure of the water supply in a private house is written in the article),
hydraulic accumulator (),
filters.

Drilling technology

For independent drilling wells fit in several ways. They are used, depending on the composition of the soils that must be passed to the aquifer.

Before drilling, a pit is laid with dimensions of 1.5x1.5x1.5 (or 2) meters. In the place defined as the drilling point, the first meters (3-4) of the well are passed by the auger.

Very important! When drilling at the first stage, be sure to check the verticality of the auger (the hole being laid). This will make future work easier.

Practical advice! If drilling is carried out to a depth of more than 7 m, the installation of a conductor will not interfere with the accuracy of further work.

This is a pipe whose diameter exceeds the dimensions (diameter) of the casing and the annulus. The conductor is placed vertically and concreted.

On a note! The diameter of the well, tool, casing is chosen based on the diameter of the submersible pump.

The gap between the walls of the pipe and the housing must comply with the documentation of the pump manufacturer, but not less than 7 mm.

For the 86 mm pump caliber commonly found on the market, inner diameter casing is 100 mm.

For deep well drilling, the tool, as it goes deeper, will have to be lengthened with rods.

Steel pipes are used as knees of the drill string (rods) (for a tool with a diameter of 100 mm, pipes with a diameter of 80 mm and a machine thickness of at least 4 mm are suitable).

Important! The connection of the column is performed with bayonet couplings.

The threaded connection can unscrew when the rods are turned to release and lift the tool, and the locks are unreliable when percussive drilling.

To avoid damage to the casing by the drill string, pipe centralizers (steel springs) are used - 1 per 3-5 m of the drilling structure.

Important note! Manual drilling is intermittent, with periodic lowering and raising of the tool to free it from the rock.

For 1 cycle pass no more than the length of the working part!

Necessary equipment

The most common in the practice of manual drilling of wells:

auger and shock-rope methods - require the use of a minimum of necessary equipment.

Types of drills and their application

The main tool for sinking a wellbore and removing soil is a drill.

For different technologies drilling and soil use:

Auger (coil).
Scope - rotary drilling.
The cutting head is made of sheet steel (thickness less than 3 mm), the edges are sharpened.

Important! The auger must be two-way otherwise, ground resistance will pull the instrument away from vertical.

Practical note!
Even with a screw screw length of several meters, it is recommended to lift and release it from the ground every 1-1.5 m of shaft penetration.

Otherwise, it will be problematic to remove the tool.
Bur glass.
It is used with the shock-rope method for driving cohesive viscous soils, for example, clay.
Boring spoon.
Suitable for loose and loose rocks.
Scope of rotational and shock-rotational drilling.
drill bit for breaking hard rocks.
It is used for cable-percussion drilling.
Bailer.
A device for freeing the shaft from crumbling soil and / or semi-liquid rock.

Koper

When drilling to a depth of 5 m, lowering and raising the drill string and casing can be done manually.

For great depths, use a pile driver - a drilling rig.

In the simplest case, the copper- a tripod made of steel pipes or logs, assembled in the form of a trihedral pyramid.

The height of the copra is chosen based on maximum length knees of the drill string or casing pipe, it should exceed this parameter by 1.2-1.5 m.

To work with equipment, 3 m long, the height of the copra is 4.5 m, which allows it to be assembled from 6 meter logs or pipes.

Important! Be sure to ensure the stability of the tower!

To do this, the legs of the copra are fastened with a wound, or buried in the ground, placing under the heel of each, a bed - a horizontal segment of a log up to 1 m long.

Equip the pile driver with a drilling collar and lifting mechanism- a gate or a winch.

Casing installation

At manual drilling use one of the following simple methods:

At the end of the drilling process, it is time to build up and equip the well, and connect the source to the water supply.

How to make a simple drill and drill a well for water yourself, see the proposed video.

Professional drilling of wells is a very expensive pleasure. Depending on the method of penetration, the cost of services of specialized companies ranges from 15-50 USD. e. for each meter of depth. Note that the task is really not an easy one, and therefore most owners of dachas and estates turn to specialists for its solution. Hence the purpose of this material is to consider options for how you can drill a well on a site with your own hands without the use of expensive equipment. We will describe available ways, so that you can assess the complexity and scope of work, and then start moving along the chosen path.

How deep is drinking water

This main question, which the homeowner puts when organizing the water supply of the dwelling. Only geological exploration can give an exact answer to it. suburban area held in last years. To be convinced of this, it is worth studying the layout of aquifers in the thickness of the earth.

As you can see, the water is located on different horizons, between which impermeable rocks lie - dense loam, limestone and clay. To determine the appropriate layer, we propose to slightly decipher the presented scheme:

Closest to the surface are waters that enter the ground due to precipitation - the so-called perched water. In some places, it starts from a depth of 0.4-0.8 m and continues up to 20 m. As a rule, this is dirty and poorly filtered water containing harmful impurities.
At depths up to 30 m, there are cleaner ground water, whose stock is also fed by precipitation. Most home wells break out to this horizon (its upper limit can be at a distance of 5-8 m from the surface). This water must be filtered before drinking.
Underground water accumulations located in the sandy layer have undergone good natural filtration and are suitable for drinking water supply. If you want to make a well with your own hands, then you will need to reach this horizon.
The purest water is located in limestone voids at a depth of 80-100 m, which is unattainable using artisanal drilling methods. Since artesian water is under pressure, after punching a well, the flow independently rises to ground level, or even splashes out.

Note. The boundaries of the occurrence of perched water and groundwater are indicated very conditionally, their depth may vary depending on the terrain and other factors.

Location of the source of autonomous water supply

When we figured out between which layers a suitable horizon is located, we need to determine the place for the future source of water supply. We will not talk about dubious options like dowsing with a frame or a vine slingshot, but will give a number of simple tips:

learn all about neighboring wells and wells: their depth, water quality and location;
retreat as far as possible from the sources of pollution - septic tanks, outdoor toilets and barnyard;
note: wells are not drilled on a hill, for this it is better to choose a lowland.

In any case, you need to be patient. It is likely that you will not be able to get drinking water the first time and you will need to make several attempts.

About drilling technologies

Before we talk about the methods of drilling, we list the types of wells:

to the water;
on the sand;
on limestone (artesian).

A shallow well for water is made in order to reach the upper horizons and organize the supply using a pump. This also includes the Abyssinian well from a pipe of small diameter. Accordingly, drilling into sand and into limestone means deepening to the lower layers, as shown in the diagram above.

This is what auger drilling looks like

There are several technologies for punching narrow vertical channels in the earth:

With the help of a drill made in the form of an auger. To reach the desired depth, the drill builds up with new sections as it dives.
Core drilling. In this case, the main tool is a hollow pipe with a sharp end, where welded carbide teeth. In the process of deepening, the glass is filled with rock, which is periodically cleaned out.
Hydraulic method (direct or reverse flushing). The bottom line is that the drill is lowered into the channel along with the casing, and the soil from working area constantly washed out by the pressure of the water supplied by the drainage pump.
The shock-rope method involves driving the same glass and periodically excavating the soil to the surface. It uses the impact force from the free fall of the tool placed inside the casing. Typically, the operator manually raises the glass, tied to the coil with a cable, and then releases it into free flight to the bottom of the well.

Reference. For the passage of loose layers or intermediate water carriers, when the auger or glass enters the slurry, a special device is used - a bailer or a drill-spoon. This is a piece of pipe check valve in the form of a petal or a ball, filled with liquid rock with each dive. Then the bailer is lifted and cleaned.

The design of a homemade bailer

In addition to the above methods, water well drilling is carried out using the Abyssinian well technology. In short, a pipe with a diameter of 32 mm with a cone at the end is immersed to the level of groundwater, which is subsequently pumped out of the well by a surface pump.

In order to drill at the well site with your own hands and not use specialized equipment, only 2 technologies can be implemented: shock-rope and Abyssinian well. We will tell about them further.

How to punch punch

This is the most inexpensive technology, but rather laborious. For work you will need the following devices:

a tripod made of rolled metal with a hook and a block on top;
winch with a cable, equipped with a handle;
driving tool - a glass and a bailer;
welding machine;
manual drill.

Ground punching cup

Advice. In the presence of welding inverter and the skills to work with it, you can weld these simple devices in your garage. But the manufacture homemade devices justified when you need to break through not one well, but 10 or 20. It's easier to rent a tripod with a coil.

Before drilling the soil to the required depth, prepare casing pipes. Their diameter should be such that the working tool passes freely inside, but with a minimum clearance, and the length should correspond to the height of the tripod. One condition: impact technology is not applicable on rocks or in soils with stone inclusions. To penetrate such horizons, you will need a carbide-tipped drill.

Independent drilling of a well for water is carried out in the following order:

From the first section of the casing, make a filter by drilling Ø8-10 mm holes in a checkerboard pattern with a step of 7-8 cm on a pipe section 1 meter long. From above, close the holes with a stainless steel mesh fixed with rivets.
Make a leader hole with a hand drill to a depth of 0.5-1 m. Here it is important to correctly set the tool at an angle of 90 ° to the surface so that the channel is strictly vertical.
Insert the first section of casing into the hole, correct the vertical and insert the impact tool inside.
Leaving a helper to maintain the casing, raise and lower the glass using the spool. When filling, take it out and clean out the rock. As the soil is removed, the pipe will take its place and gradually sink into the ground. To speed up the process, attach a couple of heavy weights to it.
When the edge of the first section drops to the ground, weld the second section to it, strictly controlling the vertical level. Continue in the same way until you reach the water layer.

Welding the next section in level

An important point. Passing the top water, you will surely come across the slurry that falls out of the iron glass. A mixture of clay and water must be selected from the well using the bailer method, installing it instead of a conventional tool.

When the end of the pipe drops 40-50 cm below the groundwater level, stop punching the channel and proceed to “rocking” the source. To do this, lower the pipe connected to the surface pump to the bottom of the HDPE and pour 2-3 buckets of water into the shaft. Then turn on the unit and let it run for 2 hours, controlling the cleanliness and water pressure. The last step is to equip the well and connect it to the water supply at home, as described in. For more details on the drilling process, see the video:

Abyssinian well

Unlike traditional underground channels, the Abyssinian well has a small diameter (no more than 50 mm) and water is pumped out of it by a surface pump, not a submersible one. There is an opinion that due to the rarefaction created, such a well does not silt, and over time, its debit only grows due to the forced washing out of soil capillaries. In fact, such assertions have no serious grounds.

Before making an Abyssinian well, prepare the required number of casing pipes with a length of 2-2.5 m. Since penetration below 15 m is not expected, it is enough to have 6-7 ready-made segments Ø50 mm on hand, plus the first section with a steel cone at the end - a needle. She will play the role of a drilling tool.

Finished Needle with Mesh

The technology looks like this:

Make the first section of the casing - the so-called needle. Weld a metal cone to its end, and make holes on the sides and place the mesh, as described in the previous section.
Dig a small leader hole, insert a needle into it and start driving, keeping to the vertical. To do this, you can use the same tripod with a suspended weight or another device.
As you sink, weld in new sections and continue to drive in the casing. When approaching the estimated depth, check the appearance of water with a weight on a string.
Having passed the aquifer, lower the polymer pipeline connected to the well into the well. manual column. Fill it with water and pump the source for 30-60 minutes until clear water comes out. Then proceed to the installation of an autonomous water supply.

Abyssinian well device

Advice. When you start ordering the manufacture of a steel cone, keep in mind that its "skirt" should be 3-5 mm wider than the casing pipe, so that when driving, the mesh does not peel off the walls of the shaft. To facilitate labor, make the end of the needle as sharp as possible.

At Abyssinian well there is one significant drawback: before drilling it, you need to know for sure that there is groundwater in this place. Otherwise, you run the risk of burying all the pipes in the ground, since it is not always possible to extract them back. The advantages of the source are simplicity in execution and minimum flow materials. If you wish, you can punch such a well right in the house, as a team of workers demonstrates in the video:

Conclusion

The impact drilling method is really suitable in a situation where you need to make a well in the country on your own. Yes, and the Abyssinian well is arranged according to the same technology. To use other methods - auger, core and hydraulic - it is necessary special equipment- drilling machine, drainage pump etc. But it is impossible to completely abandon these options, despite the high prices, because the composition of the soil and the depth of the water carriers can be different. You can’t break through the rock manually and you won’t go to the horizon over 50 m.

Structural engineer with over 8 years experience in construction.
Graduated from East Ukrainian National University them. Vladimir Dal with a degree in Electronic Industry Equipment in 2011.

You decide to build a well on your own site to provide for your home and family enough pure water? However, were you shocked by the amount that it would cost to drill it? Agree that this event, although quite expensive, is extremely necessary.

The high cost naturally forces us to look for an alternative to the services of drillers. We will tell you how to drill a well with your own hands. We will help you deal with the peculiarities of driving and arranging a water source - this is quite a feasible task for those who are not afraid of hard work.

The article discusses different ways well construction. After reviewing them, you will understand whether you can perform all the necessary operations. For better assimilation of the above information, the article is equipped with step by step photos and videos showing the process of drilling and making drilling tools at home.

Before starting drilling, you should study the composition of the soil at the site in order to at least roughly imagine your future well.

Depending on the characteristics of the aquifer, there are three types of wells:

Abyssinian well;
filter well;
artesian well.

The Abyssinian well (or well-needle) can be arranged almost everywhere. They punch it where the aquifer lies relatively close to the surface and is confined to the sands.

For its drilling, driving technology is used, which is not suitable for the construction of other types of wells. All work can usually be completed within one business day.

This scheme allows you to study the features of the device of various wells in order to better understand the technology of their drilling and choose the appropriate method (click to enlarge)

But the flow rate of such wells is small. To provide the house and the plot with enough water, it sometimes makes sense to make two such wells on the site. The compact dimensions of the equipment make it possible to arrange such a well right in the basement without any problems.

Filter wells, which are also called "sand" wells, are created on soils where the aquifer lies relatively shallow - up to 35 meters.

Usually these are sandy soils that lend themselves well to drilling. The depth of the filter well usually varies between 20-30 meters.

When drilling an Abyssinian well, a narrow auger drill is first used to go through hard ground and reach a quicksand

The hose is not lowered into such a well, its role is played by the narrow pipe itself. The pump is installed directly on the top of the Abyssinian well.

The casing pipe, which at the same time is the shaft of the mine, is extended in sections of 1-3 meters, and the threaded connections are carefully sealed by winding and silicone sealant. Compact dimensions make it possible to arrange such a well even in the basement of a private house, so as not to take up space on the site.

The Abyssinian well is also called a needle well, since the casing with a filter tip really resembles a needle. Threaded connections of such a pipe should be carefully sealed

To make a needle well filter, a series of holes about 10 mm in diameter are made on the bottom of the pipe. The perforated section is covered from the outside with a layer of a special metal mesh of galloon weaving. Such a filter will reliably prevent fine sand from entering the well.

When figuring out how to drill or drill a needle well on your own, the method of driving a string of narrow casing pipes should be given close attention. This operation can be performed using a rod or headstock. A long metal rod is used as a rod, which is gradually increased as it is lowered along with the casing.

The blows of the rod during operation fall on the tip. At the same time, the pipe connections also experience additional stress and can be deformed. Sometimes, with strong impacts, the coupling connection can simply break during clogging, and this is unacceptable. Grandma is a load with a hole.

A special head is put on the upper end of the casing pipe, on which they are struck to hammer the pipe to the desired depth. With this method of clogging, the load is distributed more evenly, but the integrity of the joints is still at risk. Therefore, only high-quality materials should be used to drill the Abyssinian well.

In this case, it is only relevant threaded connection, which is coaxial with the center of the pipe. Correctly perform such a thread can only be on lathe. A torn pipe will cause a lot of trouble for the master, since it is almost impossible to pull out a piece of a column stuck in the ground.

Work will have to start over, and costs will rise markedly. But if for some reason it was not possible to drill an Abyssinian well, almost all materials can be reused.

Production of drilling tools

As mentioned earlier, drilling tools can be made on your own, borrowed from friends, or purchased commercially.

Sometimes a drilling rig can be rented. However, the goal of self-drilling is usually to keep costs as low as possible. The easiest way to drill cheaply is to do.

The diagram shows the arrangement of various drilling tools. With the help of a chisel, especially hard soil can be loosened, and then it is removed with a drill, bailer or other device.

Option # 1 - spiral and spoon drill

Manual drilling can be done with a spiral or spoon drill. For the manufacture of a spiral model, a thick pointed rod is taken, to which knives are welded. They can be made from a steel disk cut in half. The edge of the disk is sharpened, and then the knives are welded to the base at a distance of about 200 mm from its edge.

A self-made auger drill can be different designs. Its obligatory elements are knives with pointed edges and a chisel installed at the bottom.

Knives should be located at an angle to the horizontal. An angle of about 20 degrees is considered optimal. Both knives are placed opposite each other. Of course, the diameter of the drill should not exceed the diameter of the casing. Usually a disc with a diameter of about 100 mm is suitable. The knives of the finished drill should be sharpened sharply, this will facilitate and speed up drilling.

Another version of the spiral drill can be made from a rod and a strip of tool steel. The width of the strip can vary between 100-150 mm.

Steel should be heated and rolled into a spiral, hardened, and then welded to the base. In this case, the distance between the turns of the spiral should be equal to the width of the strip from which it is made. The edge of the spiral is carefully sharpened. It is worth noting that it is not easy to make such a drill at home.

A spiral auger for drilling can be made from a pipe and a steel strip, however, it is not always easy to roll the tape into a spiral, weld and harden the tool at home

To make a spoon drill, you need a metal cylinder. In conditions self-manufacturing the easiest way is to use a pipe suitable diameter, For example steel pipe by 108 mm.

The length of the product should be about 70 cm, it will be difficult to work with a longer device. On this case, a long and narrow slot should be made, vertical or spiral.

A homemade spoon drill is easiest to make from a piece of pipe of a suitable diameter. The lower edge is folded and sharpened, and a hole is made along the body for cleaning the drill

Two spoon-shaped knives are mounted in the lower part of the body, the cutting edge of which is sharpened. As a result, the soil is destroyed by both horizontal and vertical edges of the drill.

The loosened rock enters the cavity of the drill. Then it is taken out and cleaned through the slot. In addition to knives, a drill is welded along the axis of the device in the lower part of the drill. The diameter of the hole made by such a drill will be slightly larger than the device itself.

The first thing an owner should do suburban area, whether it is a rural courtyard or just a garden, to provide water supply. It is good if a centralized water supply was built, but, alas, it is not present in every locality. In such a situation, one thing remains - to extract water from underground. Contrary to popular belief, this event is not always extremely costly, because the technology of drilling a well under water can well be mastered by a self-taught person who is used to doing everything on his own.

12 to 50 m

The middle depths are the realm of water-bearing sand. The water here is quite clean, but getting to it with just a shovel or a pointed pipe will not work. Nevertheless, the desire to build a well on the sand on your own is quite feasible. You will need special equipment and deeper knowledge of the technology of drilling water wells with your own hands. It is about sand wells that will be discussed further.

About drilling methods

Before you drill a water well with your own hands, you must select the type of drilling rig (there are three of them).

Shock rope

A heavy load, called a cartridge, as well as a special tool - a bailer - is suspended from the frame with a cable. From below, several strong triangular teeth are welded onto a cartridge weighing about 80 kg. Raising it and dropping it, loosen the soil, which is then removed with a bailer.

Before starting work, it is necessary to make a shallow well using garden drill. The cartridge can also be lifted manually, but it is better to use a rotary motor for this.

Applies this way when working on light or clay soil.

Screw

The working body of such an installation is similar to a garden drill, only very powerful. It is made from a 100 mm pipe, on which a couple of turns of a screw with a diameter of 200 mm are welded. For the manufacture of one turn use a round sheet blank with a hole cut in its center with a diameter of just over 100 mm. A cut is made along the workpiece radius, then the edges in the place of this cut are parted in two opposite directions perpendicular to the workpiece plane.

As the drill sinks, the bar on which it is fixed increases. The tool is rotated manually using a long handle made from a pipe. Every 50 - 70 cm, the drill will have to be removed, and since as it deepens it will have everything more weight, for this it will be necessary to install a tripod with a winch.

Rotary

For all its complexity this option is the most efficient and versatile. Soil development is carried out by means of a drill bit fixed on a constantly growing pipe - a drill rod or a column. Drill bits may have different design, the choice of which depends on the type of this moment soil.

At rotary drilling combine rotational and percussive impact on the rock. In addition, the design of the drill column allows you to pump water or mud into the well, which erode the soil and significantly accelerate the advance of the tool.

Where to drill

Before starting any work, the hydrogeological situation should be clarified. The best source information - owners of surrounding areas, especially if they already have wells or have once tried to build them.

The second way is how to make a well for water, or rather, choose a place for it - search for hydrogeological maps in your area, which may be kept by design organizations or relevant departments.

If it was not possible to obtain a clear idea of the presence and nature of aquifers, you will have to take the most costly step - to order exploration drilling . However, before that, you can try one of the traditional methods, for example, dowsing (dowsing), which, according to some evidence, can indicate the presence or absence of water underground with acceptable accuracy.

When choosing a place for a well, you should beware of the neighborhood in the form of septic tanks, cesspools, landfills or livestock complexes. If they are still nearby, then they should be at a distance of no closer than 30 m. Of course, the well should be located closer to the house. Optimal distance is 3 m.

Equipment

To drill a well on the site with your own hands, you need to prepare the following elements:

Read about what characteristics and advantages it has in our separate article.

Comparison of wells and wells is a site. All for and against these sources of water intake.

Let's start drilling

Let's bring general instruction regarding how to equip a well in the country with your own hands:

A square excavation is made in the ground with dimensions in terms of 1.5x1.5 m and a depth of 1 to 2 m - the so-called pit. It is necessary in order to prevent shedding of loose surface soil into the well. Inside, the pit is sheathed with plywood or boards, and on top of it for ease of carrying out installation work boardwalk is laid.
After installation of the installation, two coaxial holes are cut out in the upper and lower floors of the pit, after which drilling is started.
The drill rod is rotated by means of a gear motor or manually. At the same time, a bodice is put on the bar, on which one of the workers strikes with a hammer. Alternative option: the drill is winched up and dropped in the same way as it is done with percussion drilling. If necessary, water or drilling fluid is supplied to the rod.
In parallel with drilling, a casing pipe with a special shoe installed from below is installed in the well. Like a drill rod, it builds up gradually.
After quicksand (soil with high humidity) drilling speeds up (aquifer starts) and then slows down again. This means that a water-resistant layer has been reached and drilling can be stopped.
A filter column is lowered into the well, after which it is washed with a strong pressure of water.
Down into the well submersible pump, which begin to pump out water until it becomes absolutely clean

On the final stage do-it-yourself well equipment in the country, all cavities are covered with a sand-gravel mixture, and a pipeline is laid to the house in a trench.

Common Mistakes

The lack of experience of self-taught drillers most often manifests itself in the following:

The drill is lowered too deep, as a result of which the casing pipe crosses the aquifer. Solution: raise the casing or insert a new, shorter one into it, after which the earlier installed pipe should be removed.
The casing pipe did not reach the required depth, as a result of which the soil below collapsed and the well productivity dropped sharply. Solution: remove the soil with a bailer, then immerse the pipe to the required depth.
The pump was set too low, causing the well to become clogged with sand.

In the latter case, remove the pump and, having selected the sand with a bailer, install it correctly. The correct position is determined as follows: the operating pump is gradually lowered until sand is found in the pumped water. After that, the pump is slightly raised until the water supplied by it becomes clean. (usually correct position pump - 1-2 m from the bottom).

How to drill a well under water with your own hands and what equipment you can use to watch the video.

Central water supply is a privilege of residents of urban centers. Even on the outskirts of the metropolis it is difficult to connect to communications. Or should I spend a considerable amount for laying pipes, or access to the benefits of civilization is not physically available due to the distance of the utility networks.

There is nothing to say about isolated villages. The only way get water - drill your own well. The main thing is to find the right place. We will tell you the details about this responsible process, we will provide visual diagrams and show a thematic video.

We represent folk, and therefore very effective ways searching for water in the area.

Method 1. Plain earthenware unglazed pot 1-1,5 liters are filled with a mixture of yari (a type of paint based on copper acetate), white incense (tree resin), sulfur and sheep's wool in proportions 4:4:4:5 .

Pot hermetically sealed and weighed. It must be buried in the proposed place for drilling a well to a depth 30-35 see. After a day, the container is again sent to the scales and, if the mass of the pot has increased, then the water is nearby.

Instead of old recipe absorbent can be used silica gel.

Method 2. If there are no water sources nearby, you need to observe the chosen place for the well. evening mist above the "destination" indicates that there is water here. Than fog thicker- topics closer water.

Method 3 gives results close to 100 % . Can be drilled by hand with a garden drill to a depth 5-10 meters. If the presence of water in the well is obvious, it remains to complete the deepening work.

The more water, the more likely the possibility of arranging a well, and not a well. The nominal drilling depth is 10-15 m. The place for the well must be chosen no closer than 30 m from contaminated areas. This may also be artesian well, that is, an underground pressure source.

Hand drilling uses shock-rope and rotary methods or abyssinian well. The simplest is rotary drilling. Required Tools and materials:

Drill rods.

Winch.

Drill tower.

Casing pipes.

Winch on the tower lift and remove from the well a drill with rods (drill string). With shallow water, you can get the drill manually using a block on the winch. Also, instead of a winch, you can build an ordinary gate (as on wells). The drilling tower is made in the form of a tripod from improvised materials.

Drilling rods- these are pipes on a threaded or keyed connection. A drill is attached to the lower bar. Drill types: spiral or spoon.

Drill-spoon (spoon drill)

Boring spoon(spoon drill) - a metal cylinder with a spiral or longitudinal thread. Its axis is eccentric relative to the center of the bar. That is, the axis of rotation of the rod and the lower drill must match, and at the “spoon” it is shifted by 10-15 millimeters.

So the tool makes a hole larger diameter than own. This allows the drill to move freely in the casing pipes, which can be lowered directly in the process of deepening.

Length borax-spoons - 700 mm, the diameter is selected according to the dimensions of the well.

On the video An example of self-manufacturing of a tool is given:

Homemade drill spoon made from ordinary thick wall pipe hardened. It can be used for drilling in wet sand, loam, black soil, alumina, and so on.

Drill of spiral type (serpentine)

Boer spiral type (serpentine drill) is made from a twisted metal strip of tool steel and resembles a drill. The lower end of the tool is equipped cutting edge, the pitch of its helix is equal to the diameter. It can be used for drilling in clay and in clay soils with gravel filling.

Drilling process

To remove liquid mud from the well, bailer. When lifting, its valve closes and delays the "silt".

Above the future well a tower is being installed taller than the bar length. At the first stage, the drill string includes one rod and a drill. After every 600-700 mm, the column must be taken out and cleaned from the ground. As it moves, the length of the drill string is increased by attaching an additional rod.

Such necessary operations, how column lifting, rod disassembly, her assembly and return descent take a lot of time. Therefore, it is necessary to capture the maximum amount of soil with a drill. If drilling is carried out in loose soil, then it will fall down from the walls of the well. Therefore, in the "well" should be lowered casing, but not to the very bottom, but at a distance 0,5-1 meter away from him.

The video shows the process in detail. mechanized well drilling:

Casing pipes are lowered as they go deeper lower. Drilling continues until the impervious layer. It is necessary to pass the aquifer completely so that water enters the well into maximum volume(this moment is very clearly shown in video at the end of the article).

Down to the bottom of the well fine metal mesh filter. It also serves as a filter Bottom part casing pipes, in the walls of which holes are drilled. Before installing the filter on the bottom of the well, you need to fill up 30-50 centimeters of coarse sand or fine gravel. Water is supplied to the house through the plumbing pump, therefore, it is necessary to bring the cable and metal-plastic pipes.

Drill a well deep more than 20 meters manually it will be very difficult.

Any finished a well for water, the maintenance of which is carried out in sufficient volume, will serve for decades. Service is fastener check, lubrication and adjustment of pump parts, electrical work etc. Typically, the "inspection" takes place on site, without requiring the dismantling of equipment.

It is also necessary to carry out well insulation, or rather its upper part.

Materials such as polystyrene (styrofoam), mineral or glass wool are best used if groundwater is located close, as well as when the soil is deep freezing.

It is desirable to make a layer of insulation thick 35-50 centimeters.

How to conduct a water quality analysis

Drinking water is standardized according to the standards of the World Health Organization ( WHO). You can get acquainted with them in the "Guidelines for ensuring the quality of drinking water".

Purification of water from the well is carried out in special laboratories after determining the presence of impurities in percentage terms. The analysis should be carried out regularly, as the composition may change due to seasonal and even daily fluctuations. Based on the results obtained, the water well is cleaned in the most appropriate way.

Well water treatment

Universal well water purification system - reverse osmosis. Several types of impurities are removed at once, it is provided high quality liquids. Therefore, only this system can be used to completely get rid of iron, humic compounds, viruses and bacteria.

After laboratory tests you need to contact the experts who will select the most effective system cleaning.

There are such types water filters:

Type "jug". Contains activated carbon, which partially reduces the amount of contaminants in the water. "Jug" can't delete a large number of inorganic, organic impurities and bacteria. The water is filtered slowly. After a month, you need to change the cartridge.

Carbonic. Contains activated carbon, which cleans water well from chlorine. Due to a possible interruption in the operation of the water supply, the cartridge often becomes clogged, so the composition of the water can become doubly toxic. Does not reduce the number of bacteria, viruses and inorganic impurities.

Ceramic. Contributes to the purification of water only from the "garbage" of large fractions. Organic and inorganic substances, viruses and bacteria do not linger. In addition, the filter quickly becomes clogged with dirt. Therefore, it requires frequent cleaning and disinfection.

with reverse osmosis. Significantly reduces the content of harmful and toxic impurities in the water. Mechanical barriers and a membrane purify the liquid almost perfectly, but useful minerals are lost and a distillation effect occurs. Therefore, a mineralizer must be connected to the filter. Does not destroy bacteria and viruses.

coagulation method. When coagulants are added, the water is separated into 3 layer. In the upper, light impurities are collected, in the lower - toxins in the form of sediment. The middle layer is drinking. Requires special equipment. At home, the process is dangerous because toxic substances from other layers can get into the water.

At the end of the material, we suggest looking video, which presents drilling work: